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Common-Sense Science Safety in Your Classroom Exploring Your Textbook Investigating Science and Technology 7 xviii xxi
A17 Thinking about Science and the Environment Mapping Consequences Science and Technology in Your World The Wainfleet Bog

UNIT

Interactions in the Environment

A1 Quick Lab Interactions and Connections A2 Thinking about Science, Technology, Society, and the Environment What Is Stewardship? 6

30 31

1.0 Chapter Review

A18 Thinking about Science and the Environment Zoos and Ecosystems

32
33

2.0
6

Interactions in ecosystems support the transfer of energy and the cycling of matter.
A19 Quick Lab Recycling Paper

34
37

1.0

Ecosystems are communities where biotic and abiotic elements interact.

A3 Quick Lab Ecosystems Are Everywhere

8
11

2.1 The Transfer of Energy in Ecosystems

A20 Starting Point Representing Food Chains A21 During Reading Reading like a Writer A22 Quick Lab Pass It On Check and Reflect A23 Thinking about Science and the Environment Holes in the Food Web

38
38 40 41 42 42

1.1 Interactions of Biotic and Abiotic Elements

A4 Starting Point Living and Non-living Things in Ecosystems A5 During Reading Let the Titles Guide You A6 Quick Lab Interactions of Biotic and Abiotic Elements Check and Reflect A7 Thinking about Science and the Environment Your Ecosystems Mind Map

12
12 13 15 16 16

2.2 Cycling Matter

A24 Starting Point Organic Wastes and You A25 Learning Checkpoint Going in Circles A26 Problem-Solving Activity Redesign a Package Check and Reflect A27 Thinking about Science and the Environment Chemicals in Food Chains

43
43 44 46 47 47

1.2 The Roles of Producers

A8 Starting Point The Year with No Summer A9 Learning Checkpoint Plants and the Sun A10 During Reading Reading like a Writer A11 Quick Lab How an Abiotic Element Affects Producers Check and Reflect A12 Thinking about Science and the Environment Connections

17
17 20 21 22 23 23

2.3 Interactions and Changes in Ecosystems

A28 Starting Point Limiting Factors A29 During Reading Visualizing A30 Design a Lab Competition in Ecosystems A31 Inquiry Activity Ecosystem in a Jar, Part 2 Check and Reflect A32 Thinking about Science and the Environment Revisiting Your Consequences Map Science and Technology in Your World Foresters

48
48 50 52 53 54 54 55

1.3 Producers and Consumers

A13 Starting Point Where Does Their Food Come From? A14 During Reading Origins of Scientific Words A15 Quick Lab Food Chains and You A16 Inquiry Activity Ecosystem in a Jar, Part 1 Check and Reflect x

24
24 25 28 29 30

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2.0 Chapter Review

A33 Thinking about Science and the Environment Impact of Expanding Human Habitats on Other Living Things

56

Making Connections Rewilding

81

57

3.0 Chapter Review

A49 Thinking about Science and the Environment Stewardship

82
83

3.0

We can change our actions and technologies to better protect the environment.
A34 Quick Lab Dealing with Sudden Natural Events

58
61

Unit A Summary Unit A Task Unit A Review

84 85 86
89

3.1 Succession, Recovery, and Renewal in Natural Communities

A35 Starting Point What Happens to a Vacant Lot? A36 Learning Checkpoint Change Over Time A37 Decision-Making Analysis Managing Forests and Forest Fires Check and Reflect A38 Thinking about Science and the Environment Declaring War on Weeds

62
62 65 66 67 67

A50 Thinking about Science, Technology, Society, and the Environment Can you go carbon neutral?

3.2 The Environmental Impact of Humans 68

A39 Starting Point Ecotourism A40 During Writing Gathering Ideas for Writing A41 Decision-Making Analysis Taking Out the E-Trash A42 Problem-Solving Activity Cleaning Up an Oil Spill Check and Reflect A43 Thinking about Science and the Environment Limiting Factors and Human Communities 68 70 71 72 73

73

3.3 Sustainable Human Communities

A44 Starting Point Too Much Phosphorus in the Water A45 During Writing Considering Other Opinions A46 Decision-Making Analysis What kind of car will you be driving? A47 Decision-Making Analysis What do you want to do today? Check and Reflect A48 Thinking about Science and the Environment Positive Actions for the Environment

74
74 76 78 79 80

80 xi

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UNIT

Structures: Form

90
Science and Technology in Your World Confederation Bridge 123

and

Function
4.0 Chapter Review 124
94 B21 Thinking about Science and Technology Structures and Technology 125

B1 Quick Lab Design a Better Desk B2 Thinking about Science, Technology, Society, and the Environment Considering Form and Function

94

5.0 4.0
Designers consider the form and the function of a structure and the forces that act on it. 96
B3 Quick Lab Wind Effects 99

Good design, materials, and construction make structures stable and strong.
B22 Quick Lab Materials and Fasteners Hunt

126
129

5.1 Stabilizing Structures

B23 Starting Point The Tipping Point B24 Learning Checkpoint Triangular Strength B25 During Reading Inferring B26 Quick Lab Stability B27 Inquiry Activity Structural Components and Materials Check and Reflect

130
130 131 135 137 138 139

4.1 Classification of Structures

B4 Starting Point Have a Seat B5 During Reading Making Connections B6 Learning Checkpoint Classifying Structures B7 Quick Lab Building Solid, Frame, and Shell Structures B8 Quick Lab Unpacking the Packaging Check and Reflect B9 Thinking about Science and Technology Structures in Your Lunchbox

100
100 101 102 105 106 107 107

B28 Thinking about Science and Technology News Flash 139

5.2 Elements of Design

B29 Starting Point Bicycles Built for Two B30 During Reading Inferring B32 Quick Lab Supporting a Load B33 Problem-Solving Activity Newspaper Bookcase Check and Reflect

140
140 142 144 145 146

4.2 Forces That Can Act on Structures 108

B10 Starting Point Gravity Is a Force B11 During Reading Note Taking B12 Quick Lab What It Feels Like to Be a Structure B13 Quick Lab Raise the Flag Check and Reflect 108 109 113 114 115

B31 Learning Checkpoint Design and Function 143

B14 Thinking about Science and Technology Damaged Structures 115

B34 Thinking about Science and Technology An Aging Population 146 Science and Technology in Your World Beth Anne Currie, Childrens Environment and Health Consultant 147

4.3 Designing for Safety

B15 Starting Point Everyday Failures B16 During Reading Making Connections B17 Learning Checkpoint Designing for Risks B18 Quick Lab Be an Inspector B19 Inquiry Activity Loads to Measure Check and Reflect

116
116 117 118 120 121 122

5.0 Chapter Review

148

B35 Thinking about Science and Technology Car Sales 149

B20 Thinking about Science and Technology Safe Activities 122 xii

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6.0

The lifespans of structures need to be considered to make responsible decisions. 150

B36 Quick Lab How Many Phones? 153

Unit B Summary Unit B Task Unit B Review

B53 Thinking about Science, Technology, Society, and the Environment Structures and You

178 179 180

183

6.1 Determining Consumer Need

B37 Starting Point Reading Advertisements B38 During Writing Anticipating Readers Questions B39 Design a Lab Surveying the Market B40 Quick Lab Wise Choices Check and Reflect

154
154 156 159 160 161

B41 Thinking about Science and Technology Science and Advertising 161

6.2 Lifespans of Common Structures

B42 Starting Point Where Did It Go? B43 Learning Checkpoint Everything Has a Lifespan B44 Quick Lab Research a Lifespan B45 Decision-Making Analysis Altering a Product Lifespan Check and Reflect

162
162 163 166 167 168

B46 Thinking about Science and Technology Product Disposal 168

6.3 Exploring Greener Options

B47 Starting Point Take Stock B48 During Writing Reorganizing Ideas: ARMS B49 Quick Lab Personal Action Plan B50 Decision-Making Analysis How Green Can We Be? Check and Reflect

169
169 171 172 173 174

B51 Thinking about Science and Technology Re-structures 174 Making Connections A Changing Centre of Gravity 175

6.0 Chapter Review

176

B52 Thinking about Science and Technology Whats in a Bag? 177

xiii

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UNIT

Pure Substances and Mixtures

C1 Quick Lab Concentrating a Mixture A Simulation C2 Thinking about Science, Technology, Society, and the Environment Environmental Impact of Maple Syrup Production 188

184

8.0

Mixtures and solutions can be analyzed through concentration, solubility, and separation. 210
C14 Quick Lab Making a Solution 213

8.1 Solutions: Concentration and Solubility

C15 Starting Point Dissolving Common Kitchen Ingredients in Water C16 During Reading Pause and Check C17 Learning Checkpoint Components of Solutions C18 Quick Lab Soluble or Insoluble Check and Reflect C19 Thinking about Science and the Environment Solutes and Solvents

214
214 215 216 218 219 219

188

7.0

The particle theory of matter can be used to describe pure substances and mixtures.
C3 Quick Lab Animal, Plant, or Mineral

190
193

7.1 Classification of Matter by Composition

C4 Starting Point Classify This C6 Inquiry Activity Classifying Substances by Composition Check and Reflect C7 Thinking about Science and Technology Classifying Common Substances

194
194

8.2 Factors Affecting Solubility

C20 Starting Point One Lump or Two Teaspoons C21 Learning Checkpoint Using a Particle Diagram to Explain Rate of Dissolving C22 Design a Lab Growing Crystals

220
220 223 224

C5 During Reading A Hypothesis Is a Prediction 196 197 198 198

C23 Quick Lab Particle Size and Rate of Dissolving 224 C24 Inquiry Activity Factors Affecting Rate of Dissolving Check and Reflect C25 Thinking about Science and the Environment Winter Safety and Salt on Roads 225 226 226

7.2 The Particle Theory of Matter

C8 Starting Point Sugar Cubes and Particles C9 Learning Checkpoint Particle Theory Points to Ponder C10 Inquiry Activity Acting Out the Particle Theory C11 Inquiry Activity Melting and Freezing of Deodorizer Blocks Check and Reflect

199
199 201 204 205 206

8.3 Separating Solutions and Mechanical Mixtures

C26 Starting Point Coffee Filter Chromatography C27 During Reading Checking the Meaning of Key Words C28 Problem-Solving Activity Designing a Method to Separate a Mixture

227
227 230 232 233 234

C12 Thinking about Science and Technology Using Models 206 Science and Technology in Your World Carbon Dioxide: Dry Ice and Greenhouse Gas

207

C29 Inquiry Activity Separating a Mixture of Nails, Salt, Sand, Oil, and Water Check and Reflect C30 Thinking about Science and the Environment Carbon Removal and the Environment

7.0 Chapter Review

208

C13 Thinking about Science and Technology Polluted Air 209

234

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Science and Technology in Your World Careers in Consumer Products Safety

C45 Decision-Making Analysis Dealing with Dangerous Disposal Practices 235 Check and Reflect C46 Thinking about Science, Technology, Society, and the Environment The Cost of Generating Electricity Making Connections The Brazil Nut Effect

261 262

8.0 Chapter Review

C31 Thinking about Science and the Environment What Colour Is Your Food?

236
237

262 263

9.0

The everyday use of mixtures and solutions has an impact on society and the environment. 238
C32 Quick Lab Sifting for Precious Metals 241

9.0 Chapter Review

C47 Thinking about Science, Technology, Society, and the Environment Bottled Water

264
265

9.1 Industrial Methods of Separating Components of Mixtures

C33 Starting Point Distillation of Antifreeze C35 Quick Lab Using Magnetism to Separate Recycled Metals Check and Reflect C36 Thinking about Science, Technology, Society, and the Environment Separating Industrial Mixtures

242
242

Unit C Summary Unit C Task Unit C Review

266 267 268

271

C34 Learning Checkpoint Fractional Distillation 243 245 246

C48 Thinking about Science, Technology, Society, and the Environment Changing Your Consumption Habits

246

9.2 Impact of Industrial Methods of Separating Mixtures and Solutions

C37 Starting Point Industrial Methods of Separating Pure Substances and Mixtures C38 During Writing Elements of Procedural/Sequential Writing C39 Quick Lab Benefits of an Air Filter on Indoor Air Quality C40 Inquiry Activity Removing Carbon Dioxide from Air Check and Reflect C41 Thinking about Science, Technology, Society, and the Environment Air Purifiers

247
247 249 251 252 253 253

9.3 Effects of Use and Disposal of Pure Substances and Mixtures on the Environment 254
C42 Starting Point Dilution versus Pollution C43 During Writing Using Procedural/ Sequential Pattern C44 Decision-Making Analysis Community Treatment of Waste Water 254 257 260 xv

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UNIT

Heat in the Environment

D1 Quick Lab Heat in Your Home D2 Thinking about Science, Technology, Society, and the Environment The Environment in the News 276

272
D17 Learning Checkpoint Identifying Heat Transfers D18 Quick Lab Battling Bottles D19 Inquiry Activity Youre Getting Warmer Check and Reflect 304 306 307 308

276

D20 Thinking about Science and Technology Hot or Not? 308 Science and Technology in Your World Phil Nuytten Engineer and Deep-Sea Explorer 309

10.0

Heat causes changes in solids, liquids, and gases.

D3 Quick Lab What Is Hot? What Is Not?

278
281

10.0 Chapter Review

310

10.1 Energy Transformations

D4 Starting Point Talking about Forms of Energy D5 Learning Checkpoint Ten Terrific Forms of Energy D6 Inquiry Activity Amazing Transformations Check and Reflect D7 Thinking about Science and Technology Exciting Energy

282
282 284 285 286 286

D21 Thinking about Science and Technology Heating Past and Present 311

11.0

Heat plays an important role in nature. 312

D22 Quick Lab Cycling Water and Heat 315

11.1 Heat Affects the Air Around Us

D23 Starting Point Coming Up for Air D24 During Reading Question Types D25 Learning Checkpoint Reflecting on the Sun D26 Inquiry Activity Curious Candle Check and Reflect D27 Thinking about Science and the Environment Mapping the Atmosphere

316
316 317 319 320 321 321

10.2 What Is Hot? What Is Cold?

D8 Starting Point Heating Things Up and Cooling Things Down D9 During Reading Important versus Interesting Information D10 Inquiry Activity Heating Up Check and Reflect

287
287 289 292 293

D11 Thinking about Science and Technology Heat Technologies in Your Life 293

11.2 Heat Affects Water

D28 Starting Point Wonderful Water D29 Learning Checkpoint Weather and the Water Cycle

322
322 324

10.3 Changes of State

D12 Starting Point Particles and Changes in Matter D13 Inquiry Activity Melting Away D14 Quick Lab Teacher Demonstration Fast Change Check and Reflect

294
294 298 299 300

D30 Inquiry Activity Bottled Weather Teacher Demonstration 327 Check and Reflect D31 Thinking about Science and the Environment Monitoring the Oceans Argo 328 328

D15 Thinking about Science and Technology Keeping the Warm Air In 300

11.3 Heat Affects Land

D32 Starting Point Earths Mysterious History D33 During Reading Facts Questions Responses

329
329 330

10.4 Heat Transfer

D16 Starting Point Thinking Things Through xvi

301
301

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D34 Learning Checkpoint How Rocks and Minerals Form D35 Quick Lab Colour in a Beaker D36 Inquiry Activity Crystallize Your Thinking Check and Reflect D37 Thinking about Science and the Environment A Volcano in the Neighbourhood Science and Technology in Your World Hurricane Katrina

Check and Reflect 334 336 336 338 338 339 D52 Thinking about Science and the Environment Its Your Choice Making Connections The Snake and the Squirrel

366 366 367

12.0 Chapter Review

D53 Thinking about Science and the Environment Take Action Now

368
369

11.0 Chapter Review

D38 Thinking about Science and the Environment Disaster Preparedness

340
341

Unit D Summary Unit D Task

370 371 372

375

12.0

Heat technologies offer benefits and require choices. 342

D39 Quick Lab Keep Your Cool 345

Unit D Review
D54 Thinking about Science, Technology, Society, and the Environment Tie It All Together

12.1 Energy Transformations and Heat Pollution

D40 Starting Point Go with the Flow D41 Learning Checkpoint Energy Conversion D42 Quick Lab Heat Transfers Between Containers Check and Reflect D43 Thinking about Science and the Environment Extra Energy

346
346 347

Toolkits Glossary

376 412 419 425

349 350 350

Index Photo Credits and Acknowledgements

12.2 Heat, Gases, and the Atmosphere

D44 Starting Point Heat Islands D45 During Writing Cause or Effect or Both? D46 Inquiry Activity Make Your Own Greenhouse D47 Decision-Making Analysis Reduce, Re-use, Recycle, Recover Check and Reflect D48 Thinking about Science and the Environment Read All about It

351
351 352 356 357 358 358

12.3 Managing Heat Issues

D49 Starting Point Sorting Things Out D50 During Writing Point, Proof, Comment D51 Decision-Making Analysis Cutting Energy Costs

359
359 360 365

xvii