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PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OF A MODERN LIBRARY AT RAMOGI

INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY

DAISY ANYANGO OCHIENG

737101/0469

PRESENTED TO THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DIPLOMA IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING

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Table of Contents
DECLARATION ................................................................................................................................................... 4
DEDICATION ...................................................................................................................................................... 5

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................................................................... 6

PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................................ 7
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................................................... 8

RIAT Modern library ........................................................................................ 8

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ................................................................................................. 8

CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................. 17
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 18

CHAPTER ONE................................................................................................................................ 19
Temperature starting from 2018-2021 ..................................................................................... 20

Rainfall in MM ........................................................................................................................... 21 SITE

INVESTIGATION ................................................................................................................. 21
SOIL INVESTIGATION ................................................................................................................. 22

SIEVE ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................................... 22

ATTERBERG LIMIT.................................................................................................................. 22
PROCTOR COMPACTION TEST .............................................................................................. 22

BENCHMARK ......................................................................................................................... 22
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION Feasibility Test .......................................... 23 b)

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Ground Floor ..................................................................................................................... 23 d)

Roofing

.............................................................................................................................. 23

e) Ventilation ........................................................................................................................
23

f) Lighting
.............................................................................................................................. 24

g) Thermal Insulation ............................................................................................................

24
h) Sound Insulation ...............................................................................................................
24 CHAPTER TWO...............................................................................................................................
25
GROUND FLOOR ............................................................................................................................ 25
UPPER FLOOR ................................................................................................................................ 26

REAR ELEVATION ........................................................................................................................... 26

3
FRONT ELEVATION ........................................................................................................................ 27
RIGHT ELEVATION ......................................................................................................................... 28

SECTION......................................................................................................................................... 29

ROOF PLAN .................................................................................................................................... 30

CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................................................ 32

Task 2 structural working drawings ...................................................................................... 53

BILL OF QUANTITY ......................................................................................................................... 57

ESTIMATION AND COSTING ...................................................................................................... 62
CHAPTER FIVE ................................................................................................................................ 74

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SITE ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT ............................................................................... 74

Site organization ................................................................................................................... 74

Method of statement for proposed Riat Complex Academy................................................ 76

Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 77

Appendix ............................................................................................................................... 77

DECLARATION
I declare that this project is my own work and that no part of this work should Be
duplicated or transmitted either by electronic method or by photocopying.
Name DAISY ANYANGO OCHIENG
Index 737101/0469
Signature………………………………………………….
Date…………………………………………….
BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING
Supervisor: I declare that work done by the candidate was done under my supervision.
Signature ………………………………………….
Date…….………………………………………
Name MR TOM ONDIEK
BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING

RAMOGI INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY

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DEDICATION
I dedicate this project to my dad, my Mum and my Daughter AALIYAH
FANCY HADASSAH
for their support throughout the course

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I give my sincere gratitude’s to my project supervisor Mr. Tom Ondiek for

his tireless efforts and guidance during the preparation of this project. I

would also like to acknowledge my classmates, friends and other family

members for their moral support.

Finally, I would not forget to thank my Building and Civil Engineering

department lecturers for their critics throughout the project.

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PREFACE
The main objective of this project is to present what I have learnt throughout the course
(Diploma in Civil Engineering) for the last three years and practical aspect In building and
construction field. It involves a wide field of economics and design

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ABSTRACT.
The proposed project is to be constructed at Ramogi Institute of Advanced
Technology. The structure will be constructed to curb overpopulation, to provide
comfortable learning environment for the Students within Riat community.
1 .2 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
At this stage we put into consideration the processes and features
that may hinder the construction operation process. All the necessities
shall be put into consideration to ensure that the structure is strong
spacious durable, decent and also meet the standard limit.
SURVEYING WORKS. This is the accurate measuring of relatively large
scale of earth’s surface. It uses geometry to measure angles on the earth’s
surface

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CHAPTER ONE
SURVEYING WORK

Introduction

The project is located 1.5KM off Kisumu-Kakamega highway. The client require a two
storey library.

Discussion of my geotechnical exploration and laboratory testing for the area

samples are included herein. My engineering recommendations will be presented
under separate cover. All elevations described in this report.

SITE SURVEYING

We visited the site and noticed the following:

 Trees

 Landscape

 Adjacent buildings

 Position of drain water

 Shape and size of the plot

OBJECTIVES
1. To establish a building complex that set a standard within the entire region and Kenya at
large.
2. To compare the proposed modern library based on the competency based curriculum
which has been newly adopted by the government of Kenya.
3. To determine sustainable building technologies currently used by new curriculum 4. To
establish types building design that can be used in the institution and can be easily adopted
by student taking building technology.

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5. To design and construct block that is spacious enough, accessible and well located.
6. To meet my expectations as an engineer

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SCOPE

This has been done through research in laboratory and interviews among professionals
who really assisted in the research.

JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT

Due to rapid growth of population in Riat college the client has seen it worth to put up an
advanced library to curb the overcrowding.

LOCATION

The proposed project will be located within Riat College which is 1.5KM off
KisumuKakamega highway.

TOPOGRAPHY

The topography of Riat area is gently flat.

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Rainfall in MM

Year/Month 2021 2020 2019 2018

January 12.5 168.0 115.0 9.5

February 108.0 214.0 12.0 105.5

March 224.0 198.0 22.0 330.5

April 77.5 300.0 200.0 193.5

May 225.0 332.0 494.5 94.5

June 195.5 332.5 67.0 130.5

July 152.5 270.0 164.0 265.5

August 300.0 249.5 121.0 167.0

September 253.5 447.0 182.0 171.5

October 289.0 443.0 257.0 345.5

November 113.0 105.0 89.0 188.5

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December 40.0 107.0 170.0 40.0

The temperature range from 24Co-29Co during the day time and 6Co-11Co during the
night.
SITE INVESTIGATION
The proposed project was first visited by the project committee and the financier of the project in
order to determine soil analysis.

 Soil type- black cotton

 Topography- gently sloppy
 Available local materials- stone

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 The ground was swampy hence dewatering must be done before construction commence using
appropriate method.

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SOIL INVESTIGATION

The exercise commenced with excavation of trial pits which was done manually
whereby four trial pits were excavated to the depth of 1m spread within the actual
spot around the selected construction site.

The top vegetable soil was stripped off to a depth of 200mm and then the

SOIL CLASSIFACATION

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Three methods were used during this test:

i. Sieve analysis ii.

Atterberg limit

iii. Proctor compaction test

SIEVE ANALYSIS
The main objective for this test was to quantitavely determine the particle size, distribution in the
sample often dried soil.
ATTERBERG LIMIT
It is the upper and lower limits of the range of water content over which the solid exhibit referred
to as liquid and plastic limit respectively.
PROCTOR COMPACTION TEST
It is a method of soil compaction done to reduce the air voids by packing together the soil particles.

BENCHMARK
A temporary benchmark was established by using the survey benchmark by Kenya Survey.
Benchmark and the height above the sea level was 1000M. We started by a temporary
benchmark of 5M away from the main corner of the site.*-+
23

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION Feasibility Test

The projects client is the Kenya National Examination Council which actually had
the following factors which favors the location of the project.  Availability of
power lines and telephone services

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 The site was fairly leveled hence only vegetation cover was removed thus no much
expenses were incurred.

 The design was based on the following, for different sectors:

a) Foundation

Based on the soil baring capacity on the beneath soils

b) Ground Floor

The design is based on the function of the structure thus the following were adapted to wear and
tear;

• Hardcore well compacted -400mm thick

• Murram blinding -50mm thick

• Approved DPM

• Concrete slab -200mm thick

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c) Walling
Solid concrete blocks with wall plates reinforcements every three courses

d) Roofing

• Timber has been adapted for all roofing members with the designed various sizes coated
with anti-termite paste.

• Pre-painted galvanized corrugated iron sheets have been adopted spanning tussles for
their fabrications.

e) Ventilation

• Ventilation pipes with mosquito and insects traps have been provided in all a g
openings on the walls.
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• Provision of wide windows and doors envies good natural ventilation.

f) Lighting

• Structures of lighting have been positioned in such a way to access natural light through its
openings.

• Also electricity is to be installed to provide more light.

g) Thermal Insulation
Solid concrete block walls adopted to minimize the passage of heat from the picture face of the
interior part of the buildings.

h) Sound Insulation

• The solid concrete slab prevents the transfer of sound from one floor to another. Also the
200mm solid concrete way ward a sound insulate. i) Finishes

• Pre-tiles 250*250*12mm thick to be provided in the offices and entrance porch.

• Ceramic tiles sizes 150*150*6mm thick to be a height of 1.2m above to be provided in the WCS.

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CHAPTER TWO

Building Technology Task

1. Plans GROUND FLOOR

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UPPER FLOOR PLAN

REAR ELEVATION
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FRONT ELEVATION

LEFT ELEVATION

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RIGHT ELEVATION

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 ROOF PLAN
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 SECTION

mortar 1:3

2 9
. 100 ag
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ROOF PLAN
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CHAPTER THREE

STRUCTURAL DESIGHN TO BS8110

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Task 2 structural working drawings

FOUNDATION PAD

Column

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516
Beam

Suspended slab

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Stair case

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CHAPTER FOUR
MEASUREMENT

BILL OF QUANTITY
ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY RATE AMOUNT
(Ksh)
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ELEMENT NO. 1 PROPOSED
RIAT LIBRARY

SUBSTUCTURES

SUBSTRUCTURES(ALL
PROVISIONAL)

Excavations
Clear site of all vegetation and
burn all the arising
Excavate over site to reduce
levels average 150mm deep
and cart the soil away from site
A Excavate for strip foundation
commencing from reduced SM
B level not exceeding 1.50m
deep.
CM
Excavate for column pits
commencing from reduced
level and not exceeding 1.50m
C deep.
Extra over for excavation in 2080
rock. CM

300 40
Disposal of excavated
83,200.00
materials
D 270
CM 81,000.00
Return fill and ram selected
170
excavated materials around
foundation
Remove excavated materials 200
E from as directed 34,000.00
CM
200

180 36,000.00
F

CM 15
age
2000 30,000.00

55 300 16,500.00
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CM
G
5 7| 80 250 20,000.00
P
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Carried to collection Ksh

300,700.00

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ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY RATE AMOUNT
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Planking and water exclusion Allow

A for planking and strutting to uphold Item 4000 4000 4000.00
sides of excavation.
B Ditto but keeping all excavation free Item 3300 3300 3300.00
from running and under ground water
by pumping or hailing

APPROVED HARDCORE
C Approved hardcore compacted and 290 1100 319,000.00
watered in layers 150mm. CM

D 50mm thick stone dust or murram 285 150 42,750.00

SM
Anti-termite treatment
Chemical anti-termite treatment as 400 130 52,000.00
“Termidor EC 25” to build surfaces SM

THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION

1500 120 180,000.00
100 gauge polythene damp proof SM
membrane under floor bed with
150mm side and ends laps
300 80 24,000.00
Damp-proof course B.S 743, Type A, LM
Bitumen hessian base horizontal
200mm wide.

Concrete works
Mass concrete class 15(1:3:6) mix as 162 600 97,200.00
described in; SM
50mm thick building under strip
footing
I
162 700 113,400.00
Ditto column bases SM

Carried to collection
835,650.00

KSHS
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ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY RATE

AMOUNT
KSH
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A 25/20mm(mix 1:2:4) as 82 14,000 1,148,000.00

CM
before described in;
B CM 82 14,000 1,148,000.00
Column bases
C CM 82 14,000 1,148,000.00
D Columns
SM 475 1500 712,500.00
Strip foundation

E 100mm floor bed KG 200 170 34,000.00

ALL PROVISIONAL
Supply and fix steel reinforcement KG 150 345 51,750.00
F including cutting, bending, hooking,
tying and supporting as required.
G High yield tensile square twisted bars SM 120 300 36,000.00
to B.S
4461
H Assorted reinforcement bars of
various sizes Mesh fabric SM 155 250 38,750.00
I reinforcement to B.S 4483 set in
concrete with 300mm side end slab
J
High yield tensile square twisted bars SM 120 350 42,000.00
K B.S 4461
SM 150 400 60,000.00
SAWN TIMBER FORMWORK
To: 150 400 60,000.00
SM
Side of strip foundation
89 89 7,921.00
LM
Side of column bases

Side of columns

Edges of low bed 750-150mm girth

60 ag
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Carried to collection

4,486,921

ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY RATE AMOUNT

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Foundation walling
Load bearing stone walling bedded and jointed in
A cement sand(1:4) mortar including 25mm by 20
Gauge hoop iron reinforcement at every alternate
course

200mm thick walling SM 150 1200 180,000.00

Carried to collection 180,000.00

Collection Page

Brought from page 1 300,700.00

Brought from page 2 835,650.00

Brought from page 3 4,486,921.00

Brought from page 4 above 180,000.00

TOTAL FOR SUBSTRUCTURE CARRIED TO

SUMMARY 5,803,271.00

61 ag

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ESTIMATION AND COSTING

No. persons-> =20(per day)*25=500 545 persons
No. of staff members =45
=545 persons From
the ministry of water designed manual, the water
demand in an urban area is equal to 350 liters
Adopt
Water demand =35*545=17075lit 3m*3m*2.04m
MINISTRY OF Allow 25% for fire =4268.75 fighting
WATER Total water demand =21343.75Lit
DESIGNED
MANUAL Assume a square base cistern of 3m*3m
Height of the tank =21343.75 -
>2.04cm

Adopt a cistern of 3m*3m*2.04m

62 ag

CALCULATION AMOUNT

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SH CTS
EXCAVATIONS
Build up unit rates (m) for exc commencing from stripped level and not
exceeding 1.5m for substructure work

TOTAL EXCAVATIONS

Machine output 24m3/hr

Machine efficiency 60%

Unskilled labor Ksh 50/hr

Skilled labor Ksh 80/hr

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CALCULATION AMOUNT
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SHS CTS

Assume working hours per week

=40hrs, 8hrs per day

¾ to be machine excavation

¼ to be manual excavation

Assume the machine work rate per day to be 2000/=

Soln
Value of excavation by machine

=3/4 *71400=m535.5
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CALCULATION AMOUNT
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SHS CTS
Actual output

535.5/1000 x 24=12.852m2/hr

Time taken for exc

535.5/12.852 =41.666hrs

Hire rate/week =20,000/=

Hire rate/hr

Total hire + Running cost

=500+400 =900/=

Total machine exc cost

900 x 41.67 =Ksh 37,503

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CALCULATIONS AMOUNT CTS

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MANUAL EXC

Value =1/4 x714 178.5m3

ASSUME 3HRS/M3 Labor constant

Time taken =178.5 x 3-=535.5

Cost 360 x 535.5= 192,780

Total exc by machine + manual labor

=192,780+37,503=230,283

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CALCULATION AMOUNT CTS

Cost per m2 =230,283/714 =322.525

Allow 30% overheads and profit =30/100 x322.525 =96.76

Total cost = 322.525+96.76 =419.30

Say 420
420 00

DISPOSAL OF GENERAL WATER

Allow for disposal of general water in exc ny plumbing out using semi -
rotary pump.

Hiring Ksh 1000 per day

Operator = Ksh 30/hr

Duration 2days

Assume any per hour necessary information

30/100 x300 =90

Total = 300+90 =390

General water removal/hr

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CALCULATION AMOUNT
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CONCRETE WORK SHS CTS

Build up unit refers for reinforcement of concrete mix 1:4:6 in 20mm egg(m2)

Data:- Cost of cement 1 bag =800

-Cost of sand 1 tonne 2000

-Cost of ballast 1 tonne 7000

-Shrinkage and waste allowance 15%

-Density of cement 1982.458Kg/m3

-Density of sand 1500Kg/m3

-Density of eggs 1400Kg/m3

31,719 33
Materials Mix
1:4:8

Total cement mix =2736 +127.62+25.404+0.874+1801.458=1982.458

Cement
1m x1982.458=800/50 =31719.309

68 ag

CALCULATION AMOUNT

Sand =4 x 1500 x2000/100 =120,00 CTS

SHS

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Aggregate = 8 x 1400 x 2000/100 =224,000

Add 30% waste 30/100 x (224,000+1200+31717.328.)=112,713.50 112,715 80

P age
48,848 15
Total ratio 1+4+8=13

Cost per m3 =488435.15/13 =37571.934

37.571 94
LABOR AND TRANSPORTATION

1 hour for 3 unskilled -5 x1 x50=250

Placing – Assume 2 hrs

- 2 skilled 160
- 2 unskilled 100
2x2 x160=640

2x2 x 100=400

640+400=1040

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CALCULATION AMOUNT

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SHS CTS
TOTAL COST OF MATERIAL AND LABOUR
=1040 +250 1290
Add 30% overheads and profits 387 00
30/100 x 1290 =387

Mixing 8 hoisting
Hiring cost for a mixer and a hoister = 15,000 per day for both. Working
8hrs/day.

15000/8=1875

Running cost
-Assume 20liters of fuel per day@ 100
-Lubricant 3Kg/day@ 400

Fuel—20 x 100/8=250 250 00

Lubricant—3 x 400/8=150 150 00

2275 00
70 ag

CALCULATION AMOUNT
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SHS CTS
Total hiring plus running cost output of mixer. Assume it to be 0.2m3 per
cycle

1 cycle=2mm
? 60mm

60/2=30
0.2 x 30 =6m3
380 00
2275/6 =379.17

Formwork

Fmwk to find strip:- Data

-Cost of 200 x 75mm timber =150

- 2 skilled laborers @100
-2 unskilled laborers @50
6-Nails @150/Kg
-Mould oil @80/litre

Consider 300m of fnd

Height =1.5
Spacing=1.5

CALCULATION AMOUNT
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SHS CTS

Solution:-

Length=300
Total area 300 x 1.5=450
Area of timber -200/1000x750/1000=0.015

Number of timber -450/0.015 =30,000pcs

Total cost of timber30,000 x 100=3,000,000

Number of poles, Assume 20

200 x 20 =4000

Total 4000+3,000,000=3,004,000

Allow for 5% write =5/100 x 3,004,000=1,500,000 Total

–3,004,000+1,500,000=4,504,000

Assume 10Kg of nail@150 =1500

Mould oil 2liters@80 =160
Total =1660

Total cost =4,504,660

Cost per min =4,505,660/300=15,016.867

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CALCULATION AMOUNT

SHS CTS

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Labor
2skilled@100
2unskilled@50
Total =300

Total cost/run 4,505,660/300=15027.67 15,027 67

Reinforcement
Assorted sizes(418+440+632)=1490Kg

Assume 1Kg@150

Total cost of reinforcement

1490 x 150=223,500
223,500 00

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CHAPTER FIVE SITE ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT

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Site organization

Is a detailed and well thought out process which ensures a healthy and a safe construction site throughout its
build.

Site layout- it shows a detailed layout of the whole site and the relationship of the proposed work
with the boundary of the property, nearby road and neighboring building.

Functions of Project manager

 Responsible for the planning, procurement, execution and completion of a project.

 In charge of the entire project and handle everything involved.

 Monitor project progress and set deadlines.

 Manage the money.

 Evaluate project performance.

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Functions of the engineering manager

 Plan, coordinate and oversee the technical and engineering activities of the organization.

 Provide supervision and guidance to other engineers  Oversee efficient running of the
project

Functions of the procurement manager

 Sources for products and services for a company

 They create a buying strategy that takes into account the company’s budget and necessary
supplies and then find matching vendor.

Functions of the project controller

 Oversees the project’s revenues and expenses to ensure its stays within the budget.

 They provide input to management for how the organization can improve its operation to
meet its needs.

Functions of the administrator

 Support smooth running of offices by carrying out clerical tasks and projects.

 Organize project meetings.

 Providing customer services.

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Method of statement for proposed Riat library

No Operation Method Plant & labor Days in weeks Remarks
requirement

1. Excavation Machinery and Back actor with 2 Commence after

manually two operators shrub has been
two skilled, two cleared
unskilled

2. Disposal of water planking and Manually two skilled and 1 Commence after
strutting four unskilled excavation

3. Blinding foundation Ditto two skilled and 2 Should be

four unskilled compacted to
fall

4. Foundation bed Ditto Two skilled and 3 Compaction

six unskilled should be done
by roller

5. Column base reinforcement Ditto Four skilled and 1 Placed with

four unskilled column then
starter bars

6. Column reinforcement Ditto Two skilled and 2 Work should be

six unskilled inspected
by structural

7. Formwork column S.S.W fwk including Two capenters and 2 Formwork

striking and six unskilled to support
apply mould erection
oil manually of column

8. Hardcore filling/BRC/DPM Use 200mm thick Dumat rao 3 Compaction

stones compactor two should be done
skilled and four
unskilled

9. Ground floor slab Two mixers Two 3 Mixers to

operators, two be
skilled and manned by
skillrd workers
four unskilled

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10. Formwork to slab side S.S.W and apply Two skilled and 2
mould oil manually eight unskilled

11. Backfilling to foundation footing Manually Four unskilled 2 Done immediately

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12. Ground floor block work Machinery and Ten unskilled, 4
manually two operators
and one tilting
drum mixer

Appendix

1. A.b –as before

2. Cone –concrete

3. Fwk –formwork

4. Ssw –soft sawn wood

5. o/p –overheads and profits

6. exc –excavation

7. fdn –foundation

8. B.S code-British code

9. B.S-Back site

10. H.O.I-Height of instrument

11. AST-Area os steel

12. PI-Plastic index

13. PL-Plastic limit

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