PROJECT REPORT ON:

REVENUE

SUBMITTED BY:

TAQDEES TAHIR INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND TECHNOLGY (BIZTEK)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am thankful to Almighty ALLAH who gave me the strength to work on such a project and gain tremendous knowledge. With all due respect I would like to thank our instructor Mr. Nazeer Tahir who have been a great influence through out the project and help with the entire problems encounter, he taught us and been very polite and helpful. It was indeed due to his effort we achieve success. I am thankful to Management of PIA who provides us the platform to learn and gain practical knowledge and to work in group context as well as individual all those who help out in making report. I would like to express my heartfelt thanks and appreciation to the following dignitaries whose assistance and support, has done so much to contribute in completing my project. Mr. Abdul Jawad Khan Mr. Aijaz Chaudry Mr. Nazeer Tahir Mr. Ali Arshad Mr. Jamal Waseem Mr. Khalil Miss. Gulshan Mr. Tariq Mr. Pervaiz Mr. Aqeel Chisti

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION TO PIA Brief History PIAs Subsidiaries and Associated Companies o Personnel o Organo gram o Destinations o Domestic route map o International route map FINANCE DEPARTMENT o General Accounting o Budget o Funds Management Revenue REVENUE DIVISION Pax Revenue Cargo Revenue APPENDIXES Physical Checking Units Quasar System Units Other Units/ Sections Cargo Lift Cargo Sales Cargo Pricing Cargo Interline Cargo Mail

INTRODUCTION
Pakistan International Airlines is the national flag carrier, and as a symbol of National pride. PIA head office is located in Karachi Airport. Principal activity of the PIAC is to provide air transport services (passengers and freights). In addition, the corporation is engaged in providing engineering, training, and other allied services. PIA play vital role in the growth of GDP as well as earn sufficient foreign exchange for the country. It became member of IATA (International Air Transport Associations) and commercial operation as a scheduled carrier for passenger and cargo transportation. Pakistan International Airlines Corporation (the Corporation) was

incorporated on April 18,1956 under the Pakistan International Airlines Corporation Act, 1956(PIAC Act, 1956) and its shares are quoted in all the stock exchanges of Pakistan.57 % shares held by Government of Pakistan, and rest of 43 % shares held by Financial Institutions, Investment Companies, Individuals, Joint Stock Companies, Foreign Companies etc. As the government is the principal owner of the airline so the government selects the Board of Directors and the Chairman/CEO.

BRIEF HISTORY
In the days when Pakistan was still in the revolting position (June 1946) Mr. Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the Founder of the upcoming Nation, instructed Mr. M.A. Ispahani, a foremost industrialist, to set up a national airline, on precedence basis. With his stupendous vision and forethought, Mr. Jinnah had anticipated that with the formation of the two wings of Pakistan, alienated by 1100 miles, a swift and well-organized mode of transport was imperative. The novel airline was primarily a pilot project, registered in Calcutta as Orient Airways Ltd, on 23rd October, 1946. With A.M. Ispahani as the Chairman and Air vice Marshal O.K. Carter as the General Manager of the new air hauler, operating license for the airline was obtained in 1947 with Calcutta as the base. Orient Airways was a privately owned company, with limited capital and resources. It could not be expected to grow and expand on its own. It was then that the Government of Pakistan decided to form a state-owned airline and invited Orient Airways to merge with it. The outcome of the merger was the birth of a new airline, named Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) on 11th March, 1955. Pakistan International Airlines established in 1954. PIA's first SuperConstellation (AP-AFQ) registered on Apri'24, 1954. PIA started its regular service from May 10, 1954. Pakistan International Airlines Corporation formed with merger of PIA and Orient Airways. PIA entered the world of international aviation with a service from Karachi to London via Cairo and Rome. Boeing 707-320 "International" introduced on the London route. First three of five Fokker F-27s received and order placed for three Boeing 720B jet aircraft. PIA is the first Asian airline to operate a pure jet aircraft. At present, PIA operates to 75 destinations (38 international and 37 domestic) in countries spread over 4 continents of the globe. One could say that since its inception in 1955, PIA has indeed, come a long way.

PIA'S SUBSIDIARIES + ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

PIA'S SUBSIDIARIES 1) 2) 3) 4) PIA Holdings (Pvt.) Limited Duty Free Shops Limited International Advertising (Pvt.) Limited Sky rooms (Pvt) Limited Airport Hotel, Karachi Airport 5) PIA Shaver Poultry Breeding Farms (Pvt) Limited 6) Midway House (Pvt.) Limited Hotel Midway House, Karachi Airport ASSOCIATED COMPANIES (Overseas) 1) PIA Investments Limited 2) Minhal incorporated Pakistan 3) Pakistan Services Limited 4) Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation Limited.

PERSONNEL
Captains / Pilots / Co - Pilots Aircraft Engineers Flight Engineers Airhostesses Flight Stewards Others Total Number of Employees 538 697 90 1055 978 15,028 18,386

ORGANO GRAM

DESTINATIONS
PIA takes flights around the globe that are

Asia Europe North America Domestic

For details see appendix-A.

DOMESTIC ROUTE MAP

INTERNATIONAL ROUTE MAP

FINANCE DEPARTMENT
Finance department is divided into 4 sub departments that are:
1234-

General Accounting Budget Funds Management Revenue

Finance Department Hierarchy

S.VP Finance

G. Manager Revenue

G. Manager Accounting

G. Manager Budget

G. Manager Funds Management

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REVENUE
Revenue department deals with all the revenue generated by PIA through sales of tickets and other freight services. It is divided into three sections that are 1- Physical Checking Units 2- Quasar System Units 3- Others Units/Sections

PHYSICAL CHECKING UNITS

A. B. C. D. A. B. C. D. Domestic Sales Unit Domestic counter sales R-1 Domestic counter refund R-6 Domestic Agents Sales Domestic Agent Refund International Sales Unit International counter sales International counter refund R-6 Agents sales Agents refund

QUASAR SYSTEM UNITS

A. B. C. D. E. Pax Lift Prep Scanning Tile verification Visual Quality Assurance Extended Ticket Capture

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TCN Interline Revenue A. Receivable unit B. Payable unit

Sales Balancing

OTHER UNITS/SECTIONS
Credit Control (R-8) Reconciliation Tax General Refund

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PHYSICAL CHECKING UNITS

Domestic Sales Unit
The Domestic Sales Unit is a unit of Pax Revenue Accounting in which the following activities are being performed: Receiving the sales reports. Checking of fares, taxes, commission, fare basis and class of travel. Physical checking of all sold and supporting documents. Checking of values, validity and rules of all refunded and surrendered coupons. In case of any discrepancies, Raise debit memos and maintain the record. Preparation of boxes and binders and handed over to the record room.

RECEIVING OF SALES REPORTS

The sales reports contain passenger coupons/tickets, EBTs, MCO, PTAs etc. with other supporting documents. These sales reports are received either daily or fortnightly at the Head Office sent by all stations. We receive the sales reports of a month in an unsorted manner. The sales reports includes documents, supporting documents, refund reports with documents.

TYPES OF REPORTS
I. Agent Sale Report (ASR)
Reports from all Agencies in Pakistan And PIA Agents.

II. DQB
Report by agents through ABAKUS System.

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TYPES OF TICKETS
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Paper Ticket. E-Ticket. Prepaid Ticket Advice (PTA). Miscellaneous Charges Order (MCO). Excess Baggage Ticket (EBT).

PAPER TICKET
In Paper Ticket, we have four coupons which include Audit coupon, Agent Coupon, Passenger coupon and Flight coupons along with the Jacket.

E-TICKET
Pakistan International Airlines has just introduced the Electronic Ticket. In E-Ticket, we have three coupons which include Audit coupon, Passenger coupon and Passenger Itinerary.

PREPAID TICKET ADVICE

In Prepaid Ticket Advice (PTA), a person can buy a ticket from any other country or city. But For this service, a passenger has to pay some extra charges i.e For Domestic they charge Rs.250 For International they charge Rs.1500

MISSELLANEOUS CHARGES ORDER

Miscellaneous Charges Order (MCO) is used for the adjustment of the fares. In MCO, we have three coupons which include Audit coupon, Agent coupon and Exchange coupon.

EXCESS BAGGAGE TICKET

Excess Baggage Ticket (EBT) is used for excess luggage. PIA has given a limit of baggage to their passengers for domestic and international flights. If the baggage is over weight then they charge some extra money as per Kilogram.

TYPES OF AGENTS
1) Domestic Sale Agent (DSA) 2) Passenger Sale Agent (PSA)

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3) General Sale Agent (GSA)

COMMISSIONS
1) Domestic Sale Agent (DSA) 7% of Fare. 2) Passenger Sale Agent (PSA) 7% of Fare. 3) General Sale Agent (GSA) 5% of Fare.

TYPES OF CLASSESS
FOR DAY
1) Economy Class (K) 2) Economy plus (P) 3) Business Class (C)

FOR NIGHT
1) Economy Class (N) 2) Economy plus (L) 3) Business Class (B)

TAXES
Pakistan International Airline (PIA) takes some taxes with fare which includes, i. ii. Central Exercise Duty (CED) 15% of Fare. Embargation Fee Rs.120 The CED goes to the Government and Embargation fee goes to Civil Aviation Authority (CAA).

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DIFFERENT FARES
1) PIA has different fares for different age group: Adult Child Infant Full Fare. 50% Fare (below 12 years). 10% Fare (below 2 years).

2) PIA has different fares for different people: Groups Family. Senior Citizen. Journalist Handicap Industrial people Defence People (APW)

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International Sales Unit

The International Sales Unit is a subunit of Pax Revenue. International Sales Unit receives sales reports from stations all around the world where PIA has its online & offline stations. These stations send the sales reports to the Head office on daily, weekly, monthly & fortnight basis.

WORKING PROCEDURE:
The International sales unit performed following activities: 1- Receiving the sales reports from Int. Stations. 2- Receiving of funds report from Int. Stations. 3- Checking the physical availability of all supporting documents. 4- Checking physical availability, values, validity and rules of all refunded and surrendered coupons. 5- Checking fares, taxes, fare basis, class of travel. 6- Preparation of Batches and sequential arrangement of Sales Repots. 7- Fare audit with approvals and to clear. 8- Check collection and reporting of all applicable Taxes (Pakistani & Foreign). 9- Check all Reissued transactions (PK / OAL) for values, routing, and ensure physical availability / validit7y of all surrendered coupons. 10- Preparation of boxes and binders and handing over to the record room. 11- Raise debit memos in case of any discrepancies. 12- Maintaining Debit memo following report. 13- Maintaining Dad approval record. 14- Maintaining email record. 15- Maintaining correspondence record. 16- Correspondence with all Int. stations sending sales report.

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TYPES OF SALES REPORT:

1. Counter sales report. 2. Refund reports (R6). 3. BSP (Bank Settlement Plan) 4. Agency sales report. 5. ARC (Airline Reporting Corporation)

ACTIVITIES OF INT. SALES UNIT

1. Receiving of Sales reports from mail control unit & balancing unit. 2. Segregation of Sales reports according to station, Agent & date wise 3. Processing of Sales Reports. 4. Keeping record of various files. 5. Setting of Target Date for processing, checking of sales reports. 6. Controlling of sales reports (counter & Agents) on control sheet. 7. Controlling of R-6 from various station on control sheet. 8. Distribution of counter sales, Agent sales, Refund reports to processing stall, dully sorted & arranged.

RECEIVING OF SALES / REFUNDS REPORTS:

1. The sales reports contain Audit coupons, void flight coupons, MCO, PTAs, and EBT with other supporting documents. 2. These sales reports are received either daily, weekly, monthly fortnightly at the Head Office sent by all stations through mail control & balancing units. 3. The sales reports of a month are in unsorted manner which includes documents, supporting documents, refund reports with documents. 4. The sales reports received are to be segregated by the staff according to region, station & date wise. 5. The sales reports to be given to the processing staff according to the stations allocated to them.

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6. A sales report control sheet is to be entered when the segregation is complete. It would indicate the status of reports received from the stations. 7. The sheet would be given to MIS for entry in to system.

SEGREGATION OF SALES REPORTS:

The sales reports are then segregated by staff into regions and given to them region-wise. The regions are: Far-East Middle East /Gulf Europe USA & Canada London Territories. The sales reports are further segregated by them station and then date wise.

PROCESSING OF SALES REPORTS:

The staff performs the following functions during the processing of sales reports: 1. Physical checking of all the tickets reported in the sales reports. 2. Missing tickets/coupons are checked 3. Checking of all voided coupons with auditors coupons. 4. Check fare basis, class of travel, late reporting, Date of travel, Approval codes etc. 5. Checking the amount of DADS amount being reflected on the tickets as per procedure. 6. Checking collection and reporting of all taxes implemented from time to time. 7. Checking all refunded flight coupons are physically available. 8. Ensure refunded tickets are stamped as Refunded along with supporting documents 9. In case of any discrepancy, the debit memos should be raised. These debit memos are issued to the concerned station. 10. These debit memos includes the amount that is short collected with proper working/calculation and supporting documents. 19

QUERIES/INFO CELL:
The query cell is made for accepting the queries from the processing staff relating the processing procedures/approvals. The query cell handled the queries from audit & refund sections. After handling these queries would be entered in the query sheets and then these sheets would be given to MIS.

RECORD KEEPING:
After the handling of queries the record keeping process comes in. This section includes the record in the form of boxes, registers and binders. Debit memos be are allocated to the regions serial wise. Debit memos sheets Correspondence through emails, mail, telexes and faxes. Follow-up sheet.

FILES MAINTAINED:
Approvals Box registers Binder files Debit Memos Monthly status of reports processed. Wrongly uplifted coupons.

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QUASAR SYSTEM UNITS

PAX LIFT

PAX LIFT

From sales report control unit, the coupons send to the department where physical checking is done. From there, the coupons send to Pax lift unit. In this unit, the coupons are passed from different stages.

DIFFERENT STAGES:
Following are the different stages of Lift unit: 1) 2) 3) 4) Prepping Scanning Tile Visual Quality Assurance (VQA)

PREPPING:
In Prepping, the coupons are separated according to the class and then the child or infant coupon is separated.

SCANNING:
In this, the coupons are scanned in a system with the help of bar cade present on a coupon through scanner.

TILE:
In this, fare and actual amount is matched.

VISUAL QUALITY ASSURANCE:

In this, the stock number and ticket number is matched.

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TCN (TRANSACTION CONTROL NUMBER)

INTRODUCTION
TCN stands for Transaction control number. Every ticket sales data electronically recorded in Computer Reservation System and then transferred through TCN file and ETC file to TCN Edit Process. Where it is corrected in work flow queue and then tickets are prorate and saved in ticket data base.

SOURCES OF DATA
In TCN data comes from different sources which are 1- BSP (Bank settlement plan) 2- ARC (Airline reporting corporation) 3- ETC (Extended ticket capture)

TCN PROCEDURE
TCN procedure has following steps: 1- Logon to client manager by entering user id and password. 2- In client manager window click on server in menu bar and click on send trans to connect with QUASAR system. 3- In quasar security logon window enter password and press ok. Button to proceed further. 4- In quasar main menu press the workflow icon button to open workflow window. 5- In workflow window click on queue on main menu bar and then list exceptions. 6- In list exception by queue window input the desired criteria and select list to view exceptions. 7- Now select any ticket to open for correction. 8- In tickets coupon window read the message and correct the error.

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9- Tickets coupon and fare bases are corrected and then up date the information and then press the save /send button..

TCN PROCESS
ETC FILE FROM LIST TCN FILE TICKET PRORTION TICKET DATABA SE

TCN EDIT PROCESS

ERROR S REJECT WORKFLOW QUEUE MANUAL CORRETION

1. Ticket information recorded in computer reservation system. 2. Through CRS data is send to TCN file and ETC file and from there it comes in TCN edit process. 3. Through TCN edit process errors and rejected tickets are corrected in workflow queue. 4. In workflow queue data is manually corrected and send back to workflow queue. 5. After correction data again comes in TCN edit process and forwarded to ticket proration process if any other errors and rejections does not exist. 6. When ticket is prorated data is stored in ticket database for further usage.

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TCN PROCEDURE
Step 1
WINDOW: LOGON

PURPOSE:
To connect with Client Manager by entering User ID and Password

FIELDS
USER ID PASSWORD BUTTONS OK CANCEL HELP

DEFINITIONS
It is unique identity of every employee. Security key words to control unauthorized access.

DEFINITIONS
It is used to proceed further. It is used to close the window. It is used to when any help is required.

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Step 2
WINDOW: Client Manager

PURPOSE:
To be connected with Quasar system through server connection.

FIELDS
Server name

DEFINATIONS
It shows the server list to be connected with. 25

Status

It shows that server is connected or disconnected.

Step 3
WINDOW: Quasar Security Logon

PURPOSE:
To access the Quasar system by entering password of provided user id.

FIELDS
USER ID PASSWORD BUTTONS OK CANCEL Change password

DEFINITIONS It is unique identity of every employee. Security key words to control unauthorized access. DEFINITIONS It is used to proceed further. It is used to close the window. It is used to change or reset the password if desired by employee.

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Step 4 Window: Quasar Main Menu

PURPOSE:
This window contains different functions of Revenue Accounting. In TCN it helps to access the workflow window.

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FIELDS
Work flow

DEFINITIONS
It is used to correct the errors.

Step 5
Window: WORK FLOW SYSTEM MAIN MENUE

PURPOSE:
This window helps to access the list exception window.

Field
Queue

Definition
It is used for exception selection.

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Step 6
Window: List Exception by Queue

PURPOSE:
This window helps to input desired criteria and select List to view exceptions.

FIELDS
Queue

DEFINITIONS
It is used for exception selection. E.g. tax audit, TCN, Unmatched usage etc.

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Filter method Status Employee ID Cycle # Queue Date BUTTONS Correct Refresh List

It is used to Shrink the data according to need. It shows the ticket working status. E.g. all, new. in work. It shows the employee ID who is working on TCN. It shows the reporting frequency of ticket. It shows the date at which ticket comes into system. DEFINITIONS It is used to correct any ticket. It is used to refresh the list. It is used to show the desired list of documents.

Step 7
Window: TCN/CRS Coupon

PURPOSE:
To correct fair calculation area and errors those are mentioned in message window.

Fields
Agency Fare currency

Definitions
The unique agency code provided by IATA. The currency in which fare is paid.

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EAP currency Fare calculation Itinerary Messages Conjunctive Issue date BUTTONS Ticket form type Save TSL List

The currency in which fare is converted. Whole ticket journey is constructed with flight carrier and fare amount. Coupon wise ticket detailed is given. Errors are mentioned in this area. It shows that ticket is conjunctive or not (if more than 4 coupons are attached it is conjunctive.) Date on which ticket is issued. DEFINITIONS It shows the type of ticket like EBT (excess baggage ticket), MCO (miscellaneous charges order) etc. It is used to save the changes that are made. It is used to show the list of ticket sales location (agency).

Step 8
Window: Update TCN/CRS Coupon

PURPOSE:
To update the ticket coupon information if wrong filled.

FIELDS
Origin Flight date Destination Airline Fare basis Book Ticket Designation

DEFINITIONS
Shows the place from where journey is started. Shows the date of travel. Shows the place where the journey is ended. Shows the airline carrier. It shows the conditions of fare to be valid or not. E.g. NOW (night one way) etc. It shows the class e.g. Club (c ), economy (k) etc. In this any type of discount is mentioned.

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INTERLINE UNIT
INTRODUCTION:
Interline unit works on those documents (Tickets) which includes more than one Airline. When a passenger buys a ticket of more then one sector and he will travel through two different airlines on a single ticket. In interline documents of one airline is also used by other airline to provide services are Interline Documents.

INTERLINE DOCUMENTS (TYPYES OF TICKETS):

Interline Documents which are used in Interline Unit are: 1. FLIGHT COUPON: Simple lifted Coupon. 2. EXCESS BAGGAGE TICKET: This ticket is raised when the weight of baggage increased
from fixed weight.

3. MISCELLANEOUS CHARGES ORDER: When PIA is credited to customer, PIA raise

MCO, which shows the evidence at the time of other transaction or claim.

4. FLIGHT INTRRUPTION MANIFEST: This ticket is raised when other flight is arranged at
the time of any emergency.

5. UNIVERSAL AIR TRAVEL PLANT: When the customer make payment on credit card, this
ticket issued.

6. PREPAID TICKET ADVICE: The ticket is issued at on area and the charges of this ticket
are paid at other destination.

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The cases of Prepaid Ticket Advice and Flight Interruption.Manifest tickets are very rare. Other type of tickets are mostly comes in Interline unit.

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INTERLINE SECTIONS:
Interline Unit consists of two sections: INTERLINE RECEIVABLE. INTERLINE PAYABLE.

INTERLINE RECEIVEBLE:
When PIA provide services on documents of other airline, are deals in Interline Receivable.For Example PIA provide service on documents of Emirates Airline than all the revenue is collected by Emirates Airline. The revenue of PIA Airline is payable for Emirates Airline and Receivable for PIA Airline which are deals in Interline Receivable. In Interline Receivable, Interline documents are comes from Lift Unit. The Revenue of PIA from these documents is separated through Proration Method (method of distribution of revenue between or among participating airline).
PRORATION METHOD=THROUGH FARE SUM OF SECTOR FARE REQUIRED SECTOR

TROUGH FARE = Total Fare of Document. SUM OF SACTOR FARE = Weighted Mileage of all sectors which are showed in Documents. REQUIRED SECTOR = Weighted Mileage of required sector

INTERLINE RECEIVABLE PROCEDURE:

Interline Receivable works in ARIES SYSTEM in ETC (expended ticket checker) FILE. Steps of Interline Receivable Procedure are,

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 RECEIVEBLE UNPOSTED STATUS:

Data of those tickets for which we are supposed to receive revenue are recorded in Receivable Unposted status.

After scanning from Lift, these tickets are comes in RECEIVABLE UNPOSTED STATUS. From RECEIVABLE UNPOSTED STATUS tickets are imported to ETC File.

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ETC CLIENT. ARIES STATION:

In ETC CLIENT the data of interline tickets are recorded for the purpose of raising the invoice.

By selecting the Ticket Number image of ticket showed. Fill the itinerary, Date of Issue, Agency Number,Currency/Fare,Commision Rate, Number of Tickets then press ENTER. If the ticket has no error, then it is electronically saved in Invoice (Link Invoice Batch File). In case of error in data, that ticket comes back to Work Flow System.

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 WORK FLOW SYSTEM MAIN MENUE.

Those tickets which are not correct come in Work Flow System for correction. WORK FLOW SYSTEM works in QUASAR system.

Select QUEUE from Work Flow System. By selecting QUEUE, illustrate List Exception. By selecting list Exception, SUSPENCE REVIEW RECEIVABLE opens.

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 SUSPENCE REVIEW RECEIVABLE.

In this File the correction of tickets take place which are comes from ETC File.

Enter Date, Airline Number and then press Search. All the tickets list is displayed which contains error. Select tickets and press Ticket Entry. Than make the correction of ticket. After correction this ticket automatically comes in Invoice.

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 LIST INVOICE BATCH-RECEIVABLE.

All the Interline Tickets comes in LIST INVOICE BATCH-RECEIVABLE. This file explain all important information about related ticket.

In Batch, number shows the number of ticket types which are used in Interline Unit. SRC shows the correction link of ticket, 01 means ticket comes directly from ETC. 04 means from other files. For example, from Interline Payable. 14 means ticket of Flight Interruption Manifest. 8000 means ticket of Excess Baggage. 9000 means ticket which comes from SUSPENCE REVIEW. In St, L defines that these ticket are flight. Gross show the revenue amount. ISC means the Commission. Tax which are imposed. This invoice is than transfer to Dallas System for further processing. Mail of this invoice is raised for related stations.

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INTERLINE PAYABLE:
Other airline provides services on documents of PIA airline, are deals in Interline Payable. For Example Emirates Airline provide service on PIA documents. Then all the revenue is collected by PIA Airline. The revenue of Emirates Airline is payable for PIA Airline and Receivable for Emirates Airline which are deals in Interline Payable. In Interline Payable, invoices and PK documents comes from different airlines for which the PIA is payable. In these invoices the payable amount is mention. Interline Payable Unit verify the mention amount through Proration Method (method of distribution of revenue between or among participating airline).
PRORATION METHOD=THROUGH FARE SUM OF SECTOR FARE REQUIRED SECTOR

TROUGH FARE = Total Fare of Document. SUM OF SACTOR FARE = Weighted Mileage of all sectors which are showed in documents. REQUIRED SECTOR = Weighted Mileage of required sector.

INTERLINE PAYABLE DOCUMENTS:

Lifted PK documents. Summary of Invoice. Rejection Memo (issuing in case of over billing).

INTERLINE PAYABLE PROCEDURE:

Interline Payable Procedure works in INTERLINE SECTION in QUASAR SYSTEM. o All the Lifted Coupons with Invoices are raised from stations of other airlines and comes in Interline Payable Unit. o All the data of Lifted Coupons are electronically saved in QUASAR SYSTEM, which is comes from IDEC (Head office of IATA). o Interline unit calculate the fare amount which is payable for PIA through Proration Method and tally it with amount, which is mentioned in invoices. o If Prorated amount matches with the invoice amount, than that ticket is accepted as payable. o If not than Rejection Memo will be issued against that ticket.

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WORK INVOICE RELEASE-PAYABLES:

This file shows all the lifted documents (tickets) which are payable. This data comes from IDEC (Head office of IATA). Select any one invoice than press Release. By pressing Release, invoice comes in SUSPENCE RAVIEW-PAYABLE.

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SUSPENCE REVIEW- PAYABLES:

Suspense Review Payables is starting window of Invoices working.

Put the number of airline than click on Search. Than select the invoice through month and click on Unsuspend. By clicking on Unsuspend, DETAIL SUSPENSE REVIEW PAYABLE opens.

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DETAIL SUSPENCE REVIEW PAYABLES:

Complete tickets of invoice of related month are saved in DETAIL SUSPENCE REVIEW PAYABLES.

Add Invoice Number, Year, Batch Number, and Source Code. Select any ticket, by selecting ticket, TICKET DETAIL opens.

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TICKET DETAIL:
In TICKET DETAIL, all the information about ticket is there.

Check all the data of ticket. Compare the fare of Coupon Value with Proration Method Value. If fare is same, click on Accept. If case of Over Billing, print the Rejection Memo.

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PRINT REJECTION LIST and MEMO:

PRINT REJECTION LIST and MEMO is used in case of over billing. PRINT REJECTION LIST and MEMO print the Rejection Memo of related ticket.

Enter Beginning and Ending date. Select MEMO than click on Print. If you want to print the Rejection Memo of all ticket of Invoice which are Over Billing, than select Pull Listing. These Memo than send to related airlines through IATA.

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SALES BALANCING UNIT

INTRODUCTION:
Sales balancing unit is also one of the sub unit of Pax Revenue department. The main function of the sales balancing unit is to check the balancing of the ticket that have been sold by checking the fare and the taxes. In SALES BALANCING, we balance the amount of International and Domestic tickets. It includes Counter sales and Agent sales through out the world. It includes every type of ticket.

Sales balancing
In sales balancing, all unbalanced transactions are processed and discrepancies are settled through debit memo, when sales are generated, there are two data generated, one goes to TCN and others go to sales balancing. Basically there are two types of unbalanced transactions.

Types of unbalanced transactions

There are tow types of unbalanced transactions which are as follow

1. Sales 2. Exchange

Sales:In sales credit card, AC and APW are included

TAC:It stands for transfer assurance certificate. it is issued to government officials (These have 50% discount)

APW:It stands for air passenger warrant. it is for armed forces There are three types of credit card

1. American Express. Its code is CCAX and no commission is charged. 2. VISA:-Its code is CCVI and 2% commission is charged. 3. Master card. Its code is CCIK and 2% commission is charged.

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EXCHANGE:In exchange the coupons are exchanged. They may be several reasons for that may be he or she wants to change their destination. In exchange there are two things are involved. 1. PREPAID TICKET ADVICE (PTA) 2. MISCELLENEOUS CHARGE ORDER (MCO)

Types of reporting in sales balancing

There are two types of reporting in sales balancing

ABACUS
It is used for agency sales.

ASR
It is stand for agent sales report .it is used for PIA ticket office domestic, international agencies.

TYPES OF TICKETS:
1. Paper Ticket. 2. E-Ticket. 3. Prepaid Ticket Advice (PTA). 4. Miscellaneous Charges Order (MCO). 5. Excess Baggage Ticket (EBT).

PAPER TICKET:
In Paper Ticket, we have four coupons which include Audit coupon, Agent Coupon, Passenger coupon and Flight coupons along with the Jacket.

E-TICKET:
Pakistan International Airlines has just introduced the Electronic Ticket. In E-Ticket, we have three coupons which include Audit coupon, Passenger coupon and Passenger Itinerary.

PREPAID TICKET ADVICE:

In Prepaid Ticket Advice (PTA), a person can buy a ticket from any other country or city. But For this service, a passenger has to pay some extra charges i.e

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For Domestic, they charge Rs.250 For International, they charge Rs.1500

MISSELLANEOUS CHARGES ORDER:

Miscellaneous Charges Order (MCO) is used for the In MCO, we have three coupons which include Audit coupon, Agent coupon and Exchange coupon.

EXCESS BAGGAGE TICKET:

Excess Baggage Ticket (EBT) is used for excess luggage. PIA has given a limit of baggage to their passengers for domestic and international flights. If the baggage is over weight then they charge some extra money as per Kilogram.

TYPES OF CLASSESS: FOR DAY

1) Economy Class (K) 2) Economy plus (P) 3) Business Class (C)

FOR NIGHT
1) Economy Class (N) 2) Economy plus (L) 3) Business Class (B)

TAXES:
DOMESTIC:
Pakistan International Airline (PIA) have some taxes on its domestic flights which includes, iii. iv. Central Exercise Duty (CED) 15% of Fare. Embargation Fee Rs.120

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The CED goes to the Government and Embargation fee goes to Civil Aviation Authority (CAA).

INTERNATIONAL:
Pakistan International Airline (PIA) has some taxes on its international flights also which includes, 1) Embarkation Fee (SP) For Economy class Rs.700 For Economy Plus Rs.700 For Business class Rs.1300 2) Capital Value Tax (CVT) 15% of Fare 3) Foreign Travel Tax (FT) 4) Fuel surcharge $ 10 Only Europe, USA, UK and Canada have $20 Rs.1500 / passenger

DIFFERENT FARES:
3) PIA has different fares for different age group: Adult Child Infant Full Fare. 50% Fare (below 12 years). 10% Fare (below 2 years).

4)

PIA has different fares for different people: Groups Family. Senior Citizen. Journalist Handicap Industrial people Defense People (APW)

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TYPES OF AGENTS:
1) Domestic Sale Agent (DSA) 4) Passenger Sale Agent (PSA) 5) General Sale Agent (GSA)

COMMISSIONS:
DOMESTIC:
4) Domestic Sale Agent (DSA) 7% of Fare. 5) Passenger Sale Agent (PSA) 7% of Fare. 6) General Sale Agent (GSA) 5% of Fare.

INTERNATIONAL:
1) Passenger Sale Agent (PSA) 2) General Sale Agent (GSA) 9% of Fare.

12% of Fare.

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MISCELLANEOUS UNITS
CREDIT CONTROL UNIT
Credit control unit function is to manage, categorize, organize, control, scrutinize, examine, evaluate, approve and monitor all the credit sales made by issuing authority also known as extending authority. Authority extending the credit is also accountable for its recuperation. Every single station has its own credit control committee whose function is to review all the credit transactions, conduct meetings related to credit control and report minutes and outcome of meeting to Head Office.

Functions of Credit Control:

Accounts observed, controlled, and checked in credit control unit are 1. 21033 2. 21034 3. 21035 4. 21036

1.

21033 ACCOUNT:

All the credit extensions made at international stations are recorded under this account. For e.g. Credit sales made at international stations to any destination will be recorded in this account. 2. 21034 ACCOUNT:

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All the credit extensions made at domestic stations are recorded in this account. For E.g. sales made at domestic stations to any destination will be recorded in 21034 account. 3. 21035 ACCOUNT:

All the credit extensions made by head office departments are recorded in this account. For e.g. Technical Service provided on credit to Cathay Pacific airline by engineering department of PIA. 4. 21036 ACCOUNT:

Credit extensions made to armed forces personals are credited 21036 account. For e.g. ticket issued on (TAC) travel assurance certificate, (APW) air passenger warrant and exchange transaction.

Minimum Value of Credit:

Single credit transaction amounting to less then Rs 500/- in Pakistan cannot be extended or equivalent to US $ 100 abroad).

Maximum Value of Credit:

Single credit transaction amounting to more than Rs 500,000/- in Pakistan cannot be extended without approval of management or equivalent to US $ 50,000.

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Categories of Credit
There are seven forms of credit that are administered by credit control unit. 1. Agency credit. 2. Government credit. 3. Commercial credit. 4. Departmental credit. 5. Personal credit. 6. SpeedEx Credit. 7. Sundry credit.

AGENCY CREDIT:
Sales made on credit to any agency are considered as Agency Credit. For e.g. an agent desires ticket of worth Rs. 1 million on a credit. The entry for this transaction will be Debit Accounts Receivable and Credit Sales account with an amount of Rs. 1 million. Resurgence period for this credit according to the credit control policy is 30 days which means that who so ever has made sale of Rs. 1 million on credit is responsible for its collection with in 30 days. Credit sales for 30 days will be treated as outstanding credit against the agent and if the limit of 30 days is surpassed than it will be considered as overdue outstanding credit. A financing cost of 1.25% per month is charged by PIA if the amount is not paid within the specified time period. If agent is unable to pay the debt and goes bankrupt or the station has made sufficient efforts to collect the amount and was unable to accumulate the credit amount, a minute is generated by the station from where the credit sales were actually made for writing off the debt. The only authority that has the supremacy to write off the debt is CEO of the company.

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GOVERNMENT CREDIT:
Ministries considered as government by PIA are Ministry of Defense (MOD). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA). Credit sales made by any station or booking office to these two ministries are recorded in government credit account. Recovery period for government credit is 60 days. Till 60 days the credit is considered as outstanding credit and after that it is treated as overdue outstanding credit. Sales made to government are not recorded as bad debt because whatever sale is made to government is backed by its guarantee. If the amount is not recovered with in 60 days government is not charged any financing cost i.e. 1.25% per month it means that government can pay the debt any time but after 60 days reminders are sent to ministries for overdue payment.

COMMERCIAL CREDIT:
Credit sales made to any commercial organization or any ministry except two acknowledged above are treated as commercial credit. For e.g. PIA has a contract with Bank Alfalah that whatever amount of tickets for the month will be used by the bank for its employees will be invoiced to the bank at the end of month. Recovery time period for commercial credit is 30 days and if the bank fails to pay the amount with in 30 days credit is considered as overdue credit for which reminders are sent to bank for the early payment of credit. Station that has made sales on credit to any commercial organization is liable for its recuperation and if he fails to do so a minute is generated by that station for head office to write off the debt amount.

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INTERDEPARTMENTAL CREDIT:
Interdepartmental credit is a class of credit in which expenses rendered on account of one department by another section/ division/ department are recorded. After rendering these expenses invoice against that department is generated by the department that has made expenses on account of that department. The department on account of those expenses were made is supposed to payback the amount within one month.

PERSONAL CREDIT:
Station head has been given the authority to extend personal credit on his own guarantee by ensuring the credit worthiness of the individual seeking personal credit. For personal credit station manager/ head is held accountable for recovery within 30 days. If he is unable to recover the amount with in 30 days credit amount is deducted from his salary. Maximum credit that can be extended by head / manager of domestic station at any specific time is Rs. 20,000 while in case of foreign stations credit amount is limited up to $ 2,000.

SPEED Ex CREDIT:
After realizing the actuality that courier service provided by other companies was costing a lot to the organization, a courier service with the name of Speed Ex was started by PIA back in year 2002 that is functioning as a subsidiary of PIA whose main function is to provide courier service to PIA and other companies. For e.g. Speed Ex is engaged in an agreement with Alfalah Bank that it will deliver all of its deliverables at any destination on credit for the whole month and after a month whatever the bill of service is will be invoiced to the bank. Time period for clearing the debt for Speed Ex credit is 30 days that means debtor is supposed to pay off the debt with in 30 days, if not paid within 30 days financing cost of 1.25% per month is charged. After providing the service as per contract Accounts

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receivable (Speed Ex) is debited and Service income account is credited. When payments are made by the organization, whom service was provided accounts receivable is credit and cash / Bank is credited.

SUNDRY CREDIT:
Credit that cannot be classified into any credit is considered as sundry credit. For e.g. credit expenses made on the visit of CEO at any destination by that destination station are recorded as sundry credit. After recording these expenses as sundry credit an invoice is made in the name of specific department. When expenses are made on credit accounts receivable is debited and sundry expenses account is credited.

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RECONCILIATION
MAIN REASON FOR RECONCILIATION:
Every organization whose job is to provide goods and services wants to generate a surplus i.e. revenue exceeding the expenses that it has rendered to provide those goods and services. The main reason behind reconciliation (R-10) is to find out the net sales in a given time period.

AGENT SALES REPORT (R-10):

All the sales reports by agents are forwarded at PIA stations from where the reports are sent to sales report control unit where the information associated to agent and sales report is recorded after that these sales report are forwarded to reconciliation unit where the reconciliation process takes place. These reports are formulated in two ways 1. Fortnightly i.e. for days ranging from 1 to 15th of a month. 2. Monthly i.e. for the whole month. Agent Sales Report Routing:
AGENT SALES REPORT STATION CONTROLLING HEAD OFFICE DATA PROCESSING CONTROL

STATION PROCESS

R-10
HARD COPY TO GENERAL LEDGER

Process of reconciliation:
After receiving the sales report on fortnightly and monthly basis by agents these reports are sent to Station Controlling Head office. Agents forward their sales report to station, station process the agent report and advance it to station control and head office for further processing after that this data is used by DPC (Data Processing Center) to recheck the process and then a hard copy of that data is sent to General Ledger & station for further processing which helps in reconciliation of data. When all the data is received by reconciliation unit by all the processing units, it generates a final reconciliation report for management perusal. 57

Report:
Reports generated by R-10 unit are in the form of Location Agent Station

Components of R-10:
Sales Commission Dads War risk (WR) Fuel surcharges

Functions of Reconciliation: Receivable = Sales commission (domestic &international) DADS+WR/fuel surcharge +Tax Net sales = Sales commission (domestic &international) +WR/fuel surcharge Net sales = Net sales DADS Receivable 1000 1000 Received 1000 800 Balance 0 200 (unlinked)

Period for payment: The grace period for payment is 45 days. Transaction month: The month in which transactions takes place are called transaction month Processing month: The month whose invoices are in process is terms as processing month.

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Accounting of R-10: Accounting of R-10 depends upon the following entries

Account receivable (Dr) X X X Sales (Cr) X X X

Clash clearness account (Dr) X X X Account receivable (Cr) X X X

Cash (Dr) X X X Clash clearness account (Cr) X X X

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TAX UNIT
Tax unit handle the payment of all sort of taxes.

Types of taxes:
Embarkation fee On Domestic route = 120 100----civil aviation (E bill) 5 % of it PIA takes 20----- Government of Pakistan (G bill) On International route = 700 for economy class and 1300 for business class Billing (invoice) comes from civil aviation. At the end of month PIA tax units receive invoice from all types of taxes either from Govt or civil aviation they pay all taxes with in 45 days. All sort of transaction related to taxes are handled by tax unit of PIA

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REFUND
Refund is claiming back the amount paid by surrendering ticket. The refunds have been classified under two heads that is cases which are settled at 1- Station level 2- Head Office .

TYPES OF REFUND
1. Refund against domestic documents 2. Refund against unexpired or current PIA documents 3. Refund of expired PIA documents 4. Refund against lost documents 5. Replacement documents issued in lieu of lost document 6. Release of bank guarantee/security money or cash deposit 7. Refund against lost-inmail or misplaced documents 8. Refund against wrongly uplifted coupons 9. Retroactive refund of student rebate 10.Refund against excess collection 11.Refund of un-used PTAS 12.Refund of difference of fare on PIA documents on PK flights 13.Refund of difference of fare on PIA documents if journey performed on other Airlines 14.Refund of difference of fare on other Airlines tickets if journey performed on PIA flights 15.Refund of other airlines unexpired documents issued in exchange of PIA documents 16.Refund of other airlines expired documents issued in exchange of PIA documents 17.Refund of documents issued against UATP/ATC Cards 18.Refund of documents issued against credit cards such as AMEXP/DINERS club and other Bank cards 19.Refund of tickets issued against Air Passage Warrants (APW) 20.Refund of PIA and /or other airlines documents where multiple exchanges/complications are involved 21.Extension of validity/Re-issuance of PIA documents 22.Refund of employees rebated tickets 23.Unused OCS and 100% free staff tickets

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24.Reporting of refunds

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CONDITIONS FOR REFUND TICKETS

1. Refunds claims for fully or partly unused documents should be supported with the flight coupons intact with Passengers Coupon. 2. Each claim for difference of fare should be supported with Passengers Coupon in original. 3. Refund is made by the office (station, agents or carrier) which originally collected the passage money. 4. Refund is made in the country and currency of original payment. 5. Refund is made to the person who originally paid for the document or his duly authorized nominee. 6. No refund is entertained after 3 years from date of issue of the document. 7. No refund shall be allowed against domestic lost documents.

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CARGO REVENUE
Introduction:
Cargo revenue is a sub unit of revenue department. It generates 12 to15% of the PIA total revenue. There are 4 units of cargo revenue section, which are as follow cargo sales unit cargo pricing unit cargo lift unit cargo mail unit

Working Procedure:Firstly sales report and airway bill comes from stations to cargo revenue section. Then they are sent to lift after processing. In lift section the fares of airway bill are matched with the rates reports which are approved by the marketing department. In lift section the lifted air way bills are matched with data of air way bills which is saved in cargo file. The data of air way bills is transferred from station where the air way bills are dispatched.

Cargo Revenues
Cargo revenue has grown by implementing Yield Management, basic guidelines of Which have been an increase in Yield / RFTK, per pallet earning, priority to better density, commodities etc. From time to time additional capacity has been arranged by trip leasing aircraft to meet specific market demands. Due to our market credibility, we are preferred for pure cargo charters business. This is apparently due to our long-standing and reliability in Air Freight business worldwide. In Pakistan, Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad are the main cargo stations for PIA. Outside Pakistan, we have been using handling companies to operate standard Terminals and are able to handle cargo as per desired international requirements.

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PIA Cargos Role in Pakistans exports

PIA has played an active role in Pakistans export and has pioneered the opening of certain markets around the globe for Pakistani commodities, particularly perishables (fresh fruits, vegetables, fresh Flowers, seafood). Inspire of open sky policy since 1992, as a result of which other carriers have been able to induct capacity at will, PIA cargo has retained its market share in the uplift of perishables. Annually PIA is uplifting 13,000 tons of perishables, out of which significant movement is the uplift of mangoes during June-September, which is approximately 5000 tones. PIA keeps a very close liaison with exporters of Pakistan directly and through various associations, Chambers of Commerce and Export Promotion bureau. As a national carrier, we remain aware of our responsibility to assist exports and we continuously plan and formulate policies to ensure efficient flow of exports. We have also actively participated in various export exhibitions of Pakistani goods all over the world, by carrying exhibition goods on special terms.

PIAs Major Commodities ex-Pakistan

PIA is uplifting around 30,000 tons cargo per year including dry and perishables exPakistan.

Commodity

Percentage of Total Uplift

(Dry cargo . . . . . . 48%) Garments/Textile Carpets Finished Leather/Leather products Surgical Sports goods General cargo Perishable cargo. . . . . . . . 29% 12% 25% 10% 3% 21% 52%

PIA has specialized in uplift of special cargo like Relief goods, live animals ( sheep, cows, camels, horses) shipments for cargo aircraft only etc. These commodities have been uplifted from time to time, on our freighters leased on trip lease basis .

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PIA Cargo Network Besides country wide domestic network, cargo is directly serving 40 international destinations round the globe, while rest of the world is being served through interline carriage beyond PK points. PIA's average cargo revenue is around US dollar 82 million per year, with system uplift of approx. 75,000 tons, on an average system wide yield of US dollar 1.10 per kilogram. PIA, s network is spread over internationally defined freedoms as mentioned in the chart below.

Freedom wise performance average tons uplift per year. PIA has divided its network in 09 different regions according to the geographical location of the stations. Out of total revenue, 49% is earned in Pak rupees, while 51% of the system revenue is being earned in foreign exchange. Region wise revenue/tonnage contribution to the system is as given below.

Region wise performance

PIA's international network is charted below.

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Automation
During the last decade PIA has systematically automated its cargo reservations, Warehouse and terminals at all major stations . The FAST-IV system through SITA was Installed and at the moment almost 80% of PIA cargo activities are automated. The use of this Electronic system has improved the service standards and brought the airline in with other developed carriers.

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