Date: 7\12\2011

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Date: 7\12\2011

(Abrasives and temporary crowns (1 Dental Material II Lecture # 18 Slide 2,3

Why we do finishing and polishing, you want to remove any excess filling material or restoration, you want to achieve good .esthetics; A smooth fine polished surface, shiny surface We want to minimize corrosion like in amalgam, when we do finishing and polishing in amalgam we are minimizing the corrosion because we are producing a smooth surface and .minimizing stack? Accumulation which can promote corrosion So mainly smoothening, esthetics, minimize corrosion and .remove excess When you are doing that you using a series of materials starting from rough to smooth; so you always start with rough disc for example to remove gross or major excess of the filling material and then you go medium , fine, and super fine to produce a smooth shiny surface. So this is the process how .you do polishing, you should not skip one step

Slide 4
Now what affects the abrasion rate, when we are abrading surface we use different materials, we use the hand piece or sometimes manual. What affect how much you removing from :the filling, what factors affect the abrasion rate .Size, irregularity, the hardness of the particles -1

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how irregular the particle are of the abrasive material; the more irregular the particle are the more abrasion it will do, the .more it will remove from the restorative material The size of the particles; larger the size of the particles, the more abrasion it will do, the more it will remove from the material. The harder the particle is, the more it will remove .from the restoration Thats why they can produce different craze of abrasive, by .controlling these factors Diamond particles are the hardest material, so they are in the top of the scale of the hardness, thats why for examples we use them for finishing and polishing for porcelain, we cant use it for amalgam because it can remove too much if you are sing the rough particle, some diamond burs coated with fine .particles, we can use these for composite The degree of the roughness or the degree of the abrasiveness will affect to which restoration you will apply to them. The more pressure you use when you are using the high speed and the higher the speed more abrasion it will do, so you need to be careful with the pressure you using and the speed of the hand piece, the speed which you are doing the .polishing and finishing More speed more pressure; more abrasion. And we won't to remove more than what we want; because there will be deficiency, and you need to apply again more material, so you .need to have good control

Slide 5
This is the hardness scale (slide 5) or MOH scale, the hardest .is diamond and the softest is gold As a rule : your abrasive material should be 1 or 2 point harder .than the surface you are abrading
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Slide 6
;They can be classified according to the size of the particles .Coarse or rough: 100 micron or above .Medium: 20-100 micron .Small: 20 sub micron size The greater size of the particles the rougher it will be, so they .call it the size of the particles or grit

Slide 7
Some abrasive come in the form of paste or powder and liquid to mix with water, the more concentrated the more particles in .it, the more abrasive It will be So by controlling the water you adding you will control how much you are diluting the paste, and therefore controlling how .abrasive it is .This is another factor that affects how much abrasive it will do

Slide 8
We talked about the speed and pressure we need to be careful about speed and pressure because we dont want to remove .more than we want, and we dont want generate excess heat

Excess heat when you are finishing and polishing the restoration can harm the pulp and produce pulpitis, and even if it's too much it can cause irreversible pulpitis, which is mean we should go to root canal treatment, so the patient take off .the restoration and go to root canal treatment
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Thats why we should be careful. Always use water when you do finishing and polishing, and you dont use the ??? Composite for a long period of time, you need to use it for a few seconds and use water to cool down the tooth and then you can use it again and so on, because it can cause damage .to the pulp

Slide 9
:Types of abrasives Paste abrasives, loose abrasives, coated abrasives, bonded .abrasives some of them come in a battles or containers as form of a powder or a paste, some of them in the form of abrasive strip or coated abrasive or discs; thats you need to fix on the .mandrill thats the one we use it for composite Some of the abrasives are shaped in the form of a bur (bonded .(abrasive

Slide 11
Loose abrasive; paste or powder, can be coarse or medium or fine or even super fine grit sizes, you can apply them in the surface of the restoration or the tooth by a brush so they are mixed with water or lubricants glycerin for example, then you dip the brush in the paste and then place the brush in the low speed hand piece usually, then you can use it in a rotary cycle .like on the restoration or the tooth Always start with rough end up with super fine, or you can select the type of material you will using or size of the particles you will using, according to the amount of abrasive you want to do, for example if you got stain on the surface of the tooth you can use medium or fine abrasive to remove we
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wont cut it too rough, so dont start with rough you start with .medium immediately; so it depend on the clinical situation When its called prophylaxis paste, it will contain fluoride; .fluoride prevent caries, so it give the prophylaxis effect

Slide 13
Bonded abrasive they look like (slide 14); they are like discs, cones, flame shape, pointed, cups and cylinder. They are different shape so they can accommodate different surfaces of the tooth; the bur that able to use it in the labial surface you .may not able to use it on the palatal surface They are usually used in initial and intermediate finishing, and .it available in different roughness scale

Slide 15
Coated abrasive are the one we used for composite, abrasive strips or discs that we fix on the mandrill at the low hand .piece

Slide 17
We will talk about different materials Diamond : the hardest its an expensive material, so the abrasive diamond bur not disposable, you sterilize them and use it again, with time they become less efficient (wear), .because the particles loss from the bur Fine particles can be used in a form of a paste, and it use for .finishing and polishing for composite and porcelain

Slide 18

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Carbide finishing bur; these burs used for finishing amalgam, they are similar to the bur we use for drilling the cavity, but it shape differently and the number of flutes (cutting end) it will determine how much finishing we will do, the higher the .number of flutes the finer the finishing These burs fixed in the hand piece, and used them for .amalgam

Slide 19,20
silicon carbide; a very hard material 9-10 on the scale come in the form of coated or bonded abrasive, can be used for .porcelain, but diamond is more common Aluminum oxide; it can be bonded abrasive, this material it .can be used for sandblasting Sandblasting: when we do a crown as the restoration, and you want to cement it on the surface of the tooth, if you make the inner surface of the crown rough this will promote more bonding, micromechanical retention, so they make the surface of the crown rough by hitting the surface with particles of aluminum oxide with pressure. They place it in a chamber, and aluminum oxide will be force to contact the metal to make it .rougher It available in paste form, and you can dib the brush, cup or wheal as we said before. The wheal we are talking about in pic .((slide 23), it can be made out of rubber (Burlew wheal

Slide 21,22,24
Silica or sand; it can be used in sandblasting, it can be used .in a form of coated discs or a strip, rate 7 on Moh scale Silica dioxide; it can be used in the form of paste or coated abrasive or bonded abrasive, the important thing you need to

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go back to Moh table and see how the material hard is it, and .know to which material or restoration you can apply

Rouge; form from iron oxide, supply in red blocks; the block apply on the wheal when its turning so that the abrasive of the block will coat the wheal and then we can use the wheal for finishing and polishing; alloid or metal frame work of the .cobalt?? Partial denture Pumice; manufactured as a loose abrasive from volcanic silica .and its extremely fine

.Tin oxide; fine material can be used for polishing Calcium carbonate; used in toothpaste20-40%; toothpaste contain fluoride, coloring agent, flavor, and calcium carbonate, so tooth paste contain abrasive to remove remnants of food .debris

Slide 25,26,27
:Prophylaxis paste : made of Pumice, tin oxide, pigments, coloring agent, preservative, and .fluoride We mix it with water or glycerin, apply using a brush or a cup, usually we use it after scaling, after removing of plaque or calculus, we want to polish and smooth the surface of the teeth, remove any stains, so it can be used at the end of the .treatment They are not highly abrasive, they are used to clean dentures, to remove any debris and remove stains, but they should not be highly abrasive so they dont damage the surface of the .denture

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Done by: Yazeed o. Ajlouni

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