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    Robotics Functions

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    Nuruliawati Yuwono
    Robots are programmable machines that can perform physical tasks by moving parts or tools. They can be classified as either stationary or mobile, and as either non-adaptive by performing set tasks regardless of environment or adaptive by sensing and responding to the environment. Robots move using degrees of freedom along axes and can move in pick-and-place, point-to-point, or contouring patterns. The key components of a robotic system include its physical structure, actuators to move parts, sensors to receive environmental inputs, a power supply, and a controller to process inputs and direct outputs. Sensors receive signals, the controller processes these into outputs to actuators, which then carry out physical actions. Programming can be done either

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    Robotics Functions

    Uploaded by

    Nuruliawati Yuwono
    87 views13 pages
    Robots are programmable machines that can perform physical tasks by moving parts or tools. They can be classified as either stationary or mobile, and as either non-adaptive by performing set tasks regardless of environment or adaptive by sensing and responding to the environment. Robots move using degrees of freedom along axes and can move in pick-and-place, point-to-point, or contouring patterns. The key components of a robotic system include its physical structure, actuators to move parts, sensors to receive environmental inputs, a power supply, and a controller to process inputs and direct outputs. Sensors receive signals, the controller processes these into outputs to actuators, which then carry out physical actions. Programming can be done either

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    Robots are programmable machines that can perform physical tasks by moving parts or tools. They can be classified as either stationary or mobile, and as either non-adaptive by performing set tasks regardless of environment or adaptive by sensing and responding to the environment. Robots move using degrees of freedom along axes and can move in pick-and-place, point-to-point, or contouring patterns. The key components of a robotic system include its physical structure, actuators to move parts, sensors to receive environmental inputs, a power supply, and a controller to process inputs and direct outputs. Sensors receive signals, the controller processes these into outputs to actuators, which then carry out physical actions. Programming can be done either

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    87 views13 pages

    Robotics Functions

    Uploaded by

    Nuruliawati Yuwono
    Robots are programmable machines that can perform physical tasks by moving parts or tools. They can be classified as either stationary or mobile, and as either non-adaptive by performing set tasks regardless of environment or adaptive by sensing and responding to the environment. Robots move using degrees of freedom along axes and can move in pick-and-place, point-to-point, or contouring patterns. The key components of a robotic system include its physical structure, actuators to move parts, sensors to receive environmental inputs, a power supply, and a controller to process inputs and direct outputs. Sensors receive signals, the controller processes these into outputs to actuators, which then carry out physical actions. Programming can be done either

    Copyright:

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    of 13

    The Function of Robots

    Hardware- Robots
    Robots

    are programmable computers designed to perform a variety of tasks by moving parts, tools or specialised devices. Non- adaptive robots - no way of sensing the

    environment, so do the job regardless of any environmental factors Adaptive Robots - get feedback from a sensor to alter the operation of the device. Robots can also be classified according to whether they are stationary or mobile. Mobile robots are free to move around, but stationary robots remain in 1 place but have arms that move.

    Movement
    Robotic

    motion is described in degrees of freedom. One degree of freedom is equal to one movement either back and forth or round in a circle. The way robots move can be defined as Pick and Place only 2 positions per axis Point to Point movement controlled from one point to another Contouring allows the robot to follow a path of a smooth curve.

    Degrees of Freedom

    Degrees of Freedom

    Pivot Base of Arm

    Rotate Base of Arm

    Bend Elbow

    Wrist Up and Down

    Rotate wrist

    Wrist Left and Right

    Components of Human body System


    Body Structure Muscle System

    Components of a Robotic System


    Physical structure - gears, screw divers, levers Actuators (motors), e.g. electric motors, solenoids, pneumatic or hydraulic actions Sensor system - direct contact (e.g. touch ) or non-contact (e.g. light, infrared) Power supply mains or batteries Controller ( brain) e.g. microprocessors and software

    Functions of robotic components


    Provides movable body parts Converts energy and signals to actions to move body parts Receives information about the robots environment Provides necessary power to activate actuators and sensors Processes information from sensors and sends appropriate commands to actuators.

    Sensory System

    Power Source

    Brain System

    How a robot works


    Robot

    sensors receive signals from the environment and pass them to controller. Robot controller processes signals from sensors into output signals to move the robots parts These output signals are sent to actuators (output devices) to tell them to carry out some action. End Effectors particular types of actuators and are connected to end of robot arm..

    Software Programs to control Robots


    Programming

    languages may use different techniques to perform tasks Online programming teaching the robot the path it must take. The path is recorded and program is generated Offline Programming the program instructions are written to control the robots motions before the robot is put to action ( e.g. Robolab). Once full program has been written it is tested on the robot.

    Sensors
    A

    sensor is an input device that measures data from the environment. Different sensors are:
    Temperature Sensors - measures temperature of air or body Light Sensors measures intensity of light Motion Sensors movement of objects Touch Sensors measures whether 2 objects have come into contact Pressure Sensors measures the exertion of a force Flow Sensors detects the motion of fluids

    Controllers
    Robots

    are controlled using a processor. A microcontroller is an integrated circuit and has all components of a computer.

    Actuators
    An

    actuator performs the physical action of the robot. Some common actuators are:
    Electric motors (most common) Solenoids Stepper Motors Hydraulic Pumps

    End Effectors

    These are particular types of actuators that are connected to the end of a robot arm. End effectors may be
    Vacuum Grippers Magnetic Grippers Tools

    Different sets of instructions are required for different end effectors.

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