Mobile Communication

Assignment No.3
Name: MAAZ NAEEM Reg no: 192

Question1: Figure below shows the (7, 4) hamming code. Show a Hamming code for k = 3 in a tabular form.

Ans. Hamming Code for k=3 Message/Informa tion 0 (000) 1(001) 2 (010) 3(011) 4 (100) 5 (101) 6 (110) 7 (111) 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 P1 P2 D1 P3 D2 D3

Question2: Comparison of Convolutional and block codes in detail with reasoning

Channel Coding:
In coding, redundancy is added to the original data. The technique that is responsible for correcting and detecting errors is known channel coding .Channel coding is also as forward error correction technique. By channel coding, you basically increase the chances of having a more accurate data. The technique removes noise and thus increases the reliability of the transmission channel. Channel coding technique is very good way of detecting and correcting errors. The two main types of channel coding is convolutional code and block code.

Convolutional Code:
One type of channel coding is known as convolutional coding .In convolutional coding , each m-bit information symbol (each m-bit string) to be encoded is transformed into an n-bit symbol, where m/n is the code rate (n m) and the transformation is a function of the last k information symbols, where k is the constraint length of the code.

In order to have reliable data transfer, convolutional coding is used in a large number of applications such as digital video, mobile and satellite communication.

Block Code:
One other technique of channel coding is block codes. In block codes, the data are encoded in large a chunk that is in blocks. A large variety of application use block coding .Block coding is an injective method.

The alphabet
Alphabet is basically models a string that is encoded of a data stream. The size | | of the alphabet is often written as q.

The message length k

The length of the message is indicated by the letter k of a block code.

The block length n

Given a block, the number of symbols in a block length basically refers to n.

The rate R
R = k / n. The distance d

The distance or minimum distance d of a block code is the minimum number of positions in which any two distinct code words differ. Examples of block coding include Reed-Solomon codes, hamming codes, hadamard codes etc. Convolutional Code Block Code

They operate on serial data.

They operate on a large chunk of data

The decoding algorithms that are The decoding algorithms that are considered are Viterbi algorithms. considered are soft-decision.

It is less complex to encode in It is comparatively more complex to convolutional coding. On long constraints length decode in block coding. its On long constraint length its

performance is pretty good. More complex to decode.

performance is average. Fewer complexes when it comes to decoding.