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PHYSICS
4 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Explain the formation of standing wave pattern in a closed pipe with suitable figures.
Ans: In closed pipe one end of the pipe is
closed and the other end is opened. In the
case of closed pipe only odd harmonics
are possible.
Fundamental frequency (or) First Harmonic
At the fundamental mode of vibra
tion antinode is

l =
4
formed at open end

and node is formed at closed end

loop .
2

Now, length of the pipe l = = 4l

4
v
frequency of vibration n =

v
n1 =
4l
First overtone (or) Third harmonic
For third harmonic we will have one
more extra antinode
3

and node.
l =
4
1
1 loops
2
3
4l
Length of the pipe l = =
4
3
v
Frequency of vibration n3 =

3v
n3 =
4l
n3 = 3n1

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Second overtone (or) Fifth harmonic
For fifth harmonic we
will have three nodes
and three antinodes
5

l =
4
1
2 loops
2
5
4l
length of the tube l = =
4
5
v
5v
frequency of vibration n5 = n5 =
4l

So, ratio of frequencies are n1: n3 : n5 = 1 : 3 : 5

Q. 2: What are beats? Explain the importance
of beats.

WAVE MOTION

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The distance between a node and the next

antinode is
4
2. A wire of length 'l' is vibrating in three segments. What is the wavelength of the note
emitted?
Ans: Length of
the wire = l
Number of
3
l =
loops = 3
4
4l
Wave length =
3
3. What is the ratio of the frequency of fourth

Waxing and Wanning of Sound

overtone to the fundamental frequenAns: Beats: The phenomena of
cy of a stretched string?
periodic waxing and waning of
Ans: Fundamental frequency
sound is defined as beats.

Beat frequency n = The number of

1
T
n1 =

waxing and waning taking place per

2l
m
second.
Fourth overtone frequency

n = n1 n2
5
n1
1
T
n5 =

=
Application of beats
m
n5
5
2l
S. Sanjeeva
1) To determine frequency of
Ratio of frequencies n5 : n1 = 5:1.
unknown fork.
4: What happens to the fundamental frequen2) To detect the presence of dangerous gases
cy of a stretched string when the tension is
in mines.
quadrupled?
3) To produce special effects in cinematograAns: When tension is quadrupled (increased
phy.
by four times)
4) To tune the musical instrument.
T1 = T
n1 = n
2 MARKS QUESTIONS
T2 = 4T
n2 = ?

1. What is a stationary wave? What is the disn2

T2
T2
tance between a node and the succeeding
=
n2 =
n1
n1
T1
T1
antinode of a stationary wave?

Ans: A stationary wave is formed due to

super position of a progressive wave
and a reflected wave with a phase difference of radians or 180.

n2 =

4T
n
T

n2 = 2n1

5. What happens to the fundamental frequency

of a stretched string when its listener density

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Eq- j\ u--)
becomes 1 th of its initial value?
4

m1 = m
m
m2 =
4
n2
=
n1
n2 =

n1 = n
n2 = ?

m2

4m
n1
m

n2 =

m1
n1
m2

n2 =

2n1

6. Write any two applications of Doppler effect.

Ans: 1) Doppler effect is used to study the condition of heart beat.
2) Doppler effect is used in airports to guide the
air crafts.
7. What is an 'echo'? What is the minimum distance from which an echo can be heard?
(Velocity of Sound in air = 330 m/s)
Ans: When an observer produces a sound
and receives its reflection from an
obstacle, the reflected sound is called
echo of the original sound.
Vt
The minimum distance to hear echo d =
2
1
t = sec minimum time to hear an
10
330
echo, d = 10
d = 16.5 m.
2
8: What is reverberation? Write Sabine formula
for reverberation time in a closed room.
Ans: Reverberation: The persistence of sound
in a closed room as a result of multiple reflections of sound even after the source of sound
is turned off is known as reverberation.
0.17 V
Sabine formula: T =
aisi
Where ai are the absorption co efficient of
the substance with surface area si and V is
the volume of the room.

(- --E --O-O- -W-E-

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