Q) DiIIerence between NO DATA FOUND and NOTFOUND

A) NO DATA FOUND is an exception which is raised when either an implicit query returns no
data, or you attempt to reIerence a row in the PL/SQL table which is not yet deIined.
SQLNOTFOUND, is a BOOLEAN attribute indicating whether the recent SQL statement does
not match to any row.
Q) What are cursor attributes?
A) Cursor attributes are used to get the inIormation about the current status oI your cursor. Both
explicit and implicit cursors have Iour attributes, as shown:
Name Description
FOUND Returns TRUE iI record was Ietched successIully, FALSE otherwise.
NOTFOUND Returns TRUE iI record was not Ietched successIully, FALSE otherwise.
ROWCOUNT Returns number oI records Ietched Irom cursor at that point in time.
ISOPEN Returns TRUE iI cursor is open, FALSE otherwise.
Q) What is a pseudo column. Give some examples?
A) InIormation such as row numbers and row descriptions are automatically stored by Oracle
and is directly accessible, ie. not through tables. This inIormation is contained within pseudo
columns. These pseudo columns can be retrieved in queries. These pseudo columns can be
included in queries which select data Irom tables.
Available Pseudo Columns
, ROWNUM - row number. Order number in which a row value is retrieved.
, ROWID - physical row (memory or disk address) location, ie. unique row identiIication.
, SYSDATE - system or today`s date.
, UID - user identiIication number indicating the current user.
, USER - name oI currently logged in user.
Q) Which data type is used Ior storing graphics and images?
A) Raw, Long Raw, and BLOB
Q) What is diIIerence between Rename and Alias?
A) Rename is actually changing the name oI an object whereas Alias is giving another name
(additional name) to an existing object.
Q)What is the diIIerence between Hot Backup and Cold Backup?
A) Backup means, to store the data in some other location, so can be retrieved, during an outage
or whenever necessary. Hotback can be done, without shutting down Oracle instance and will
include all the dataIiles as well as all the archive logs Iiles (generated during the Oracle
operation).
Whereas during Coldback, we need to shutdown Oracle instance and then need to take backup oI
oracle data Iiles.
Q) What is a OUTER JOIN?
A) used to retrieve all rows Irom table1 even iI join condition is not satisIied.But only matching
rows Irom table2
Q- what is view ?
A- view is a logical representation oI a table or more then one table
view does`t create any memory and it is Iaster to access complex data
Q-What is a precompiler
A- A precompiler is a tool that allows programmers to embed SQL statements in high-level
source programs like C, C, COBOL, etc. The precompiler accepts the source program as
input, translates the embedded SQL statements into standard Oracle runtime library calls, and
generates a modiIied source program that one can compile, link, and execute in the usual way.
Examples are the Pro*C Precompiler Ior C, Pro*Cobol Ior Cobol, SQLJ Ior Java etc. (Good
luck)
Q) What is OCI. What are its uses?
A) OCI is Oracle Call InterIace. When applications developers demand the most powerIul
interIace to the Oracle Database Server, they call upon the Oracle Call InterIace (OCI). OCI
provides the most comprehensive access to all oI the Oracle Database Iunctionality. The newest
perIormance, scalability, and security Ieatures appear Iirst in the OCI API. II you write
applications Ior the Oracle Database, you likely already depend on OCI. The Oracle Call
InterIace (OCI) is a set oI low-level APIs (Application Programming InterIace Calls) used to
interact with Oracle databases. It allows one to use operations like logon, execute, parse, Ietch,
etc. OCI programs are normally written in C or C, although they can be written in almost any
programing language.
Q) What is an UTLFILE.What are diIIerent procedures and Iunctions associated with it?
A) UTLFILE is a package you use Ior reading/writing a Iile located on an Oracle server. It
cannot be used to access Iiles locally, that is on the computer where the client is running.
Q) DiIIerence between database triggers and Iorm triggers?
A) Database triggers are Iired whenever any database action like INSERT, UPATE, DELETE,
LOGON LOGOFF etc occurs. Form triggers on the other hand are Iired in response to any event
that takes place while working with the Iorms, say like navigating Irom one Iield to another or
one block to another and so on.
Q) What is syntax Ior dropping a procedure and a Iunction? Are these operations possible?
A) Drop Procedure/Function ; yes, iI they are standalone procedures or Iunctions. II they are a
part oI a package then one have to remove it Irom the package deIinition and body and recompile
the package.
Q) What is diIIerence between a Iormal and an actual parameter?
A) The Iormal parameters are the names that are declared in the parameter list oI the header oI a
module. The actual parameters are the values or expressions placed in the parameter list oI the
actual call to the module.
Q) What are diIIerent modes oI parameters used in Iunctions and procedures?
A) There are three diIIerent modes oI parameters: IN, OUT, and IN OUT.
Q) Can cursor variables be stored in PL/SQL tables. II yes how. II not why?
A) Yes. Create a cursor type - REF CURSOR and declare a cursor variable oI that type.
Q) How do you pass cursor variables in PL/SQL?
A) Pass a cursor variable as an argument to a procedure or Iunction. You can, in essence, share
the results oI a cursor by passing the reIerence to that result set.