1.

1
1 1
( ) ( )
1
n n
ax b dx ax b
n a
+
+ = +
+
}
, 1 n =
2. ln | |
dx
x
x
=
}

3.
1
ln | |
dx
ax b
ax b a
= +
+
}

4.
1 ax ax
a
e dx e =
}
,
1
ln
x x
a
a dx a =
}

5. ln (ln 1) x dx x x =
}

6.
1
sin( ) cos( )
a
ax b dx ax b

+ = +
}

7.
1
cos( ) sin( )
a
ax b dx ax b + = +
}

8.
2
cos sin
sin
2 2
x x x
x dx =
}

9.
2
cos sin
cos
2 2
x x x
x dx = +
}

10.
1 2
1 1
sin sin cos sin
n n n
n
x dx x x x dx
n n


= +
} }

11.
1 2
1 1
cos cos sin cos
n n n
n
x dx x x x dx
n n

= +
} }

12. tg ln | cos | x dx x =
}

13. ctg ln | sin | dx x =
}

14.
1 2
1
tg tg tg
1
n n n
x dx x x dx
n

=

} }

15.
1 2
1
ctg ctg ctg
1
n n n
x dx x x dx
n

} }

16.
1
ln | tg |
cos sin
dx
x
x x
= +
}

17.
1
ln | ctg |
sin sin
dx
x
x x
= +
}

18.
2 2
1 1 tg 2 1
1 1 cos cos cos
n n n
x n
dx dx
n n x x x

| |
= +
|
\ .
} }

19.
2 2
1 1 ctg 2 1
1 1 sin sin sin
n n n
x n
dx dx
n n x x x

| |
= +
|
\ .
} }

20.
2
arcsin arcsin 1 x dx x x x = +
}

21.
2
arccos arccos 1 x dx x x x =
}

22.
2
arctg arctg ln 1 x dx x x x = +
}

23.
2
arcctg arcctg ln 1 x dx x x x = + +
}

24.
2 2 2 2 1
1 1
( ) ( ) , 1
2 1
n n
x x a dx x a n
n
+
= =
+
}

25.
2 2
2 2
ln
xdx
x a
x a
=

}

26.
2 2
1
arctg
dx x
a a x a
=
+
}

27.
1
2 2 2
ln | |
a
dx x a
x a x a

=
+
}

28.
2 2 2 2 3 1
3
( ) x x a dx x a =
}

29.
2 2
2 2
xdx
x a
x a
=

}

30.
,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1
2
ln | | x a dx x x a a x x a = + +
}

31.
2 2
2 2
ln | |
dx
x x a
x a
= +

}

32.
2 2
2 2
1
(ln ln( ))
dx
x x a a
a
x x a
= + +
+
}

33.
2 2
2 2
xdx
a x
a x
=

}

34.
2 2 2 2 2
1
arcsin
2
( )
x
a x dx x a x a
a
= +
}

35.
2 2
arcsin
dx x
a
a x
=

}

36.
2
1
( 1)
ax ax
a
xe dx e ax =
}

37.
1 1 n ax n ax n ax n
a a
x e dx x e x e dx

=
} }

38.
2 2
1
sin ( sin cos )
ax ax
a b
e bx dx e a bx b bx
+
=
}

39.
2 2
1
cos ( cos sin )
ax ax
a b
e bx dx e a bx b bx
+
= +
}

40.
1
sinh( ) cosh( )
a
ax dx ax =
}

41.
1
cosh( ) sinh( )
a
ax dx ax =
}

42. tanh( ) ln | cosh( ) | x dx x = +
}



Area with Double Integral: ,
2
1
2 1
( ) ( )
x
A x
A dxdy y x y x dx = =
}} }

(standard formula: y2 is top function, y1 is bottom function)
Volume with Triple Integral:
,
2 1
( , ) ( , )
xy
V D
V dxdydz z x y z x y dxdy = =
}}} }}
(analogous)
Change of coordinates in integral
Polar 2D
cos
sin
x r
y r
= |

[0, ], [0, 2 ] r a e |e t
dxdy rdrd = |
Cylindrical 3D
cos
sin
x r
y r
z z
= |

1 2
[0, ], [0, 2 ], [ , ] r a z z z e |e t e
dxdy dz r dr d dz = |
Spherical 3D
cos sin
sin sin
cos
x
y
z
= | u

= u

= u

[0, ], [0, 2 ], [0, ] r a e |e t ue t
2
sin dx dy dz d d d = u | u
Parameterize Curves (x(t),y(t),z(t) and Surfaces (x(u,v),y(u,v),z(u,v))
Curves (1 parameter) Surfaces (2 parameters)
Explicit function y=y(x)
( )
x t
y y t
=

[0, 2 ] t e t
Disk at z=b with radius R; center (p,q)
( , ) cos( )
[0, 2 ]
( , ) sin( )
[0, ]
( , )
x u v v u p
u
y u v v u q
v R
z u v b
= +
e t
= +

e

=

Circle radius R; center (p,q)
, ,
, ,
cos
sin
x t R t p
y t R t q
= +

= +

[0, 2 ] t e t
Cylinder with radius R and center (p,q)
1 2
( , ) cos( )
[0, 2 ]
( , ) sin( )
[ , ]
( , )
x t z R t p
t
y t z R t q
z z z
z t z z
= +
e t
= +

e

=

Ellipse center (p,q); a and b
, ,
, ,
cos
sin
x t a t p
y t b t q
= +

= +

[0, 2 ] t e t
Sphere with radius R and center (p,q,s)
( , ) cos( )sin( )
( , ) sin( )sin( )
( , ) cos( )
x u v R u v p
y u v R u v q
z u v R v s
= +

= +

= +

[0, 2 ]
[0, ]
u
v
e t

e t

2 2
( ) ( ) az x p y q = + , z b s (cut off paraboloid)
( , ) cos( )
[0, 2 ]
( , ) sin( )
[0, ]
( , )
x t z az t p
t
y t z az t q
z b
z t z z

= +

e t
= +

e

=

Line Integrals:
Let C: (x(t),y(t),z(t)) parameterized curve with endpoints
1 2
[ , ] t t
I. Arc length ds:
2
1
2 2 2
( , , ) ( ( ), ( ), ( ))
t
t
C
f x y z ds f x t y t z t x y z dt = + +
} }

2D:
2
1
2 2
( , ) ( ( ), ( ))
t
t
C
f x y ds f x t y t x y dt = +
} }
If y=y(x), parameterize with x=t and y=y(t).
II. *With dx, dy, dz :
2
1
( , , ) ( , , ) ( , , ) ( )
t
t
C
P x y z dx Q x y z dy R x y z dz P x Q y R z dt + + = + +
} }

**SPECIAL If rot[<P,Q,R>]=0 then find potential u: ( , )
u
P u Pdx f y z
x
c
= = +
c
}

( , , ) ( , , ) ( , , ) ( ) ( )
C
P x y z dx Q x y z dy R x y z dz u B u A + + =
}
; A and B are endpoints of C.
2D:
2
1
( , ) ( , ) ( )
t
t
C
P x y dx Q x y dy P x Q y dt + = +
} }
(set R=0 in all 3D formulas!)
Greens theorem for closed curve C on x0y plane enclosing surface D.
( , ) ( , )
D C
Q P
P x y dx Q x y dy dxdy
x y +
| | c c
+ =
|
c c
\ .
} }}
(+ means D is on your left as you walk C)
Surface Integrals:
I. S= (x(u,v),y(u,v),z(u,v)) ( , , ) ( ( , ), ( , ), ( , ))
uv
u v
S
D
f x y z dS f x u v y u v z u v dS dS du dv =
}} }}


where , ,
u
y
x z
dS
u u u
c
c c
= < >
c c c

and , ,
v
y
x z
dS
v v v
c
c c
=< >
c c c

S: z=z(x,y)
2 2
( , , ) ( , , ( , )) ( ) ( ) 1
xy
S
D
z z
f x y z dS f x y z x y dx dy
x y
c c
= + +
c c
}} }}

II. With dydz, dxdz, dxdy:
( , , ) ( , , ) ( , , ) , , ( )
uv
u v
S D
P x y z dydz Q x y z dxdz R x y z dxdy P Q R dS dS du dv
+
+ + = < >
}} }}


S: z=z(x,y) , , , ,1
xy
S D
z z
Pdydz Qdxdz Rdxdy P Q R dxdy
x y
+
c c
+ + = < > < >
c c
}} }}

S: F(x,y,z)=c , , , ,1
xy
F F
y x
F F S D
z z
Pdydz Qdxdz Rdxdy P Q R dx dy
+
c c
c c
c c
c c
+ + = < > < >
}} }}

*** Stokes theorem for closed curve C in space enclosing surface S:

S C
dydz dxdz dxdy
Pdx Qdy Rdz
x y z
P Q R
+
c c c
+ + =
c c c
} }}

(+ means S is on your left as you walk C
with your head pointed in +z direction)
If we have 2D, then R=0 and Greens thm.
****Gauss- Ostrogradskys theorem for closed surface S enclosing solid G
( , , ) ( , , ) ( , , )
S G
P Q R
P x y z dydz Q x y z dxdz R x y z dxdy dx dy dz
x y z
+
| | c c c
+ + = + +
|
c c c
\ .
}} }}}

Vector Calculus
Scalar function: y=f(x), z=f(x,y), w=f(x,y,z) are scalar (real-valued functions)
Vector field has components that are scalar functions.
1D: ( )
x x
F r x r i =< >=

, 2D: ( , ), ( , )
x y x y
F r x y r x y r i r j =< >= +

,
3D: ( , , ), ( , , ), ( , , )
x y z x y z
F r x y z r x y z r x y z r i r j r k =< >= + +


Note: ( , , )
z z
r r x y z = is the z-component of the vector and it is a scalar function of the 3
independent variables x,y,z (Analogous for
x
r and
y
r )
Gradient, divergence and rotation are operators.
Gradient: scalar function vector field V: nabla or del
f=f(x,y,z) grad( ) , ,
f f f f f f
f f i j k
x y z x y z
c c c c c c
= V =< >= + +
c c c c c c


Divergence: vector field scalar function
, ,
x y z
F r r r =< >

( )
y x z
r r r
div F
x y z
c c c
= + +
c c c

We write: ( ) , , , ,
x y z
div F F r r r
x y z
c c c
=V =< > < >
c c c

scalar product
Rotation (curl): vector field vector field
, ,
x y z
F r r r =< >

( )
x y z
i j k
rot F F
x y z
r r r
c c c
=V =
c c c


vector product
2D: ,
x y
F r r =< >

use 0
z
r =
Work: Let F

be a vector field; C a curve parameterized by t, ( ( ), ( ), ( )) C x t y t z t = ,

1 2
[ , ] t t t e
*Then
2
1
( ) ( ), ( ), ( )
t
C t
W F ds F t x t y t z t dt = = < >
} }

(Analogous 1D:
b
a
W Fds =
}
)
Potential: Let F

be a vector field with ( ) 0 rot F =

. Then there exists f such that f F V =

.
** ( ) ( )
C C
W F ds f ds f B f A = = V =
} }

where A and B are the endpoints of C.
f is called the potential of F

.
Circulation (Stokes): Let F

and C a closed curve bounding the surface S.

*** ( )
S
C
Circ F ds rot F ndS = =
} }}

, where n

is the unit normal pointing out from C.

Divergence (Gauss) Theorem: Let F

and closed surface S enclosing solid G.

**** ( )
S G
Flux FdS div F dxdydz = =
}} }}}