A Human Development Program

Objective

Oportunidades Objective

Stop intergenerational transmission of poverty by developing education, health and nutrition capabilities on the members of its beneficiary families.

Oportunidades Interventions

Seniors Aid Child Benefit for Better Living

Food Aid for Better Living

Health
Energy Consumption

Nutritional Support

Youth with Oportunidades (JOPS)

Educational grants and school supplies

Oportunidades covers the entire life cycle of its benificiary families.

New actions

Joint Operation
of both programs:

Oportunidades and PAL.

This will improve planning facilitating the transfer of families between both programs

COVERAGE
6,495,981 (2010)
5,471,323 (2009)

2009
PAL NATIONAL OP TOTAL (1) PAL

2010
OP TOTAL (2)

%
increase

261,964

5,209,359

5,471,323

677,027

5,818,954

6,495,981

18.7

The number of families atended by Oportunidades and the Food Support Program (PAL) increased by 18.7% from 5.47 million families in 2009 to 6.5 million families in 2010.

This means an increase of over thirty million Mexicans

(1) III Informe de Gobierno (2) Cifra de cierre 2010

Cash Transfers Effects during Econimic Crisis

Oportunidades and PAL prevented that almost one million people fell into poverty
Government programs had a crucial role in these results. Without them, poverty would have affected 1.6 million more people into extreme poverty, that means 2.0 million people.

Specifically, Oportunidades program prevented that 973 000 people fell into poverty and the Food Support Program (PAL) did for 16 000 people. *

* Estimated by the Subsecretara de Prospectiva, Planeacin y Evaluacin of SEDESOL, published in the Journal
of Social Indicators of Development, Volume 1, Number 14, July 31, 2011

Poverty in Mexico

Impact of crisis in Mexico

Mexico is not exempt from the worlds increase in the number of people living in poverty conditions due to de economic crisis and the rise of food prices.

Patrimonial
Found in households whose income is lower than what is needed to cover basic consumption patterns, including food, health, education, housing, clothing, footwear and public transportation needs.

% de personas en condiciones de pobreza en Mxico

Capabilities
Found in households whose income is lower than what is needed to cover basic consumption patterns for food, health and education needs.

Food
(Extreme Poverty)
Found in households whose income is lower than what is needed to cover their basic food requirements (daily consumption of 2,200 cal per person)
CONEVAL (National Council of Evaluation of Social Developmet Policy)

Poverty Indicators, 2010

Vulnerable because of their social needs

Welfare

Income

32.3 million 28.7% 1.9 Average of social needs

Welfare Line Minimum Welfare Line

Non-poor and non-vulnerable

21.8 million 19.3%

Extreme poverty
11.7 million 10.4% 3.7 social needs

Moderate poverty
40.3 million 35.8% 2.1 social needs

Vulnerable because of the income

6.5 million 5.8%

Poverty

Social Needs

Social Rights

46.2% 52.0 million 2.5 social needs

Oportunidades, a Human Development Program

Components and benefits offered by Oportunidades

(In US Dollars) 1 USD = 12.6 MXP

Component

Support Food Aid for Better Living

Amount $ 9.52

What is it?

Corresponsability

Responsible
The whole family

Emergent temporary aid Regular attendance to communal to lessen the impact of the international educative self care health workshops (per family) hike of food prices Economic aid to improve family members nutrition

Nutritional Nutrition

$ 17.45
(per family) Nutritional supplement for children under 5 and pregnant or nursing women

Attendance to health promotion workshops

The whole family

Energetic
Children under 6 yrs. Children 6 to 9 yrs. old

$ 4.76
(per family)

Additional cash transfer to compensate energy consuption expenses Direct cash transfer for every child 0 to 9 yrs. old in order to support their proper nutrition and development.

Regular attendance to health workshops Birth certifcate

All family members older than 15

$ 7.93
(per child)

The whole family School enrollment certificate

Components and benefits offered by Oportunidades

(In US Dollars) 1 USD = 12.6 MXP

Component

Support Basic health care package

Amount

What is it?
Preventive Health (PREVENIMSS and Life Lines)

Corresponsability
Regular preventive medical visits and attendance to health workshops Attendance to health check-ups every 6 months (proof of life)

Responsible
All family members older than 15

Health and nutrion workshops

Health
SeniorsAid $24.19 Cash transfer for the elder members of (per senior) beneficiary families (over 70 years old)
Seniors 70 years and older

Components and benefits offered by Oportunidades

(In US Dollars) 1 USD = 12.6 MXP

Component

Support Grants School suplies Youth with Oportunidades

Amount $11.49 $ 73.35 $28.95

(per student)

What is it?
Educational grants for children and teenagers starting on their 3rd grade and up to their senior year of High School

Corresponsability

Responsible

Education

Cash support for school supplies every 6 months

Regular school attendance (at least 85%)

All scolarship holders

Economic incentive for students (per student) who finish their High School education

$294.68

Finish High School before turning 22 years old and opening up their own savings bank account

Scolarship holders who finish High School

Monthly Educational Incentives (Grants)

2000
Without gender compensatory scholarships

2010
With gender compensatory scholarships

Boys

Girls

Elementary School 3rd 4th 5th 6th 11.49 USD 13.48 USD 17.45 USD 22.99 USD Middle School 1st 2nd 33.70 USD 35.67 USD 35.67 USD 39.26 USD

3rd

37.67 USD

43.22 USD

High School 1st 2nd 3rd 56.70 USD 60.67 USD 64.24 USD 65.03 USD 69.39 USD 73.35 USD * 1 USD = 12.6 MXP

Numbers of scholarship holders who were supported JOPS

For the year 2011, numbers are approximate, considering the movements recorded in our database of beneficiaries.

FISCAL YEAR 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total

SCOLARSHIP HOLDERS 17,862 34,490 80,231 96,864 170,908 62,158 255,339 89,202 188,030 995,084

PROVIDED SUPPORTS $ $ 2,143,440.00 4,385,875.32

$ 17,077,263.17 $ 25,239,357.27 $ 53,419,539.63 $ 18,362,355.32 $ 68,879,602.91 $ 27,135,535.95 $ 58,899,058.08 $275,542,027.65

Finance & bank relationship

Coverage Increase
Oportunidades is not only an important player in Mexican Social Policy: it is the Governments main initiative in trying to achieve Human and Social Development
7

6.5 mf
0.7

6
Beneficiary Families (millions)

5.8
5 5 5 5 5 5.2

5 4 3 2 1 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

4.2 3.1

4.2

$ 2,250.8 MD

$ 3,500.6 MD

$ 2,364.4 MD

$ 706.6 MD

2009

2010

2011

Operating expenses: 3% ($ 166,666.67 USD) Commission of payers: 2% ($ 111,100.00 USD)

$ 5473.7 MD

2.5

$ 3,592.2 MD

$ 3,342.6MD

$ 4,779.0 MD

$ 3,284.3 MD

$ 3,475.5MD

Relationship between Oportunidades, WB & IDB

1. Financial support in terms of the loans from the World Bank and the IDB to the Federal Government 2. Technical Support

Financial support in terms of the loans from the World Bank and the IDB to the Federal Government

Ao 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Oportunidades Budget in U.S. million dollars

$706.60 $2,250.80

$ 2,364.40 $ 3,284.30 $ 3,500.60 $ 3,342.60 $ 3,475.50 $ 3,592.20 $ 4,779.00 $ 5,473.70

Bank lending in millions of dollars

$454.90 $ 325.60

216.60 $

303.30 $

259.70 $

357.90 $

266.60 $ 1,953.80 $

611.10 $

501.70

Loan Percentage 64.0%

14.4%

9.1%

9.2%

7.4%

10.7%

7.6%

54.3%

12.7%

9.1%

Family coverage (in millions)

4.2

4.2

5.8

5.8

Technical Support

1. Define what we want to evaluate

Identify the aspects to be evaluated Define the purpose of the evaluation

2. Establish evaluation agreement between the banks and the program

Costs and expected results

3. Definition of the loan contract

Terms of loan contract Evaluation Process Technical monitoring

4. Presentation of evaluation results

General Processes

General Processes

Targeting
1.1 Territorial targeting 1.2 Family targeting

Incorporation
Family incorporation

Coresponsibilities
Certification of the fullfilment of families corresponsabilities

Transfers
4.1 Calculation. 4.2 Transfer.

Timeliness and recertification

TARGETING

Identify families that are eligible for the Program

Collecting, capturing, and analysis of socioeconomic information for families

Identify households that are located in the scope for EDA attention (DSS) different support scheme Identify families that no longer meet the eligibility criteria of the program

The targeting methodology for the identification and permanence of families susceptible to being beneficiaries of the program is objective, consistent and transparent

Family Identification

Analysis

1 hr. survey
Each Social Promoter makes an average of 10 surveys per day, to ensure quality thereof

of the household socioeconomic information

Identification
of elegible families

With the support of:

Cuestionario nico de Informacin Socioeconmica

(CUIS)
Mobile Device (DM)
Social Promoter (PS)

How coresponsibilities are certified

How transfers are calculated and delivered (cash)

How transfers are calculated and delivered (card)

Recertification 2010

Verify if the conditions of extreme poverty in recipient household are keep

F41 F29 F1 F5 F1 F5 F37 F29 F5 F1

1997
0.3 mf

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2008

2009

2010
6.5 mf

2011

3.4 mf

5 mf

F37 F41 F5 F29 F37 F41 F29 F41 F37 The number F5 F29 F41 F41F1 F37 F41 F41 F1 F37 F41 F37 F29 F29 F5 F37 F41 F29 F41 F41 F29 F29 F5 F41 F5 F1 F37 F5 F41 F29 F41 F37 F29 F5F41 F37 F29 F1 F5 F41 F41 F41 F37 F37F29 F1 F29 F41 F41 F5 F41 F1 F41 F41 F29 F29 F1 F5 F37 F37 F41 F29 F41 F29 F5 F37 F41 F29 F41 F1 F37 F5 F1 F41 F5 F41 F1 F37 F37 F29F41 F29F41 F5 F29 F41 F41 F37 F41 F29 F1 F5 F1 F5 F37 F1 F41 F29 F37 F29 F41 F41 F37

of families in each phase is variable

IMPLICATIONS: Cost Complexity

Efectividad limitada al realizarse en escritorio Differentiated actions with variablecosts in each state

TIMELINESS, AND RECERTIFICATION

CONTENIDO

Proposal for the Recertification Process

1.14
MF

1.15
MF

1.15
MF 2013 2014

1.13
MF 2015

1.14
MF 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

2010

2011

2012

2022

2023

8 mil locs

9 mil locs

14 mil locs

17 mil locs

47 mil locs

Recertification in location Recertification at home

5.71 MF

TIMELINESS, AND RECERTIFICATION

OUT
$ 92.99 USD (CONEVAL) $80.05 USD LBE / Welfare Line ESTIMATED VPCS

EDA x 6 years (DSS) Different Support Scheme

DSS

$ 49.68 USD $ 47.43 USD (CONEVAL)

ESTIMATED LBM / Minimum Welfare Line

STAY

QUEDAN

DSS includes:
Scholarships Alimentary LB Senior JOPs Alimentary Support Energetic Scholarships for Elementary School Children Alimentary

With children< 22 or women < 49

DO study DO NOT study WITH seniors

X years until conclusion of Middle School 2 years

OUT OUT

DOES NOT INCLUDE:

DSS

(* )

Without children < 22 or women< 49

Until assisted by 70+, death of the senior or new recertification OUT

WITHOUT seniors

Urban attention

Coverage Increase in urban areas

Families
Year 2002 2006 2009

Rural Rural
3,090,800 3,468,130 3,446,333

Semiurban Semiurbano
616,126 867,451 903,252

Urban Urbano
533,074 664,419 859,774

Total 4,240,000 5,000,000 5,209,359

2010

3,922,989

1,059,919

1,517,092

6,500,000

The number of beneficiary families in urban areas, tripled since 2002.

Familias atendidas

2002

2006

2009

2010

New actions in 2010

Alternative model for the attention of urban poverty to enhance impact in developing family members capabilities.

Includes :
New multidimensional targeting model Increased coverage of health services that respond to city dynamics Increase grants amounts , due to the higher costs of education and living expenses in urban areas

New corresponsability scheme, giving greater flexibility for cimpliance

Payment made by debit card

What makes Oportunidades a succesful CCT Consideration of external and internal evaluation results in order to improve operation and its effects Clear objectives and structure Positive incentives for people to comply with their corresponsabilities Empyrical evidence of the positive effects of the Program Ability to adapt to both: national and international contexts

Quality in health and education services

Adequate targeting Time line: well defined entry and exit requirements

Legal Framework
Mexican Constitution
DOF 05/02/1917 ARTS. 26, 49, 80, 90

General Act on Social Development

DOF 20/01/2004 Chap. III. Finance and Expenditure

Planning Law
DOF 05/01/1983 ARTS. 5, 21, 22, 23

Regulation of the General Act of Social Development

DOF 18/01/2006

National Development Plan 2007 - 2012

DOF 31/05/2007 3. Equal Opportunities

Social Development Sectorial Program 2007 - 2010

DOF 10/04/2008

Decree of Creation August 8th, 1997

DOF 06/03/2002

Expenditure Budget of the Federation

ARTS. 23, 26, 27

Operating Rules
DOF 31/12/2007

Evaluations & Results

Evaluation Model

External and indepndent

Approaches

Study groups

Quantitative Qualitative

Evaluacin Integral
Subjects Temporary dimension

Levels of analysis
Households Individuals Ethnic Groups Localities

External Evaluation Results

Education

Less beneficiaries inherit their parents social, economic and working conditions.

Agudo Sanchs , Alejandro. Cmo se explica el impacto educativo del Programa Oportunidades? Actores, factores y procesos.

External Evaluation Results

Education

In 2000, 5 of each 10 children in poverty finished Elementary education 2008 7 of each 10 finished it.

Agudo Sanchs , Alejandro. Cmo se explica el impacto educativo del Programa Oportunidades? Actores, factores y procesos.

External Evaluation Results

Education
Oportunidades has contributed to close two important gaps in education: ethnic and gender.

School enrollment years have increased more among indigenous population and among women.

Agudo Sanchs , Alejandro. Cmo se explica el impacto educativo del Programa Oportunidades? Actores, factores y procesos.

External Evaluation Results

Nutrition

Beneficiary children from 24 to 71 months old increased their height in a average of 0.261 inches compared to non beneficiaries.

Neufel, L.; Meja, F.; Gaxiola, A.; Garca Guerrera, A. Diagnstico situacional del estado nutricional de nios menores de dos aos de edad y sus madres, beneficiarios de Oportunidades en zonas rurales.

External Evaluation Results

Nutrition

Reduction in the prevalence of anemia in beneficiaries under two years old, from 61% to 35.8%.

Levels of health and motor skills as well as physical development of children improved considerably compared to non beneficiaries.
Neufel, L.; Meja, F.; Gaxiola, A.; Garca Guerrera, A. Diagnstico situacional del estado nutricional de nios menores de dos aos de edad y sus madres, beneficiarios de Oportunidades en zonas rurales.

External Evaluation Results

Health
Less consumption of alcoholic beverages among young people between 22 and 24 years old exposed to Oportunidades.

Gutirrez, J.P. Comportamientos de riesgo y sus consecuencias para la salud, bienestar y probabilidad de participacin laboral.

External Evaluation Results

Health

35% increase of health assistance in rural areas and 20% in urban areas.

Rodrguez Ortega, E.; Pasillas Torres, Mireya. Efectos de Oportunidades en la economa e infraestructura local en zonas rurales a diez aos de intervencin del Programa Oportunidades (Evaluacin Cualitativa)

International Cooperation
Countries and International Organizations
European Union Guatemala Ecuador Guinea Bissau Morocco Tanzania Panama Japan Honduras Paraguay Chile China Colombia Brazil Pakistan Burundi Philipines New York City Ford Foundation Gates Foundation Wold Bank UN - WFP American University

Between 2008 and 2010 Oportunidades welcomed more than 30 countries, international organizations and foundations that were interested in knowing and learning about the Program, as well as in recieving advice. These activities allowed the exchange of experiences and the development of projects.

Thank you!
www.oportunidades.gob.mx