2011-12

WROCLAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

[POWER SYSTEM FAULT

PROJECT NO-3 (FAULT DETECTION). NOProf. Dr. Hab. In Jan Iykowski Presented by: INDRAJEET PRASAD SHIVANANDA PUKHREM JOAN JIMIENEZ ANGELES

POWER SYSTEM FAULT

PROJECT NO-2

INDEX:
1. Introduction.. 2.Variables used in the line code program.. 3.Program code. 4. Graphics ... 5. Graphics Description. 6. Conclusion 3 4 5 8 9 10

Presented by: INDRAJEET PRASAD, SHIVANANDA PUKHREM, JOAN JIMIENEZ ANGELE

POWER SYSTEM FAULT

PROJECT NO-2

1.INTRODUCTION:
With this report we will try to familiarize with some code lines of Matlab Program. Since we detected the fault in the system in the 1st and 2ndprojects, here in this project we are detecting the power system fault through statistical method. On the basis of delivered description of the fault detection method, we will develop a MATLAB program to give the simulation results in time domain, and three phase current and voltage in the system. Here we are using two statistical methods for fault detection. They are called sample-bysample(SBS) and cycle-by-cycle (CBC) methods,by defining threshold value in MATLAB. This threshold must be lowenough to detect faults but also high enough to avoid falsedetections.

Presented by: INDRAJEET PRASAD, SHIVANANDA PUKHREM, JOAN JIMIENEZ ANGELE

POWER SYSTEM FAULT

PROJECT NO-2

2. VARIABLES USED IN LINE CODE PROGRAM:

theta_i=1; theta_v=1; n=20; dT=2*pi/n; FF=-2*FF/n; x=readpl452; size(x); y=x'; size(y), iS_af(1,:)=theta_i*filter(FF,1,y(2,:)); iS_bf(1,:)=theta_i*filter(FF,1,y(3,:)); iS_cf(1,:)=theta_i*filter(FF,1,y(4,:));

Presented by: INDRAJEET PRASAD, SHIVANANDA PUKHREM, JOAN JIMIENEZ ANGELE

POWER SYSTEM FAULT

PROJECT NO-2

3. PROGRAM CODE:
clear all; theta_i=1; % CT ratio theta_v=1; % VT ratio n=20; % number of samples in a single fundamental frequency period % sampling frequency: 1000 Hz %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % Standard full-cycle FOURIER FILTRATION:We need to calculate magnitud of %fault current and voltege. We need to pass the digital filter called FF. dT=2*pi/n; for k=1:n, alfa=dT/2+(k-1)*dT; FF(k)=cos(alfa)+sqrt(-1)*sin(alfa); end; FF=-2*FF/n; %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % READING AND TRANSPOSING *.PL4 FILES. %If the readpl4 doesn`t work we can put the other file. %x=readpl4; x=readpl452; size(x), %if we want the columns for rows we are doing the transposed matrix. y=x'; size(y),

Presented by: INDRAJEET PRASAD, SHIVANANDA PUKHREM, JOAN JIMIENEZ ANGELE

POWER SYSTEM FAULT

PROJECT NO-2

% (S)means Sending, (a) the phase and (f) filtration. Later on we are %using the filter that is a matlab function (help filter to know how it`s works). %FF is the name of the filter(FF:Fourier Filter,1: is the gain,y: is the %input signal from 2 till (:) that menas all the range of samples). %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% iS_af(1,:)=theta_i*filter(FF,1,y(2,:)); % Side S - phase 'a' current after filtration iS_bf(1,:)=theta_i*filter(FF,1,y(3,:)); % Side S - phase 'b' current after filtration iS_cf(1,:)=theta_i*filter(FF,1,y(4,:)); % Side S - phase 'c' current after filtration %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Threshold= 1.2*2*abs(iS_af(1,21)*sin(0.5*100*pi*0.001)) isa= y(2,:)*theta_i; isb= y(3,:)*theta_i; isc= y(4,:)*theta_i; for n=2:120; %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% SbyS_Sa(n)=abs(isa(n)-isa(n-1)); SbyS_Sb(n)=abs(isb(n)-isb(n-1)); SbyS_Sc(n)=abs(isc(n)-isc(n-1));

ifSbyS_Sa(n)>=Threshold FLT_Sa(n)=1; elseFLT_Sa(n)=0; end; Threshold(n)= 1.2*2*abs(iS_af(1,21)*sin(0.5*100*pi*0.001)); end;

Presented by: INDRAJEET PRASAD, SHIVANANDA PUKHREM, JOAN JIMIENEZ ANGELE

POWER SYSTEM FAULT

PROJECT NO-2

figure(1); plot(FLT_Sa,'ro'); grid on; title('Fault detection[if 0=no fault,if 1=fault]'); xlabel('Time [ms]'); ylabel('fault detection'); figure(2); plot(SbyS_Sa,'r-'); title('Sample by Sample'); xlabel('Time [ms]'); ylabel(Current[Amperes]); grid on; hold on; plot(Threshold,'g-'); %cycle by cycle method for n=21:120; Cbc_sa(n)=isa(n)-isa(n-20); end figure(3); plot(Cbc_sa,'r-'); title(Cycle by Cycle'); xlabel('Time [ms]'); ylabel('Current[Amperes]); grid on; hold on; for n=21:120; Cbc_saa(n)=abs(isa(n)-isa(n-20)); end figure(4); plot(Cbc_saa,'g-'); title(Absolute value of phase current'); xlabel('Time [ms]'); ylabel(Current[Amperes]); grid on; end.

Presented by: INDRAJEET PRASAD, SHIVANANDA PUKHREM, JOAN JIMIENEZ ANGELE

POWER SYSTEM FAULT

PROJECT NO-2

4. GRAPHICS RESULTS:
The graphics obtained from the program are showed down: Fig : Task :Fault detection.

Presented by: INDRAJEET PRASAD, SHIVANANDA PUKHREM, JOAN JIMIENEZ ANGELE JIMI

POWER SYSTEM FAULT

PROJECT NO-2

5.GRAPHICS DESCRIPTION
From the above figures, In figure 1 as we observed,till 60ms there is no fault because as we can see in the legend of the graphic for no faults we are using {o}. During the rest of the period which contains another 60 ms appears a fault and that is denoted by {o} symbol at 1 level of the Y axis. Thefigure 2 depicts the sample by sample method.This method shows a sinusoidal wave as a result of the rest of each component and the previous one which is shown in red waveform.And the green line shows the threshold value. Here at 60 ms, the sample difference between the fault inception sample and the post fault sample exceeds the threshold value and as a result the fault is detected after 60 ms. The figure 3 depicts the cycle by cycle method that exceeds the threshold value at 60 ms.As we can see in the MATLAB, threshold value is equal to 1.2 of the absolute value of the current. Because of this, during the first 60 ms the values are {0}, so these values doesnt exceeds the threshold value. And figure 4 depicts the absolute value of the phase current.

Presented by: INDRAJEET PRASAD, SHIVANANDA PUKHREM, JOAN JIMIENEZ ANGELE

POWER SYSTEM FAULT

PROJECT NO-2

6.CONCLUSION:
Through this particular project we are able to detect the power system fault using a traditional statistical approach of fault detection which is more precious fault detection algorithm. By simulating in MATLAB, we are able to calculate the time period in which the fault occurs and the absolute value of the fault current at that period of time.

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Presented by: INDRAJEET PRASAD, SHIVANANDA PUKHREM, JOAN JIMIENEZ ANGELE