Water Hammer Calculation

Joukowsky Equation
This is simplified method used to calculate surge pressure

Δ𝑃 = 𝜌𝑎Δ𝑣
𝐾
𝑎=
𝐷𝐾
𝜌 1+ 𝜓
𝑒𝐸

Case 1: Pipe anchored at upsteam end only

1 5 𝑒 𝑒
𝜓= 𝑒 × 4 − 𝑢 +2𝐷 1 + 𝑢 1+
1+ 𝐷
𝐷

Case 2: Pipe anchored against any axial movement

1 2
𝑒 𝑒
𝜓= 𝑒 × 1 − 𝑢 + 2𝐷 1 +𝑢 1+
1+𝐷 𝐷

Case 3: Case 2 plus longitudinal expansion joint along the pipeline

1 𝑒 𝑒
𝜓= 𝑒 × 1 +2𝐷 1 + 𝑢 1+
1+𝐷 𝐷

Typical Value of Modulus Young (E) and Poisson Ratio (u)

Material E, GPa u
Steel 207 0,3
Copper 110 0,36
Bronze 100 0,34
Asbestos cement 23 0,3
Fiberglass reinforced 9 0,22
PVC 2,8 0,45
Polyrthylene 0,8 0,46
Report

Project XYZ
Date 10/03/2024
Revision 1
Developer Abdul Quddus Al Kahfi

Input Data
Pipe Data
Pipe length, L 3000 m
Pipe inside diameter, D 300 mm
Pipe thickness, e 7,55 mm
Pipe poisson ratio, u 0,3
Pipe young modulus, E 207,7 GPa

Liquid Data
Liquid bulk modulus of elasticity, K 2,07 GPa
3
Liquid density, ρ 1000 kg/m
3
Flowrate, Q 0,2 m /s

Result
Fluid velocity, v 2,829421211 m/s
Factor ψ
Case 1 0,992111922
Case 2 0,953093876
Case 3 1,040884479
Wave velocity, a
Case 1 1219,065572 m/s
Case 2 1225,884032 m/s
Case 3 1210,700371 m/s
Surge pressure, ΔP
Case 1 3449,249986 kPa
Case 2 3468,542282 kPa
Case 3 3425,581309 kPa
Sudden valve time closure, tc
Case 1 max 4,92180251690246 s
Case 2 max 4,89442707651453 s
Case 3 max 4,95580916959818 s
Simulation with Python

Result