Evolution of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Modulation to Discrete Wavelet Multitone

Presented by

Tabassum Nawaz Bajwa Review paper Co-authored by: Arsla Khan, Dr. Sobia Baig

MultiRate Communication Networks Research Group (MRCN) Electrical Engineering Department, COMSATS Lahore
9th International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology (FIT-2011)

Outline Outline
Discrete Wavelet Transform based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DTW-OFDM) Basics - Wavelet and Wavelet Transform - Multi-carrier Modulation (MCM) Motivation of Discrete Wavelet Transform based OFDM System Model (DWT-OFDM) Pros and Cons of DWT-OFDM System Model of DWT-OFDM Applications of DWT-OFDM in wired and wireless Communication Review of the Performance Analysis of DWT-OFDM System Simulation Parameters and Model of DWT-OFDM Transmission Simulation Results Conclusions
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Discrete Wavelet Transform based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DWT-OFDM)

Basic understanding of Wavelet Transform Concept of Multi-carrier Modulation (MCM) Technique i-e Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Motivations, Applications and Pros and Cons of WT-OFDM

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Review ofof Wavelets Review Wavelets

0.5

Wavelet is a small wave that is oscillatory and finite in nature The wave of the wavelet is irregular in shape Wavelet analyzes the data with variable resolution Through variable resolution of wavelet, both detail and approximate features of the signal are analyzed

-0.5

10

11

Symmlet

1.5

0.5

-0.5

-1

0.5

1.5

2.5

Daubenchies

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Wavelet Transform (WT) Wavelet Transform (WT)

A transform when applied on time domain, specifies which frequency components exists in the signal A transform when applied on frequency domain, gives time information about a specific frequency component Wavelet transform provides both time-frequency information of the signal with variable timefrequency resolution A wavelet transform at high frequency gives good time and poor frequency resolution and at low frequency gives good frequency and poor time resolution
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Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) Transform (DWT)

Synthesis Implementation of the signal through variable time-frequency resolution is made possible through iterative filter banks These iterative filter banks contain high and low pass filters The transmitting side of this iterative filter bank is called synthesis At each synthesis level, time resolution is doubled and frequency resolution is halved The receiving side of the filter bank is called analysis At each analysis level, time resolution is halved and frequency resolution is doubled
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Analysis

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Basics of Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM) Basics of Multi-carrier Modulation(MCM)

Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM) Technique

MCM is a technique that divides a signal stream of high rate data into multiple small sub-streams of low rate data Common MCM examples are FDM, OFDM etc
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
1

OFDM is a special case of FDM because it allows overlapping of sub carriers that are orthogonal to each other The concept of orthogonality implies that each sub-carrier should have a null at the center frequency of every other subcarrier
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0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0

10

20

30

40 50 60 70 10 carriers ofdm spectrum

80

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Discrete Wavelet Transform based OFDM Discrete Wavelet Transform based OFDM (DWT-OFDM) (DWT-OFDM)

Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) Orhrogonal Frequency Division Multipliexing (OFDM) Discrete Wavelet Transform based OFDM (DWT-OFDM)

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Motivation for the Adoption of DWT-OFDM Based Communication System

Flexibility in the number of carriers due to iterative nature

Different Data transfer rate is due to different level filtering and sampling

Variable time-frequency resolution Flexible against disturbances introduced by the channel Minimizes noise and interference Better QoS

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Pros and Cons of WOFDM System

Pro Arguments WOFDM reduces the sensitivity of the system against the harmful channel effects like ISI WOFDM offers excellent orthogonality that leads to significant BER improvement WOFDM has bandwidth advantage because it does not use Cyclic Prefic CP Contra Arguments WOFDM has relatively higher computational complexity

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System Model of DWT-OFDM

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Applications of WOFDM

Applications in Wireless Communication Mitigation of ISI

Networking

Applications in Wired Communication

Standards of IEEE 802.11

Modulation and Multiplexing HDSL

PLC ADSL DSL

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Review of the Performance Analysis of DWTOFDM System

Set conditions and System Model for Simulation Simulation results

Conclusion

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Analysis Conditions and System Model for Analysis Conditions and System Model for Simulation Simulation
Channel Conditions
Flat Faded Channel Frequency Selective Rayleigh Fading Channel Time Variant Channels

Variables
Doppler Shifts Wavelet Families Iterations/ Levels

Assumptions
Perfect Synchronization between Transmitter and Receiver

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Review of Simulated Results Review of the Simulated results ....

Flat Fading Channel
The results from the table show that the performance of BER gets poorer at high iterations because it leads to low data rate (high symbol duration) and hence gets more effected by the time varying nature of the transmision medium
Iteration 1st Doppler Shift .005 SNR 15 dBs 20 dBs .05 15 dBs 20 dBs 4th .005 15 dBs 20 dBs .05 15 dBs 20 dBs BER Daubenchies-4 .009 .004 .015 .009 .014 .0065 .015 .009 BER Daubenchies-20 .013 .008 .015 .009 .017 .012 .015 .009 BER Haar .007 .0025 .015 .009 .009 .0045 .015 .009

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Frequency Selective Fading Fading Frequency Selective RayleighChannelChannel

Overall performance of frequency selective channel is poor compared to flat faded channel dut to induced ISI The results from the table show that the performance of BER gets poorer at low iterations because it leads to high data rate (small symbol duration) and gets more effected by ISI than compared to time varying nature of the channel

Iterations

Doppler Shift

SNR

BER Daubenchies-20

BER Haar Incomparable bad performance due to ISI .04 .038 Incomparable bad performance due to ISI .008 .006

3rd

.05

15 dBs 20 dBs

Incomparable bad performance due to ISI .008 .006 .0065 .005 .0013 .0009

.005 4th

15 dBs 20 dBs

.05

15 dBs 20 dBs

.005

15 dBs 20 dBs

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Conclusive Remarks
The reliance of BER on the number of DWT iterations for WOFDM transmission in a time varying, flat and frequency selective fading channel is reviewed in this paper. It is concluded from the experimental results observed in literature that in case of flat fading channels, BER is higher at higher DWT iterations, where symbol duration is longer. In case of frequency selective fading channels, BER is higher at lower DWT iterations, where symbol duration is smaller. Due to the advantages offered by DWT in wavelet based MCM techniques, active research is going on in this area.

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References
[1] A. Goldsmith, Wireless Communications. Standford: Cambridge university press, 2005. M. Oltean and M. Nafornita, Errors per Scale Statistics for a Wavelet OFDM Transmission in Flat Fading Channels, Proceedings of the sixth IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing, WISP 2009, Budapest, Hungry, pp. 119-124, Aug. 2009. [2] S. Y. Ameen, A. H. Hadi, Investigation of Using Turbo Code to Improve the Performance of DWT-OFDM System over Selective Fading Channel, Information and Communication Technology Conference (ICTTA), vol. 2, pp. 2365-2369, Oct. 2006. [3] M. K. Lakshmanan, H. Nikookar, A review of wavelets for digital wireless communication, Wireless Personal Communications, Springer Netherlands, Volume 37, No. 3-4, May 2006, pp. 387-420 [4] F. Zhao, H. Zhang and D. Yuan, Performance of COFDM with Different Orthogonal Bases on AWGN and Frequency Selective Channel, Proceedings of the sixth IEEE International Symposium on Emerging Technologies: Mobile and Wireless Com, CAS Symp 2004, Shanghai, China, pp. 473-475, June 2004. [5] N. Neurohr and M.Schilpp, Comparison of transmultiplexers for multicarrier modulation, Proceedings of the fourth International Conference on Signal Processing, ICSP '98, vol. 1, pp.35-38, 1998. [6] Yao Xiao, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Modulation and Inter-Carrier Interference Cancellation, Thesis by Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, May 2003. [7] M. Oltean and M. Nafornita, Wavelet OFDM Performance in Frequency Selective Fading Channels, Proceedings of COMM08, Bucharest, pp. 343-346, July 2010. [8] W. Wen-xing , "Study on Wavelet Transformation: Used by OFDM in Power Plant," Information Engineering (ICIE), 2010 WASE International Conference on , vol. 2, pp.196-199, Aug. 2010. [9] F.Kristensen, P.Nilsson and A.Olsson, A Flexible OFDM Architecture, A project by LUND University. [10] N. Tressler, Equalizer Design for Discrete Wavelet Multitone Transciever, M.Sc, University of Ottawa, 2001. [11] W. A. Mahmmoud, Ali A. Ali and Saad N. Abdul Majed, Wavelet Based Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access, 5th International MultiConference on Systems, Signals and Devices (SSD), Sep. 2008. [12] A. N. Akansu and L. Xueming , A comparative performance evaluation of DMT (OFDM) and DWMT (DSBMT) based DSL communications systems for single and multitone interference , Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 1998. Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Conference, vol.6, pp.3269-3272, May 1998. [13] C. Kok-Wui and J. M. Cioffi, Discrete wavelet transforms in multi-carrier modulation, Global Telecommunications Conference, 1998. GLOBECOM 98. The Bridge to Global Integration. IEEE , vol. 5, pp.2794-2799 , 1998. S. Baig, Fazal-ur-Rehman and M. J. Mughal, Performance Comparison of DFT, Discrete Wavelet Packet and Wavelet Transforms, in an OFDM Transceiver for Multipath Fading Channel, 9th International Multitopic Conference, IEEE INMIC 2005, pp.1-6, Dec. 2005. [14] A. M. Samah, E. H. Velar, Performance Evaluation of DWMT Downlink Scheme over UTP-3 Cable, Elektrika, vol. 11, pp. 20-26, 2009. [15] M. Oltean, A study of the multi-scale WOFDM transmission in time variant channels, International Journal of Communications (NAUN), Issue 1, vol. 2, pp. 96-105, Dec. 2008.

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Thank You

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