ANCHORED SHEET PILE WALL An anchored sheet-pile wall is constructed as shown in the figure below.

By using Rankines Earth Pressure Theory and free earth support method, determine: 1. Axial anchor force if center to center spacing of two successive anchors is 2 meters. 2. Depth of penetration. 3. Maximum bending moment in the sheet pile.

q = 10 kN/m2

(uniform surcharge)

3 10 0 z Lateral spacing of anchors = 2 m.

z'

D=

= 35 0 c=0 = 18 kN/m3

Solution: 35 K a = tan 2 (45 ) = tan 2 (45 ) = 0.27 2 2 1 Kp = = 3.69 Ka Active Pressure: z=0m z = 10 m z = 10 + D p a = ( z + q ) K a 2 c K a pa = 10 0.27 = 2.7 kPa pa = (10 18 + 10) 0.27 = 51.3 kPa pa = [ (10 + D) 18 + 10 ] 0.27 = 51.3 + 4.86 D kPa p p = ( z + q ) K p + 2 c K p pp = 0 kPa pp = 18 D 3.69 = 66.42 D kPa

Passive Pressure:

z = 0 m z = D m

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q = 10 kN/m2 2.7 A F1 7 F2 51.3 D

(uniform surcharge)

= 35 0 c=0 = 18 kN/m3

F5 66.42 D

F3 F4 51.3 + 4.86 D

Force (kN/m) F1 = 2.7 10 = 27 F2 = (51.3-2.7) 10 = 243 F3 = 51.3 D = 51.3 D F4 = 4.86 D D = 2.43 D2 - F5 = 66.42 D D = - 33.21 D2 FH = 270 + 51.3 D 30.78 D2

Moment arm about point A (m) 2 3.67 7 + D/2 7 + 2D/3 7 + 2D/3

Moment, MA (kN.m / m) 54 889.38 359.1 D + 25.6 D2 17.01 D2 + 1.62 D3 - 232.47 D2 22.14 D3

MA = 943.38 + 359.1 D 189.86 D2 20.52 D3 = 0 Depth of penetration : 1.2 2.80 = 3.36 m.

D = 2.80 m.

Anchor Force : H = 0

(force equilibrium) A = 172 kN / m

H = 270 + 51.3 (2.80) 30.78 (2.80)2 A = 0 RA = (A / cos 10) 2 = 350 kN

(2 m is the lateral spacing of anchors) 10 o A RA

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Max. Bending Moment : (when shear , V= 0) 2. x 3 17

z Ka = 18 (x) To find the location of Mmax, determine the point at which shear force is equal to 0 2.7 (x) + [18.(x).(0.27)].(x). - 172 = 0 2.7 x + 2.43 x2 172 = 0 x = 7.88 m (distance from top)

M max = 2.7 (7.88) (7.88 / 2) + 18 (7.88)(0.27) (7.88 / 2) (7.88 / 3) 172 (7.88 - 3) M max = 359.24 kN.m / m

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BRACED CUTS P1)

For the very long braced systems shown in the figures (a) and (b), when c=40 kN/m2, =0, c=19 kN/m3, and there is no water, what is the factor of safety of the bottom against heave?

(a)

B = 5m

10 kN/m2

(b)

B = 5m

H=8m

Clay

H=8m

Very deep clay

2m Hard layer Solution: (a) B1=D1=2m B = 5m depth of tension crack, Zcr 10 kN/m2 = q

Clay H

S2 H B1 b

D1=2m S1 Hard layer qu = 2 Cu

D1=2m

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Depth of tension crack; p active = zK a 2 C u K a =0 a = 1

p active = z 2 C u = 0

z = 2 Cu
z cr = 2 Cu q = u (depth of tension crack )

taking moment about b; passive S1 S2

1 2 B1 q 2 qu B1 + x Cu x B1 + H u Cu B1 2 4 F .S . = 1 1 H B12 + q B12 2 2 own weight surcharge 1 q u B1 2

q 1 2 2 q u B1 + x q u x B1 + H u 2 4 F.S. = 1 1 2 2 H B1 + q B1 2 2

For ;

B1 = D1 = 2m qu = 2 Cu = 2x40 = 80 kPa H = 8m ; = 19 kN/m3

1 80 1 x 80 x 2 2 + x 80 x 2 2 + 8 x x 80 x 2 2 4 19 2 F.S. = = 2.20 1 1 2 2 x 19 x 8 x 2 + x 10 x 2 2 2

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(b)

B1 =0.707 B 10 kN/m2 = q

very deep clay; B1 =0.707 B B1 =0.707 x 5 = 3.5 m

B = 5m S2 H B1 b D1= B1 = 0.707 B

S1 qu = 2 Cu 1 80 1 x 80 x (3.5) 2 + x 80 x (3.5) 2 + 8 x x 80 x (3.5) 2 4 19 2 F.S. = = 1.80 1 1 2 2 x 19 x 8 x (3.5) + x 10 x (3.5) 2 2

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P2)
Determine the factor of safety of the bottom against heave for the very long braced system shown below. Note : any reasonable assumption is acceptable 10 kN/m2
B = 5m

1 Hs=4m 3 3 1 Sand

=330

= 18 kN/m3
qu = 80 kN/m2

Hc=4m

Clay

= 19 kN/m3

Solution; For sand,consider active earth pressure, not earth pressure at rest, because of some lateral displacement during excavation. Ka = tan2(45 - /2) = tan2(45 - 33 /2) Ka = 0.29 B1= 0.707x5 =3.5m 10 kN/m2 = q H1 H2 S3 sand

active force

S2

clay b D1 = 3.5m S1 qu = 2 Cu

z=0 z=4

pa = 10 x 0.29 = 2.9 kPa pa = (10 + 4x18) x 0.29 = 23.8 kPa

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H1 = 2.9 x 4 = 11.6 kN/m H2 = (23.8 2.9) x 4 x (1/2) = 41.8 kN/m = 53.4 kN/m tan = tan 33 = 0.65 S1 = n tan = 53.4 x 0.65 = 35 kN/m S2 = 4 Cu = 4 x 40 = 160 kN/m S3 = 2 B1 2 (3.5) Cu = x 40 = 220 kN / m 4 4

Taking moment about b; S1 + S2 + S3 passive 3.5 2

F.S. =

(35 + 160 + 220) x 3.5 + 80 x 3.5 x

3.5 3.5 3.5 4 x 18 x 3.5 x + 4 x 19 x 3.5 x + 10 x 3.5 x 2 2 2 sand clay surcharge

= 2.00

P3)

Find the strut loads for each level for the long braced system given below.

Horizontal struts are spaced at every 5 m. No ground water.

B = 5m

1 3 H=8m 3 1 Stiff Clay cu = 100 kN/m2

= 20 kN/m3

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for strut loads, find earth pressure distribution;

A 0.25H=2.0

3 B a 3 C 0.25H=2.0 1 C 2.0 2.0 0.5H=4.0 B2 B1

Area 1

Area 2

0.3t H =0.3x20x8=48 kN/m2 per linear meter

area 1 area 2 2.0x48x(1/2) + 2.0x48 = 144 kN/m 2.0x48 + 2.0x48x(1/2) = 144 kN/m

taking moment wrt. point a; 3.0 A = 2.0 x 48 x (2.0 / 2) + 2.0 x 48 x (1/2) x (2.0 /3 + 2.0) A = 74.7 kN/m B1 = 144 74.7 = 69.3 kN/m

3.0 C = 2.0 x 48 x (2.0 / 2) + 2.0 x 48 x (1/2) x (2.0 /3 + 2.0) C = 74.7 kN/m B2 = 144 74.7 = 69.3 kN/m spacing Strut loads; A = 74.7x 5 = 373.5 kN

B = (69.3 + 69.3) x 5 = 693 kN C = 74.7 x 5 = 373.5 kN

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P4)
For a braced system constructed in a 10 m deep rectangular excavation in a clay, when length L= 45m ; width B= 10m ; surcharge q= 10kN/m2 ; unit weight

= 19 kN/m2 and

unconfined compressive strength qu= 80 kN/m2 ; and there is no water, what is the factor of safety at the bottom against heave?

Solution; B= 10 m q= 10 kN/m2

Clay H= 10m

10 m x 45m If the excavation is not very long (L / B 10) Assumption braced cut is a deep footing square, rectangular or circular exc.

F.S. =

Nc q u N c Cu ultimate bearing capacity = = 2 ( H + q) ( H + q) applied load

Nc : bearing capacity factor (from Fig 4.17 ; Ordemir) H/B= 10 / 10= 1 Nc (square) = 7.7 Nc (rectangular) = (0.84 + 0.16 B/ L) Nc (square) = (0.84 + 0.16 x 10/ 2) x 7.7 = 6.8 F.S. = 6.8 x 80 =1.36 2 (19 x 10 + 10)

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