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Crime and Justice Electronic Data Abstract spreadsheets Aggregated data from a wide variety of published sources, intended for analytic use.

MORE DATA ANALYSIS TOOLS Latest Releases Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program, 2010 Justice Expenditure and Employment Extracts, 2007 Justice Expenditure and Employment Extracts, 2006 Justice Expenditure and Employment Extracts, 2005 Justice Expenditure and Employment Extracts, 2004

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How do I get paper copies of older reports that are not on your webpage? What types of justice employment and expenditure data does the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) collect? What percentage of public employees are devoted to criminal justice at the state and local levels, and by which functions? What contributions do federal, state, and local budgets make to justice expenditures in the United States? Has the cost of providing justice for the nation changed over time?

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About this Topic BJS Expenditure and Employment Data Collections Justice Expenditure and Employment Extract Series. Since 1980, these justice expenditure and employment data have been extracted from the Census Bureau's Annual Government Finance Survey and Annual Survey of Public Employment. This series includes national and state estimates of government expenditures and employment for the following categories: police protection, judicial services (including prosecution, courts, and public defense), and corrections. Federal data for the same categories are also included, as are data for the largest local governments (counties with populations of 500,000 or more and cities with populations of 300,000 or more). Government is the unit of analysis in the Criminal Justice Employment and Expenditure Survey (CJEE). For example, corrections employment reported for a particular state represents the total number of correctional employees employed by that state regardless of agency or locationprison, probation office, or other corrections agency. Summary Findings In fiscal year 2007, federal, state, and local governments spent an estimated $228 billion for police protection, corrections, and judicial and legal services, a 1.3% increase over the previous year after correcting for inflation. Local spending represented just over half (51%) of total expenditures on criminal justice in 2007. Direct expenditures for each of the major criminal justice functionspolice, corrections, and judicial serviceshave increased steadily since 1982.

In 2007 Police Protection Expenditure: Federal, state, and local governments spent about $104 billion on police protection. Employment: About 76% of employees in police protection served at the local level of government, 9% at the state level, and 14% at the federal level. Expenditure: Federal, state, and local governments spent about $50 billion for judicial and legal services nationwide. Employment: Over half (53%) of employees working in judicial and legal services served at the local level of government, 35% at the state level, and 12% at the federal level. Expenditure: Federal, state, and local governments spent a total of about $74 billion on corrections.

Judicial and Legal Services

Corrections

Employment: About 61% of corrections employees served at the state level of government, 34% at the local level, and 5% at the federal level. In 2007, local justice expenditures totaled $116 billion, state justice expenditures totaled $74 billion, and federal justice expenditures totaled $37 billion. Nationwide, 2.5 million justice employees worked at the federal, state, and local levels during 2007. Over the decade1997 to 2007overall employment in criminal justice by federal, state, and local governments remained relatively stable. Back to Top

Justice Expenditure Highlights

Justice Employment Highlights

Key Facts Expenditure by level of government Local governments spend more on justice than state governments or the federal government. Chart Page | Data Table | Spreadsheet | d_link

Expenditure for justice functions Direct expenditure for each of the major justice functions (police, corrections, judicial) has been increasing. Chart Page | Data Table | Spreadsheet | d_link

MORE KEY FACTS Back to Top Data Collections & Surveys

Expenditure and employment data from other BJS sources Justice Assistance Data Survey (formerly Justice Expenditure and Employment Survey) Justice Expenditure and Employment Extracts Series Back to Top

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Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program, 2010 Describes the steps used in the JAG formula calculation process and presents summary results of the FY 2010 formula calculations. PDF (421K) | ASCII file (24K) | Zip format (5K) Part of the Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program Series Justice Expenditure and Employment in the United States, 2003 Provides selected data from the Census Bureau's Annual General Finance and Employment Surveys. Data presented include police protection, judicial and legal services, and corrections expenditure and employment for Federal, State, and local governments in 2003 and national trend data for 1982 to 2003. PDF (159K) | ASCII file (34K) | Spreadsheet (Zip format 28K) | To order paper version Part of the Justice Expenditure and Employment Series Local Police Departments, 2003 Presents data collected from a representative sample of local police department nationwide on a variety of agency characteristics based on the 2003 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) survey. PDF (844K) | ASCII file (34K) | Spreadsheet (Zip format 60K) | Codebooks and Datasets | To order paper version Part of the Local Police Departments Series Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program, 2005 Describes the steps used in the JAG formula calculation process and presents summary results of the FY 2005 formula calculations. PDF (537K) | ASCII file (15K) | Spreadsheet (Zip format 6K) Part of the Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) Program Series Local Law Enforcement Block Grant Program, 1996-2004 Outlines how the formulas are calculated under the LLEBG Program to make funds available to local governments for reducing crime and improving public safety. PDF (66K) | ASCII file (16K) | Spreadsheet (Zip format 6K) State Prison Expenditures, 2001 Presents comparative data on the cost of operating the Nation's State prisons. The study is based on institutional corrections elements of the Fiscal 2001 Survey of Government Finances which State budget officers reported to the U.S. Census Bureau. PDF (197K) | ASCII file (42K) | ZIP Format (Spreadsheet 53K) | To order paper version Part of the State Prison Expenditures Series Justice Expenditure and Employment in the United States, 2001 Provides selected data from the Census Bureau's Annual General Finance and Employment Surveys. Press Release | PDF (281K) | ASCII file (26K) | Spreadsheet (Zip format 22K) | Codebooks and Datasets | To order paper version Part of the Justice Expenditure and Employment Series

Justice Variable Passthrough Data, 1997 Presents the variable passthrough (VPT) data used to calculate the amounts States distribute to their local governments under the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Programs. PDF (231K) | ASCII file (25K) | Spreadsheet (Zip format 14K) | Codebooks and Datasets Justice Expenditure and Employment in the United States, 1995 Provides selected data from the Census Bureau's Annual General Finance and Employment Surveys. PDF (130K) | ASCII file (28K) | Spreadsheet (Zip format 58K) | Codebooks and Datasets Part of the Justice Expenditure and Employment Series State Prison Expenditures, 1996 Presents comparative data on the cost of operating the Nation's state prisons. PDF (159K) | ASCII file (89K) Part of the State Prison Expenditures Series

MORE PUBLICATIONS & PRODUCTS Back to Top Terms & Definitions Direct expenditure All expenditure except that classified as intergovernmental. It includes "direct current expenditure" (salaries, wages, fees, and commissions and purchases of supplies, materials, and contractual services) and "capital outlays" (construction and purchase of equipment, land, and existing structures). Capital outlays are included for the year when the direct expenditure is made, regardless of how the funds are raised (for example, by bond issue) or when they are paid back. All persons employed on a full time basis, including all full time temporary or seasonal workers who were employed during this pay period. A statistical measure that estimates the number of full time employees that could have been employed if the reported number of hours worked by part time employees had been worked by full time employees. The sum of payments from one government to another, including grants? in?aid, shared revenues, payments in lieu of taxes, and amounts for services performed by one government for another on a reimbursable or cost?sharing basis (for example, payments by one government to another for boarding prisoners). It excludes amounts paid to other governments for purchase of commodities, property, or utility services.

Full time employees

Full time equivalent employment

Intergovernmental expenditure

Judicial and legal services

Includes all civil and criminal courts and activities associated with courts such as law libraries, grand juries, petit juries, medical and social service activities, court reporters, judicial councils, bailiffs, and probate functions. It also includes the civil and criminal justice activities of the attorneys general, district attorneys, State's attorneys, and their variously named equivalents and corporation counsels, solicitors, and legal departments with various names. It excludes legal units of noncriminal justice agencies, whose functions may be performed by a legal services department in other jurisdictions (such as a county counsel).

MORE TERMS & DEFINITIONS Back to Top Related Links

Data Online National Archive of Criminal Justice Data National Criminal Justice Reference Service Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics Tribal Justice and Safety in Indian Country U.S. Census Bureau Governments Statistics Back to Top

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