'MINOR PROJECT ON LIQUID LEVEL SENSOR'

"SYNOPSIS"

SUBMITTED TO:
Mr. Monish Gupta Assistant Professor ECE Department

SUBMITTED BY:
Sachin Singla (2508077) Pawan Kanchi (2508133) Manish Kohli (2508135) Bharat Ratan (2508136)

UIET KUK

INTRODUCTION

1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an alarm, and more particularly to a liquid level alarm that detects a level of a liquid in a tank and alerts people when the liquid level exceeds a predicted limit. The liquid level alarm has a simple structure and a low cost. 2. Description of Related Art Tanks for storage of liquid such as water or oil are used usually with level alarms to warn people when liquid levels in the tanks exceed predetermined limits by sounding an audible alarm or radiating a visual alarm. Many types of alarms for detecting liquid levels have been developed and are now available. However, most of those alarms have a complicated structure and a high cost. 3. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main objective of the invention is to provide a liquid level alarm that detects a level of a liquid in a tank and alerts people when the liquid level exceeds a predetermined limit. The liquid level alarm has a simple structure and a low cost

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

OBJECTIVES

To warn people when liquid levels in the tanks exceed

predetermined limits by sounding an audible alarm or radiating a visual alarm. To gain the practical knowledge in making projects.
To study the working of each part and overall circuit.

LIST OF COMPONENTS

SNO
1

COMPONENTS

QUANTITY
2

BC547 Transistors

IC 555 Timer

9 Volt Battery

Voltage regulator

Resistors(1k,10k,12k,55k,100k,220k)

Capacitors(0.01uf,10uf,47uf )

Tank

Source Of Liquid

Speaker

OPERATION

Here is a simple circuit for liquid level alarm. It is built around two BC547 transistors (T1 and T2) and two timer 555 ICs (IC1 and IC2). Both IC1 and IC2 are wired in astable multivibrator mode. Timer IC1 produces low frequency, while timer IC2 produces high frequency. As a result, a beeping tone is generated when the liquid tank is full. Initially, when the tank is empty, transistor T1 does not conduct. Consequently, transistor T2 conducts and pin 4 of IC1 is low. This low voltage disables IC1 and it does not oscillate. The low output of IC1 disables IC2 and it does not oscillate. As a result, no sound is heard from the speaker. But when the tank gets filled up, transistor T1 conducts. Consequently, transistor T2 is cut off and pin 4 of IC1 becomes high. This high voltage enables IC1 and it oscillates to produce low frequencies at pin 3. This low-frequency output enables IC2 and it also oscillates to produce high frequencies. As a result, sound is produced from the speaker. Using preset VR1 you can control the volume of the sound from the speaker. The circuit can be powered from a 9V battery or from mains by using a 9V power adaptor. Assemble the circuit on a general purpose PCB and enclose in a suitable cabinet. Install two water-level probes using metal strips such that one touches the bottom of the tank and the other touches the maximum level of the water in the tank. Interconnect the sensor and the circuit using a flexible wire.

REFRANCES www.atmel.com www.seimens.com www.philipsemiconductors.com www.howstuffworks.com www.alldatasheets.com www.efyprojects.com www.thomson.com/learning www.google.com