EURASIA WASTE MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM

14 - 16 NOVEMBER 2011 HAL CONGRESS CENTER ISTANBUL / TURKEY

PROCEEDINGS

www.eurasiasymposium.com

Committees
Honorary Committee Prof. Dr. Veysel Erolu Erdoan Bayraktar Prof. Dr. Adem Batrk Prof. Dr. Mustafa ztrk Prof. Dr. Ltfi Aka Sedat Kadolu Prof. Dr. smail Yksek Prof. Dr. Cumali Knac Prof. Dr. Ahmet Demir Recep ahin Prof. Dr. Hayrullah Aacolu Prof. Dr. Ferruh Ertrk Prof. Dr. Mehmet Emin Birpnar Scientific Committee Prof. Dr. Fabrizio Adani Prof. Dr. Mehmet Emin Aydn Prof. Dr. Mara Pilar Bernal Prof. Dr. Erwin Binner Prof. Dr. Mehmet Borat Prof. Dr. Alessandra Carucci Prof. Dr. Raffaello Cossu Prof. Dr. Luis F. Diaz Prof. Dr. Ayen Erdinler Prof. Dr. Aye Filibeli Prof. Dr. Evangelos Gidarakos Prof. Dr. M. Talha Gnll Prof. Dr. Jaehyuk Hyun Prof. Dr. Somjai Karnchanawong Prof. Dr. Gabriel R. Kassenga Prof. Dr. Blent Keskinler Prof. Dr. Gnay Kocasoy Prof. Dr. Peter Lechner Prof. Dr. Piet N.L. Lens Prof. Dr. Pier Paolo Manca Prof. Dr. zzet ztrk Prof. Dr. Lucjan Pawlowski Prof. Dr. Raffaella Pomi Sapienza Prof. Dr. Marco Ritzkowski Prof. Dr. Ahmet Mete Saati Prof. Dr. Takayuki Shimaoka Prof. Dr. Edward Stentiford Prof. Dr. Ycel Tademir Prof. Dr. Blent Topkaya Prof. Dr. smail Toroz Prof. Dr. Timothy G. Townsend Prof. Dr. Kahraman nl Prof. Dr. Samuel T.S. Yuen Organizing Committee M. Sinan Bilgili Eyp Debik enol Yldz Yaar Avar Kamil B. Varnca Gamze Varank Minister of Forest and Water Affairs, Turkey Minister of Environment and Urbanization, Turkey Member of the 22th Legislative Term of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, General Secretary of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Turkey Member of the 23th Legislative Term of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey Undersecretary of the Ministry of Forest and Water Affairs, Turkey Deputy Undersecretary of the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Turkey Rector of Yldz Technical University, Turkey Ministry of Forest and Water Affairs, General Manager of the Water Management Division General Director of Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration ISKI, Turkey Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, General Manager of Environmental Management Division, Turkey Dean of Civil Engineering Faculty, Yildiz Technical University Head of Environmental Engineering Department, Yildiz Technical University Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Directorate of Istanbul City, Turkey The University of Milan, Italy Selcuk University, Turkey CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria Fatih University, Turkey The University of Cagliari, Italy University of Padoa, Italy CalRecovery, Inc., USA Bogazici University, Turkey Dokuz Eyll University, Turkey Technical University of Crete, Greece Yildiz Technical University, Turkey Chungnam National University, Korea Chiang Mai University, Thailand Ardhi University, Tanzania Gebze Institute of Technology, Turkey Bogazici University, Turkey University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria UNESCO-IHE Institute For Water Education, Netherlands The University of Cagliari, Italy Istanbul Technical University, Turkey Lublin University of Technology, Poland University of Rome, Italy Technical University of Hamburg, Germany Marmara University, Turkey Kyushu University, Japan The University of Leeds, United Kingdom Uludag University, Turkey Akdeniz University, Turkey Istanbul Technical University, Turkey University of Florida, USA Middle East Technical University, Turkey University of Melbourne, Australia Yildiz Technical University Yildiz Technical University ISTAC J.S.Co. Yildiz Technical University Yildiz Technical University Yildiz Technical University

EURASIA WASTE MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM

14 - 16 NOVEMBER 2011 HAL CONGRESS CENTER ISTANBUL / TURKEY

Organized By Sponsored By

Media Sponsor Official Travel Agency

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Preface
PREFACE
On behalf of the organizing committee, I would like to welcome to all participants and speakers to t he EurAsia Waste Management Symposium (EWMS) 2011. This Symposium is organized by Environmental Engineering Department of Yildiz Technical University. Environmental Engineering Department of Yildiz Technical University organizes conferences biennially since 2007. The first two conferences were organized as National Symposiums with the name Waste Management in Turkey Symposium (TURKAY) in 2007 and 2009, respectively. The Symposium is organized as an international Symposium in 2011 which is th the 100 anniversary of the establishment of Yildiz Technical University. EurAsia Waste Management Symposium will provide a comprehensive overview of effective waste management strategies ac ross the Asian and the European regions. Also, the symposium will provide the opportunity to discuss and evaluate the current and future regional waste management strat egies and recycling projects. All parties of waste management such as universities, industrial organizations, public institutions and organizations, local governments and legislators are welcome to attend t o the symposium in order to share their experiences and to bring a common body of knowledge for the solution of the waste management problems in the region. The topics of the symposium will include almost all areas of waste management including legislation, collection, transport, treatment, recycle and reuse options for municipal, hazardous, medic al, and other waste t ypes. We received around 210 abstracts from more t han 30 count ries and 134 of them were accepted as oral and poster presentations after a review process by the scientific committee. Now, we have 5 keynote speakers, 74 oral presentations and 60 poster presentations. It is my pleasure to thank to s upporting organizations, Ministry of Forest and Water A ffairs, Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Istanbul Wat er and Sewerage Administration (ISK I), IS TAC J.S. Co., Istanbul Special Provincial Administration, International Waste Working Group (IWWG) and ISWA-Turkey (Turkish National Committee on Solid Waste). We have also 10 sponsor companies and I would like to thank to all sponsor companies attended to the Symposium. I would like t o thank to all scientific committee members for their contribution during reviewing process of the papers. I would also like to respectfully commemorate Prof. Dr. Ferruh ERTURK, Head of the Environmental Engineering Department, who died during the course of the Symposium. Finally, I would like to thank to all organizing committee members of EurAsia Waste Management Symposium who made this Symposium successful. I wish all participants to have a wonderful time in Istanbul and hope to s ee you again in Waste Management Symposium -2013. Sincerely, Assoc. Prof. Dr. M. Sinan Bilgili Organizing Committee Chair Yildiz Technical University

14.11.2011 MONDAY SADABAD HALL Opening Program 08:30 Registration

Opening Ceramony 09:30 Prof. Dr. Hayrullah Aacolu Dean of Civil Engineering Faculty Prof. Dr. smail Yksek Rector of Yldz Technical University Opening Speeches

09:40

09:50

10:30

Coffee Break

Opening Panel : Waste management Legislations in Turkey and Europe 10:40 Waste Management in Istanbul Dr. Cevat Yaman, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Future Trends in Waste Management Strategies in Istanbul Dr. Senol Yildiz, ISTAC J.S.Co. Development of Waste Management Legislations in Turkey Dr. Mahir Erdem, The Ministry of Environment and Urbanization Lunch EYP HALL Session 1 : Biological Methods for Waste Disposal Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Thomas H. Christensen, Denmark 14:00 Optimizing Farmyard Manure for Improved Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Enhanced Phenology in Wheat under a Range of Ploughing Intensity A. Khan, S. Zaheer Composting of Cattle Manure: Effects of Pre-Dewatering M.S. Binici, E. Mehmetli, C. Tosun, A. Baban, B. Calli Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Compost, Tea Compost and Rock Phosphate on P Content, Yield and Yield Components of Sweet Corn and P & pH of Soil H.R. Doroudian, A. Alahverdi Management of Anaerobic Digestates by Co-composting with Different Bulking Agents M.A. Bustamante, R. Moral, F. Sol-Mauri, A. Bonmat, J.A. Solans, M.P Bernal Stabilization of Cattle Manure with Anaerobic Digestion Process: A Pilot Scale Study T. Coskun, N. Manav Demir, E. Debik Coffee Break 14:40 Session 1 : Hazardous Waste Management Session Chair: Prof. Dr. M. Talha Gonullu, Turkey FENER HALL

11:20

12:00 12:40

14:00

14:20

Keynote Lecture: The Role of Risk Assessment in the Management of Hazardous, Industrial, and Special Wastes Timothy G. Townsend

14:40

Hazardous Waste Generation from Household Appliances Industry in Turkey B. Yazici, B. Calli, B. Mertoglu, Z.S. Can, O. Gokyay, D. Akgul, U. Yetis Kinetics of Heavy Metals Leaching From Contaminated Soils in Metallurgical Plants P. Desogus, P.P. Manca, G. Orr Effect on Behavior of Settling Velocity by Addition of Coagulants and Flocculants in Wastewater from Barite Processing Plant V. Deniz Coffee Break

15:00

15:00

15:20 15:40

15:20 15:40

Session 2 : Waste Management Legislations Session Chair: Dr. Senol Yildiz, Turkey

Session 2 : Landfilling Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Timothy G. Townsend, U.S.A. 15:50 Municipal Solid Waste Disposal in Russian Federation: Ways for More Intense Use of Landfills Sites N. Sliusar, V. Korotaev Approaches on the Prevention of Environmental Damages by Means of Plantng Around Solid Waste Landfill Areas U. Cosgun Reclamation of Dumpsite Towards Controlled Landfill Cell A Pilot Project at Cikundul Dumpsites in Sukabumi City S. Darwati, L. Meilany Spontaneous Combustion Fires in MSW Landfills: Energy Consideration S. Moqbel , D. Reinhart , R.-H. Chen

15:50

Keynote Lecture: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Modeling of Alternative Waste Management Scenarios T.H. Christensen, J. Clavreul, J. Mller

16:10

16:30

Evaluation of Solid Waste Management Alternatives Using Life Cycle Assessment As A Tool S. Cil, M.O. Polat, N. Bektas Financial Model Proposal Based on Household Income for Municipal Solid Waste Management M.C. Erturk, E. Gorgun, E. Citil

16:30

16:50

16:50

15.11.2011 TUESDAY EYP HALL

09:00 - 17:00 POSTER PRESENTATIONS

FENER HALL

Session 3 : Landfilling Session Chair: Asooc. Prof. Dr. Osman A. Arikan, Turkey

Session 3 : Sludge Treatment and Disposal Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Izzet Ozturk, Turkey 09:00 Electroosmotic Dewatering of Red Mud M. Cigagna, B. Grosso, C. Levanti Experimental Analysis of Civil Sewage Sludge Recovery: the Co-Composting with OFMSW as Possible Solution F. Di Maria, G. Gigliotti, G. Cirulli The Usage of Sewage Sludge in Cement Kiln as Supplementary Fuel M.Kara, Y.Tabak, S.Yildiz, V. Enc, A.Kemirtlek Heavy Metals Released from Sewage Sludge Using Chemical Methods F.H. Ibrahim Coffee Break

09:00

Keynote Lecture:Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Project Activity in Landfill Sites of Developing Countries J.-H. Hyun

09:20

09:40

Sampling Frequency and Remedial Action Delay of Groundwater Contamination from Landfill Facilities E.K. Paleologos, K Papapetridis Landfills Assessments by Qualitative Reasoning Using Equationless Knowledge M. Reznakova, M. Dohnal, E. Vodickova Coffee Break

09:40

10:00 10:20

10:00 10:20

Session 4 : Solid Waste Collection and Transport Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Raffaella Pomi, Italy 10:30 Cost-Gain Model in Municipal Solid Waste Management -Example of Istanbul A.E. Yildirim, S. Yildiz, V. Enc Household Solid Waste Management and Characterization in Tetouan City, Morocco Y. El Belhouan, M. Stitou Evaluating Peoples Attitude and Participation in Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Comparative Study in India and Qatar S. Khan, M.N .Faisal, I.H.Farooqi Determination of Household Packaging Waste Amounts in Istanbul S. Yildiz, V. Enc, S.E. Uzun, K. Dogan Cultural Tour + Lunch (Miniaturk Turkey Park)

Session 4 : Thermal Technologies for Waste Disposal Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Maria Pilar Bernal, Spain 10:30 HeidelbergCement-Akcansa: Advanced Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste and Sewage Sludge in Marmara Region J. Theulen, E. Hepvar Thermal Decomposition of Coal for Sustainable Use: A Case Study of Pakistani Lignite J. Nisar Modelling of a Downdraft Gasifier Fed by Agricultural Residues I.-S. Antonopoulos, A. Gkouletsos A. Karagiannidis, G. Perkoulidis On the Application of MSWI Bottom Ash as Aggregate-Replacement in Concrete Mixes M.V.A. Florea, A.Keulen, H.J.H. Brouwers

10:50

10:50

11:10

11:10

11:30

11:30

11:50

Session 5 : Biological Methods for Waste Disposal Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Mehmet Borat, Turkey 15:00 R&D Studies of Biogas Production via Different Organic Wastes K.S. Yigit, M. Gunduz, G. Serit, M. Farah, M. Sarac Preliminary Studies on H2 Production from Dark Fermentation of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Wastes E. Massi, C. Alisi, R. Ciccoli, G. De Gioannis, G. Giordano, I. Lepri, G. Migliore, A. Moreno, A. Polettini, R. Pomi, A. Sprocati Gasification of Primary Fine-Screened Solids for Energy Production P. Gikas, S.A. Noll, K. Stedman The Business Economics of the Composting Process in the Removal of Waste; As the Sample Istanbul Recycle and Composting Plant C. Yaman, A. Gunay, Y. Bayer Methanogenesis of Agro-Industrial Waste for Bioenergy Production R. Tabassum Coffee Break

Session 5 : Industrial Waste Management Session Chair: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Cakmakci, Turkey

15:00

Keynote Lecture: Industrial Waste Management: Controversial Issues E. Gidarakos

15:20

15:40

15:40

European Research on Waste Technologies - an Analysis of FP7-Funded Topics, Projects and Networks on Life-Cycle Thinking, Reuse and Recycling A. Martinuzzi, F. Montevecchi Characterization of Gas Distribution Companies Waste and Presenting Managing Strategies: A Case Study in East Azerbaijan Gas Company, Iran H. Taghipour, M. Assadi, F. Khodaei, B. Mardangahi, M. Mosaferi, A. Asl Hashemi The Importance of Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Management for Ecosystem Protection N. Cosgun Coffee Break

16:00

16:00

16:20 16:40

16:20 16:40

Session 6 : Landfilling Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Lucjan Pawlowski, Poland 16:50 Slurry TiO2 Photocatalytic Reactors Suitable for Leachate Treatments M. Dohnal, E. Vodickova, M. Reznakova Al Ghabawi Landfill Leachate Treatment by Fenton Oxidation F.A.F. Al-Hadidi, B.M. Al Smadi Estimation of Landfill Biogas Generation at Sanitary Landfills in Istanbul O.A. Arikan, M. Altinbas, O. Sevimoglu, I. Sel, I. Ozturk Energy Recovery from Landfill Biogas: The Effect of Micro-pollutant on an Existing Plant F. Di Maria Determination and Modelling COD Fractions of Leachate from Aerobic and Anaerobic Field Scale Landfill Reactors E. Sekman, S. Top, G. Varank, M.S. Bilgili, A. Demir

Session 6 : Industrial Waste Management Session Chair: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yasar Avsar, Turkey 16:50 Recycling of Industrial Waste in the Manufacture of Economical and Quality Construction Blocks M.U. Khan, M. Ahmed, K. Nazim, S.S. Shaukat Waste Reception from Ships, Treatment and Recovery of the Wastes: Istanbul Model C. Yaman, B. Taskinoglu, Y. Isik, E. Fakihoglu, I. Tanugur Implementation of New Environmental Technology for Oil Industry, Kuov Region, Albania B. Urbanek, E. Vodickova, V. Valko Lead Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption onto Activated Carbons E.Kayman, A.Ozyuguran, A.E.Mericboyu Solidification/Stabilization of Electric Arc Furnace Waste Using Steel Slag and Portland Cement B. Cubukcuoglu, S.K. Ouki

17:10

17:10

17:30

17:30

17:50

17:50

18:10

18:10

16.11.2011 WEDNESDAY EYP HALL Session 7: Industrial Waste Management Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Ismail Toroz, Turkey Session 7 : Hospital Waste Management Session Chair: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bestamin Ozkaya, Turkey 09:00 An Analytic Network Process Approach for the Selection of Waste Management Contractors in Hamad Medical Corporation M.N. Faisal Sustainable Medical Waste Management in Sakarya, Turkey A. Celebi, A.S. Erses Yay Lebanese Sterilization Network of Potentially Infectious Health Care Waste: Creation and Management System D. Salameh, O. Maamari, D. Obeid, R. Lteif, F. Moujaes, M. Asmar Dont Mess Plastic Caps with the Household Waste S. Unver, M. Altinay, G. Emir Coffee Break FENER HALL

09:00

Keynote Lecture: A Role of Cement Industry in Sustainable Utilization of Municipal Solid Wastes L. Pawlowski

09:20

09:40

Investigation on the Possibilities for Recycling Construction and Demolition Waste in to Building Materials in Tanzania M.M. Sabai, M.V.A. Florea, R.R. Mato, H.J.H. Brouwers, E.L.C. Egmond, J.J.N Lichtenberg Effect of Industrial Waste on Early Growth and Phytoremediation Potential of Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh K. Nazim, M. Ahmed, M.U. Khan, S.S. Shaukat Coffee Break

09:40

10:00 10:20

10:00 10:20

Session 8 : Waste Management Legislations Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Bulent Topkaya, Turkey 10:30 Presentation to Waste Management Legislation in Urban of Uganda T.D. Kasiiba , S.A. Abdulah Waste Water Management Master Plan for the Megacity of Dhaka: Approach and Challenges M.M. Hossain, S.M.M. Rahman, I.A. Taher Waste Minimisation and the Challenges Experienced in South Africa E. Prosper Electrical and Electronic Waste (E-Waste) Management in Turkey S. Sayar, G. Borucu, A.S. Erses Yay Lunch

Session 8 : Hazardous Waste Management Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Jaehyuk Hyun, Korea 10:30 Hazardous Waste Temporary Storage Facility Design and Operations in Turkey C. Avci, T. Yuksel, E.A. Berkay Urtkin Investigation of Hazardous Waste Generation By Turkish Automotive Industry B. Yazici, Z.S. Can, O. Gokyay, B. Calli, B. Mertoglu, D. Akgul, U. Yetis Screening of Boron Tolerant Bacteria Isolated fom Fly Ash Dumping Site for Boron Remediation E.R. Chellaiah, K. Omine Recycling of NiCd Batteries by Hydrometallurgical Process on Small Scale T.I. Qureshi Lunch

10:50

10:50

11:10

11:10

11:30 11:50

11:30 11:50

Session 9 : Industrial Waste Management Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Yasar Nuhoglu, Turkey 14:00 Removal of Pesticide by Activated Carbon J. Gulen, C. Cesmeli Kinetics of Reactive Dyes Adsorption on the Waste Ashes from City Heating Station M. Smelcerovic, N. Djordjevic, D. Stojkovic, D. Djordjevic Electrochemical Treatment of Textile Dyeing Wastewater with Procion Red MX-5B Reactive Dye using Pt/Ir Electrodes S. Alaca, B.K. Korbahti Studies on Treatment of Phenolic Wastewater Using Biological and Irradiation Techniques S. Cheela, G. Swaminathan Effect of Sonication on Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation of Orange II M. Dukkanci, G. Gunduz, E. Bolova Coffee Break

Session 9 : Industrial Waste Management Session Chair: Prof. Dr. Evangelos Gidarakos, Greece 14:00 The Role of Magnetite and Magnetite/Bentonite Composites for Adsorption of Pb+2 in Wastewater C. Poyraz, E. Atalay, Y. Kalpakli, I. Salt Treatment for Removal of Sulfate from Gypsum Contaminated Wastes P Kijjanapanich, A.P. Annachhatre , P.N. L. Lens Management and Issues of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment in Korea Y.C. Jang, M. Kim Use of Okra Waste to Remove Arsenic from Industrial Wastewater: An Environmental Friendly Remediation Technology S. Memon, M.I. Khaskheli, M.Y. Khuhawar Combining Easy-Care and Flame Retardant Finishing for Cotton F. Uddin Coffee Break

14:20

14:20

14:40

14:40

15:00

15:00

15:20 15:40

15:20 15:40 SADABAD HALL

16:00 16:30 18:00

Final Decleration Issuing Certificates Gala Dinner (Yildiz Hisar Restaurant)

POSTER PRESENTATIONS (FOYER AREA) Solidification/Stabilization of Treatment Sludge Contains Heavy Metals K.B. Varinca, M.T. Gonullu Combined Effect of Water Contamination with Cobalt and Nickel on Metabolism of Albino (Wistar) Rats Z. Kechrid , F. Dahdouh SOS Chromotest Methodology and CIF Values for the Golden Horn E. Kocak, M.T. Gonullu The Use of Solar Energy in a Low-Cost Drying System for Solid Waste Management: Concept, Design and Performance Analysis M.A. Tony, A.M. Tayeb E-Waste Management Challenges in Iran and Presenting Some Strategies for Improving of Current Condition H. Taghipour, P. Norouz, J. Nazari, A. Asl Hashemi, M. Mosaferi Investigation of the Gaseous Products from Pyrolysis of Agricultural Waste Biomass Species H. Haykiri-Acma, F. Cakroglu, S. Yaman Solidification/Stabilization of Drinking Water Treatment Plant Which Contains Arsenic Milena Dalmacija , Boo Dalmacija, Dejan Krmar, Milena Beeli-Tomin, Sofija Poguberovi, Jasmina Agbaba Operational Parameters Effects on the Treatment of an Oily Wastewater by Electrochemical Process K. Bensadok, N. Gousmi, N. El-Hanafi Optimization of Model Parameters of Methane Emission at Istanbul Odayeri Landfill by Genetic Algorithm H.K. Ozcan, N. Balkaya, E. Bilgili, O.N. Ucan, C. Bayat Recovery of Nickel from NiO/Al2O3 Reforming Catalyst S. Djerad, N. Habbache, L. Tifouti The Situation of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: A General Evaluation E. Elmaslar Ozbas, A. Ongen, A. H. Dokmeci Spectrophotometric Determination of Astrazon RED GTLN in Water and Filament Sample After Seperation and Preconcentration Via Cloud Point Extraction Method A.T. Bisgin, I. Narin, M. Uan Removal of Pestiside by Perlite J. Gulen, O. Deler Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Cd(II) Ions Sorption on Mixed Sorbents Prepared from Olive Stone and Date Pit from Aqueous Solution K. Louhab, N. Babakhoya, H. Aksas Life Cycle Assessment As A Solution For Sustainable Environmental Algeria S. Tireche, A. Tairii Municipal Solid Wastes and Groundwater Pollution S. Ocak, S. Orcen Microbial Decolorization of Commonly Used Azo Dyes in Textile Industry M. Arshad, M. Imran, R. Waqas, A. Khalid Usage of CMC Based Semi-IPN Hydrogels for Removal of Basic Dyes from Wastewater A. Bal, B. Ozkahraman, I. Acar, S. Emik Waste Sludge Disposal B. Guler, M.S. Guney Experimental Analysis of Civil Sewage Sludge Recovery: The Co-Composting with OFMSW As Possible Solution F. Di Maria, G. Gigliotti, G. Cirulli Waste Plastic Degradation By Chemical Recycling Method A. Koc, D.P. Cogur , E. Kasimoglu

P1

P31

P2

P32

P3

P33

P4

P34

P5

P35

P6

P36

P7

P37

Hydrogeological Monitoring of the Prague Dablice Landfill E. Vodickova, J. Stefecka, T. Sverak Fouling of Ion Exchange Membranes in Electrodialysis Process for Recovery of Leachate Compounds S. Yazici, F. Ilhan, H. Sari, Y. Aydin, K. Ulucan, U. Kurt Characterization for Proper Management of Used Automotive Oils V. Pelitli, O. Dogan, E. Erpek, H.J. Koroglu Recyclable Solid Waste Characterization and Recycling Studies for the Campuses of A University O. Apaydin, M.T. Gonullu Treatment of Bilge Water by Electrocoagulation/Electroflotation Process:Optimization with Response Surface Method K.Ulucan, F.Ilhan, S.Cikaranoglu, S. Yazici, H.Sari, U.Kurt Landfill Leachate Treatment By Hydrodynamic Cavitation and Ozone M. Korniluk, J. Ozonek Removal of Cu(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Crosslinked Polymers Z. Boyunegmez, S. Kaya, F. Tumsek, M. Solener Elimination of Copper Ions from Wastewater by Modified Orange Peels: Equilibrium and Adsorption Isotherms A. Khalfaoui, A.H. Meniai Bioremediation of 2, 4, 6 Trinitrotoluene Contaminated Soil Using In Vessel Composting Method B. Gumuscu, T. Tekinay, D. Cekmecelioglu Survey on Energy Recovery Potential of Municipal Solid Waste in Northwest of Iran A. Mohammadi, M.M. Amin, A. Ebrahimi Performance Comparison of the Microwave Oven and Conventional Electrical Furnace in the Weight Reduction and Final Stabilization of the South Isfahan Wastewater Treatment Plant's Sludges A. Ebrahimi, M.M. Amin, A.M, H.M. Attar Municipal Solid Waste Landfill and VOCs S. Ocak Refractory Fractions Contrary to Oxidative Degradation in Textile Wastewater U. Kurt, C. Dogan Waste Management in Public Hospitals in Romania C.F. Buicu Research on the Knowledge, Attitude and Behavioral Levels of Healthcare Institutions in the Province of Trabzon Related With Medical Waste Bags and Cups O. Ucuncu, S. Doruk In the Process of Harmonization to the EU, Packaging and Packaging Waste Management Regulation in Turkey and Its Application in Municipalities, The Case of the City of Trabzon S. Doruk, O. Ucuncu Training of Hospital Staff on Hospital Waste Management (HWM) Practices and Challenges in Implementing (HWM) in 10 Public and Private Sector Hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan R. Kumar, E.A. Khan, J. Ahmed, M. Magan Using Wet Air Oxidation/GAC Adsorption Coupled Process for Leachate Treatment B. Karimi, M. H. Ehramposh, M. Mokhtari, A. Ebrahimi Resource Recovery from Used Tires in Greece: A Field Survey, State-of-Art and Trends, Focusing on Sensitivity Analysis T. Kasampalis, A. Karagiannidis, I.-S. Antonopoulos Application of Ion Exchange Substrate for Stabilization of Recultivated Layers of Dumping Sites M. Chomczynska Removal of Basic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions Using Depolymerization Intermediates of Waste PET as Alternative Adsorbent A. Bal, I. Acar, G.Guclu The Effects of Cheese Whey on Kura River, Ardahan F. Yangilar, S. Seker The Usage of Cereal Waste Products for Bleaching of Oil S. Yucel, D. Ozcimen, P. Terzioglu Solid Waste Disposal Strategy A. Gunay, T. Yaman, Y. Caglar, Y. Koc

P8

P38

P9

P39

P10

P40

P11

P41

P12

P42

P13

P43

P14

P44

P15

P45

P16

Adsorption Kinetics of Lead Ions onto Activated Carbons S.Mutlu, A.Ozyuguran, A.Ersoy Mericboyu

P46

P17

Sensibility of Bio-methane Production to Kinetics Parameters Constants in Co-digestion Process K. Derbal, R. Hariche, M. Bencheikh-lehocine, A.H. Meniai Effects of Heavy Metal Phytoextraction Amendments on Feacal Coliform Inactivation in Sewage Sludge G. Dede, S. Ozdemir, I. Yildirim Purification of Waste Frying Oil For Biodiesel Production S. Yucel, D. Ozcimen, P. Terzioglu, C. Kesgin The Potential and Usage Areas of Agricultural Grain Wastes of Turkey S. Yucel, D. Ozcimen, P. Terzioglu Think..... Before Using It !!! S. Unver, F. Vardar, G. Emir

P47

P18

P48

P19 P20

P49 P50

P21

P51

P22

Fly Ashes: Can They Be Reused? E. Marras, B. Grosso

P52

P23

Assimilation of Oxygen and Production of Carbon Dioxide in Aerobic Landfill R. Slezak, L. Krzystek, S. Ledakowicz Educational Status and Disposal of Plastic Wastes R. Ponnusamy, S. Arumugam Determination of Landfill Gas Production in Hamitler Landfill of Bursa City in Turkey K.B. Varinca, M.T. Gonullu A New Model in the Medical Waste Management K.B. Varinca, C. Esmen, Y. Avsar Variability of Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Co-Digestion Process of Sewage Sludge and Landfill Leachate M. Lebiocka, A. Montusiewicz, M. Pawlowska Kinetic Modelling of Degradation of Contaminants in Landfill Leachate G. Varank, S. Top, E. Sekman, M.S. Bilgili. A. Demir Removal of Methane and Selected NMOCs from Landfill Gas Field Studies M. Pawlowska, M. Lebiocka, A. Montusiewicz Al Ghabawi Landfill Leachate Treatment By Plain Coagulation F.A.F. Al-Hadidi, B.M. Al Smadi

P53

P24

P54

P25

P55

P26

P56

P27

P57

P28

P58

P29 P30

P59 P60

INDEX
Page 1-40 2-8 9-18 19-25 26-33 34-40

Session 1-a : Biological Methods for Waste Disposal

Optimizing Farmyard Manure for Improved Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Enhanced Phenology in Wheat under a Range of Ploughing Intensity A. Khan, S. Zaheer Composting of Cattle Manure: Effects of Pre-Dewatering M.S. Binici, E. Mehmetli, C. Tosun, A. Baban, B. Calli Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Compost, Tea Compost and Rock Phosphate on P Content, Yield and Yield Components of Sweet Corn and P & pH of Soil H.R. Doroudian, A. Alahverdi Management of Anaerobic Digestates by Co-composting with Different Bulking Agents M.A. Bustamante, R. Moral, F. Sol-Mauri, A. Bonmat, J.A. Solans, M.P Bernal Stabilization of Cattle Manure with Anaerobic Digestion Process: A Pilot Scale Study T. Coskun, N. Manav Demir, E. Debik

41-77 42-50 51-56 57-68 69-77

Session 1-b : Hazardous Waste Management

Keynote Lecture: The Role of Risk Assessment in the Management of Hazardous, Industrial, and Special Wastes T. G. Townsend Hazardous Waste Generation from Household Appliances Industry in Turkey B. Yazici, B. Calli, B. Mertoglu, Z.S. Can, O. Gokyay, D. Akgul, U. Yetis Kinetics of Heavy Metals Leaching from Contaminated Soils in Metallurgical Plants P. Desogus, P.P. Manca, G. Orr Effect on Behavior of Settling Velocity by Addition of Coagulants and Flocculants in Wastewater from Barite Processing Plant V. Deniz

79-97 78-84 85-89 90-97

Session 2-a : Waste Management Legislations

Keynote Lecture: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Modeling of Alternative Waste Management Scenarios T.H. Christensen, J. Clavreul, J. Mller Evaluation of Solid Waste Management Alternatives Using Life Cycle Assessment As A Tool S. Cil, M.O. Polat, N. Bektas Financial Model Proposal Based on Household Income for Municipal Solid Waste Management M.C. Erturk, E. Gorgun, E. Citil

98-131 99-106 107-114 115-120 121-131

Session 2-b : Landfilling

Municipal Solid Waste Disposal in Russian Federation: Ways for More Intense Use of Landfills Sites N. Sliusar, V. Korotaev Approaches on the Prevention of Environmental Damages by Means of Plantng Around Solid Waste Landfill Areas U. Cosgun Reclamation of Dumpsite Towards Controlled Landfill Cell A Pilot Project at Cikundul Dumpsites in Sukabumi City S. Darwati, L. Meilany Spontaneous Combustion Fires in MSW Landfills: Energy Consideration S. Moqbel , D. Reinhart , R.-H. Chen

132-154 133-138 139-146 147-154

Session 3-a : Landfilling

Keynote Lecture:Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Project Activity in Landfill Sites of Developing Countries J.-H. Hyun Sampling Frequency and Remedial Action Delay of Groundwater Contamination from Landfill Facilities E.K. Paleologos, K Papapetridis Landfills Assessments by Qualitative Reasoning Using Equationless Knowledge M. Reznakova, M. Dohnal, E. Vodickova

155-183 156-163 164-170 171-178 179-183

Session 3-b : Sludge Treatment and Disposal

Electroosmotic Dewatering of Red Mud M. Cigagna, B. Grosso, C. Levanti Experimental Analysis of Civil Sewage Sludge Recovery: the Co-Composting with OFMSW as Possible Solution F. Di Maria, G. Gigliotti, G. Cirulli The Usage of Sewage Sludge in Cement Kiln as Supplementary Fuel M.Kara, Y.Tabak, S.Yildiz, V. Enc, A.Kemirtlek Heavy Metals Released from Sewage Sludge Using Chemical Methods F.H. Ibrahim

INDEX
Page 184-227 185-199 200-206 207-218 219-227

Session 4-a : Solid Waste Collection and Transport

Cost-Gain Model in Municipal Solid Waste Management -Example of Istanbul A.E. Yildirim, S. Yildiz, V. Enc Household Solid Waste Management and Characterization in Tetouan City, Morocco Y. El Belhouan, M. Stitou Evaluating Peoples Attitude and Participation in Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Comparative Study in India and Qatar S. Khan, M.N .Faisal, I.H.Farooqi Determination of Household Packaging Waste Amounts in Istanbul S. Yildiz, V. Enc, S.E. Uzun, K. Dogan

228-259 229-235 236-240 241-252 253-259

Session 4-b : Thermal Technologies for Waste Disposal

HeidelbergCement-Akcansa: Advanced Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste and Sewage Sludge in Marmara Region J. Theulen, E. Hepvar Thermal Decomposition of Coal for Sustainable Use: A Case Study of Pakistani Lignite J. Nisar Modelling of a Downdraft Gasifier Fed by Agricultural Residues I.-S. Antonopoulos, A. Gkouletsos A. Karagiannidis, G. Perkoulidis On the Application of MSWI Bottom Ash as Aggregate-Replacement in Concrete Mixes M.V.A. Florea, A.Keulen, H.J.H. Brouwers

260-269 261-267 268-276 277-283 284-288 289-296

Session 5-a : Biological Methods for Waste Disposal

R&D Studies of Biogas Production via Different Organic Wastes K.S. Yigit, M. Gunduz, G. Serit, M. Farah, M. Sarac Preliminary Studies on H2 Production from Dark Fermentation of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Wastes E. Massi, C. Alisi, R. Ciccoli, G. De Gioannis, G. Giordano, I. Lepri, G. Migliore, A. Moreno, A. Polettini, R. Pomi, A. Sprocati Gasification of Primary Fine-Screened Solids for Energy Production P. Gikas, S.A. Noll, K. Stedman The Business Economics of the Composting Process in the Removal of Waste; As the Sample Istanbul Recycle and Composting Plant C. Yaman, A. Gunay, Y. Bayer Methanogenesis of Agro-Industrial Waste for Bioenergy Production R. Tabassum

297-324 298-300 301-311 312-317 317-324

Session 5-b : Industrial Waste Management

Keynote Lecture: Industrial Waste Management: Controversial Issues E. Gidarakos European Research on Waste Technologies - an Analysis of FP7-Funded Topics, Projects and Networks on Life-Cycle Thinking, Reuse and Recycling A. Martinuzzi, F. Montevecchi Characterization of Gas Distribution Companies Waste and Presenting Managing Strategies: A Case Study in East Azerbaijan Gas Company, Iran H. Taghipour, M. Assadi, F. Khodaei, B. Mardangahi, M. Mosaferi, A. Asl Hashemi The Importance of Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Management for Ecosystem Protection N. Cosgun

325-370 326-331 332-350 351-357 358-364 365-370

Session 6-a : Landfilling

Slurry TiO2 Photocatalytic Reactors Suitable for Leachate Treatments M. Dohnal, E. Vodickova, M. Reznakova Al Ghabawi Landfill Leachate Treatment by Fenton Oxidation F.A.F. Al-Hadidi, B.M. Al Smadi Estimation of Landfill Biogas Generation at Sanitary Landfills in Istanbul O.A. Arikan, M. Altinbas, O. Sevimoglu, I. Sel, I. Ozturk Energy Recovery from Landfill Biogas: The Effect of Micro-pollutant on an Existing Plant F. Di Maria Determination and Modelling COD Fractions of Leachate from Aerobic and Anaerobic Field Scale Landfill Reactors E. Sekman, S. Top, G. Varank, M.S. Bilgili, A. Demir

371-409 372-378 379-387 388-393 394-399 400-409

Session 6-b : Industrial Waste Management

Recycling of Industrial Waste in the Manufacture of Economical and Quality Construction Blocks M.U. Khan, M. Ahmed, K. Nazim, S.S. Shaukat Waste Reception from Ships, Treatment and Recovery of the Wastes: Istanbul Model C. Yaman, B. Taskinoglu, Y. Isik, E. Fakihoglu, I. Tanugur Implementation of New Environmental Technology for Oil Industry, Kuov Region, Albania B. Urbanek, E. Vodickova, V. Valko Lead Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption onto Activated Carbons E.Kayman, A.Ozyuguran, A.E.Mericboyu Solidification/Stabilization of Electric Arc Furnace Waste Using Steel Slag and Portland Cement B. Cubukcuoglu, S.K. Ouki

INDEX
Page
410-437 411-417 418-422 423-436

Session 7-a: Industrial Waste Management

Keynote Lecture: A Role of Cement Industry in Sustainable Utilization of Municipal Solid Wastes L. Pawlowski Investigation on the Possibilities for Recycling Construction and Demolition Waste in to Building Materials in Tanzania M.M. Sabai, M.V.A. Florea, R.R. Mato, H.J.H. Brouwers, E.L.C. Egmond, J.J.N Lichtenberg Effect of Industrial Waste on Early Growth and Phytoremediation Potential of Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh K. Nazim, M. Ahmed, M.U. Khan, S.S. Shaukat

437-462 438-446 447-453 454-458 459-462

Session 7-b : Hospital Waste Management

An Analytic Network Process Approach for the Selection of Waste Management Contractors in Hamad Medical Corporation M.N. Faisal Sustainable Medical Waste Management in Sakarya, Turkey A. Celebi, A.S. Erses Yay Lebanese Sterilization Network of Potentially Infectious Health Care Waste: Creation and Management System D. Salameh, O. Maamari, D. Obeid, R. Lteif, F. Moujaes, M. Asmar Dont Mess Plastic Caps with the Household Waste S. Unver, M. Altinay, G. Emir

463-493 464-472 473-481 482-487 488-493

Session 8-a : Waste Management Legislations

Presentation to Waste Management Legislation in Urban of Uganda T.D. Kasiiba , S.A. Abdulah Waste Water Management Master Plan for the Megacity of Dhaka: Approach and Challenges M.M. Hossain, S.M.M. Rahman, I.A. Taher Waste Minimisation and the Challenges Experienced in South Africa E. Prosper Electrical and Electronic Waste (E-Waste) Management in Turkey S. Sayar, G. Borucu, A.S. Erses Yay

494-526 495-502 503-508 509-518 519-526

Session 8-b : Hazardous Waste Management

Hazardous Waste Temporary Storage Facility Design and Operations in Turkey C. Avci, T. Yuksel, E.A. Berkay Urtkin Investigation of Hazardous Waste Generation By Turkish Automotive Industry B. Yazici, Z.S. Can, O. Gokyay, B. Calli, B. Mertoglu, D. Akgul, U. Yetis Screening of Boron Tolerant Bacteria Isolated from Fly Ash Dumping Site for Boron Remediation E.R. Chellaiah, K. Omine Recycling of NiCd Batteries by Hydrometallurgical Process on Small Scale T.I. Qureshi

527-560 528-532 533-539 540-544 545-552 553-560

Session 9-a : Industrial Waste Management

Removal of Pesticide by Activated Carbon J. Gulen, C. Cesmeli Kinetics of Reactive Dyes Adsorption on the Waste Ashes from City Heating Station M. Smelcerovic, N. Djordjevic, D. Stojkovic, D. Djordje Electrochemical Treatment of Textile Dyeing Wastewater with Procion Red MX-5B Reactive Dye using Pt/Ir Electrodes S. Alaca, B.K. Korbahti Studies on Treatment of Phenolic Wastewater Using Biological and Irradiation Techniques S. Cheela, G. Swaminathan Effect of Sonication on Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation of Orange II M. Dukkanci, G. Gunduz, E. Bolova

561-600 562-571 572-579 580-585 586-595 596-600

Session 9-b : Industrial Waste Management

The Role of Magnetite and Magnetite/Bentonite Composites for Adsorption of Pb+2 in Wastewater C. Poyraz, E. Atalay, Y. Kalpakli, I. Salt Treatment for Removal of Sulfate from Gypsum Contaminated Wastes P Kijjanapanich, A.P. Annachhatre , P.N. L. Lens Management and Issues of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment in Korea Y.C. Jang, M. Kim Use of Okra Waste to Remove Arsenic from Industrial Wastewater: An Environmental Friendly Remediation Technology S. Memon, M.I. Khaskheli, M.Y. Khuhawar Combining Easy-Care and Flame Retardant Finishing for Cotton F. Uddin

INDEX
Page
603-606 607-611 612-618 619-623 624-631 632-637 638-643 644-649 650-657 658-663 664-666 667-674 675-679 680-687 688-692 693-699 700-704 705-707 708-713 714-720 721-723 724-733 734-740 741-749 750-757 758-766 767-772 773-778 779-784 785-799 800-803

POSTER PRESENTATIONS
Solidification/Stabilization of Treatment Sludge Contains Heavy Metals K.B. Varinca, M.T. Gonullu Combined Effect of Water Contamination with Cobalt and Nickel on Metabolism of Albino (Wistar) Rats Z. Kechrid , F. Dahdouh SOS Chromotest Methodology and CIF Values for the Golden Horn E. Kocak, M.T. Gonullu The Use of Solar Energy in a Low-Cost Drying System for Solid Waste Management: Concept, Design and Performance Analysis M.A. Tony, A.M. Tayeb E-Waste Management Challenges in Iran and Presenting Some Strategies for Improving of Current Condition H. Taghipour, P. Norouz, J. Nazari, A. Asl Hashemi, M. Mosaferi Investigation of the Gaseous Products from Pyrolysis of Agricultural Waste Biomass Species H. Haykiri-Acma, F. Cakroglu, S. Yaman Solidification/Stabilization of Drinking Water Treatment Plant Which Contains Arsenic Milena Dalmacija , Boo Dalmacija, Dejan Krmar, Milena Beeli-Tomin, Sofija Poguberovi, Jasmina Agbab Operational Parameters Effects on the Treatment of an Oily Wastewater by Electrochemical Process K. Bensadok, N. Gousmi, N. El-Hanafi Optimization of Model Parameters of Methane Emission at Istanbul Odayeri Landfill by Genetic Algorithm H.K. Ozcan, N. Balkaya, E. Bilgili, O.N. Ucan, C. Bayat Recovery of Nickel from NiO/Al2O3 Reforming Catalyst S. Djerad, N. Habbache, L. Tifouti The Situation of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: A General Evaluation E. Elmaslar Ozbas, A. Ongen, A. H. Dokmeci Spectrophotometric Determination of Astrazon RED GTLN in Water and Filament Sample After Seperation and Preconcentration Via Cloud Point Extraction Method A.T. Bisgin, I. Narin, M. Uan Removal of Pestiside by Perlite J. Gulen, O. Deler Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Cd(II) Ions Sorption on Mixed Sorbents Prepared from Olive Stone and Date Pit from Aqueous Solution K. Louhab, N. Babakhoya, H. Aksas Life Cycle Assessment As A Solution For Sustainable Environmental Algeria S. Tireche, A. Tairii Adsorption Kinetics of Lead Ions onto Activated Carbons S.Mutlu, A.Ozyuguran, A.Ersoy Mericboyu Sensibility of Bio-methane Production to Kinetics Parameters Constants in Co-digestion Process K. Derbal, R. Hariche, M. Bencheikh-lehocine, A.H. Meniai Effects of Heavy Metal Phytoextraction Amendments on Feacal Coliform Inactivation in Sewage Sludge G. Dede, S. Ozdemir, I. Yildirim Purification of Waste Frying Oil For Biodiesel Production S. Yucel, D. Ozcimen, P. Terzioglu, C. Kesgin The Potential and Usage Areas of Agricultural Grain Wastes of Turkey S. Yucel, D. Ozcimen, P. Terzioglu Think..... Before Using It !!! S. Unver, F. Vardar, G. Emir Fly Ashes: Can They Be Reused? E. Marras, B. Grosso Assimilation of Oxygen and Production of Carbon Dioxide in Aerobic Landfill R. Slezak, L. Krzystek, S. Ledakowicz Educational Status and Disposal of Plastic Wastes R. Ponnusamy, S. Arumugam Determination of Landfill Gas Production in Hamitler Landfill of Bursa City in Turkey K.B. Varinca, M.T. Gonullu A New Model in the Medical Waste Management K.B. Varinca, C. Esmen, Y. Avsar Variability of Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Co-Digestion Process of Sewage Sludge and Landfill Leachate M. Lebiocka, A. Montusiewicz, M. Pawlowska Kinetic Modelling of Degradation of Contaminants in Landfill Leachate G. Varank, S. Top, E. Sekman, M.S. Bilgili. A. Demir Removal of Methane and Selected NMOCs from Landfill Gas Field Studies M. Pawlowska, M. Lebiocka, A. Montusiewicz Al Ghabawi Landfill Leachate Treatment By Plain Coagulation F.A.F. Al-Hadidi, B.M. Al Smadi Municipal Solid Wastes and Groundwater Pollution S. Ocak, S. Orcen

INDEX
Page
804-811 812-819 820-824 825-831 832-839 840-846 847-853 854-857 858-863 864-872 873-878 879-883 884-889 890-894 895-901 902-906

POSTER PRESENTATIONS
Microbial Decolorization of Commonly Used Azo Dyes in Textile Industry M. Arshad, M. Imran, R. Waqas, A. Khalid Usage of CMC Based Semi-IPN Hydrogels for Removal of Basic Dyes from Wastewater A. Bal, B. Ozkahraman, I. Acar, S. Emik Waste Sludge Disposal B. Guler, M.S. Guney Experimental Analysis of Civil Sewage Sludge Recovery: The Co-Composting with OFMSW As Possible Solution F. Di Maria, G. Gigliotti, G. Cirulli Waste Plastic Degradation By Chemical Recycling Method A. Koc, D.P. Cogur , E. Kasimoglu Hydrogeological Monitoring of the Prague Dablice Landfill E. Vodickova, J. Stefecka, T. Sverak Fouling of Ion Exchange Membranes in Electrodialysis Process for Recovery of Leachate Compounds S. Yazici, F. Ilhan, H. Sari, Y. Aydin, K. Ulucan, U. Kurt Characterization for Proper Management of Used Automotive Oils V. Pelitli, O. Dogan, E. Erpek, H.J. Koroglu Recyclable Solid Waste Characterization and Recycling Studies for the Campuses of A University O. Apaydin, M.T. Gonullu Treatment of Bilge Water by Electrocoagulation/Electroflotation Process:Optimization with Response Surface Method K.Ulucan, F.Ilhan, S.Cikaranoglu, S. Yazici, H.Sari, U.Kurt Landfill Leachate Treatment By Hydrodynamic Cavitation and Ozone M. Korniluk, J. Ozonek Removal of Cu(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Crosslinked Polymers Z. Boyunegmez, S. Kaya, F. Tumsek, M. Solener Elimination of Copper Ions from Wastewater by Modified Orange Peels: Equilibrium and Adsorption Isotherms A. Khalfaoui, A.H. Meniai Bioremediation of 2, 4, 6 Trinitrotoluene Contaminated Soil Using In Vessel Composting Method B. Gumuscu, T. Tekinay, D. Cekmecelioglu Survey on Energy Recovery Potential of Municipal Solid Waste in Northwest of Iran A. Mohammadi, M.M. Amin, A. Ebrahimi Performance Comparison of the Microwave Oven and Conventional Electrical Furnace in the Weight Reduction and Final Stabilization of the South Isfahan Wastewater Treatment Plants Sludges A. Ebrahimi, M.M. Amin, A.M, H.M. Attar Municipal Solid Waste Landfill and VOCs S. Ocak Refractory Fractions Contrary to Oxidative Degradation in Textile Wastewater U. Kurt, C. Dogan Waste Management in Public Hospitals in Romania C.F. Buicu Research on the Knowledge, Attitude and Behavioral Levels of Healthcare Institutions in the Province of Trabzon Related With Medical Waste Bags and Cups O. Ucuncu, S. Doruk In the Process of Harmonization to the EU, Packaging and Packaging Waste Management Regulation in Turkey and Its Application in Municipalities, The Case of the City of Trabzon S. Doruk, O. Ucuncu Training of Hospital Staff on Hospital Waste Management (HWM) Practices and Challenges in Implementing (HWM) in 10 Public and Private Sector Hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan R. Kumar, E.A. Khan, J. Ahmed, M. Magan Using Wet Air Oxidation/GAC Adsorption Coupled Process for Leachate Treatment B. Karimi, M. H. Ehramposh, M. Mokhtari, A. Ebrahimi Resource Recovery from Used Tires in Greece: A Field Survey, State-of-Art and Trends, Focusing on Sensitivity Analysis T. Kasampalis, A. Karagiannidis, I.-S. Antonopoulos Application of Ion Exchange Substrate for Stabilization of Recultivated Layers of Dumping Sites M. Chomczynska Removal of Basic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions Using Depolymerization Intermediates of Waste PET as Alternative Adsorbent A. Bal, I. Acar, G.Guclu The Effects of Cheese Whey on Kura River, Ardahan F. Yangilar, S. Seker The Usage of Cereal Waste Products for Bleaching of Oil S. Yucel, D. Ozcimen, P. Terzioglu Solid Waste Disposal Strategy A. Gunay, T. Yaman, Y. Caglar, Y. Koc

907-910 911-917 918-926 927-934 935-941

942-949

950-961 962-972 973-978 979-984 985-989 990-994 995-999

758

A New Model in the Medical Waste Management

Kamil B. Varinca1 , Cengiz Esmen2 , Yasar Avsar3
Abstract
Increasing amount of solid wastes and as a parallel to this, increase in medical wastes, have become a serious environmental problem due to growing population and industrialization. As a result of this, collecting medical wastes separately from harmless household wastes seems to be an effective solution worth considering. As a result of overpopulation and industrialization the increase in solid wastes, and as a derivative of this, medical wastes have become a serious environmental problem. As a solution, we claim in this paper, medical wastes must be picked up separately, not together with household wastes and eliminated in the most environmentally-friendly way. In this context, in our country, medical wastes are managed according to the regulation which was published in the governments Official Bulletin # 25883 and went into effect on 07/22/2005, i.e., the Regulation of Medical Waste Management. Sterilization has become possible to accurately monitor medical waste. In addition, the system can weigh/calculate the quantity of these medical wastes, record and control them. The efficiency of the system will be measured based on the quantity of wastes picked up before and after the launch of this procedure, the change over time in the volume and quantity of wastes regularly sent to landfill after sterilization. In this study we concentrate on the New Medical Wastes Management System (Sterilization) in the Metropolis of Bursa, Turkey. Based on these observations, we display the medical wastes elimination system in Bursa as a novel and advantageous method. .Keywords: Medical waste, sterilization, waste management

1. INTRODUCTION
M edical waste can be defined as waste generated as a result of diagnosis, treatment and immunization of humans or animals [1]. Unfortunately, there is no one common specific definition of what constitutes medical waste so each facility must determine this based on applicable federal, stat e and local regulations. Definition of medical waste in Regulation for Control of M edical Waste, waste originating from the units, as listed under Groups C (infectious waste), D (pathologic waste) and E (SHARP) in ANNEX-2 in the form of infectious or pathological waste and any all sharps [2]. World Health Organization (WHO) describes medical waste as a broad range of materials, from used needles and syringes to soiled dressings, body parts, diagnostic samples, blood, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, medical devices and radioactive materials [3]. Infectious wastes contain pathogens in sufficient construction or quantity that, when exposed to it might be resulted in diseases, e.g. waste from surgeries with infectious diseases, contaminated plastic items, etc. Pathological wastes consist mainly of tissues, organs, placentas, blood, etc. (However the traditional practice is that patients remove: dispose of placentas themselves.) Sharps include needles, syringes, broken glass, blades and any other items that could cause a cut or puncture. The characteristics of waste from hospitals are almost similar in all countries except for amounts generated due to standard procedures executed in the medical field. Legislations on the safe disposal of medical wastes may vary from one country to another. In
1

Corresponding author: Yildiz Technical University Environmental Engineering Department, 34220, Esenler/stanbul kvarinca@yildiz.edu.tr Yildiz Technical University Environmental Engineering Department, 34220, Esenler/stanbul cesmen@gmail.com Yildiz Technical University Environmental Engineering Department, 34220, Esenler/stanbul yavsar@yildiz.edu.tr

2 3

759

EurAsia Waste Management Symposium, 14-16 November 2011, Hali Congress Center, stanbul/Trkiye the USA for instance, the regulated medical wastes in US include: cultures and stocks of infectious agents, human pathological wastes, human blood and blood products, used and unused sharp implements and contaminated animal wastes [3].

1.1. Medical waste management in Turkey

In health care facility, as regards medical waste as listed under Groups C, D and E in ANNEX -2; relevant medical staff, particularly doctors, nurses, midwives, dentists and laboratory technical staff shall collect such waste at source as it is being generated and accumulate the same without mixing it with other categories of waste. When collecting medical waste from health care facility, special bags used in collecting medical waste shall be red-colored plastic bags resistant to tear, puncture, burst and impact of transport; made of original medium intensity polyethylene material, with double-thread stitch in the bottom and without bellows. They should have 100 microns of double-layer thickness and at least 10 kilograms of carrying capacity; also bearing, on both sides and in easily visible size, the International Biohazard Symbol and the expression Attention M edical Waste. Health care facility shall fill bags more than capacity; strapped in the neck securely and, where necessary, each bag shall be placed in another bag with the same properties and thus a (nearly) absolutely certain state of non-leakage shall be assured. M edical waste bags (once used as such) shall not under any circumstances be recovered or reused. The contents of medical waste bags shall not be compressed in any manner whatsoever, or emptied, or transferred to another container [2]. M edical sharps wastes shall be placed, separately from other types of medical waste, inside boxes or containers made of plastic or laminated cardboard with similar properties, bearing on them the International Biohazard Symbol and the expression Attention M edical Waste; with such boxes or containers being resistant to puncture, tear, breakage, burst, also being waterproof, leak-proof and impossible to either to open or to confuse with other boxes or containers. Such waste containers shall be filled to at most capacities, then closed securely and placed in red plastic bags. Once the sharps boxes are filled, they shall not under any circumstances be opened, emptied or recovered. Once any medical waste bag and sharps box has been filled to capacities, it shall be replaced with a new one immediately. It shall be arranged for new bags and containers to be available and ready for use at the source whereby medical waste is being generated or at a place nearest to it [2].

1.2. Sterilization of infectious waste in Turkey

In Regulation for Control of M edical Waste, infectious waste along with sharps waste may be rendered harmless by applying sterilization. Waste rendered harmless thus may then be disposed of by being deposited in domestic waste storage areas. M etropolitan municipality where it exists, or else municipality, or persons or organizations duly authorized by the same shall build and operate sterilization facilities. Units themselves shall not build or operate individual sterilization facilities [2]. At the premises of sterilization facilities, there shall be storage areas refrigerated down to +4 C, where the waste can be held safely, without causing any harm to environmental or human health, before sterilization is applied to such waste material. Among the waste to be sterilized; any pathological waste or chemicals substances, particularly volatile or semi-volatile organic substances, mercury, any genotoxic/cytotoxic agents, radiological waste or any pressurized containers shall not be included [2]. It shall be mandatory to operate a waste shredder / crusher at sterilization facilities. The crusher shall be installed either at front or back end of the sterilization unit. In case the crusher is used before sterilization unit, the crusher also shall be sterilized after sterilization of waste material is completed [2].

1.3. Validity of sterilization operation

Chemical and biological indicators shall be used to test for whether the infectious waste that has been sterilized has indeed been rendered harmless. Chemical indicators shall be used in autoclave sterilization of infectious waste. Once sterilization is complete, the chemical indicator strip / holder that had been placed in the autoclave together with waste shall be checked for change of color [2]. Biological indicators; State and Territorial Association on Alternative Treatment Technologies (STAATT) met in the first STAATT meeting came up four levels of microbial inactivation and they suggested Level III, Inactivation of vegetative bacteria, fungi, lipophilic / hydrophilic viruses, parasites, mycobacteria at a 6 Log 10 reduction or greater. Inactivation of B. tearothermophilus spores and B. subtilis spores at a 4 Log 10 reduction or greater, M inistry of Environment and Urban Planning accept both Level III-IV [2-4]. Tests for sterilization validity applied by using biological indicators shall be performed on a weekly basis by examining the indicators placed in the sterilization chamber together with the waste material being sterilized on that day. Sterilized (medical) waste coming out of the sterilization process, thus having gained domestic waste characterization and the waste material is finally deposited in the waste disposal site [2].

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A New Model in the Medical Waste Managemen t K.B. Varinca, C. Esmen, Y. Avsar

2. NEW MODEL OF MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT S YS TEM IN B URSA

There are about 678 health care facilities to be collected medical waste in Bursa. (39 Health Care Institutions that Generate M edical Waste in Large Quantities, 304 Health Care Institutions that Generate M edical Waste in M edium Quantities and 335 Health Care Institutions that Generate M edical Waste in Small ). In Bursa, all health care facility have total of 6241 beds. The HCFs include hospit als, health centers and dispensaries that are either owned by the government and private proprietors. The city of Bursa also is the fourth largest cities in Turkey which population is 2.605.495 and total of generated medical waste amount 2500 ton/year in 2010 [5-6-7-8]. Before new medical waste management system, medical waste was collected as regulation accepts which medical waste was collected bags with special trucks by Bursa M etropolitan M unicipality. After collecting medical waste from health care facility, the waste was buried landfill. There were some problems collecting medical waste in healthcare facility and during to pick up process and transfer to landfill. For example, medical sharps waste shall be placed inside bag without put in containers made of plastic or laminated cardboard with similar properties, so the sharp may cut bags that are showing Fig 1 and the waste can spread or the bags can leak in side health care facility. There was also another occupational safety problem which needle can sink or sharp can cut employer who is responsible to collecting medical waste [6]. After new medical waste management system, medical wastes are collected in lockable medical waste containers which are showing Fig 2-4-5, again for the first time in Turkey and picked up by licensed vehicles and specially trained personnel from health establishments. During this pick-up process, medical waste containers are inspected for the level of radioactivity which is showing Fig 6, gauged by sensitive devices and metal control detectors [7]. Also, for the first time in Turkey, in order to eliminate potential problems during the pick-up process and to establish a clear medical waste elimination system, special software has been designed and used. M edical wastes are weighed on electronic scales with barcode-reader and then entered into a computerized database using this software; all these data are transmitted to concerned parties over the Internet. In order to pick up the wastes from their sources efficiently with minimum harm to the environment, to prevent undesirable consequences and to supervise the entire process efficiently, activities such as picking up and trans porting with containers and in-cycle monitoring are being implemented that is like Fig 7-8 [7].

Figure 1. Collection of medical wastes by bags

Figure 2. Collection of medical wastes by containers

*Not include October, November and December 2011 medical waste amount Figure 3. Amount of medical waste in Bursa [6, 7]

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Figure 4. Collection of medical wastes by bags

Figure 5. Collection of medical wastes by containers

Figure 6. Inspected for the level of radioactivity

Figure 7. Collection of medical wastes by bags

Figure 8. Weighed on electronic scales and using software

Figure 9. Disinfection of trucks

Figure 10. Bursa Medical Waste Sterilization Plant

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2.1. Facility Description

A New Model in the Medical Waste Managemen t K.B. Varinca, C. Esmen, Y. Avsar

Bursa medical waste sterilization plant in Turkey is the site of the state-of-the-art autoclave biomedical waste treatment facility. When medical waste trucks receive in plant which showing Fig 10, medical waste containers transfer to waste carts. Plant employees will transfer medical waste to the autoclave work area in waste carts. Before discharging medical waste containers into autoclave bins, the containers weighed on electronic scales and they are inspected for the level of radioactivity, gauged by sensitive devices and metal control detectors for control. Each waste cart loaded with medical waste containers are discharged into the autoclave bins. These loaded bins are transferred into the autoclave which is showing in Fig 11. Steam is generated in Boiler and it is using sterilize medical waste in autoclave unit. Fig 12 is showing steam generating unit. After sterilized medical waste, bins are sent to shredding unit which is showing in Fig 13 [7]. Trucks are sent into a special vehicle cleaning section likewise the medical waste containers are taken to another cleaning section to be disinfected with special cleaners. Fig 14 is showing cleaning section where chlorine dioxide (ClO 2) is used as a disinfectant [7].

Figure 11. Sterilization unit (autoclave)

Figure 13. Steam generation unit

Figure 12. Sterilize Medical Waste Shredding Unit

Figure 14. Medical Waste Containers Disinfection Unit

All personnel must wear Personal Protection Equipment (PPE). The PPE shall consist of the followings: impermeable gloves (all persons handling medical waste bags), heat resistant industrial grade gloves (all persons handling the autoclave bins), eye shield protection (all persons working in the autoclave processing area), clothing protection, such as aprons and long sleeves is recommended for personnel directly handling infectious waste [7]. The steam autoclave is the most popular and cost effective medical waste treatment technology. Unlike the autoclaved medical waste by product is sanitized and safe for landfill disposal. Bursa plant which is one of the best technologies in terms of productivity and management uses autoclave sterilization system in the elimination of medical wastes. In this plant, a pre-vacuum cycle removes air and then a-145 C saturated steam is introduced to the wastes. Wastes are sterilized under high pressure (3.1 bars). After exposure, the steam is vented through a condenser and the condensate is drained to the sewer. A post-vacuum is applied to remove residual steam and protect workers, at the same time drying the waste. Total process time 45 minutes; all the processes are recorded and all the parameters are monitored by chart recorder. The plant has been monitored via security cameras 24/7. To maximize landfill space, autoclaved medical waste is safely compacted to achieve 70% volume reduction after sheared medical waste (Tab 1). Bursa plant is using post shredding system which is using more than pre shredding system in around the world. A schematic diagram of the process is presented in Fig 15 [7].

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EurAsia Waste Management Symposium, 14-16 November 2011, Hali Congress Center, stanbul/Trkiye Bursa plant monitors the decontamination performance by placing Biological Indicator (Bacillus stearothermophilus spores) into the center of a challenged waste load at least once per week and chemical indicator loads every cycle. After autoclaving, the spores are incubated and monitored for microbiological growth in accordance with the manufacturers instructions (i.e. no-growth indicates the effective waste treatment has been achieved). The ampoules are inspected and signed off by the supervisor in charge before it is discarded. And also another ampoule sent to reference laboratory for inspection. Autoclave system is equipped with a programmable controller that continuously monitors temperature and pressure. Temperature and pressure sensors provide the programmable controller with continuous data reflecting the environment within the autoclave. The plant operators do not have authorized access to the programmable controller [7]. M edical waste management system in Bursa is seen a flow chart which is presented in Fig 17.

Figure 15. Bursa Medical Waste Sterilization Plant Process Description

Sterilize Medical Waste (Tons per quarter)

1,400.00

1,200.00 1,000.00 800.00 600.00 400.00 200.00

0.00 II QRT 2008* III QRT 2008 I QRT 2009 II QRT 2009 III QRT 2009 I QRT 2010 II QRT 2010 III QRT 2010 I QRT 2011 II QRT 2011 III QRT 2011**

BURSA YALOVA
BALIKESR

167.29 0.00
0.00

668 0
0

737 58
0

793 40
0

789 40
0

831 38
0

826 43
0

811 43
0

860 47
44

853 52
213

205 13
61

QUATERLY TOTAL 1 SHIFT CAPACITY

167.29 1,200

668 1,200

795 1,200

833 1,200

829 1,200

869 1,200

870 1,200

854 1,200

951 1,200

1,118 1,200

280 1,200

* The Plant Started Running in August 2009 ** Not Include October, November and December 2011 waste amount Figure 16. Amount of sterilize medical waste in plant

2.2. Sterilize Medical Wastes in Bursa Plant

The plant started running in August 2008. The data in Table 1 summarizes information of running of Bursa sterilization plant. Five bins fit into autoclave and total bins volume are 8.1 m3, the medical waste density is average 145 kg/m3, and capacity of autoclave unit is 1,166 kg per cycle which is 45 minutes. The plant capacity can reach 36 ton per day which means that the plant can sterilize all Bursa medical waste and the

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A New Model in the Medical Waste Managemen t K.B. Varinca, C. Esmen, Y. Avsar other cities medical waste in one shift. The volume reduction is 7%0 that are 18,328 m3 after shredding and compacting sterilize medical waste [4]. Fig 12 shows that Bursa Sterilization plant has been sterilizing medical wastes of three cities which are Bursa, Yalova and Balikesir. All Bursa cities medical waste has been sterilizing in plant since opening the plant, and Yalovas medical waste sterilizing since January 2009 and Balikesirs medical waste starting sterilizing recently. Running just one shift every day has been enough to sterilize all tree cities medical waste. The plant has been running six days every week since establishing [4].
Table 1. Amount of medical waste in Bursa,
Avarage Autoclave Ste riliz e Mountly First First End capacity pe r W aste Autoclave Autoclave W aste W aste W aste End waste cycle (45 Volume Amount Pe r C ycle Volume Volume De nsity Re duction Volume De nsity min) Mounth Aug-08 Sep-08 Oct-08 Nov-08 Dec-08 Jan-09 Feb-09 Mar-09 Apr-09 May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 Jan-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10 May-10 Jun-10 Jul-10 Aug-10 Sep-10 Oct-10 Nov-10 Dec-10 Jan-11 Feb-11 Mar-11 Apr-11 May-11 Jun-11 Jul-11 Aug-11 Sep-11 Toplam Tone s 167.29 162.33 171.11 170.03 164.40 220.28 176.29 194.26 204.19 201.01 211.02 214.68 206.23 192.24 217.55 193.06 225.70 208.72 203.32 232.72 224.38 210.17 221.32 224.78 213.45 206.01 213.27 201.22 233.77 229.58 211.91 243.53 265.79 271.88 287.05 286.77 272.50 279.62 8,233 C ycle 171 178 187 196 189 214 191 206 205 195 191 192 178 158 175 157 183 177 171 194 185 167 181 177 167 159 164 158 188 181 172 190 206 207 215 207 200 203 7,035 m3 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 m3 1385.1 1441.8 1514.7 1587.6 1530.9 1733.4 1547.1 1668.6 1660.5 1579.5 1547.1 1555.2 1441.8 1279.8 1417.5 1271.7 1482.3 1433.7 1385.1 1571.4 1498.5 1352.7 1466.1 1433.7 1352.7 1287.9 1328.4 1279.8 1522.8 1466.1 1393.2 1539 1668.6 1676.7 1741.5 1676.7 1620 1644.3 56983.5 kg/m 3 121 113 113 107 107 127 114 116 123 127 136 138 143 150 153 152 152 146 147 148 150 155 151 157 158 160 161 157 154 157 152 158 159 162 165 171 168 170 145 m3 969.57 1009.26 1060.29 1111.32 1071.63 1213.38 1082.97 1168.02 1162.35 1105.65 1082.97 1088.64 1009.26 895.86 992.25 890.19 1037.61 1003.59 969.57 1099.98 1048.95 946.89 1026.27 1003.59 946.89 901.53 929.88 895.86 1065.96 1026.27 975.24 1077.3 1168.02 1173.69 1219.05 1173.69 1134 1151.01 39888.45 m3 415.53 432.54 454.41 476.28 459.27 520.02 464.13 500.58 498.15 473.85 464.13 466.56 432.54 383.94 425.25 381.51 444.69 430.11 415.53 471.42 449.55 405.81 439.83 430.11 405.81 386.37 398.52 383.94 456.84 439.83 417.96 461.7 500.58 503.01 522.45 503.01 486 493.29 17095.1 kg/m 3 402.61 375.29 376.55 357.00 357.97 423.60 379.82 388.06 409.89 424.20 454.66 460.13 476.80 500.69 511.58 506.05 507.55 485.28 489.30 493.65 499.11 517.89 503.19 522.61 525.99 533.20 535.14 524.10 511.71 521.97 507.00 527.46 530.97 540.50 549.43 570.10 560.69 566.84 18328.57 kg 997 935 923 864 869 868 896 938 995 1025 1101 1115 1160 1220 1245 1229 1223 1177 1185 1199 1210 1253 1220 1267 1274 1296 1296 1272 1242 1260 1228 1283 1291 1306 1333 1384 1361 1377 1166

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3. CONCLUS ION
Before new medical waste management system, medical waste was collected as regulation accepts which medical waste were collected bags with special trucks by Bursa M etropolitan M unicipality. After collecting the medical waste from health care facilities, the waste was buried landfill. After new medical waste management system, medical wastes are collected in lockable medical waste containers . In addition, the system can weigh/calculate the quantity of these medical wastes, record and control them. And it is picked up by licensed vehicles and specially trained personnel from health establishments. During this pick-up process, medical waste containers are inspected for the level of radioactivity, gauged by sensitive devices and metal control detectors. Bursa M edical waste sterilization plant in, Turkey is the site of the state-of-the-art autoclave biomedical waste treatment facility. Sterilization has become possible to accurately be monitored. The efficiency of the system will be measured based on the quantity of wastes picked up before and after the launch of this procedure, the change over time in the volume and quantity of wastes regularly sent to landfill after sterilization.

REFERENCES
[1]. Health Care Without Harm, Non-Incineration Medical Waste Treatment Technologies, August 2001. [2]. Minister for Environment and Forest, "Regulation of Control of Medical Waste ", R. G. Date: 22.05.2005, R.G. Issue: 25883. [3]. World Health Organization - WHO, [Online]. Available: http://www.who.int/topics/medical_waste, [02.10.2011]. [4]. ST AATT I, Technical Assistance Manual: State Regulatory Oversight of Medical Waste Treatment Technologies, State and Territorial Association on Alternative Treatment Technologies, April 1994. [5]. Minister for Environment and Forest, General Directorate of Environmental Management, Waste Management Department, Medical Waste Status Report for the Year 2010, 31.12.2010, Ankara, T urkey. [6]. Bursa Metropolitan Municipality, "Medical Waste Sterilization Facility Feasibility Report", November 2007, Bursa, T urkey. [7]. ERA Environmental Technologies Co, http://www.eracevre.com, October 2011. [8]. Ministry of Health, Capacities of Hospitals by Cities and Establishments, [Online]. Available: http://www.saglik.gov.tr, [09/06/2010]. [9]. T urkey Statistical Institute (T SI), the Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) Database, [Online]. Available: http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/adnksdagitapp/adnks.zul, [11.09.2011].

BIOGRAPHY
Kamil B. VARINCA works as a research assistant at Yldz Technical University Environmental Engineering Department. Varnca received his BSc in Environmental Engineering in 2002 from stanbul University, stanbul, Turkey, and his MSc in Environmental Engineering in 2006 from Yldz Technical University, stanbul, Turkey. He is still PhD student on Hazardous Waste Management at Yldz Technical University Environmental Engineering Department. Varnca is a member of Chamber of Environmental Engineers (CEE) and Turkish National Committee on Solid Wastes (TNCSW). He may be contacted at kvarinca@yildiz.edu.tr or kvarinca@gmail.com.

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A New Model in the Medical Waste Managemen t K.B. Varinca, C. Esmen, Y. Avsar

Figure 17. Bursa Medical Waste Sterilization Plant Flow Chart

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EURASIA WASTE MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM
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