Tutorial 1 Solution

1. (a)


G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
V
C C
C
V
C j C j
C j
V
Z Z
Z
V
1
2 12
12
1
12 2
2
1
12 2
2
2
/ 1 / 1
/ 1
+
=
+
=
+
=
e e
e


(b)


( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
G
G L
L j I I M j I L j I V
L j I I R I M j I L j I V
e e e
e e e
2 1 12 1 22 2 2
2 1 1 1 12 2 11 1 1
+ + + =
+ + + + =


Assume that R
L1
is negligibly small, and R
L2
is arbitrarily large,
( ) ( )
G
L j I L j I V e e
1 11 1 1
+ ~ (1)
( ) ( )
G
L j I M j I V e e
1 12 1 2
+ ~ (2)

Solving equations (1) and (2):

1
11
12
2
V
L L
L M
V
G
G
+
+
=

2.


pF
C C
C C
C
G G
G G
3
2 1
2 1
12
=
+
+ (1)
From symmetry,
G G
C C
2 1
= (2)
Substitute (2) into (1),
pF
C
C
G
3
2
1
12
= + (3)

pF
C C
C C
C
G
G
G
8 . 4
2 12
2 12
1
=
+
+ (4)
Substitute (2) and (3) into (4),
( )
( )
pF
C C
C C
C
G G
G G
G
8 . 4
2 / 3
2 / 3
1 1
1 1
1
=
+

+
pF C C
G G
4
2 1
= =
From (3), pF C 1
12
=


3.
pF
C C
C C
G
G
8 . 4
1
1
=
+
(1)
pF
C C
C C
3
2 1
2 1
=
+
(2)
From symmetry,
2 1
C C = (3)

Substitute (3) into (2),
pF C pF
C
6 3
2
1
1
= =

From (1),
pF C
G
24 =




4. The potential noise sources are:
(i) Motor
- Magnetic field due to large inductive load of the motor winding can be
coupled to the digital circuit through air.
- Arc in the commutator can be radiated in the form of electromagnetic
pulse (EMP) through air.
- Current pulses can give rise to large instantaneous voltage due to the
inductance of the interconnection wires. The voltage change is L di/dt
which can be positive or negative, and it can be a large magnitude
depending on the rise time and fall time of the current pulses. This
causes the supply voltage of the digital circuit to fluctuate when the
motor is operating.
- Steady-state load current can also cause voltage drop along the
interconnection wires due to wire resistance. Any fluctuation of this
load current will cause a change in the supply voltage of the digital
circuit.
(ii) Switch
- Arc in the switch when it closes or opens can be radiated in the form of
electromagnetic pulse (EMP) through air.
- Transient load current when the switch closes or opens can cause a
transient voltage change due to the inductance of the interconnection
wires. The voltage change is L di/dt.


5.

Capacitances between traces are modeled as below:


Total capacitance between trace 2 and ground:
G
G
G G
C C
C C
C C
3 23
3 23
2
'
2
+
+ =
The noise voltage between trace 2 and ground:
G
G
G
V
C C
C
V
1
'
2 12
12
2
+
=
The noise voltage between trace 3 and ground:
G
G
G
V
C C
C
V
2
3 23
23
3
+
=
( )
(

+
+ + +
=
+

+
=
G
G
G G
G
G
G G
G
C C
C C
C C C C
V C C
V
C C
C
C C
C
V
3 23
3 23
2 12 3 23
1 12 23
1
'
2 12
12
3 23
23
3