Indonesia

Imports: CIF, by origin

Exports: FOB, by last known destination

Trade System: General

Overview:
After several years of continuous growth marked by a peak of 137.1 bln US$ in 2008, the value of Indonesia's exports dropped by 15 percent
in 2009 and amounted to 116.5 bln US$ (see table 1 and graph 1). Imports showed a more pronounced development with a decline by 25.1
percent in 2009 to 96.8 bln US$ (see table 2 and graph 1). The trade surplus increased to 19.7 bln US$ in 2009 compared to 7.8 bln US$ in
2008 (see graph 1). Large surpluses were recorded with Developed Asia-Pacific (+8.4 bln US$), Southern Asia (nearly +7.0 bln US$), Developed
Europe (+4.6 bln US$) and Developed North America (+3.3 bln US$) (see graph 2). Trade recorded large deficits with South-Eastern Asia (nearly
-3.0 bln US$) and Western Asia (-2.3 bln US$). Indonesia's trade was diversified across partners: 14 major partners each accounted for 80
percent of exports and imports (see graph 3).

Graph 1: Total imports, exports and trade balance

(Bln US$ by year)
Exports

150

Imports

Trade Balance

Table 1: Exports by SITC sections

(Value in million US$, growth and shares in percentage)
SITC
Total
0+1
2+4
3
5
6
7
8
9

100

50

50

2009

116 510.0
7 642.6
24 237.4
32 945.9
5 807.5
17 076.0
16 096.2
11 773.8
930.6

Avg. Growth rates (%)

2005-2009 2008-2009

8.0
11.7
14.6
8.6
6.6
4.4
4.3
3.5
44.5

2009
share

-15.0
-9.7
-20.4
-17.2
-16.0
-16.6
-7.2
-7.8
10.9

100.0
6.6
20.8
28.3
5.0
14.7
13.8
10.1
0.8

100

09

08

20

07

20

06

20

05

20

04

20

03

20

02

20

01

20

00

20

99

20

98

19

97

19

96

19

19

19

95

150

Exports Profile:
In 2009, exports of mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials (SITC section 3)
decreased by 17.2 percent but still accounted for 28.3 percent of exported goods (see
table 1). Other major commodity groups included inedible crude materials (except
fuels), animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes (SITC sections 2+4), manufactured
goods classified chiefly by material (SITC section 6) and machinery and transport
equipment (SITC section 7) respectively with 20.8, 14.7 and 13.8 percent of exports.
Japan, China and USA were the top three trading partners for exports (see table 4).
Top exported products over the last three years were petroleum gases and other
gaseous hydrocarbons (HS code 2711), coal, briquettes, ovoids etc, made from coal
(HS code 2701) and palm oil and its fractions, not chemically modified (HS code 1511)
(see table 3).

Table 2: Imports by SITC sections

(Value in million US$, growth and shares in percentage)
SITC
Total
0+1
2+4
3
5
6
7
8
9

2009

96 829.2
7 694.3
5 119.8
19 066.6
11 775.2
14 127.6
35 787.5
3 233.3
24.8

Avg. Growth rates (%)

2005-2009 2008-2009

13.8
16.2
10.2
2.1
9.9
16.0
23.7
24.5
53.6

2009
share

-25.1
-8.6
-32.5
-37.8
-26.1
-29.9
-16.4
-11.1
-31.7

100.0
7.9
5.3
19.7
12.2
14.6
37.0
3.3
0.0

Table 3: Top 10 export commodities 2007 to 2009

(Value in million US$)
Value (million US$)
Unit value
4-digit heading of Harmonized System 1996
2007
2008
2009
2007 2008 2009
All Commodities............................................................................................................ 114 100.9 137 020.4 116 510.0
2711 Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons......................................................
9 983.8 13 160.5
8 935.7 0.5 0.6 0.4
2701 Coal, briquettes, ovoids etc, made from coal................................................................
6 691.3 10 488.9 13 799.1 0.0 0.1 0.1
1511 Palm oil and its fractions, not chemically modified......................................................
7 868.6 12 375.6 10 367.6 0.7 0.9 0.6
2709 Petroleum oils, oils from bituminous minerals, crude...................................................
9 226.0 12 418.7
7 820.3 0.5 0.7 0.4
4001 Natural rubber and gums, in primary form, plates, etc.................................................
4 870.5
6 058.2
3 244.0 2.0 2.6 1.6
2603 Copper ores and concentrates.......................................................................................
4 212.7
3 344.6
5 101.3 2.4 2.1 2.2
4802 Uncoated paper for writing, printing, office machines.................................................
1 754.4
1 925.0
1 708.6 0.8 0.9 0.8
1513 Coconut, palm kernel, babassu oil, fractions, refined...................................................
1 568.2
2 193.1
1 479.2 0.8 1.1 0.7
2713 Petroleum coke, bitumen & other oil industry residues................................................
972.9
2 360.8
1 382.8 0.5 0.6 0.4
7403 Refined copper and copper alloys, unwrought..............................................................
1 720.6
1 258.4
1 731.0 6.9 8.7 8.8
HS
code

Source: UN Comtrade

Unit

SITC
code

US$/kg
US$/kg
US$/kg
US$/kg
US$/kg
US$/kg
US$/kg
US$/kg
US$/kg
US$/kg

343
321
422
333
231
283
641
422
335
682

Indonesia
Graph 2: Trade Balance by MDG Regions in 2009

Graph 3: Partner concentration of trade in 2009

(Bln US$)

(Cumulative share by ranked partners)

Developed AsiaPacific

Imports
(Herfindahl Index = 0.076)

Developed Europe

Exports
(Herfindahl Index = 0.07)

Top
partner

Developed N. America

Top
partner

Southeastern Europe
5 th

5 th

10 th

10 th

15 th

15 th

20 th

20 th

25 th

25 th

CIS
Northern Africa
SubSaharan Africa
Latin Am, Caribbean
Eastern Asia
Southern Asia
Southeastern Asia
Western Asia

Table 4: Exports by principal countries and SITC sections in 2009

(Value in million US$, percentages of country total)
Country
World...............................
Japan...............................
China................................
USA..................................
Singapore........................
Rep. of Korea...................
India.................................
Malaysia..........................
Other Asia, nes................
Australia..........................
Thailand...........................

Total

0+1 2+4

Shares by SITC sections (%)

5
6
7
8

116 510.0 6.6 20.8 28.3 5.0

18 574.7 4.3 18.1 47.3 2.5
11 499.3 1.5 36.1 40.5 6.5
10 889.1 14.5 7.9 4.5 3.0
10 262.7 5.3 6.5 23.0 3.1
8 145.2 2.0 18.0 59.8 3.8
7 432.9 2.1 60.3 27.4 4.2
6 811.8 12.3 16.7 28.2 7.5
3 382.1 3.1 4.4 68.3 6.3
3 264.2 4.5 3.8 47.6 3.4
3 233.8 5.1 1.3 36.2 10.5

14.7
14.1
7.9
10.8
17.7
10.8
2.9
20.7
11.5
14.7
20.9

13.8 10.1
9.5 4.2
6.5 1.0
15.1 44.1
35.5 5.3
3.8 1.7
2.8 0.3
11.3 2.9
4.3 2.1
13.1 6.4
24.2 1.8

Total

0.8
0.0
...
0.1
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.3
...
6.3
0.0

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

0%
10

80

60

40

%
20

0%

%
20

40

60

80

10

0%

Oceania

Imports Profile:
In 2009, machinery and transport equipment
(SITC section 7) was the largest commodity
group for imports in 2009 and accounted for
37.0 percent of total (see table 2). Imports of
mineral fuels, lubricants and related
materials (SITC section 3) decreased by 37.8
percent and accounted for 19.7 percent of
imported goods. Over the last three years,
oils petroleum, bituminous, distillates,
except crude (HS code 2710), petroleum oils,
oils from bituminous minerals, crude (HS
code 2709) and aircraft, spacecraft, satellites
(HS code 8802) were the three major
imported products.

Table 5: Top 10 import commodities 2007 to 2009

(Value in million US$)
HS
code

4-digit heading of Harmonized System 1996

All Commodities............................................................................................................
2710 Oils petroleum, bituminous, distillates, except crude...................................................
2709 Petroleum oils, oils from bituminous minerals, crude...................................................
8802 Aircraft, spacecraft, satellites.......................................................................................
8525 Radio and TV transmitters, television cameras............................................................
1001 Wheat and meslin.........................................................................................................
8708 Parts and accessories for motor vehicles......................................................................
8471 Automatic data processing machines (computers).......................................................
7207 Semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel.........................................................
8704 Motor vehicles for the transport of goods....................................................................
8517 Electric apparatus for line telephony, telegraphy.........................................................

2007

Value (million US$)

2008
2009

74 473.4 129 244.1

12 619.5 19 963.6
9 056.9 10 061.5
1 537.4
1 852.3
1 130.7
1 704.8
1 181.3
1 975.5
840.0
2 547.3
844.9
1 805.5
1 078.3
2 066.7
691.2
1 850.2
730.9
1 891.4

Source: UN Comtrade

96 829.2
10 841.0
7 362.2
3 125.5
1 995.6
1 316.1
1 031.6
1 442.2
903.2
1 209.9
890.3

Unit value
2007 2008 2009
Unit

0.7
0.6

0.9
0.8

0.3
5.9

0.4
7.2

0.5

0.8

SITC
code

0.6 US$/kg 334

0.5 US$/kg 333
2.8 mln US$/unit 792

69.7 US$/unit
0.3 US$/kg
7.3 US$/kg
0.4

US$/kg

764
041
784
752
672
782
764