Descriptive Statistics & Histograms AGE: Confidence Interval For Mean of Age

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS & HISTOGRAMS
AGE
Variable
C3
Percent
100
Mean
33,754
StDev
13,981
Q1
23,000
Median
27,000
Q3
44,000
Range
51,000
Confidence Interval for Mean of Age

The assumed standard deviation = 13,981
N
207
Mean
33,754
SE Mean
0,972
95% CI
(31,849; 35,659)
Relative Frequency Histogram of Age
Frequency Histogram of Age
Normal
Normal
35
Mean
StDev
N
30
16
33,75
13,98
207
14
Percent
Frequency
20
15
Mean
StDev
N
33,75
13,98
207
10
8
6
10
2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
10
20
30
AGE
60
70
Normal
Mean
StDev
N
33,75
13,98
207
100
Cumulative Percent
200
150
100
50
80
60
40
20
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
10
20
30
40
AGE
Age
RHL
Variable
C14
Percent
100
Mean
18,215
StDev
1,141
Q1
17,300
Median
18,200
Q3
19,000
Range
5,200
Median
Q3
Range
Confidence Interval for Mean of RHL

N
207
50
Cumulative Relative Frequency Histogram of Age
Normal
40
AGE
Cumulative Frequency Histogram of Age
Cumulative Frequency
33,75
13,98
207
12
25
Mean
StDev
N
Mean
18,2150
SE Mean
0,0793
95% CI
(18,0596; 18,3704)
LHL
Variable
Percent
Mean
StDev
Q1
50
60
70
C15
100
18,223
1,140
17,400
18,100
19,100
5,000
Confidence Interval for Mean of LHL

N
207
Mean
18,2230
SE Mean
0,0792
95% CI
(18,0677; 18,3783)
RHW
Variable
C16
Percent
100
Mean
8,3222
StDev
0,6413
Q1
7,8000
Median
8,3000
Q3
8,8000
Range
2,9000 rhw
Median
8,3000
Q3
8,8000
Range
2,7000
Confidence Interval for Mean of RHW

N
207
Mean
8,3222
SE Mean
0,0446
95% CI
(8,2348; 8,4096)
LHW
Variable
C17
Percent
100
Mean
8,3019
StDev
0,6406
Q1
7,7000
lhw
Confidence Interval for Mean of LHW

N
207
Mean
8,3019
SE Mean
0,0445
95% CI
(8,2146; 8,3892)
RWC
Variable
C18
Percent
100
Mean
16,789
StDev
1,373
Q1
15,600
Median
17,000
Q3
17,800
Median
Q3
Range
6,300 rwc
Confidence Interval for Mean of RHW

N
207
Mean
16,7890
SE Mean
0,0954
95% CI
(16,6020; 16,9760)
LWC
Variable
Percent
Mean
StDev
Q1
Range
C19
100
16,793
1,382
15,700
17,000
17,800
6,800
Confidence Interval for Mean of LWC

N
207
Mean
16,7930
SE Mean
0,0961
95% CI
(16,6047; 16,9813)
CHECKING ASSUMPTION
NORMALITY &EQUAL VARIANCES TESTS
normality test for Age
normality test for RHL
Normal
Normal
99,9
Mean
StDev
N
AD
P-Value
99
33,75
13,98
207
11,108
<0,005
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
99
95
90
Percent
Percent
95
90
99,9
10
0,1
0,1
20
40
60
80
14
15
16
Age
17
18
RHL
Mean
StDev
N
AD
P-Value
95
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
18,22
1,140
207
0,545
0,160
99
95
90
Percent
Percent
21
99,9
99
10
10
0,1
0,1
15
16
17
18
LHL
19
20
21
22
10
normality test for RHW

Normal
99,9
99,9
Mean
16,79
StDev
1,373
N
207
AD
1,436
P-Value <0,005
99
95
95
90
Percent
50
20
5
Mean
StDev
N
AD
P-Value
99
80
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
5
13
14
15
16
17
RWC
8,302
0,6406
207
1,109
0,006
LHW
Normal
12
Mean
StDev
N
AD
P-Value
22
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
normality test for RWC
Percent
20
Normal
Normal
0,1
19
normality test for LHW
normality test for LHL

99,9
14
18,21
1,141
207
0,560
0,146
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Mean
StDev
N
AD
P-Value
18
19
20
21
0,1
9
RHW
10
8,322
0,6413
207
1,096
0,007
normality test for LWC

Normal
99,9
Mean
StDev
N
AD
P-Value
99
Percent
95
90
H0 : The distribution is distributed normal
16,79
1,382
207
1,331
<0,005
H1: The distribution is not normal
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
For tests which give a P-value smaller tahn 0.05 we

reject the hypotesis and conclude that the distribution is not
normal. So, by looking their P-values we conclude that RHL
and LHL distributes normally but the others are not.
10
5
1
0,1
12
13
14
15
16
17
LWC
18
19
20
21
ANOVA
General Linear Model: dds versus age group; bmi group; ...
Factor
age group
bmi group
job group
region
gender
Type
fixed
fixed
fixed
fixed
fixed
Levels
5
3
3
8
2
Values
1; 2; 3; 4; 5
1; 2; 3
1; 2; 3
1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8
0; 1
Analysis of Variance for dds, using Adjusted SS for Tests

Source
age group
bmi group
job group
region
gender
Error
Total
DF
4
2
2
7
1
190
206
S = 6,75265
Seq SS
2531,1
3353,6
3322,3
703,9
11748,7
8663,7
30323,3
Adj SS
1949,8
569,7
369,1
146,0
11748,7
8663,7
R-Sq = 71,43%
H0 : i = 0
H1: i
Type
fixed
fixed
fixed
fixed
F
10,69
6,25
4,05
0,46
257,66
P
0,000
0,002
0,019
0,864
0,000
R-Sq(adj) = 69,02%
The only P-value grater than 0.05 is for region. So, it results in not rejecting the null hypotesis and
concluding that the for region is zero and changes in region has no significant effect on grip
strength. While other factors have significant effects on DDS.
0 for all i
en
Factor
age group
bmi group
job group
gender
Adj MS
487,5
284,8
184,6
20,9
11748,7
45,6
Levels
5
3
3
2
Values
1; 2; 3; 4; 5
1; 2; 3
1; 2; 3
0; 1
Analysis of Variance for dds, using Adjusted SS for Tests

Source
age group
bmi group
job group
gender
Error
Total
S = 6,68724
DF
4
2
2
1
197
206
Seq SS
2531,1
3353,6
3322,3
12306,6
8809,7
30323,3
Adj SS
2054,9
530,3
366,4
12306,6
8809,7
R-Sq = 70,95%
Adj MS
513,7
265,1
183,2
12306,6
44,7
F
11,49
5,93
4,10
275,20
P
0,000
0,003
0,018
0,000
R-Sq(adj) = 69,62%
TUKEYS TEST
In Tukeys test, if the confidence interval contains zero, it means that these 2 levels have no
significant difference in their means of corresponding responses. Otherwise we conclude that they have
significant difference.
Tukey 95,0% Simultaneous Confidence Intervals
Response Variable dds

All Pairwise Comparisons among Levels of gender
gender = 0 subtracted from:
gender
1
Lower
15,47
Center
17,56
Upper
19,65
-+---------+---------+---------+----(----------------*-----------------)
-+---------+---------+---------+----15,6
16,8
18,0
19,2
**Here, confidence interval does not contain zero, so we conclude that they have significant
difference between the means of the corresponding responses of the two levels of gender.
Tukey Simultaneous Tests
All Pairwise Comparisons among Levels of gender
gender = 0 subtracted from:
gender
1
Difference
of Means
17,56
SE of
Difference
1,059
T-Value
16,59
Adjusted
P-Value
0,0000

All Pairwise Comparisons among Levels of age group
age group = 1 subtracted from:
age
group
2
3
4
5
Lower
-3,92
-7,07
-11,69
-17,11
Center
0,27
-2,37
-6,54
-11,69
Upper
4,457
2,329
-1,395
-6,265
-----+---------+---------+---------+(-----*-----)
(------*-----)
(-------*------)
(------*-------)
-----+---------+---------+---------+-14,0
-7,0
0,0
7,0
**Here, confidence interval contains zero for age groups 2 and 3 , so we conclude that there is no
significant difference between the means of the corresponding responses of 1-2 and 1-3; but there is a
significant difference between 1-4 and 1-5.
age group = 2
subtracted from:
age
group
3
4
5
Center
-2,64
-6,81
-11,96
Lower
-7,72
-12,19
-17,83
Upper
2,443
-1,439
-6,079
-----+---------+---------+---------+(------*------)
(------*-------)
(-------*-------)
-----+---------+---------+---------+-14,0
-7,0
0,0
7,0
**Here, confidence interval contains zero for age group 3 , so we conclude that there is no
significant difference between the means of the corresponding responses of 2-3; but there is a
significant difference between 2-4 and 2-5.
age group = 3
subtracted from:
age
group
4
5
Center
-4,173
-9,316
Lower
-9,82
-15,50
Upper
1,476
-3,134
-----+---------+---------+---------+(-------*-------)
(--------*--------)
-----+---------+---------+---------+-14,0
-7,0
0,0
7,0
significant difference between 3-5.
age group = 4
subtracted from:
age
group
5
Center
-5,143
Lower
-11,57
Upper
1,281
-----+---------+---------+---------+(---------*--------)
-----+---------+---------+---------+-14,0
-7,0
0,0
7,0
significant difference between the means of the corresponding responses of 4-5.

All Pairwise Comparisons among Levels of age group
age group = 1 subtracted from:
age
group
2
3
4
5
Difference
of Means
0,27
-2,37
-6,54
-11,69
age group = 2
age
group
3
4
5
age
group
4
5
age
group
5
Adjusted
P-Value
0,9998
0,6362
0,0052
0,0000
SE of
Difference
1,848
1,954
2,137
T-Value
-1,429
-3,487
-5,595
Adjusted
P-Value
0,6099
0,0054
0,0000
T-Value
-2,032
-4,145
Adjusted
P-Value
0,2546
0,0005
T-Value
-2,202
Adjusted
P-Value
0,1832
subtracted from:
Difference
of Means
-4,173
-9,316
age group = 4
T-Value
0,177
-1,388
-3,496
-5,929
subtracted from:
Difference
of Means
-2,64
-6,81
-11,96
age group = 3
SE of
Difference
1,522
1,709
1,872
1,971
SE of
Difference
2,053
2,247
subtracted from:
Difference
of Means
-5,143
SE of
Difference
2,335
**As we confirmed by confidence interval tests, we get the same conclusion by the P-Value tests. When
we have a P-valus less than 0,05, we reject the null hypothesis that there is no significant
difference between the means of corresponding responses of these levels and conclude that there is a
All Pairwise Comparisons among Levels of bmi group
bmi group = 1 subtracted from:
bmi
group
2
3
Lower
-0,4969
1,7715
Center
3,927
6,572
Upper
8,352
11,372
-+---------+---------+---------+----(-----------*------------)
(-------------*------------)
-+---------+---------+---------+----0,0
3,5
7,0
10,5
**Here, confidence interval contains zero for bmi group 2 , so we conclude that there is no
bmi group = 2
bmi
group
3
Lower
0,04763
subtracted from:
Center
2,644
Upper
5,241
-+---------+---------+---------+----(-------*------)
-+---------+---------+---------+----0,0
3,5
7,0
10,5
**Here, confidence interval does not contain zero for bmi group 3 , so we conclude that there is
All Pairwise Comparisons among Levels of bmi group
bmi group = 1 subtracted from:
bmi
group
2
3
Difference
of Means
3,927
6,572
bmi group = 2
bmi
group
3
SE of
Difference
1,873
2,033
T-Value
2,097
3,233
Adjusted
P-Value
0,0932
0,0041
T-Value
2,405
Adjusted
P-Value
0,0449
subtracted from:
Difference
of Means
2,644
SE of
Difference
1,099
All Pairwise Comparisons among Levels of job group
job group = 1 subtracted from:
job
group
2
3
Lower
-2,435
0,498
Center
0,5296
5,1634
Upper
3,494
9,829
-------+---------+---------+--------(--------*-------)
(-------------*------------)
-------+---------+---------+--------0,0
3,5
7,0
**Here, confidence interval contains zero for job group 2 , so we conclude that there is no
job group = 2
subtracted from:
job
group
3
Center
4,634
Lower
0,6741
Upper
8,593
-------+---------+---------+--------(----------*-----------)
-------+---------+---------+--------0,0
3,5
7,0
**Here, confidence interval does not contain zero for job group 3 , so we conclude that there is
All Pairwise Comparisons among Levels of job group
job group = 1 subtracted from:
job
group
2
3
Difference
of Means
0,5296
5,1634
job group = 2
job
group
3
SE of
Difference
1,255
1,975
T-Value
0,4219
2,6138
Adjusted
P-Value
0,9066
0,0260
T-Value
2,764
Adjusted
P-Value
0,0171
subtracted from:
Difference
of Means
4,634
SE of
Difference
1,677
The following terms cannot be estimated and were removed:
gender*age group*job group
gender*age group*bmi group*job group
SCATTER PLOTS FOR INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

Scatterplot of dds vs h
70
60
60
50
50
dds
dds
Scatterplot of dds vs age

70
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
20
30
40
50
60
150
70
160
170
70
70
60
60
50
50
dds
dds
190
200
Scatterplot of dds vs rhl
Scatterplot of dds vs w
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
40
50
60
70
80
w
90
100
110
15
120
16
17
18
rhl
19
20
21
Scatterplot of rwc vs rhw
Scatterplot of dds vs rhw

70
20
60
19
50
18
rwc
dds
180
h
age
40
17
16
30
15
20
14
13
10
7,0
7,5
8,0
8,5
rhw
9,0
9,5
10,0
7,0
7,5
8,0
8,5
rhw
9,0
9,5
10,0
CORRELATION MATRIX
Correlations: rhw; rhl; rwc; age; h; w for females
rhw
0,450
0,000
rhl
rwc
0,493
0,000
0,339
0,002
age
0,269
0,017
0,049
0,669
0,541
0,000
-0,109
0,337
0,244
0,030
-0,328
0,003
-0,567
0,000
0,440
0,000
0,264
0,019
0,800
0,000
0,494
0,000
rhl
rwc
age
H0: p = 0
Cell Contents: Pearson correlation

P-Value
versus H1: p 0
where r is the correlation between a pair of variables. When

P-value is smaller than 0,05, we reject the null hypothesis. As
we see from this matrix; there is correlation between age-rhl,
height-rhw,weight-height of females ;but there is no
correlation between others.
-0,174
0,126
Correlations: rhl; rhw; rwc; age; h; w of males

rhl
0,555
0,000
rhw
rwc
0,317
0,000
0,675
0,000
age
-0,114
0,201
0,087
0,329
0,207
0,019
0,546
0,000
0,267
0,002
0,094
0,293
-0,493
0,000
0,232
0,008
0,381
0,000
0,568
0,000
-0,027
0,763
rhw
rwc
age
H0: p = 0
versus H1: p 0
where r is the correlation between a pair of variables. When

P-value is smaller than 0,05, we reject the null hypothesis. As
we see from this matrix; there is correlation between age-rhl,
age-rhw, height-rwc, height-weight of males ;but there is no
correlation between others.
0,369
0,000
Cell Contents: Pearson correlation

P-Value
Regression Analysis: dds versus age; h; w; rhl; rhw; rwc; gnd
The regression equation is
dds = - 47,9 - 0,165 age + 0,164 h + 0,0680 w + 0,392 rhl + 2,90 rhw + 1,24 rwc
+ 10,4 gnd
Predictor
Constant
age
h
w
rhl
rhw
rwc
gnd
Coef
-47,85
-0,16470
0,16380
0,06796
0,3919
2,902
1,2357
10,403
S = 6,39805
SE Coef
15,91
0,04073
0,09564
0,05109
0,7111
1,401
0,7110
1,630
R-Sq = 73,1%
T
-3,01
-4,04
1,71
1,33
0,55
2,07
1,74
6,38
P
0,003
0,000
0,088
0,185
0,582
0,040
0,084
0,000
VIF
1,632
4,292
2,938
3,315
4,061
4,794
3,170
R-Sq(adj) = 72,2%
Analysis of Variance
Source
Regression
Residual Error
Total
Source
age
h
w
rhl
rhw
rwc
gnd
DF
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DF
7
199
206
SS
22177,2
8146,1
30323,3
MS
3168,2
40,9
F
77,40
P
0,000
Seq SS
1184,7
14877,4
1632,0
840,2
1487,1
488,1
1667,8
Factorial Fit: dds versus rhl; rhw; rwc; age; w; h; gnd

* NOTE * This design has some botched runs.
regression approach.
It will be analyzed using a
Estimated Effects and Coefficients for dds (coded units)

Term
Constant
rhl
rhw
rwc
age
w
h
gnd
rhl*rhw
rhl*rwc
rhl*age
rhl*w
rhl*h
rhl*gnd
rhw*rwc
rhw*age
rhw*w
rhw*h
rhw*gnd
rwc*age
rwc*w
rwc*h
rwc*gnd
age*w
age*h
age*gnd
w*h
Effect
11,25
-14,61
-75,80
-3,70
6,48
-8,76
141,24
-7,25
0,57
-0,09
0,29
0,16
-5,68
5,78
-0,26
-0,44
0,53
5,25
0,12
-0,14
0,16
-3,22
-0,02
0,04
-0,07
-0,03
Coef
561,93
5,62
-7,30
-37,90
-1,85
3,24
-4,38
70,62
-3,63
0,28
-0,04
0,15
0,08
-2,84
2,89
-0,13
-0,22
0,26
2,63
0,06
-0,07
0,08
-1,61
-0,01
0,02
-0,03
-0,01
SE Coef
312,629
23,172
49,098
26,535
1,344
1,962
2,117
69,974
1,748
1,065
0,068
0,100
0,104
2,763
1,830
0,138
0,190
0,296
4,495
0,074
0,057
0,149
2,782
0,006
0,007
0,167
0,010
T
1,80
0,24
-0,15
-1,43
-1,37
1,65
-2,07
1,01
-2,07
0,27
-0,64
1,45
0,75
-1,03
1,58
-0,93
-1,15
0,90
0,58
0,78
-1,22
0,54
-0,58
-1,99
2,87
-0,20
-1,44
P
0,074
0,809
0,882
0,155
0,171
0,100
0,040
0,314
0,039
0,791
0,525
0,149
0,454
0,306
0,116
0,352
0,253
0,372
0,560
0,436
0,223
0,592
0,564
0,049
0,005
0,844
0,153
Ho: There is no interaction

H1: There is interaction
We reject the null hypothesis and conclude that
there is a significant interaction between these two
factors when the P-value is less than 0.05. When we
look at the table we realize that P-values of rhl*rhw,
age*w, age*h is less than 0.05 so, there is significant
evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
w*gnd
h*gnd
0,43
-0,23
S = 6,21143
R-Sq = 77,35%
0,22
-0,11
0,222
0,362
0,98
-0,31
PRESS = 9620,56
R-Sq(pred) = 68,27%
0,331
0,755
R-Sq(adj) = 73,79%
Stepwise Regression: dds versus gnd; rhw; rwc; rhl; age; h; w

Alpha-to-Enter: 0,05 Alpha-to-Remove: 0,05
Response is dds on 7 predictors, with N = 207
Step
Constant
1
-47,85
2
-47,95
3
-57,18
gnd
T-Value
P-Value
10,4
6,38
0,000
10,4
6,38
0,000
10,1
6,26
0,000
rhw
T-Value
P-Value
2,9
2,07
0,040
3,2
2,45
0,015
3,0
2,35
0,020
rwc
T-Value
P-Value
1,24
1,74
0,084
1,29
1,84
0,067
1,82
3,22
0,001
rhl
T-Value
P-Value
0,39
0,55
0,582
age
T-Value
P-Value
-0,165
-4,04
0,000
-0,162
-4,02
0,000
-0,157
-3,89
0,000
h
T-Value
P-Value
0,164
1,71
0,088
0,188
2,22
0,028
0,223
2,79
0,006
w
T-Value
P-Value
0,068
1,33
0,185
0,064
1,27
0,206
S
R-Sq
R-Sq(adj)
Mallows Cp
6,40
73,14
72,19
8,0
6,39
73,09
72,29
6,3
6,40
72,88
72,20
5,9

Descriptive Statistics & Histograms AGE: Confidence Interval For Mean of Age

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Descriptive Statistics & Histograms AGE: Confidence Interval For Mean of Age

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DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS & HISTOGRAMS

Confidence Interval for Mean of Age

Frequency Histogram of Age

Confidence Interval for Mean of RHL

Cumulative Relative Frequency Histogram of Age

Cumulative Frequency Histogram of Age

Confidence Interval for Mean of LHL

Confidence Interval for Mean of RHW

Confidence Interval for Mean of LHW

Confidence Interval for Mean of RHW

Confidence Interval for Mean of LWC

normality test for Age

normality test for RHL

normality test for RHW

normality test for RWC

normality test for LHW

normality test for LHL

normality test for LWC

H0 : The distribution is distributed normal

H1: The distribution is not normal

For tests which give a P-value smaller tahn 0.05 we

Analysis of Variance for dds, using Adjusted SS for Tests

Analysis of Variance for dds, using Adjusted SS for Tests

Response Variable dds

Tukey 95,0% Simultaneous Confidence Intervals

Tukey Simultaneous Tests

SCATTER PLOTS FOR INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

Scatterplot of dds vs age

Scatterplot of dds vs rhl

Scatterplot of rwc vs rhw

Scatterplot of dds vs rhw

Cell Contents: Pearson correlation

where r is the correlation between a pair of variables. When

Correlations: rhl; rhw; rwc; age; h; w of males

where r is the correlation between a pair of variables. When

Cell Contents: Pearson correlation

Factorial Fit: dds versus rhl; rhw; rwc; age; w; h; gnd

It will be analyzed using a

Estimated Effects and Coefficients for dds (coded units)

Ho: There is no interaction

Stepwise Regression: dds versus gnd; rhw; rwc; rhl; age; h; w

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