Q1. What do you understand by Information processes data?

Ans:- Data are generally considered to be raw facts that have undefined uses and application; information is considered to be
processed data that influences choices, that is, data that have somehow been formatted, filtered, and summarized; and knowledge is considered to be an understanding derived from information distinctions among data, information, and knowledge may be derived from scientific terminology. The researcher collects data to test hypotheses; thus, data refer to unprocessed and unanalyzed numbers. When the data are analyzed, scientists talk about the information contained in the data and the knowledge acquired from their analyses. The confusion often extends to the information systems context, and the three terms maybe used interchangeably.

Q.2 Discuss the Components of an Organizational Information System

Ans :Software

Information technology includes computer software, hardware, database management systems, and data communication systems. How does the computer system at Department Store know how to process sales information? What tells the computer system at Federal Express how to record the arrival or departure of aircraft?

Computer software provides the instructions, in the form of computer code and its accompanying documentation, for processing data electronically. Systems software directs the functioning of the computer machinery. Applications software assists in the acquisition, processing, storage, retrieval, and communication of information. Software development tools such as computer languages and screen generators facilitate creating or modifying software to respond to an organizations information needs. Individuals and organizations can purchase an array of software products. Off-the-shelf software is mass-produced software made for a variety of generic uses such as word processing. Sometimes managers and other organizational members require experts to write customized software because they have a unique need that no off-the-shelf software adequately meets. In some circumstances these same employees may develop their own software that they modify over time to meet their changing work or personal needs. Hardware Computer hardware refers to the equipment used in electronic information processing. Significant strides have occurred in the development of hardware in the last decade. While processing power has increased, the size of the hardware has decreased considerably. Today desktop and portable computers costs are continuously reducing and can outperform the room-sized, million-dollar computers of ten years ago. Input hardware captures raw data and information from interactive uses. Processing hardware converts or transforms data. Storage hardware includes removable and fixed media that allow rapid access to information. Output hardware provides copies of data on paper, microform, and video screens; it offers varying quality for graphics, print, voice, or other effects. Database Management Systems Database management system offers a vehicle for storing and supporting the processing of large quantities of non- scientific information, such as data on employees, products, customers, and suppliers. This technology allows managers to easily access, sort, and analyse databases of information along a variety of dimensions. Data communication technology Data communication technology has dramatically improved the communication of information across short and long distances. Managers and other employees can easily send data from one plant location to another or access data located halfway around the world using dialin options, computer networks, video conferences, and other electronic media. Advances in communication technology occur frequently, reducing the cost and increasing the accuracy and speed of data transmission.