Nursing Leadership and Management (NCENHO7)

(10 Leaders that uses different Leadership style)

Presented by: Mark Jude Gapuz NPD-4/BSN-4 Presented to: Helen Alalag Clinical Instructor

Martha Stewart Leadership Style used: Autocratic Martha Stewart (born August 3, 1941) is an American business magnate, media personality, author, magazine publisher. As founder of Martha Stewart Living Omni media, she has gained success through a variety of business ventures, encompassing publishing, broadcasting, and merchandising. Her syndicated talk show, Martha, is broadcast throughout the world, she has written numerous bestselling books, and she is the publisher of Martha Stewart Living magazine. In 2004, she was convicted of lying to investigators about a stock sale and served five months in a West Virginia federal prison. Although the media widely speculated that the situation would effectively be the end of her media empire, Stewart began a comeback campaign in 2005, with her company returning to profitability the following year. In September 1997, Stewart, along with the assistance of business partner Sharon Patrick, was able to secure funding to purchase the various television, print, and merchandising ventures related to the Martha Stewart brand, and consolidate them into a new company, named Martha Stewart Living Omni media. Stewart served as chairwoman, president, and CEO of the new company and Patrick became Chief Operations Officer. By organizing all of the brand's assets under one roof, Stewart felt she could promote synergy and have greater control of the brand's direction through the business's activities. That same month Stewart announced in Martha Stewart Living the launch of a companion website and a catalogue business, called Martha by Mail. The company also has a direct-to-consumer floral business. Martha Stewart uses the Autocratic style which make her very successful. She has many different styles of leadership. At the beginning of her company she would definitely be classified as an autocratic leader. Stewart used strong directive controlling actions to enforce her agenda and relationships and to better achieve her goals for her company. She was authority compliance manager for most of her career. She emphasized efficient production in whatever she was doing, be it cooking gardening or decorating the home. These types of leadership style never consults or get advice from her employees. Autocratic leaders work very well in emergency situations or when a stressful situation arises. Employees may find relieving being told exactly how to respond in those kinds of situations. It has been written that she built her empire in a very competitive environment, the entertainment industry, by personally attending and overseeing every detail. Directing her people how things should and shouldnt be done. As seen with her charismatic leadership discussed later, Martha Stewart is motivated by esteem/love (social) needs, focusing on Maslow's theory of the Hierarchy of Needs. Likewise, she motivates her employees and followers through love (social) needs, showing the "motherly" side of her to the public. Another way in which Martha Stewart believes she can motivate employees is by in part using the biological approach to job design. She makes sure that all her companies workspaces are housed in buildings with working windows to allow fresh air can circulate, which she believes is conductive to creativity and productivity. Martha also believes in job rotation to keep employees interested. She refers to this as repotting.

Maria Corazon Cory Cojuangco Aquino Leadership Style used: Democratic Maria Corazon "Cory" Cojuangco Aquino (January 25, 1933 - August 1, 2009) was a President of the Philippines and a world-renowned advocate of democracy, peace, women's empowerment, and religious piety. She served as the 11th president of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. She was the first female president of the Philippines and was Asia's first female president. She was known from her legacy because of restoring the democracy of the Philippines from the Marcos dictators. In her era, she uses Democratic leadership style, which is the people have a more participatory role in the decision making process. One person retains final say over all decisions but allows others to share insight and ideas. Cory Aquino had succeeded in shedding her powers as head of a revolutionary government and rebuilding the countrys democratic institutions. She revamped the Supreme Court in 1986, restoring to it the respect that it required to do a just job and administer justice fairly. She continues to clean up the rest of the justice system, which is the bulwark of democracy. She had a new Constitution drafted by a social-justice-minded commission and ratified by an overwhelming 70% of the countrys voters on February 2, 1987.Freedoms of expression and of the press was restored. Free and honest elections were held. There is no question that President Cory during her presidency has earned high marks in managing the transition from a tyrannical and bankrupt government which she had inherited when she assumed office, to a democratic government with a vibrant economy under a participatory leadership style. This kind of style prioritizes team participation and because each member is allowed to contribute his/her ideas and feels that their input is considered seriously, there is increased employee satisfaction and ownership. The democratic leader will listen to his groups ideas and give them fair consideration, although the ultimate authority for the decision will still rest with him.

Adolf Hitler Leadership Style used: Autocratic Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, abbreviated NSDAP, commonly known as the Nazi Party). He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and head of state (as Fhrer und Reichskanzler) from 1934 to 1945. Hitler is best known for his central leadership role in the rise of fascism in Europe, World War II and the Holocaust. A decorated veteran of World War I, Hitler joined the precursor of the Nazi Party (DAP) in 1919, and became leader of the NSDAP in 1921. In 1923, Hitler attempted a coup d'tat, known as the Beer Hall Putsch, at the Brgerbrukeller beer hall in Munich. The failed coup resulted in Hitler's imprisonment, during which time he wrote his memoir, Mein Kampf (My Struggle). After his release in 1924, Hitler gained support by promoting Pan-Germanism, antisemitism and anticommunism with charismatic oratory and propaganda. He was appointed chancellor in 1933, and transformed the Weimar Republic into the Third Reich, a single-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of Nazism. Hitler's avowed aim was to establish a New Order of absolute Nazi German hegemony in continental Europe. His foreign and domestic policies had the goal of seizing Lebensraum (living space) for the Germanic people. This included the rearmament of Germany, resulting in the invasion of Poland by the Wehrmacht in September 1939, leading to the outbreak of World War II in Europe. Under Hitler's leadership, German forces and their European allies at one point occupied most of Europe and North Africa, reversed in 1945 when the Allied armies freed German-occupied Europe. Hitler's reign resulted in the systematic murder of as many as 17 million civilians, including an estimated six million Jews targeted in the Holocaust and between 500,000 and 1,500,000 Roma. Adolf Hitler is well-known for being an autocratic leader, who is not concerned with group members attitudes toward decision. To retain most of the authority in military, he appointed himself as the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. It means that his decision was the final one and no decision during the war was made without his direct involvement (Braunbeck, 1997). Baranowski (2005) stated that Adolf Hitler even tried to dominant over his closest followers. Besides, the autocratic characteristic of Adolf Hitler was also shown in his distrusting his Generals: Adolf Hitler ignored advice of other Generals and decided confidently to declare war against the rest of Euro .However; using autocratic leadership style did not help Adolf Hitler all times succeed. William et al. (1960) shows the biggest mistake of Adolf Hitler was tactical strategy. For example, when other Generals advised to attack Britain firstly, Adolf Hitler ignored their suggestion and still kept his own decision to attack So Viet Union and finally experienced severe failure.

Anthony Charles Lynton Blair Leadership Style used: Democratic Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 June 8, 1845) was the seventh President of the United States (18291837). Based in frontier Tennessee, Jackson was a politician and army general who defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans (1815) and the Creek Indians at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814). A polarizing figure who dominated the Second Party System in the 1820s and 1830s, he destroyed the national bank and relocated most Indian tribes to the west. His enthusiastic followers created the modern Democratic Party, and the 1830-1850 period later became known as the era of Jacksonian democracy. Jackson was nicknamed "Old Hickory" because of his toughness and aggressive personality that produced numerous duels, some fatal. He was a rich slave owner who appealed to the masses of Americans and fought against what he denounced as a closed undemocratic aristocracy. He expanded the spoils system during his presidency to strengthen his political base, regardless of the cost of inefficiency and bias. As president, he supported a small and limited federal government but strengthened the power of the presidency, which he saw as spokesman for the entire populationas opposed to Congressmen from a specific small district. He was supportive of states' rights, but, during the Nullification Crisis, declared that states do not have the right to nullify federal laws. Strongly against the national bank, he vetoed the renewal of its charter and ensured its collapse. Whigs and moralists denounced his aggressive enforcement of the Indian Removal Act, which resulted in the forced relocation of Native American tribes to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). His legacy is now seen as mixed by historians. He is praised as a protector of popular democracy and individual liberty for American citizens, but criticized for his support for slavery and Indian removal. Andrew Jackson is one of the best Democratic presidents America has ever had. He was in office from March 4, 1829, to March 4, 1837, and in this time he did many things that have benefited America, although his time in office is now viewed as controversial. He was a large supporter of slavery and believed in individual liberty for white men, but the accomplishments he made are what put him in the top 5. He made the Democratic Party what it is today by separating it from the Republican party and setting different values and views. He viewed himself as the "voice of the people" and carried out this part very well. He will always be a memorable and controversial President.

Leona Helmsley Leadership Style used: Autocratic Leona Mindy Roberts Helmsley (July 4, 1920 August 20, 2007) was a billionaire New York City hotel operator and real estate investor. She was a flamboyant personality and had a reputation for tyrannical behavior that earned her the nickname Queen of Mean. She was promoted by the Beber Silverstein Group and its cofounder Joyce Beber who persuaded her to call herself Queen of the Palace Hotel. Following allegations by unpaid contractors that work done on her home had been charged to her company, she was investigated and convicted of federal income tax evasion and other crimes in 1989. Although having initially received a sentence of 16 years, Helmsley was required to serve only 19 months in prison and two months under house arrest. Helmsley's fate was sealed when a former housekeeper testified during the trial that she had heard Helmsley say: "We don't pay taxes. Only the little people pay taxes... a saying that became notorious and was identified with her for the rest of her life. Leona Helmsley, born in 1920 in Marbletown, made the Helmsley hotel chain popular and is an excellent example of an autocratic leader in the corporate world. Her tyrannical behavior earned her the nickname Queen of Mean as she demanded perfection from everyone on her payroll, from regular employees up to the top managers and executives. She treated her employees and people in general like garbage. A lawyer that once had a breakfast with her became witness of her tyrannical behavior when a waiter served a cup of tea with a tiny bit of water spilled on the saucer. Leona Helmsley requested the waiter to get down on his hands and knees to beg that he would not get fired right away. On the one hand her autocratic type of leadership allowed her to become a billionaire hotel operator, but she also had to spend almost two years in prison for tax evasion on the other hand, which was brought under suspicion by some of her disgruntled employees that raised several charges of tax evasion, extortion and many more against her. She allegedly treated people like garbage, one example being to fire on the spot a secretary daring to use the Helmsley Palace dry cleaner to remove an accidental spill on her cloth, even though she had worked diligently for eight years.

Policeman Leadership Style used: Bureaucratic Responsibilities of a police officer are varied, and may differ greatly from within one political context to another. Typical duties relate to keeping the peace, law enforcement, protection of persons and property, and the investigation of crimes. Officers are expected to respond to a variety of situations that may arise while they are on duty. Rules and guidelines dictate how an officer should behave within the community, and in many contexts restrictions are placed on what the uniformed officer wears. In some countries, rules and procedures dictate that a police officer is obliged to intervene in a criminal incident, even if they are off-duty. Police officers in nearly all countries retain their lawful powers, while off duty. Police are also responsible for reprimanding minor offenders by issuing citations which typically may result in the imposition of fines, particularly for violations of traffic law. Traffic enforcement is often and effectively accomplished by police officers on motorcyclescalled motor officers, these officers refer to the motorcycles they ride on duty as simply motors. Police are also trained to assist persons in distress, such as motorists whose car has broken down and people experiencing a medical emergency. Based on the duties and functions of the Police officers, they are using bureaucratic type of leadership. Bureaucratic leadership is where the manager manages "by the book everything must be done according to procedure or policy. If it isn't covered by the book, the manager refers to the next level above him or her. This manager is really more of a police officer than a leader. He or she enforces the rules. In this type of leadership requires a hierarchy of power, wherein rules are written and fixed and it should be implemented. The team spirit and work is maintained by strict rules and the employee who gives a noticeable performance is rewarded with a promotion best example of this is when a policeman is performing a Good Samaritan Act and through that great performance he will be recognized and otherwise promoted.

George W. Bush Leadership Style used: Laissez-fair The presidency of George W. Bush began on January 20, 2001, when he was inaugurated as the 43rd President of the United States of America. The oldest son of former president George H. W. Bush, George W. Bush was elected president in the 2000 general election, and became the second US president whose father had held the same office (John Quincy Adams was the first). After two recounts, Democratic presidential candidate Vice President Al Gore filed a lawsuit for a third. The Supreme Court's highly controverisal decision in Bush v. Gore resolved the dispute. The Florida Secretary of State certified Bush as the winner of Florida. Florida's 25 electoral votes gave Bush, the Republican candidate, 271 electoral votes, enough to defeat Al Gore. Bush was re-elected in 2004. His second term ended on January 20, 2009.As president, Bush pushed through a $1.3 trillion tax cut program and the No Child Left Behind Act, and also pushed for socially conservativeefforts such as the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act and faith-based welfare initiatives. Nearly 8 million immigrants came to the United States from 2000 to 2005 more than in any other five-year period in the nation's history.[1] Almost half entered illegally.[2]After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, Bush declared a global War on Terrorism and, in October 2001, ordered an invasion of Afghanistan to overthrow the Taliban, destroy Al-Qaeda, and to capture Osama bin Laden. In March 2003, Bush received a mandate from theU.S. Congress to lead an invasion of Iraq, asserting that Iraq was in violation of UN Security Council Resolution 1441. Bush also initiated an AIDS program that committed $15 billion to combat AIDS over five years His record as a humanitarian included helping enroll as many as 29 million of Africa's poorest children in schools. On his second full day in office, Bush reinstated the Mexico City Policy; this policy required any non-governmental organization receiving US Government funding to refrain from performing or promoting abortion services in other countries. Also in 2002, President Bush withdrew funding from the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), a key player in promoting family planning in the developing world. Running as a self-styled "war president" in the midst of the Iraq War, Bush won re-election in 2004 as his campaign against SenatorJohn Kerry was successful despite controversy over Bush's prosecution of the Iraq War and his handling of the economy. His second term was highlighted by several free trade agreements, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 alongside a strong push for offshore and domestic drilling, the nominations of Supreme Court Justices John Roberts and Samuel Alito, a push for Social Security and immigration reform, a surge of troops in Iraq, which was followed by a drop in violence, and several different economic initiatives aimed at preventing a banking system collapse, stopping foreclosures, and stimulating the economy during the recession. Bush placed a high value on personal loyalty and, as a result, his administration had high message discipline. He maintained a "hands-off" style of management. "I'm confident in my management style. I'm a delegator because I trust the people I've asked to join the team. I'm willing to delegate. Bush uses the laissez-fair type of leadership style wherein leaders are hands-off and allow group members to make the decisions. The organization of his administration reflects George W. Bushs affection for delegating; he is almost seemingly disinterested in how his vision is implemented. The advantages of Mr. Bushs governing style have been overlooked in the face of the difficulties in Iraq and the controversy surrounding his response to Hurricane Katrina. However, several important political and policy objectives have been fulfilled as a direct result of Bushs abhorrence for detail and affection for delegation.

Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. Leadership Style: Autocratic Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. (September 11, 1917 September 28, 1989), was a Filipino dictator who held the title of President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He was a lawyer, member of the Philippine House of Representatives (19491959) and a member of the Philippine Senate (19591965). He was Senate President from 1963-1965. While in power he implemented wide-ranging programs of infrastructure development and economic reform. However, his administration was marred by massive authoritarian corruption, despotism, nepotism , political repression, and human rights violations. In 1983, his government was accused of being involved in the assassination of his primary political opponent, Benigno Aquino, Jr. Public outrage over the assassination served as the catalyst for the People Power Revolution in February 1986 that led to his removal from power and eventual exile in Hawaii. It was later discovered that he and his wife Imelda Marcos had moved billions of dollars of embezzled public funds to the United States, Switzerland, and other countries, as well as into alleged corporations during his 20 years in power. The Philippines was under martial law again from 1972 to 1981 under the authoritarian rule of Ferdinand Marcos. Martial law was declared to suppress increasing civil strife and the threat of communist takeover following a series of bombings in Manila. The declaration of martial law was initially well-received by some segment of the people but became unpopular as excesses and human rights abuses by the military emerged. Torture was used in extracting information from their enemies. Proclamation No. 1081 (Proclaiming a State of Martial Law in the Philippines) was signed on September 21, 1972 and came into force on September 22 - interestingly enough exactly 28 years after President Jose P. Laurel's similar proclamations. Marcos described his regime as constitutional authoritarianism. He never openly attacked the impartiality or independence of the Supreme Court and instead relied on his constitutionally vested powers to appoint judges of his choice. Having banned all political parties and Congress, Marcos openly declared his actions to be subject to the judicial review of the Supreme Court. He assured that the judiciary shall continue to function in accordance with its present organization and personnel.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Leadership Style used: Democratic Franklin Delano Roosevelt ( January 30, 1882 April 12, 1945), also known by his initials, FDR, was the 32nd President of the United States (19331945) and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war. The only American president elected to more than two terms, he facilitated a durable coalition that realigned American politics for decades. With the bouncy popular song "Happy Days Are Here Again" as his campaign theme, FDR defeated incumbent Republican Herbert Hoover in November 1932, at the depth of the Great Depression. FDR's persistent optimism and activism contributed to a renewal of the national spirit, eflecting his victory over paralytic illness to become the longest serving president in U.S. history. He worked closely with Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin in leading the Allies against Germany and Japan in World War II, but died just as victory was in sight. Roosevelt's first act as president was to deal with the country's banking crisis. Since the beginning of the depression, a fifth of all banks had been forced to close. As a consequence, around 15% of people's life-savings had been lost. By the beginning of 1933 the American people were starting to lose faith in their banking system and a significant proportion were withdrawing their money and keeping it at home. The day after taking office as president, Roosevelt ordered all banks to close. He then asked Congress to pass legislation which would guarantee that savers would not lose their money if there was another financial crisis. On 9th March 1933, Franklin D. Roosevelt called a special session of Congress. He told the members that unemployment could only be solved "by direct recruiting by the Government itself." For the next three months, Roosevelt proposed, and Congress passed, a series of important bills that attempted to deal with the problem of unemployment. The special session of Congress became known as the Hundred Days and provided the basis for Roosevelt'sNew Deal. the government employed people to carry out a range of different tasks. These projects included the Works Projects Administration (WPA), the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the National Youth Administration (NYA), Farm Security Administration (FSA), the National Recovery Administration (NRA) and the Public Works Administration (PWA). Other schemes adminstered by the Works Projects Administration included the Federal Writers Project(1935-39) Federal Theatre Project (1935-39) and the Federal Art Project (1935-43). As well as trying to reduce unemployment, Roosevelt also attempted to reduce the misery for those who were unable to work. One of the bodies Roosevelt formed was the Federal Emergency Relief Administration which provided federal money to help those in desperate need. Other legislation passed by Roosevelt included the Agricultural Adjustment Act (1933), National Housing Act (1934), the Federal Securities Act (1934). In August 1935 the Social Security Act was passed. This act set up a national system of old age pensions and co-ordinate federal and state action for the relief of the unemployed. Franklin D. Roosevelt is undeniably the best Democratic President that America has ever had. Winning four elections, he served in office from March 4, 1933, to April 12, 1945. In this time he helped America through the great depression and World War II. He made sure that the economic crisis did not destroy the country. He brought forth an approach called the New Deal which greatly helped the economy and well-being of the country and the Americans. Not only was Roosevelt an amazing president, he was a loyal and admirable man.

John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy Leadership Style used: Democratic John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29, 1917 November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK, was the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. After military service as commander of the Motor Torpedo Boat PT109 and Motor Torpedo Boat PT59 during World War II in the South Pacific, Kennedy represented Massachusetts's 11th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1947 to 1953 as a Democrat. Thereafter, he served in the U.S. Senate from 1953 until 1960. Kennedy defeated then Vice President and Republican candidate Richard Nixon in the 1960 U.S. presidential election. He was the youngest elected to the office, at the age of 43, the second-youngest President (after Theodore Roosevelt), and the first president to have been born in the 20th century.[4] Kennedy is the only Catholic president, and is the only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize.[5] Events during his presidency included the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Space Race, the African American Civil Rights Movement and early stages of the Vietnam War. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas. Lee Harvey Oswald was charged with the crime but was shot and killed two days later by Jack Ruby before any trial. The FBI, the Warren Commission, and the House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) concluded that Oswald was the assassin, with the HSCA allowing for the probability of conspiracy based on disputed acoustic evidence. Today, Kennedy continues to rank highly in public opinion ratings of former U.S. presidents John F. Kennedy is not only one of the most well-known Presidents; he is one of the best Democratic Presidents in history. He only served in office for a short time, from January 20, 1961, to November 22, 1963, when he was assassinated, but made a major impact on all Americans. He wanted all Americans to contribute to the well-being of the country. He famously said "Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country" which changed the way many felt and acted towards America. He is also known for asking many other countries to join together and protect each other. Kennedy did his best to promote peace among different nations, but stood by America when it came to conflicts and war. He gave America the security they wanted and needed and will forever go down in history as a hero. That makes him a democratic president.