WALL DESIGN-1

Dr.
Hiten J Shah
Chartered Structural engineer
Balanced Design factors for M25 grade concrete and HYSD reinforcement of grade Fe 415.
Permissible stresses in concrete (Uncracked sections) for Conc. M25
Direct tension sct = 1.3 N/mm2

Tension due to bending scbt = 1.8 N/mm2
Compression due to bending scbc = 8.5 N/mm2
Shear stress V/(bjd) = 1.9 N/mm2
Cracked section
scbc sst k j Q pt,bal
(a) Member less than 225 mm 8.5 150 0.384 0.872 1.423 1.08
(b) Member more than 225 mm thick 8.5 190 0.329 0.89 1.244 0.736
Uncracked Section
d/D Q bal pt,bal
(a) Member less than 225 mm 0.75 0.311 0.300

0.80 0.314 0.287
0.85 0.317 0.268
0.90 0.320 0.258
0.95 0.322 0.241
(b) Member more than 225 mm thick

0.75 0.309 0.235
0.80 0.310 0.220
0.85 0.313 0.210
0.90 - -
0.95 - -
ESR 40 000 Litres x 12 m

Kothiya
DESIGN OF SLAB
Wall width/length = L = 2.41 m Clear cover = 40 mm
Wall height = H = 2.18 m Width of section b = 1000 mm
Wall thickness at TOP = twt = 130 mm Min steel % = 0.24
Wall thickness at BOT = twb = 130 mm Steel Grade = 500 N/mm2
Vertical Corner Haunch size = Hw= 150 mm m= 11.31
Permissible stress in concrete =σcbc = 13.00 N/mm2
Concrete Grade = M - 50 N/mm2
Ec = 35355.34
Es = 200000
LOAD CASE NO 15 1.5 ( DL + LL + SP)

Moment M ( kN m ) tension T (N/mm2)
Description
From Staad Plat No From Staad Plat No
horizontal moment at outer
face at center 4.998 251 0.07 251
tension T e Dprovided d efff for E Design

+ indicate Eccentricity reinforceme =e- unfactored
tension T tension =M/T nt deff+D/2 Moment
Moment M(from
Description (N/mm2) calculation
)From STAAD
From STAAD
kN-mt/mt N/mm2 KN/rmt m mm mm mm kN/m

face at center 4.998 0.07 9.62 0.52 130.00 85.00 499.54 4.81
min Area
Description Area of steel Area of steel Total Area of steel
Factored Factored Width of slab
(mm2) for (mm2) for of steel per
Moment (kN m) tension (kN ) (mm)
moment tension (mm2) face(mm2
)
face at center 7.21 14.43 1000.00 199.74 33.95 233.70 156.00
Provided Area of Steel (mm2)

Description Pro. Area of
D1 D2 Ave spacing Remark
steel (mm2)
Dia. spac Dia. spac
face at center 10 230 0 230 230.00 341.30 OK
Crack Width in Mature Concrete (moment)

Description
acr (mm) Raw x (mm) fs(N/mm2) Permissible e1 - e2 w (mm) Permissible
face at center 118.49 0.00 22.05 181.33 < 400 0.00 0.09 < 0.1
Crack Width in Mature Concrete (Tension)

Description
acr (mm) fs(N/mm2) Permissible fc(N/mm2) Permissible e1 - e2 w (mm) Permissible
face at center 118.49 28.19 < 400 0.07 < 22.5 0.00 -0.40 < 0.1
DESIGN OF SLAB
Ec = 35355.34
Es = 200000
LOAD CASE NO 15 1.5 ( DL + LL + SP )

Description
face at center 5.55 6 0.23 6

Moment M(from
)From STAAD
From STAAD

face at center 5.55 0.23 29.51 0.19 130.00 85.00 167.90 4.95
min Area
)
face at center 7.43 44.27 1000.00 206.10 104.15 310.26 156.00

steel (mm2)
Dia. spac Dia. spac
face at center 10 210 0 210 210.00 373.81 OK

Description
face at center 109.24 0.00 22.92 171.34 < 400 0.00 0.09 < 0.1

Description
face at center 109.24 78.94 < 400 0.23 < 22.5 0.00 -0.25 < 0.1
DESIGN OF SLAB
Ec = 35355.34
Es = 200000

Description
face at center 4.998 251 0.07 251

Moment M(from
)From STAAD
From STAAD

face at center 4.998 0.07 9.62 0.52 130.00 85.00 499.54 4.81
min Area
)
face at center 7.21 14.43 1000.00 199.74 33.95 233.70 156.00

steel (mm2)
Dia. spac Dia. spac
face at center 10 230 0 230 230.00 341.30 OK

Description
face at center 118.49 0.00 22.05 181.33 < 400 0.00 0.09 < 0.1

Description
face at center 118.49 28.19 < 400 0.07 < 22.5 0.00 -0.40 < 0.1
DESIGN OF SLAB
Ec = 35355.34
Es = 200000

Description
face at center 5.55 6 0.23 6

Moment M(from
)From STAAD
From STAAD

face at center 5.55 0.23 29.51 0.19 130.00 85.00 167.90 4.95
min Area
)
face at center 7.43 44.27 1000.00 206.10 104.15 310.26 156.00

steel (mm2)
Dia. spac Dia. spac
face at center 10 210 0 210 210.00 373.81 OK

Description
face at center 109.24 0.00 22.92 171.34 < 400 0.00 0.09 < 0.1

Description
face at center 109.24 78.94 < 400 0.23 < 22.5 0.00 -0.25 < 0.1
DESIGN OF SLAB
Ec = 35355.34
Es = 200000
LOAD CASE NO 16 1.5 ( DL + LL + WP)

Description
face at center 3.158 513 0.07 513

Moment M(from
)From STAAD
From STAAD

face at center 3.158 0.07 10.20 0.31 150.00 121.00 263.61 2.69
min Area
)
face at center 4.03 15.30 1000.00 77.16 36.00 113.16 180.00

steel (mm2)
Dia. spac Dia. spac
face at center 8 275 0 275 275.00 182.69 OK

Description
face at center 136.52 0.00 20.39 128.87 < 400 0.00 -0.10 < 0.1

Description
face at center 136.52 55.83 < 400 0.07 < 22.5 0.00 -1.01 < 0.1
DESIGN OF SLAB
Ec = 35355.34
Es = 200000
LOAD CASE NO 16 1.5 ( DL + LL + WP)

Description
face at center 2.195 497 0.373 497

Moment M(from
)From STAAD
From STAAD

face at center 2.195 0.373 67.14 0.03 180.00 125.00 -2.31 2.20
min Area
)
face at center 3.29 100.71 1000.00 60.88 236.96 297.84 216.00

steel (mm2)
Dia. spac Dia. spac
face at center 10 250 0 250 250.00 314.00 OK

Description
face at center 131.57 0.00 26.46 60.17 < 400 0.00 -0.15 < 0.1

Description
face at center 131.57 213.82 < 400 0.37 < 22.5 0.00 -0.33 < 0.1
#REF! #REF!
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#REF! #REF! Revision: #REF!
#REF! #REF! Date: #REF!
#REF! #REF! Chapter: 3
(Wall - 1) Case: Soil outside no water inside
Concrete Grade = M - 50
Ec = 35355.34
Es = 200000
LOAD CASE NO 10 ----

Description Moment (W/O WT) ( kN m ) Moment (With WT) ( kN m )
horizontal moment at water
face at center 5.50 3479 0.00 0
horizontal moment at
junction outer face 22.50 3599 0.00 0
Vertical moment at water

face at centre 17.50 3239 0.00 0
Vertical moment at support

outer face 48.00 3233 0.00 8
#REF! #REF!
#REF! #REF!
#REF! #REF!
#REF! #REF!
Moment (Soil Moment (Soil min Area of

Desing
Description W/O WT) With WT) Dprovided d efff Ast req steel per
Moment
From STAAD From STAAD face(mm2)
kN-mt/mt KN/rmt mm mm mm2 mm2 mm2

horizontal moment at water face at center 5.50 0.00 440.00 395.00 8.25 48.10 528.00
horizontal moment at junction outer face 22.50 0.00 440.00 395.00 33.75 197.51 528.00
Vertical moment at water face at centre 17.50 0.00 440.00 385.00 26.25 157.46 528.00
Vertical moment at support outer face 48.00 0.00 650.00 595.00 72.00 279.63 780.00
Provided Area of Steel (mm2) Ave spacing Pro. Area oRemark

Description
D1 D2
Dia. spac Dia. spac
horizontal moment at water face at center 16 200 0 200 200.00 1004.80 OK
horizontal moment at junction outer face 16 200 0 200 200.00 1004.80 OK
Vertical moment at water face at centre 16 200 0 200 200.00 1004.80 OK
Vertical moment at support outer face 16 200 12 200 200.00 1570.00 OK

#REF! #REF!
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#REF! #REF!

Description
horizontal moment at water 102.92 0.0025 84.08 14.92 < 400 -0.0006 -0.13 < 0.2
face at center
horizontal moment at 102.92 0.0025 84.08 61.02 < 400 -0.0003 -0.07 < 0.2
junction outer face
Vertical moment at water 102.92 0.0026 82.88 48.73 < 400 -0.0004 -0.09 < 0.2
face at centre
Vertical moment at support 102.92 0.0026 128.71 55.38 < 400 -0.0003 -0.08 < 0.2
outer face
#REF! #REF!
#REF! #REF!
#REF! #REF!
#REF! #REF!
#REF! #REF!
DESIGN OF WALL OF FILTER BED (Wall - 1) Case: Soil outside no water inside
Wall thickness at TOP = twt = 130 mm q= #REF! for uncrack section
Wall thickness at BOT = twb = 130 mm Direct Tension t = #REF! N/mm2
Vertical Corner Haunch size = Hw= 150 mm Tension due to bending 6ct= #REF! N/mm2
Permissible stress in concrete =σcbc = 13.00 N/mm2 Min steel % = 0.24
Permissible stress in steel in bending and
direct for uncracked section = σst =
#REF! N/mm2
Concrete Grade = M - 50
Design for Member subject to tension and bending as per Tor steel handbook for uncrack section
e Depth required Dprovided d efff for E Tmom(Area T1 mom T2 other
Eccentricity =D=T/ reinforce =e-deff+D/2 of steel for side(Area of side(Area of
Moment Moment =M/T 2tb+SQRT((T/ ment Moment on steel for steel for
Sr no Description M(Soil W/O M(Soil With 2tb)^2+6M/ calculatio tension face) tension on tension on
WT) WT) 6ctb)*0.95 n tension opp face)
face)
kN-mt/mt KN/rmt m mm mm mm mm mm2 mm2 mm2

1 horizontal moment at water face 2.50 0.00 #REF! 130.00 85.00 #REF! 0.00 0.00
at center
2 horizontal moment at junction 4.85 0.00 0.00 #REF! 280.00 235.00 0.00 #REF! 0.00 0.00
outer face
3 Vertical moment at water face at 1.65 0.00 0.00 #REF! 130.00 75.00 0.00 #REF! 0.00 0.00
centre
4 Vertical moment at water face at 1.52 0.00 0.00 #REF! 130.00 75.00 0.00 #REF! 0.00 0.00
side wall junction
5 Vertical moment at support outer 2.09 0.00 0.00 #REF! 280.00 225.00 0.00 #REF! 0.00 0.00
face
#REF! #REF!
#REF! #REF!
#REF! #REF!
#REF! #REF!
#REF! #REF!
Sample calculation of 1 above

Moment M = 2.50 kN.m
tension T = 0.00 kN
eccentricity/T = 0.00 m
Dreq= #REF! m = [(T/2tb+SQRT((T/2tb)^2+6M/6ctb))*0.95] Design of water retaining structure with tor steel" cl no 3 pg no 7
provided D= 130.00 mm
E = 0.00 mm = E=(e-deff+D/2), if E< 0 I e Tensile force is large, if E >0 I e Tensile force is small
Tensile steel req = #REF! mm2 =(TxE/(0.87x(d-cover)x6st))+ T/6st)
if E<0 than T1 == 0.00 mm2 =((D1-D/2 +e)/(2D1-D)) x T, steel req on TENSION FACE
T2 == 0.00 mm2 =((D1-D/2 -e)/(2D1-D)) x T, steel req on COMPRESSION FACE
CROSS CHK
Calculated direct stress = T/A = 0.000 N/mm2
calculated bending stress = Mx6/(bxDxD) 0.888 N/mm2
Sum of ratio of cal stress to per stress for direct and bending in concrete= #REF! <1 Hence OK
min steel req for thk = 0.13 m

%min steel req = 0.240 % of c/s
min steel req = 312.00 mm2/mrt on both directions
steel required in sq mm
Steel provision in wall Centre of wall quarter centre of wall Junction of wall
outer face inner face outer face inner face outer face inner face
Horizontal #REF! 156.00 #REF! 156.00 156.00 #REF!
vertical #REF! 156.00 #REF! 156.00 156.00 #REF!
#REF! #REF!
#REF! #REF!
#REF! #REF!
#REF! #REF!
#REF! #REF!
c/c spacing
Bar provision bar dia mm mms steel provided
Horizontal water face 10 mm 200 392.70
centre 0 mm 300 0.00 392.70 > #REF! #REF!
Horizontal outer face centre 10 mm 200 392.70

0 mm 0 0.00 392.70 > 156.00 ok
Horizontal water face 10 mm 200 392.70

junction 0 mm 0 0.00 392.70 > 156.00 ok
Horizontal outer face 10 mm 200 392.70

junction 0 mm 200 0.00 392.70 > #REF! #REF!
Vertical water face centre 10 mm 200 392.70

0 mm 300 0.00 392.70 > #REF! #REF!
Vertical water face side wall 10 mm 200 392.70

support 0 mm 300 0.00 392.70 > #REF! ok
vertical outer face centre 10 mm 200 392.70

0 mm 0 0.00 392.70 > 156.00 ok
vertical water face junction 10 mm 200 392.70

0 mm 0 0.00 392.70 > 156.00 ok
vertical outer face junction 10 mm 200 392.70

0 mm 0 0.00 392.70 > #REF! #REF!
Appendix-3
DESIGN OF WALL OF FILTER BED (Wall - 1)
Walls is assumed to be HINGED at bottom and FREE at top
Wall width/length L= 3.80 m

Wall height H= 3.55 m
Wall thickness at TOP twt = 225 mm
Wall thickness at BOT twb = 225 mm
Vertical Corner Haunch size Hw= 150 mm
Water Depth 3.10 m
Permissible stress in concrete σcbc = 8.50 N/mm2
Permissible stress in steel in bending for 22.5 cm σst = 190 N/mm2
thk wall and outer face
Permissible stress in steel in bending and direct for 150 N/mm2
uncracked section
Concrete Grade M - 25
Permissible tensile stress in concrete in direct σct = 13 kg/sq cm
tension 1.30 N/mm2
j= 0.890
Q= 12.48 for crack section
3.2 for uncrack section
(from Table 2.4, page 15 of water retaining structure with Torsteel) and IS : 3370 (Part I) cl.6.1.1)
Wall is design for triangular load from Table 2 of IS 3370 P-15 1967 Top Free and Bottom Hinged
Vertical moment =Mxwa^3 a=Depth of water= 3.55 mts

Horizontal moment =Mywa^3 Wa^3== 44738.9 kg-mt
Width / length of wall = b = 3.800 mts
b/a = 1.070
+ve moment on water,face
-ve moment on away from water,
from table 2 for b/a = 1.07
coeff Max Vertical moment +ve= 0.015 Mv= 671.08 kg-mt at centre of wall
coeff Max Vertical moment +ve= 0.009 Mv= 402.65 kg-mt at quarter centre of wall
coeff Max Vertical moment -ve= -0.007 Mv= -313.17 kg-mt at junction of wall
coeff Max Horizontal moment +ve= 0.017 Mv= 760.56 kg-mt at centre of wall
coeff Max Horizontal moment +ve= 0.007 Mv= 313.17 kg-mt at quarter centre of wall
coeff Max Horizontal moment -ve= -0.036 Mv= -1610.60 kg-mt at junction of wall
Max. tension offered by wall - 4

Length / Width of wall = 5
Height of wall = 3.55
from table 8 for b/a = 1.41
Wa^2 = 12602.5 kg/mt-
coeff max for shear (tension)
At mid-point of fixed side edge 0.3165 Thor== 3988.69 kg/mt-
b/a = 1.41
At Lower third-point of side edge 0.3585 Tver top== 4518.00 kg/mt-

b/a = 1.41
At Lower quarter-point of side edge 0.3525 Tver bott== 4442.38 kg/mt-

b/a = 1.41
Reactions in Bottom slab are considering only vertical distribution

Total pressure, P = ½ x w x h^2 = 6301.25 kg/rmt
Reaction in Bottom slab, T2 = P x (2/3) = 4200.83333 kg/rmt >
Hence above value are taken as tension applied to bottom slab
Design of wall
Design for Member subject to tension and bending as per Tor steel handbook for uncrack section
("Design of water retaining structure with tor steel" cl no 3 pg no 7)
For Uncracked(thk<22.5 cms) For cracked(thk >=22.5 and away from water face)
Width of section b 100 cms t == 13 kg/sqcm t == 32.5 kg/sqcm
q .= 3.2 for uncrack section 6ct== 18 kg/sqcm 6ct== 32.5 kg/sqcm
12.48 for crack section
tensile stress 1500 kg/sq cm
1900 kg/sqcm for 22.5cm thk slab
GRADE m 250 cover 2.5 cm
Sr no Description Moment tension T e Depth required Dprovided d efff for E Tmom(Area T1 mom T2 other
M(from ) + indicate Eccentricity =D=T/ reinforcem =e- of steel for side(Area of side(Area of
tension =M/T 2tb+SQRT((T/ ent D1+D/ Moment on steel for steel for
2tb)^2+6M/ calculation 2 tension tension on tension on
Sigmactb)*0.9 face) tension face) compressio
5 n face)
Kg-mt/mt Kg/rmt cms cms cms cms cms Sqcm Sqcm Sqcm
1 horizontal moment at outer face 760.56 4518.00 16.83 11.94 22.50 20.00 8.08 3.48 0.00 0.00
at center
2 horizontal moment at support 1610.60 4518.00 35.65 23.72 37.50 35.00 19.40 3.89 0.00 0.00
water face
3 Vertical moment at outer face at 671.08 0.00 0.00 6.97 22.50 20.00 0.00 1.98 0.00 0.00
centre
3A Vertical moment at outer face at 402.65 0.00 0.00 5.40 22.50 20.00 0.00 1.19 0.00 0.00
quater centre
4 Vertical moment at support water 313.17 0.00 0.00 9.40 37.50 35.00 0.00 0.67 0.00 0.00
face
Sample calculation of 1 above
Moment M 760.56 kg-mt

tension T 4518.00 kg
eccentricity/T) 16.83 cms
Dreq (T/2tb+SQRT((T/2tb)^2+6M/sctb))*0.95
Design of water retaining structure with tor steel" cl no 3 pg no 7
Dreq == 11.94 cms provided D= 22.50 cms As depth provided >=22.5cms and Face away from water
Design as cracked section
E pera meter Define == e-D1+D/2 where e = eccentricity
D1 = provided effective depth of tensile reinforcement
D=over all depth
if E< 0 I e Tensile force is large
if E >0 I e Tensile force is small
IN this case E= 8.08 cms hence tensile force is small
hence tensile steel req = (TxE/(0.87x(d-cover)xsst))+ T/sst
== 3.48 sqcm
if E<0
than T1 == ((D1-D/2 +e)/(2D1-D)) x T steel req on TENSION FACE
END T2 == ((D1-D/2 -e)/(2D1-D)) x T steel req on COMPRESSION FACE
CROSS CHK
Calculated direct stress = T/A = 2.008 kg/sqcm
calculated bending stress = Mx6/(bxDxD) 9.014 kg/sqcm
Sum of ratio of cal stress to per stress for direct and bending in concrete= 0.339 <1 Hence OK
min steel req for thk 22.5 cms

%min steel req 0.211 % of c/s
min steel req 4.76 sqcm/mrt on both directions
Steel provision in wall

steel required in sq cm
Centre of wall quarter centre of wall Junction of wall
outer face inner face outer face inner face outer face inner face
Horizontal 3.48 2.38 3.48 2.38 2.38 3.89 sqcm
vertical 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.38 sqcm
Project : #REF!
Client: Gujarat Water Supply & Sewerage Board
Agency : L & T Construction Water & Renewable energy
Consultant: Manish V. Doshi, Rajkot
Location #REF! Revision: C
Designed by: DB Date: 16/10/14
Checked by: MVD Chapter: 3
Summary
c/c spacing Avg Spacing

Bar provision bar dia mm mms mm steel provided (mm2)
Horizontal outer face centre 10 210 374.00
0 210 210 0.00 374.00
Horizontal water face centre 16 200 1005.31

0 200 200 0.00 1005.31
Horizontal outer face junction 16 200 1005.31

0 200 200 0.00 1005.31
Horizontal water face junction #REF! #REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF! #REF! #REF! #REF!
Vertical outer face centre #REF! #REF! #REF!

vertical water face centre 16 200 1005.31

0 200 200 0.00 1005.31
vertical outer face junction 16 200 1005.31

12 200 200 565.49 1570.80
vertical water face junction #REF! #REF! #REF!


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Dr.

Permissible stresses in concrete (Uncracked sections) for Conc. M25

Direct tension sct = 1.3 N/mm2

d/D Q bal pt,bal

(a) Member less than 225 mm 0.75 0.311 0.300

(b) Member more than 225 mm thick

ESR 40 000 Litres x 12 m

LOAD CASE NO 15 1.5 ( DL + LL + SP)

tension T e Dprovided d efff for E Design

kN-mt/mt N/mm2 KN/rmt m mm mm mm kN/m

Provided Area of Steel (mm2)

Crack Width in Mature Concrete (moment)

Crack Width in Mature Concrete (Tension)

LOAD CASE NO 15 1.5 ( DL + LL + SP )

tension T e Dprovided d efff for E Design

kN-mt/mt N/mm2 KN/rmt m mm mm mm kN/m

Provided Area of Steel (mm2)

Crack Width in Mature Concrete (moment)

Crack Width in Mature Concrete (Tension)

LOAD CASE NO 15 1.5 ( DL + LL + SP )

tension T e Dprovided d efff for E Design

kN-mt/mt N/mm2 KN/rmt m mm mm mm kN/m

Provided Area of Steel (mm2)

Crack Width in Mature Concrete (moment)

Crack Width in Mature Concrete (Tension)

LOAD CASE NO 15 1.5 ( DL + LL + SP )

tension T e Dprovided d efff for E Design

kN-mt/mt N/mm2 KN/rmt m mm mm mm kN/m

Provided Area of Steel (mm2)

Crack Width in Mature Concrete (moment)

Crack Width in Mature Concrete (Tension)

LOAD CASE NO 16 1.5 ( DL + LL + WP)

tension T e Dprovided d efff for E Design

kN-mt/mt N/mm2 KN/rmt m mm mm mm kN/m

Provided Area of Steel (mm2)

Crack Width in Mature Concrete (moment)

Crack Width in Mature Concrete (Tension)

LOAD CASE NO 16 1.5 ( DL + LL + WP)

tension T e Dprovided d efff for E Design

kN-mt/mt N/mm2 KN/rmt m mm mm mm kN/m

Provided Area of Steel (mm2)

Crack Width in Mature Concrete (moment)

Crack Width in Mature Concrete (Tension)

LOAD CASE NO 10 ----

Vertical moment at water

Vertical moment at support

Moment (Soil Moment (Soil min Area of

kN-mt/mt KN/rmt mm mm mm2 mm2 mm2

Provided Area of Steel (mm2) Ave spacing Pro. Area oRemark

horizontal moment at junction outer face 16 200 0 200 200.00 1004.80 OK

Vertical moment at water face at centre 16 200 0 200 200.00 1004.80 OK

Vertical moment at support outer face 16 200 12 200 200.00 1570.00 OK

Crack Width in Mature Concrete (moment)

kN-mt/mt KN/rmt m mm mm mm mm mm2 mm2 mm2

Sample calculation of 1 above

min steel req for thk = 0.13 m

Horizontal outer face centre 10 mm 200 392.70

Horizontal water face 10 mm 200 392.70

Horizontal outer face 10 mm 200 392.70