N 2) ® Important Terms —_—$—$— $= —_$—$———— * Lagoon : A shallow area of salt or brackish coastal water completely or partly separated from the open sea by some more or less effective obstacles. Terai zone : It is a zone next to the bhabar which is wet and marshy. It hes a thick forest cover and a variety of wildlife. Bhangar : The older alluvium of the Northem plain is called the bhangar. Khadar : The younger alluvium of the flood plains are known as the khadar ‘An Escarpment : An escarpment refers to a walllike steep slope of a ridge, forming a long bbarser rising above the surrounding land. Coral polyps : Coral polyps are short-lived microscopic organisms which live in colonies, Delta : It is a tiangular deposition of sediments at the mouth of a river. The river becomes slow w= OBJECTIVE TYP! (1 Mark Multiple Choice Questions : Select the Correct Answer from the given options. The northem plain is formed due to : (o) Igneous and metamorphic rocks (b) Alluvial deposits (c) Volcanic eruption {a) Plate tectonic movements (b) Which is the northernmost range of the great Himalayas ? . (a) Himadri (6) Himachal (c) Shiwalk (d) Purvanchal (0) (A) an Physical Features of India at the mouth of the sea, so mud and silt settle down and form the delta. Deltas are fertile land. Estuary : It is a narrow deep valley at the mouth of a river, where currents or tides are strong ot the current of the river itself is swift, ‘Tributary : A tributary is that rivet which joins the main river, and increases the volume of water. Distributary : A distibutary is that river which orighates from a main river. It is formed near the river’s mouth before it falls into the sea. Gorge : The steep-sided narrow and deep valley of a river formed in its upper course is termed as 2 Gorge or a Canyon. “ A Rift Valley : A valley formed as a result of the subsidence (sinking) of the land mass between two blocks due to faulting. Sand dune : A mound ridge or low hill of loose, windblown sand. E QUESTIONS = Each) 3. Which is the highest peak of India ? (o) Mt. Everest (b) Kanchenjunga (c) Makalu (d) Dhaulgiri Ans. (b) Which is the outermost range of Himalayas? (a) Shiwalik (b) Himadri (c) Makal (4) Dhaulgiti (a) Which of the following plateau lies in the south of river Narmada ? (a) Deccan Plateau (b) Chhota Nagpur Plateauas. or. as. a8. Ans. 10. aut. SERGREEN seta Sod SHEP nnn (c) Malwa Plateau (d) Central Plateau . (2) Name the Himalayan range ly Himadsi andShivalike, =. "@between Himachal or lesser Himalaya, Inwhich state Garo, Khasi and Jt arelocated? sintia hille Meghalaya. Where are the Lakshadweep Islands situated? In the Arabian Sea, ‘Aland mass bounded by sea on three sidesis referred toas (a) Coast (cl Peninsula (c) Mountain ranges in the easter part of India formihg its boundary with Myanmar are (b) Island (d) None of the three collectively called as {) Himachal (b) Himalaya (c) Purvanchal (d) None of the three (a The western coastal strip, south of Goa is referred to as (a) Coromandal {b) Konkan (c) Kannad (d) Northem Cicar (b) . The highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is (a) Anaimudi (c) Mahendragiti (d Whatis the ‘bhabar’ ? The zone of soil which spreads along the ‘Shiwalik foothills. The soil in the region is coarse with lots of pebbles. Name the three major divisions of the Himalayas from the north to the south. (a) The Himadri (b) The Himachal (¢) The Shiwalik (b) Kanchenjunga (4) Khasi Q.15. Which plateau lies between the Aravalli and the Vindhyan ranges? ‘Ans. The Malwa Plateau. 0.16. Name the island group of India having a coral origin. ‘Ans. The Lakshadweep Islands. (8) Assertion & Reasoning Based Questions : For question numbers 1 to 4 two statements are siven - one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (i), (ii), (ii) and (jv) as given below : () Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the assertion. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion. Ais true but R is false. Ais false but R is true. Assertion : The Northem plain is agriculturally a productive part of India. Reason: It has a rich soil cover combined with adequate water and favourable climate. ‘Ans. () Assertion : The Wester Ghats are lower than Eastem Ghats Reason: The highest peaks of the Western Ghats include the Anat Mudi (2,695 mts.) and the Doda Betta (2,837 m). c) in (iv) aa, Ans. (iv) 3, Assertion : India is a vast county with varied land forms, Reason: It has practically all major physical features of the earth i.e. mountains, plains, deserts, plateau and islands. Ans. (i) i. Q4, Assertion : The diverse physical features of the land in India, have immense future possibilities of development. Reason: The mountains.the plains,the plateaus and the coasts are storehouse of rich and diverse natural resources. Ans. (i)(C) Arrange the following in correct a2. Qn (0) an. Ans. sequence : Arrange the following Himalayan ranges from North to South. (0 Shiwaliks (i) Himadri (itt) Himachal ti, (9) Arrange the following peaks as per their height. @ Kanchanjunga (i) Mt Everest (ii) Nanda Devi Ui), (i), (i) Arrange the following ranges from North to South. ( Satpura range (i) Shiwalik range (if) Vindhya range i, Gi), () Match the following items in column A with those in column B and choose the correct answer from the options given below : Column A (i) Table land composed of the old crystalline, igneous and | metamorphic rocks. (ii) Triangular landmass that lies to the south | of the river) Narmada, (ii) An extension of the Deccan plateau visible in the northeast (b) Bhangar (c) Terai ba terete | (A) (i) ~(a) (i) =(a) (ii) ~ (b) (B) (i)=(e) (ii) (a) (iii) -(b) (C) (i) ~ (6) {il)~(e)_ (ii) ~(o} oO Column A [Column B (0) Karbi-Anglong {) The largest part ofthe Plateau northem plain above the floed plain of the rivers. (i Wet, swampy and |(p) The Peninsular! marshy region of] Plajcau northem plain {ii) Newer, Younger {c] The Deccan deposis of the lood | Prateau plains. (A) (ila) (i) (o) (it) - (0) (B) (i ~[b) (i)—() (i -(@) (©) (=o) (i) =(a) i ~(b) Ans. (8) (E) Correct the following statements and rewrite ‘The Peninsular Plateau has been formed by the interplay of the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra along with their tributaries. The norhern plain has been formed by the interplay of the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra along with their tributaries. Western Ghats are lower than the Eastern Ghats Western Ghats are higher than the Eastern Ghats. Peninsular plateau is known for laterite soll. . Peninsular plateau is known for Black soil. |. Lake Chilika is an important feature along the Western coast. Lake Clilika is an important feature along the Easiem coas. Fill in the Blanks : aa. (F) |. The Indian desert lies towards the western margin of the Aravali hills. island is the administrative headquarters of Lakshadweep. Kavaratti Island group of India has of climate. ‘Ans. Equatorel a3. s»EVERGREEN Self-Study in Social Science-9The island group Iying close to the 04 alabar coast of Kerala is caitng The Lakshadweep. The largest salt water lake in India is the Read the information and write a single term : The younger alluvium of the flood plains, Khadar 0.2, It is a narrow deep valley at the mouth of a river, where currents or tides are strong or the current of the river itself is swift. ‘Ans. Estuary 0.3. Itis that river which joins the main river, and increases the volume of water. Ans. Tributary Q.4. The steep-sided narrow and deep valley of a river formed in its upper course. Ans. Gorge or Canyon Q.5, A mound ridge or low hill of loose, wind blown sand. Ans, Sand dune ™ Question Bank a Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 or 2 Marks each) —— Which is the northemmost Himalayas ? The Himadar Which is the outermost range of the Himalaya: ‘The Shiwalik. Why are the {fold mountains ? The Himalayas are not very old, they are of recent birth. So they are called the young fold ‘mountains. Which is the highest peak of India? Kanchenjunga (8,598 m). Which is the highest peak of the world ? Where is it situated ? Mount Everest (8848 m) located in Nepal is the highest peak in the world. Name the part of the Himalayas lying between Tista and Dihang rivers. Assam Himalayas. Which part of Himalayas is located between Kali and Satluj rivers ? Kumaon Himalayas. Which is the most important and longest mountain range of Himachal Himalaya ? ‘The Pir Panjal range forms the longest and the most important range. ge of the at. 02. ae ualayas called the young a4, as. as. az, 8, Ans, EVERGREEN Self-Study in Social Scence-9. as, a2, Ans. Name the Himalayan range lying between Himadri and Shiwaliks. [CBSE 2013] Himachal or lesser Himalaya, In which state Garo, Khasi and Jaintia hills are located ? ICBSE 2013] Meghalaya. What are duns made up of ? Give an ‘example of the duns. Duns are made up of gravel and alluvial soil ‘The Dehradun valley is an example of duns. Why are the Northern Plains primarily an agricultural belt ? : The Northem Plains have a thick soil cover composed of fine silt or alluvium brought down by the Himalayan rivers. 1. How is the northern plain divided on the basis of the differences in the relief ? 1. Bhabar 2. Terai 3. Bhangar 4. Khadar. Define distributary. [CBSE 2015} The rivers in their lower course split into numerous channels due to the deposition of silt. These channels are known as distributaries. For example, Hoogly, Meghna is a distributary of river Ganga.What is meant by doab ? ‘The land between two rivers is locally known as the doh What is the Terai Zone ? Its @ one next to the Bhabar zone which is Wet and marshy. It has a thick forest cover and vanety of wildlife. What is Bhangar? ‘The older alluwum soil of the northem plains 's called the Bhangar. What is Khadar ? ‘The younger alluvium of the flood plains is known as the Khadar. What is the local name of the Western Ghats in: () Maharashtra and Karnataka. (i) Along Kerala-Tamil Nadu border. (di) Tamil Nadu. ) Sahyadn (i) Anaimalai and Cardamom hills Nig 0.20. Which is the highest peak of the Deccan plateau ? Ans. The Anaimudi hill in Kerala. Ans. 0.21. Mention any two characteristics of y,, Aravalli Hills. (i) The Aravall Hills are eroded hills, (i) They extend from Gujarat to Delhi in southwest northeast direction. Define ‘barchan’. Itis crest shaped sand dune with cusps of the crescent pointing downward, By which name, the coastal plain is known asin: ( Northem part (i Souther part (i) Norther part - Norther Circar. (i) Southem part ~ Coromandal Coast What are coral polyps ? Coral polyps are short-lived microscopic organisms which live in colonies. Where are the Lakshadweep Islands situated ? [CBSE 1999} In the Arabian Sea. 7 Name the mountain range which bounds Central Highlands on the northwest. Aravali Hills. Ans. a2. 9.23. 24. 2s. 026, Ans. Short Answer Type Questions (3 or 4 Marks each) Q.1. State any three factors which are responsible for creating and modifying the relief to its present form. 1) Weathering (@) Erosion ) Deposition 1v) Geological activities like earthquake, volcanic eruption, etc Q2 Write three facts which prove that physiographic divisions of India are complementary to each other. . [CBSE 1999) Ans. or “Each physiographic region of India complements to other and makes the country richer in its natural resources.” Explain this statement with four examples. [CBSE 2010, 2011, 12] BB te or “The land of India displays great physical variations”, Justify by giving examples. or “The diverse physical features of India are of immense value’. Justify the statement by giving suitable examples. Ans. (i) The northem mountains are the major sources of water and forest wealth. (@) The northem plains are the granaries of the country. They provide the base for early civilisations. (ii) The plateau is a storehouse of minerals, which has played a crucial role in the industralisation of the country (iv) The coastal region and island groups provide sites for fishing and port activities. GREEN Self-Study in Socal Science?the land of India is characterised by a great diversity in its relief or physical features.’ Justify the statement. {iy In the north, there is a vast expanse of rugged terrain made of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. There is a seties of ‘mountain chains with lofty peaks, enclosed plateaus and narrow and deep valleys. (i) There is @ northern plain which is drained by the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. It is made up of alluvium soil 03. (ii) In the south, there is a Peninsular Plateau which is made-up of igneous and ‘metamorphic rocks (iv) India is bordered by coastal plans to its east | and west. 4. Write four points to explain the extent, length, width and height of the Himalayas. or Write any four features of the Himalayas. or | wte snort note om the Hnateon mountains. ICBSE Sept. 2010) ‘Ans. (i) The Himalayas extend from the Indus in the west to the Brahmaputra in the east (i The length of the Himalayas is about | 2,400 km. (i) Its width varies from 400 kam in the west to 150 km in the east (io) The height of the mountains in the eastem half is greater than that in the westem half. How are the Himalayas divided in the east-west direction ? | or Name the divisions of the Himalayas on the basis of regions from west to east and also write one main feature of each. ‘The Himalayas are divided into four sections in the east-west direction Fence er ty cS IE a ep (0 Punjab Himalayas : It includes area lying between the Indus and the Sutle} covering large parts of Jammu and Kashmir and parts of Himachal Pradesh. (i) Kumaon Himalayas : It includes the section between the Sutle} and the Kali (ip Nepal Himalayas : It includes the section between the Kali and the Tista. (io) Assam Himalayas : It includes the section ‘between the Tista and the Dihang. Q6. What is the ‘bhabar’ ? State its two Characteristics. ‘Ans. (i) It is a narrow belt covered with pebbles lying along the foot of the ‘Shiwaliks from the Indus to the Tista. (i) They are laid down by numerous streams descending down the hills. (ii) The pebbled beds are parallel to the slope of the river bed. (iv) This belt is about 8 to 16 km in width. Write about the main features of the Himachal. [CBSF Sept. 2010, 20111 ‘Ans. (i) They have an average height of around 3.700 m to 4,500 m above the sea level, and extend over a width of 50 km. a7. (i) The ranges are mainly composed of highly compressed and altered rocks. (ii) AU the important ill stations such as Dalhousie, Dharamshala, Shimla, Mussoorie, Nainital and Darjeeling belong to this range. (iv) Pir Panjal, Dhaula Dhar and Mahabharat ranges are the most imporcant ranges. Q8. Write about the main features of the Shiwaliks. ICBSE Sept. 2011] (ij tts the outermost range of the Himalayas. (i) The average aktude of the Shiwalik range varies between 900 m and 1,100 m above jhe sea level. and extends over a width of ‘about 10-50 km. Ans. (it This range is made of unconsolidated‘material such as mud. silt and soft rocks and is prone to earthquakes and landslides. (io) Some narrow valleys are found between the ‘Shiwaliks and the Himachal. They are called ‘duns’. Dehradun, for example, is situated in one such valley. Q.8. What is a dun ? Give examples from the Himalayan region, A ‘dun’ is @ narrow longitudinal valley lying in ‘between the Shiwaliks and the lesser Himalayas. These are formed by the deposition of sediments. The Kashmir valley and the Kathmandu valley are examples of dun valleys. What is Purvanchal ? ‘Mountains along the eastern boundary of India are called the Purvanchal. These are of medium height. Some of the important mountains of the Purvanchal are : (i) The Patkai Bum and the Naga Hills in the north, (ii) The Mizo Hills in the south, (i) The Jaintia, the Khasi and the Garo hills from east to wes. Explain the formation of the Northern Plains. (i) The Himalayan uplift out of the Tethys sea and subsidence of the northem flank of the Peninsular Plateau resulted in the formation of a large basin. (i) In due course of time this depression, gradually got filled with deposition of sediments by the rivers flowing from the mountains in the north and the Peninsular Plateau in the south. (iti) A flat land of extensive alluvial deposits led to the formation of the northem plains of India. 212. With reference to corals, answer the following questions : () Where do they flourish ? (i) What are their three kinds? (ii) Give an example of the barrier reef kind of coral reefs. (io) What is the shape of the atolls? ES Ans. 210. or Write a short note on coral polyps, ‘Ans. () They fous in shallow, mudee and ween waters. (i) They are mainly of three kinds 1. Barrier reef 2. Fringing reef 3. Atolls. (it) The Great Barter Reef of Australia was the fist kind of coral reefs. (iv) Atolls are circular or horseshoe shaped, 0.13, Name two water bodies Iying on the east and west coast of India. Also name tuo valleys located in Himalayas and their importance. ‘Ans._ (i) The Bay of Bengal ies on the east coast, (i) The Arabian Sea lies on the west coast ‘Two valleys : (i) Kashmir valley (i) Kulu valley. Importance : (i) These valleys are known for their frult orchards. (i) They draw a large number of tourists every vyear from all over the world. India eams a lot of foreign exchange through them. 0.14. State any three differences between Himadri range:and Shiwalik range. Ans. Fiat Range [Shiva Range (0) Iti the innemost of) It is the outermost northernmost range | range of Himalayas of Himalayas, : (i) its average height is (i) Its height varies 6,000 metres. between 900 and 1100 metres. (iii) The core of this part |(ii) These ranges are of Himalayas is composed of uncon- composed of granite. solidated sediments | brought down by rivers from the main Himalayan ranges located farther north.Features : The tiver Indus and its tributaries form the westem part of the northern piain which is referred to as the Punjab plains. ‘The larger part of this plain ies in Pakistan. The Ganga plain extends between Ghaggar and Teesta rivers. It spreads over the states of North India; Haryana, Delhi, UD. Bihar, partly Jharkhand and Bengal The Brahmaputra plain particularly lies mainly in Assam. It forms the largest riverine isiands in the world. How did the northern plains come to existence ? Write two points briefly. Also mention two features of these plains. ICBSE 2000, Sept. 2012) () The northem plains have been formed by the interplay of the three major river systems, ie, the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. (ii) The northem plain is formed of the alluvial soil brought by these rivers. Features : © These plains are very fertile © Theze are densely populated. How would you divide the Norther plains on the basis of relief? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011, 2013) ‘Ans. () Bhabar : It is narrow belt covered with pebbles lying along the foot of the Shiwaliks from the Indus to the Tista. They-are laid down by numerous streams descending down the hills. The pebbled beds are parallel to the slope of the river bed. This belt is about 8 to 16 km in width, (i) Tarai = It is wet and marshy. It has a thick forest and a variety of wildlife. (ii) The Bhangar : It is composed of old alluvium. It is formed higher up in the plains at river terraces. It is less fertile as compared to Khadar. (iv) Khadar : It is composed of new alluvium, It is formed in the lower levels in the plains near the rivers. It is very fertile. a (a (ii) as. aa, Write any five major characteristics of | 5. Mitahern plains of India. the or | ibe the Northern Great plains a {CBSE Sept. 20101 | lains have been formed of alluvia | Ans. () Thess rive been depoited bythe iver | system, comprising the Ganga, the | Brahmaputra and the Indus and their tributaries. (i) These plains spread over an area of abou 7 lakh square kilometres. (ii Its 2 densely populated physiographic unit (iv) With a rich soil cover combined with | adequate water supply and favourable Glimate, itis agicutually a productive part | of India. {v) They are generally described as flat. | Qs, Mention any five features of the Peninsular plateau. ‘Ans. (i) It is a tableland composed of the old crystalline, igneous and metamorphic rocks, (i) It was formed due to the breaking and drifting of the Gondwanaland and thus, ‘making it a part of the oldest land mass. (ii) The plateau has broad and shallow valleys and rounded hills. (iv) The plateau consists of two broad divisions, namely, the Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau. (v} The plateau is a storehouse of minerals. Q7. Explain the formation of the Peninsular Plateau. ‘Ans. (i) The Peninsular Plateau is the oldest land mass of India. {i) It was formed due to the breaking and drifting of the Gondwanaland. (ii) Volcanoes have also played an important role in shaping the Plateau (iv) Weathering, erosion, and deposition have created and modified the relief to its present form. Q.8,. Explain five main features of the Great Peninsular Plateau of India. ICBSE 1998 (D)} or Describe the Peninsular Plateau of India. [CBSE Sept. 2010]Or Explain any three features of p, plateau. [CBSE Sept. 2011, 519" or 11, 2013) ich is the oldest I Wein its two broad divisions got Inter My three features of each, explain [CBSE ‘The Great Peninsular Plateau. ee ‘of the great plains and is the oldest aoe of India, It is triangular in shape. The om Narmada divides it into two paris or (i) The Central Highlands. (i) The Deccan Plateau, ‘e The Central Highlands is ies Gia wa neato ea @ It comprises the Malwa Plat plateau of Bundelkhand ay ey Chios Nagpur Plateau while the Wester Ghats extend to the west of the Deccan Plateau, CChartbal, Sind and Betwa are three important rivers which flow through the Central Highlands. The Deccan Plateau : tis 2 triangular fandiuss that es to the south of river Narmada. It is higher in the west and slopes gentiy eastwards. @ It is the largest unit of the Peninsular Plateau of India. + 9. Give a brief description of the Indian Desert. Or ° Describe the four features of the Indian desert. [CBSE Sept. 2010} ‘Ans, (i) It lies towards the western margin of the Aravalli Hills. (if) It is an undulating sandy plain covered with sand dunes. (iti) The region has harsh climate with little rainfall. liv) The Barchans cover larger areas but longitudinal dunes become more ‘prominent near the Indo-Pakistan border. {v) Luni is the only river in the region. a0. Ans. on, Ans. a2, Write a note on corals. ICBSE 1998 C, Sept. 2010] Or How are coral reefs formed ? Name two examples of coral reefs. ICBSE Sept. 2010, 2011) (i) Corals are small, sedentary marine animals with a calcareous homy skeleton. (i) These thrive in warm shallow water and grow into large colonies called coral reefs. (il) They secrete hard rock like substance. The coral secretion and their skeletons form coral deposits in the form of reels. (iv) They are mainly of three kinds reef, fringing reef and atolls. (0) The Great Barrier Reef of Australia and Lakshadweep Islands are a good example of the first kind of coral reefs Write any five facts about Lakshadweep Islands. [CBSE 2000] © These lie opposite to the coast of Kerala © They ate the product of very quiet work of the shortlived microscopic species-the coral polyps. They are 27 in number and about 17 islands are uninhabited. © The Kavaratti island is the capital of the Union lemtory of Lakshadweep. © It covers small area of 32 sq, km. Differentiate between the Lakshadweep Islands and the Andaman and Nicobar lands. ICBSE Sept. 2012] or Give a brief discription about two Island groups of India. [CBSE Sept. 2010} or group of islands is located in Arabian Sea ? Write any four features of these islands. [CBSE Sept. 2011, 12] barier (0 They are located in (@ They are located in “the Arabian Sea. the Boy of Bengal (i) They are located| (i) Theyare located far near the Indian) aueyfromthelndan coastline | consine (i) They are compara- | (i) They ae veryrch tively less scattered. | scattered. (w) They ere small. | (v) They are compa- raivelybige. ‘increen aDO13. Differentiate between Western Himalayas and Easter Himalayas. (CBSE Sept. 2010] Ans. Western Himalat (:) These are spread over | (i) These are spread over Jammu & Kashmir, Bengal, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh,| Bhutan and Uttarakhand and) Arunachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh. (w) The Western Him-| (i) These are of medium alayasare very high. | height. (it) The Indus and the_| (ii) The Brahmaputra is Sutle) are main rivers | the main river which which pass through) passes through these the Western Him-| and fallsinio the Bayof alayas and fall into the) Bengal Arabian Sea (iv) The average annual The average annual rainfall is less than| "”) jrejaic cote tay rainfall is more than 100 em. | 20cm. {v) Srinagar, Shimla, | (v) Darjeeling and Manali are the| “Shillong are the famous hill stations} famous hill stations found in the Westem| found in the Eastern Himalayas. Himalayas. (iv) The land islargely plain a tablelang orundulating,covered| composed of oly with fertile alluvial sols. The general slope of metamorphic rock land is very less. The terrain is very uneven. 45. Distinguish between a tributary and q distributary. Ans. Tributary Distributary 1 Ttisa stream / river which |1, It is a stream / river flows into a large stream /) which lows away from a river. large stream / river. 2, Itdecreases the volume 2. It increases the volume of water of the main stream) of water of the main I iver stream / river. 3. Itis generally found in the |3. Its generally found in ‘upper or the middle course | the lower course of the ofthe river. river 4. For example, river Yamuna |4, For example, Hooghly is, is a tributary of the| the distributary of the Ganga. | Sansa. Q.14. Distinguish between Northem plains and Peninsular plateau. [CBSE 2010} Ans. ‘The Northern Plains |The Peninsular Plateau (i) The Northern plain (i) The Peninsular plateau extends, south of the | covers the southern Himalayas, from | part of India. It is Punjab to the | roughly triangular in Brahmaputra valleyin | shape with its base in Assam, | thenorth and top in the south. (ii) It comprises three | (ii) Itcomprises mainly two drainage basins, viz, | divisions. The Central the Indus and the | Highlands cover its Ganga plains andthe | northern part. Its Brahmaputra valley. | southern part is the | Deccan plateat (ii) It has perennial rivers | (ii) It has rivers which are which are both | _ only rainfed. They are snowled and rainfed. | seasonal in character. Q.16. Distinguish between Central highlands and Deccan plateau on the basis of rivers that flow through hill ranges. ICBSE Sept. 2013] Central Highlands Deccan Plateau () TheCentral Highlands | (i) ‘The Deccan plateau is ‘are wider in the west| triangular land but narrower in the| mass. cast (i) The rivers draining this (ii) The rivers draining this region are the| —_ region are the Tapi, Chambal,theSind,the| the Krishna, the Betwa and the Ken, Godavari, the Kaveri. (ii) The hills lying in this | (ii) The hills lying in this region are the) region are the Vindhya range and) Mahadey, the Kaimur the Aravalli hills. | and the Maikal. EVERGREEN Self-Study in Social Science-9> 9.17. Compare the main features of the Western Coastal Plain and Eastern Coastal Plain. wr TE. sta ( The plain is located between the Western Ghat and the Arabian Sea coast, ‘Western (i) t's 2 narrow plain with an average width of about 64 kam (i) There are several lagoons expecially in the soulher part. (v) Kendla, Mumbai, Marmagao, Cochin ae the main ports (v) No big delta is formed. ' NCERT EXERCISE Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below. (i) A land mass bounded by sea on three sides is referred to as (a) Coast (©) Peninsula (b) Island (@) None of the three Ans. Peninsula (i) Mountain ranges in the eastem part of India forming its boundary with Myanmar are collectively called as (@) Himachal (6) Uttarakhand (©) Purvanchal (d) None of the above ‘Ans, Purvanchal ii) The western coastal strip, south of Goa is referred to as a. (a) Coromandal () Kannad ‘Ans. Konkan (io) The highest peak in the Eastem Ghats is (0) Anaimudi —_(b) Kanchenjunga (©) Mahendragiri (d) Khasi Ans. Mahendragiri Answer the following questions briefly. () What is the ‘bhabar’ ? ‘Ans, The zone of soil which spreads along the (b) Konkan (d) Northem Circar 02, EVERGREEN Self-Study in Socal Science-9. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011] ~ Eastern Coastal Plain (0 The pains ocated between the Eastern Ghats and the coast of Bay of Bengal (@ Itis comparatively broader plain with average width of around 80-100. (i) Very few lagoons are formed (uw) Twicorn, Chennai, Paradeep. Vshakhapatnam are the ‘major portson the eastem coast (0) Large deltas are formed a Shiwalik foothills. The soil in the region is coarse with lots of pebbles. (li) Name the three major divisions of the Himalayas from the north to the south. Ans. (a) The Himadri _(b) The Himachal (0) The Shiwalik (li) Which plateau lies between the Aravalli and the Vindhyan ranges ? ‘Ans. The Malwa Plateau. (jv) Name the island group of India having a coral origin. ‘Ans. The Lakshadweep Islands. Q3. Distinguish between () Khadar and Bhangar ICBSE Sept. 2010, 12] (i) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats. ICBSE Sept. 2010, 2011, 12] Ans. (1) Khadar Bhangar () isa newalluvium. (f) Itisanoldalluvium, {i) tt does net contain (i) Itcontains the kankar the kankar nodules. ‘nodules with calcium ‘carbonates. (i) eis very fertile. (i) Nistess fertile (ww) It is found in the (i) Itisfoundin the upper course of the iver, lower levels in the plains.(2) Western Ghats (They aw located on the west coast of W) They are located on the east coast India of India, (@ They areless wide. | (ii) They are much wide (0) They are unbroken. | (ii) They are broken by | small and. fast | flowing rivers. () The highest peak is| (iv) The highest peak is the Anaimudi the Mahendregis. (e) They are the source | (v) No major rivers of rivers like) originate from the Godavan, Krishna,| Eastern Ghats. and Kaveri. Which are the major physiographic divisions of India ? Contrast the relief of the Himalayan region with that of the Peninsular Plateau. [lextbook Q.4] or Compare the relief of Himalayas with that of Peninsular Plateau.[CBSE Sept. 2010] (i) The Great Mountains of the North. (ii) The North Indian Plain. (it) The Peninsular Plateau. (iv) The Coastal Plains. (v) The Islands. Give an account of the Northern Plains of India. as Ans. as. Or Explain the major characteristics of the Norther Plains of India. [CBSE Sept. 2013] or Which three river systems form the Northern Plains ? Explain the diverse relief features of the Northern Plains. ICBSE Sept. 2011] ‘Ans. (f) Formation : The Norther Plain has been formed by the interplay of the three major river systems, namely — the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra along with their tributaries (i) Area covered : It spreads over an area of ¥ 7 lakh sq. km. The plain, bei 2400km_ Tong ‘and 240 to 320 km eye0o8t a densely populated physiographic division” | (iit) Economic Importance : With a rich soy cover combined with adequate water supp, and favourable climate it is agriculturally & very productive part of India. (iv) Division of Plain : The plain is broadly divided into three sections : (i) Punjab plains (ii) The Ganga plains (iii) The Brahmaputra plains. On the basis of the difference in the relief, the plain is divided into four sections: () Bhabar (i Tarai | (ii) Bhangar (iv) Khadar. Q.6. Write short notes on the following: (a) The Indian Desert [CBSE Sept. 2011] (b) The Central Highlands (c) The Island groups of India. ‘Ans. (a) The Indian Desert : (i) ties to the west of the Aravalli Range. (ii) It occupies a major part of the state of Rajasthan, and extends upto Sind in Pakistan as the Thar Desert. ‘The land is generally sandy and covered with sand soil. (iv) The region is dry with hardly any river. (v) Luni is the only river in this region. (b) For answer refer Q.No.16, Long Answer ‘Type Questions. (©) Lakshadweep Islands : These lie close to the Malabar coast of Kerala in the Arabian Sea. » These are composed of small coral islands. » These are small in size as compared to the | Andaman and Nicobar Islands. ‘Andaman and Nicobar Islands : » These are located in the Bay of Bengal. | » These are bigger in size, and are more numerous and scattered. » These islands are an elevated portion of the submarine mountains. ) JEVERGREEN Self-Study in Social Science-9aitie p formulating, Creating, Analysing and Evaluation Based 7 ain how the Himalayas act as farindia. (CBSE Sep zor (i) The Himalayas act like 2 natural wall that eops the fertile Indo-Gangetic plains fe from the cold, bleak winds from the neth, {@) The Himalayas cause the monsoon winds to shower the life giving rains onthe valleys and the plains to their south, li) These are the sources of important 1 a like the Ganga, the Indus, etc, poe (iu) The Himalayas are covered with thick forests which are the source of numerous raw materials. What is the importance of Northern plains ?.. ot: Ans: 02. Or Why is the Northern plain densely populated ? Give any three reasons. (i) With their fertile alluvial soils. flat surface, slow moving perennial rivers and favourable imate, the Great Plains of North India are of great economic and social significance. (i) The fertile soil and assured water resources have made these plains a rich agricultural land. These plains are the granaries of India. {ii The plains have a good network of roads and railways which has led to large-scale industrialisation of the region, (iv) As the region has sufficient employment opportunities, so the density of population is high. More than 50% of the total population of India lives in these plains. (v) The Northem Plains are the site where the ancient civilisation of Mohenjodaro and Harappa developed Ans. Bi Source /Extract /Case Based Integrated Questions ———— Read the extracts/sources carefully and answer the questions : EXTRACT ‘The land of India displays great physical variation. Geologically, the Peninsular Plateau constitutes one of the ancient landmasses on the cearth’s surface. It was supposed to be one of the most stable land blocks. The Himalayas and the Norther Plains are the most recent landforms. From the view point of geology, Himalayan mountains form an unstable zone. The whole mountain system of Himal represents a very youthful topography with high peaks, deep valleys and fast flowing rivers. The northern plains are formed of alluvial deposits. The peninsular plateau is composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks with gently rising hills and wide valleys. ( The land of India displays great physical variation. Justify by giving two examples. (i Out of Himalayas and the Peninsular plateau which is younger geologically ? EVERGREEN self-study in Social Science Ans, (i) (a) Inthe north, there is a vast expanse of rugged terrain made of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. There is a series of mountain chains with lofty peaks, enclosed plateaus and narrow and deep valleys. {b) There is a northern plain which is drained by the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. It is made up of alluvium soi (i) The Himalayas the whole mountain system of Himalayas represents a very youthful topography with high peaks, deep valleys and fast flowing rivers. EXTRACT : 2 It is’ a tableland composed of the old crystallinie, igneous and metamorphic rocks. It was formed due to the breaking and drifting of the Gondwana land and thus, making it a part of the oldest landmass. The plateau has broad and shallow valleys and rounded hills. This plateau consists of two broad divisions, namely, the Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau.