PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA (University of the City of Manila) Intramuros, Manila

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering

Design No. 1 ACOUSTIC ROOM DESIGN (Gusaling Villegas Laboratory 2)

In Partial Fulfillment of the Course ECE172 Broadcast Engineering and Acoustics

Group Members: CHUA, Wileen Rana G. COSE, Eduardo Jr. M. DE LEON, Joseph M. FLORENTINO, Jean Krizel L. FRANCO, Briana Germaine V. MIRADORA, Dannie F. VALENZUELA, Olivia Grace M.

Submitted to: Engr. Leonardo A. Samaniego

Date Submitted: 30 September 2011

INTRODUCTION The way sound behaves and affects the people in the room depends heavily on the room geometric and placement of absorption material. The acoustic performance of a room is very much dependent on the shape, size, and layout of the room - a fact often overlooked by many. The acoustical performance of the laboratory room represents an important element for a clear and optimal sound. No matter how good the sound system is, if the environment within which it is operating is not geared towards good quality sound, it will sound terrible. This in itself is dependent on the nature, as well as on the overall area of the different surfaces within the laboratory room. In particular, the room's construction, furnishings, windows, and wall surfaces, all have a massive impact on the acoustic performance of the laboratory. Sound reflections from the different surfaces, and refractions as sound travels through different materials, all lead to serious sound distortions. Furthermore, there is also the issue of noise transmission both from within the laboratory as well as from outside. One has to look at ways on how to stop sound crossing the room boundary, more specifically, to soundproof the room. The design includes the proposal for the renovation and construction of the Laboratory Room 2 to make it appropriate in considering the acoustic performance of the work space.

OBJECTIVES y y y y y To be able to determine the acoustical properties of Laboratory 2. To know the precise measurements of Laboratory 2. To determine the total surface area, total volume, and reverberation time of Laboratory 2. To identify the room category of Laboratory 2. To come up with a design that is appropriate for classroom discussion.

SCOPES AND LIMITATIONS This study covers some concepts in acoustics like the phenomena in acoustics and categories of room. It also covers some computations needed in studying the acoustics of a certain room. These computations include the total surface area, total volume, and the reverberation time. Some computations are done through the help of software like AutoCAD and SketchUp. This study is only limited to the room assigned by the professor, which is the Laboratory 2. There are three conditions at need to be considered: (1) an empty room; (2) a typical room with tables and chairs; (3) a fully functional room that includes 40 persons. Complex topics on acoustics are not included, only those that are required by the professor.

DISCUSSIONS AND RESULTS Reverberation time (RT60) It is defined as the time required, in seconds, for the average sound in a room to decrease by 60 decibels after a source stops generating sound. It is the primary descriptor of an acoustic environment. A space with a long reverberation time is referred to as a live environment. When sound dies out quickly within a space it is referred to as being an acoustically "dead" environment. An optimum reverberation time depends highly on the use of the space. For example, speech is best understood within a "dead" environment. Music can be enhanced within a "live" environment as the notes blend together. Different styles of music will also require different reverberation times. Dead Room: Live Room:  Sabine Equation There are several formulas for calculating reverberation time; the most common formula is the Sabine Formula, created by Wallace Clement Sabine. The formula is based on the volume of the space and the total amount of absorption within a space. The total amount of absorption within a space is referred to as sabins. It is important to note that the absorption and surface area must be considered for every material within a space in order to calculate sabins.   

where: k = dimension coefficient A = total absorption = s V = volume S = total surface area Absorption The absorption coefficient of a material is a number between 0 and 1 which indicates the proportion of sound which is absorbed by the surface compared to the proportion which is reflected back into the room. A large, fully open window would offer no reflection as any sound reaching it would pass straight out and no sound would be reflected. This would have an absorption coefficient of 1. Conversely, a thick, smooth painted concrete ceiling would be the acoustic equivalent of a mirror, and would have an absorption coefficient very close to 0. Wood Glass Concrete Chairs Tables People Absorption Coefficient 0.17 0.18 0.06 0.22 0.17 0.42

Figure 1: Front Elevation

Figure 2: Rear Elevation

Figure 3: Right Elevation

Figure 4: Left Elevation

Surface Area Using SketchUp, we obtained:  where: SA1 = surface area of the floor including the columns SA2 = surface area of the ceiling including the beams 

Quantity Length (m) Height (m) 4 0.50 0.16 1 0.47 0.43 2 0.50 3.75 2 0.56 0.31 2 0.56 0.27 1 0.50 6.76 8 0.40 0.18 2 0.40 3.76 2 0.20 0.27 2 0.40 3.74 2 0.59 0.28 1 0.59 2.70 4 0.35 0.40 TOTAL SURFACE AREA (Sb&c)

Area (m ) 0.32 0.20 3.75 0.35 0.30 3.38 0.58 3.01 0.11 2.99 0.33 1.59 0.56 17.47

Table 1: Surface area of beams and columns

 

 

Volume



 

 

 

Length (m) 0.85 2.13 3.74 3.76 0.22 0.33 0.27 0.31 3.39 3.39 0.43 3.74 0.35 0.18 0.24 0.24 2.7 0.24 3.74 0.28 0.59

Height (m) 0.44 0.83 0.16 0.16 0.43 0.22 0.56 6.76 0.33 0.38 0.47 0.35 3.78 3.73 0.05 0.05 0.27 0.43 0.18 0.24 2.7

Width (m)

Quantity

Volume (m ) 0.08 1.33 0.30 0.30 0.24 0.25 1.02 1.17 0.26 0.31 0.69 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.04 0.05 0.15 0.72 0.54 0.23 0.45 9.71

0.11 2 0.75 1 0.5 1 0.5 1 2.56 1 3.39 1 6.76 1 0.56 1 0.23 1 0.24 1 3.39 1 0.4 1 0.4 1 0.4 2 3.49 1 4.49 1 0.2 1 3.49 2 0.4 2 3.49 1 0.28 1 Total Volume (Vb&c)

Table 2: Surface area of beams and columns



 

Wood Glass Concrete Chairs Tables People

Total Surface Area 52.54 37.26 292.65 40.00 64.36 40.00

Absorption Coefficient 0.17 0.18 0.06 0.22 0.17 0.42

Table 3: Absorption Coefficient

Length (m)

Width (m)

Height (m)

Surface Area (m2)

Brown Table (3)

2.41

0.93

0.81

29.67

White Table (1)

2.41

0.83

0.81

9.25

Small Table (4)

1.21

0.83

0.81

21.24

Professors Table (1)

1.22

0.61

0. 74

4.20

Total Surface Area

Table 4: Surface Area of Tables

64.36

Case I: Empty Room

Sabine Equation

 Norris Eyring Equation

Case II: Room with chairs and tables

Sabine Equation

Norris Eyring Equation

Case III: Room with chairs, tables and people

Sabine Equation

Norris Eyring Equation

RECOMMENDATION A material that possesses a low absorption coefficient is referred to as reflective material. Since reverberation time is inversely proportional to the absorption coefficient, these materials are used because low values of absorption coefficient are needed in order to increase the reverberation time from 0.71 sec to 0.8 sec. Gypsum plasters are used to cover parts of the right side wall and the ceiling while wood laths are used to cover the back and right side windows of the room. Materials Picture Absorption Coefficient

Wood Lath

0.06

Gypsum Plaster

0.02

Table 5 Absorption Coefficients of the Acoustic Materials Used

Materials Concrete Glass Woods Chairs Tables Students Gypsum Plaster Wood Lath

Area Before 292.62 37.26 52.54 40 64.36 40 None None

New Area 226.06 12.06 35.26 40 64.36 40 17.28 6.91 6.84 52.81 5.48 19.72

Comments

Absorption Coefficient 0.06 0.18 0.17 0.22 0.17 0.42 0.06 0.02 Total

Wood at the Rear Side wall Side wall Ceiling Glass at the rear Right windows

Area x Absorption Coefficient 13.56 2.17 5.99 8.80 10.94 16.80 0.35 0.14 0.14 1.06 0.33 1.18 61.46

Table 6 Summary of Computed Values in Calculating the Reverberation Time

Note: The acoustic materials are not placed on pillars. Using Sabine Equation  

The proposed design of GV Laboratory 2

CONCLUSION To summarize, the values of reverberation time that we obtained using the Sabine and Norris Eyring Equations are listed in the table shown below: Sabine Equation 1.49 sec 0.94 sec 0.71 sec Norris Eyring Equation 1.37 sec 0.85 sec 0.65 sec

Case I Case II Case III

Table 7 Summary of Reverberation Time

In acoustics, room can be categorized into two: dead room and live room. It is said to be a dead room if the  . On the other hand,  is classified as live room. Therefore, Case I

falls under the live room category while the other two cases are considered dead rooms. A good reverberation time for speech ranges from 0.8 to 1.3 seconds, as presented in Table 8. Given the required reverberation time of 0.8 second, acoustics materials like wood lath and gypsum plaster are added on the ceiling, right side wall and the back wall. Reverberation Time 1.4 - 2.0 2.1 - 3.0 Fair - Poor Unacceptable* Fair Poor Fair - Good Good - Fair

Speech Contemporary music Choral music

.8 - 1.3 Good Fair - Good Poor - Fair

Optimum** 0.8 - 1.1 1.2 - 1.4 1.8 - 2.0+

Table 8 Reverberation Time Coefficients

Computing for the total surface area and total volume, wherein the sound travels, is needed in order to obtain the value of reverberation time. Also, with the help of AutoCAD and SketchUp, precise measurements of every length, width and height is acquired easily.