"In the end antiblack, antifemale, and ALL forms of discrimination are equivalent to the same thing - antihumanism.

gs are born l human bein Al l in dignity free and equa ey are d rights. Th an reason and ndowed with ould act e ience and sh consc another in a owards one t rotherhood. spirit of b
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, December 10, 1948 by the General Assembly of the UN.

What is discrimination?
Discrimination is making a difference between one thing and another. In terms of people, it means believing that a person or a certain group of people differ from another, and that, as different, each person or group should be granted different rights and restrictions, being the subject to discrimination the one more likely to be thought of as the one who deserves less of the former and more of the latter. Discrimination can be carried out by aiming at almost any aspect of a human being, such as race, religion, appearance, gender, sexual orientation, etc.

Labels are nouns that cut slices.

Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Article 2

Some concepts to have in mind when reading about discrimination.

* In-group: small group of people who share the same interests and attitudes and show loyalty to one another. * Out-group: anyone who does not belong to that group. * Prejudice: irrational overgeneralization towards a group as a whole or an individual because they are members of a certain group. * Prejudgement: premature judgement prior to examining the relevant evidence. * Intolerance: Rejection of the out-group because of their differences from the in-group. *Bigotry: extreme fanatism. Skinheads are racial bigots. * Stereotyping: It is the cognitive distortion of prejudice. It is a faulty reasoning process through which the mind simplyfies certain characteristics. It is acquired culturally and it is a common phenomenon. The only mention of an ethnic group triggers an image in your mind. Jews are stereotyped as greedy, nit-picky, misers. They are often shown counting money or collecting diamonds.

Racial discrimination and Xenophobia

Racial discrimination and xenophobia
Racial discriminacion is the act of making a difference between one ethnic group and another, and that, as different, each group should not be granted the same rights and restrictions. Closely related to racism we find xenophobia, which can be defined as the sistematic acts or thoughts of hostilility towards foreigners , for no other reason than being from another country. The target may be a group already present within a society, but not accepted as part of that society, or it can often refer to immigrants.
Segregation in the USA

Institutional racism: It refers to institutional arrangements that restrict the life

chances and choices of a certain ethnic group in comparison with those of the dominant group.

Apartheid in South Africa.

It was the government's policy that promoted racial segregation between the whites and minorities, particularly blacks. It lasted from 1948 to 1991. The National Party controlled the South African government and enforced the apartheid policy. Apartheid restricted blacks and other minorities of the most basic rights. Their freedom was limited and were not given the opportunity to improve their life. However, most South Africans and other countries opposed apartheid, and by 1994, the government ended it.

THE HOLOCAUST
The Holocaust was the systematic slaughter of not only 6 million Jews (two-thirds of the total European Jewish population), but also 5 million others, approximately 11 million individuals wiped off the Earth by the Nazi regime and its collaborators.
Segregation was one of the most important manifestations of hate towards black people, especially in the southern states of the USA, where racism was far more intense than in the rest of the country. Martin Luther King Jr., a black minister from Atlanta, peacefully protested along with others in order to put an end to this situation. He was assassinated in 1968 by a white extremist, and the aftermath was the beginning of violent protesting in hands of the newly formed Black Power movement, mostly made up of King's followers. One of its leaders was Stokely Carmichael. 5

Auschwitz - Survivors at the time of the liberation by Allied troops.

Xenophobia and racism in Argentina nowadays.

Rwanda: Genocide
The country is internationally well-known due to the genocide of 1994 in hands of the ruling tribe -Hutus-, in which 800,000 people of the Tutsi tribe were killed and almost 500,000 women were raped within 100 days, after the assassination of the Rwandan President by Tutsi rebels, during the Rwandan Civil War.

Religious discrimination
Religious discrimination
It involves treating a person unfavorably because of his or her religious believes or the lack of them. Religious discrimination can also involve treating someone differently because that person is married to (or associated with) an individual of a particular religion or because of his or her connection with a religious organization or group. From the Crusades to the Holocaust, people have used religion as a reason to commit horrifically violent acts against people of various faiths. Millions of people have been persecuted, tortured and killed because of judgments made about their religious ideologies.

The Conquest of the Desert

The Conquest of the Desert was a military campaign directed mainly by General Julio Argentino Roca in the 1870s, which established Argentinian dominance over Patagonia, which was inhabited by native peoples. Roca led an army south in 1879, and his brutal Conquest of the Desert was effectively over by the following year, leaving over 1300 natives dead and 600,000 km2 of Patagonia effectively open to settlement.

A few years before, Minister of War Adolfo Alsina had sent a trench to be built. It was located in the boundary between Buenos Aires and La Pampa. Its purpose was to stop the advance of the nativesraids.

Religion
Any specific system of belief about deity, often involving rituals, a code of ethics, and a philosophy of life.
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Some facts about Religious Discrimination

*Most hate crimes motivated by religious intolerance are acts of vandalism (like swastikas spray-painted onto synagogues and tombstones), but personal attacks are not uncommon. *According to the FBI, the majority of religiously motivated hate crimes are directed against Jews. *Some conservative Christians have made statements that categorize other religious groups as evil, degenerate, sub-human and hated by God. Some examples are: - A former Southern Baptist president told two large meetings recently that God does not listen to the prayers of a Jew. - Another stated that non-Christians hate God, love sin, and don't care whether anyone is struggling with sin or not. Religious intolerance is a driving force behind many of the world's armed conflicts and centers of civil unrest.Afew current and recent conflicts include: Protestants vs. Roman Catholics in Northern Ireland Muslims vs. Serbian Orthodox Christians in Kosovo Aboriginals, Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs in India Christians and Muslims in the Southern Philippine Islands The wall of separation between church and state does not prevent judges and legislators from attempting to eliminate the rights of faith groups that they do not like. The constitutions of the U.S. and Canada guarantee religious freedom to all citizens, yet many hurdles remain to be overcome: *Children are occasionally seized from homes because of some social workers' misunderstanding of their parents' religion *A significant percentage of North Americans blame all Muslims and/or all Arabs for terrorist acts. Others blame all Fundamentalists within Islam. But in fact, the responsibility lies with extreme, radical, violent, Fundamentalist Muslims, a numerically small group among the world's approximately 1.2 billion Muslims. One such group claiming the right to kill is Hamas. In recruiting the bombers, Hamas leaders taught that the perpetrators of suicide missions would receive in heaven seventy virgins and seventy wives.
Sexual orientation discrimination can occur in a number of ways, including: *Verbal abuse or threats; *unwelcome remarks, insulting jokes, or name calling; *denial of a service; *not hiring or promoting someone; and *Publications or displays that criticize people based on their sexual orientation.

Discrimination because of sexual orientation

Homophobia is a fear or hatred of homosexuality and of people who are, or appear to be, gay, lesbian,or bisexual. Homophobia can exist as part of an individuals beliefs or more broadly as part of societys values, reflected in its practices and institutions. Sexual orientation discrimination occurs when someone actually does something based on their homophobic beliefs. Sexual orientation discrimination is often homophobia put into action by treating some people differently and poorly because they are homosexual or bisexual.
However, sexual orientation discrimination can also mean treating someone differently and poorly because they are heterosexual.

LGTB: Lesbians, Gays, Transexuals and Bisexuals

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Gender Discrimination
Gender discrimination
It refers to the practice of granting or denying rights or privilegies to a person based on their gender

Gender Discrimination in the workplace

Lack of equal opportunities regarding work hours, wages, promotions and positions.

Gender role: a collection of attitudes and behaviours that are considered normal and appropiate in a specific culture for people of a particular sex. These roles establish sex-related behavioral expectations that people are expected to fulfill.Gender-role expectations are culturally defined and vary from society to society and are also dependent on the era in which they occur.

Women in Islamic countries, a clear example of discrimination because of gender. . From birth, women are forced to believe that they are unwanted, that they are an accident, and a poor substitute for a boy. They are forced to hide behind burkhas, or shuttlecock veils, which cover their entire body and have a small screen in which they can see out of . Women play a role almost solely as a homemaker and they are rarely allowed to leave the house. To contribute to their seclusion men will do just about anything, including going to the market for them.
One person does not come before the other, one is not superior to the other, and one is not the derivative of the other. A woman is not created for the purpose of a man. Rather, they are both created for the mutual benefit of each other. Quran 4:34

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Social and cultural prejudice should be avoided, for example, the stereotype of women at home and men at work.

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Discrimination against atheists and agnostics

Men also face discrimination because of gender.

However, the vast majority of victims of gender discrimination all over the world have always been women. Here are some facts about women around the world: *Women perform 66% of the worlds work, but receive only 11% of the worlds income, and own only 1% of the worlds land. *Women make up 66% of the worlds illiterate adults. *Women head 83% of single-parent families. The number of families nurtured by women alone doubled from 1970 to 1995 (from 5.6 million to 12.2 million). *Women account for 55% of all college students, but even when women have equal years of education it does not translate into economic opportunities or political power. *Two-thirds of the worlds children who receive less than four years of education are girls. Girls represent nearly 60% of the children not in school . *Parents in countries such as China and India sometimes use sex determination tests to find out if their fetus is a girl. Of 8000 fetuses aborted at a Bombay clinic, 7999 were female. *Wars today affect civilians most, since they are civil wars, guerrilla actions and ethnic disputes over territory or government. 3 out of 4 fatalities of war are women and children *Rape is used as a tool of genocide and weapon of war. Tens of thousands of women and girls have been subjected to rape and other sexual violence . *Gender-based violence kills one in three women across the world and is the biggest cause of injury and death to women worldwide. 13

The golden rule

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Laws against homosexuality around the world

Some regimes do not have laws against homosexuality because they do not acknowledge that it exists. Homosexuality is illegal in many countries of Africa, such as Algeria, Libya, Angola, Kenya, and Nigeria. In areas under Islamic Law in Nigeria, homosexuality is a crime punishable by death. Laws vary in Asia. Gay Palestinians often attempt to flee to Israel as they are targeted for death in Palestinian-controlled areas. In Saudi Arabia, homosexuality is a crime punishable by death but jail time, fines or whipping may be used in place of execution. In Singapore, discrimination based on sexual orientation is explicitly outlawed, but the government continues to discriminate against sexual minorities.

Argentina: gay rigths

Same-sex sexual activity between consenting adults in private was legalized in 1887. However, there were no civil rights laws designed to protect LGBT people and public opinion tended to look down upon them. During the 19th century homosexuality was treated as a medical pathology, an accusation to be levied against political opponents or something brought in by foreigners. Police harassment of homosexuals increased during the first military coup of 1930 which initiated the Infamous Decade. In 1936, a mass arrest of homosexual men prompted legislation to legalize and regulate heterosexual prostitution based on the argument that men were turning to homosexuality out of desperation The first LGBT rights organizations to be established were Nuestro Mundo (1969) and Safo (1972). They represented the homosexual liberation front that sought an alliance with the political left in order to advance civil rights The Comunidad Homosexual Argentina publicly campaigned for the human rights of LGBT people for many years, but was only given official recognition in 1992. In 2007, the International Gay World Cup was held in Buenos Aires, with the Argentina team winning.

Im tired of being openly gay. Im seriously considerig going back in to the closet
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At last...
Same-sex marriage has been legal since July 22, 2010, after the Deputies and the Senate approved the bill and the President signed it. Argentina became the first SouthAmerican country to legalize same-sex marriage. 16

Lookism and ableism

Lookism
Discrimination or predjudice against people based on their physical appearence. Lookism relates to preconceived notions of beauty and cultural stereotyping based on appearance as well as gender roles and expectations.

Ableism
It is a set of practices and beliefs that assign inferior value to people who have developmental, emotional, physical or psychiatric disabilities. Ableism is revealed in: Treating disability as an unreasonable burden. Avoiding people with disabilities. Seeing disability as a marginal, minority-related issue rather than a social issue. Addressing disability issues only under pressure of the law.

Are there disabled ramps in every public building in Junin?

Are you conscious of lookism? Did you have to change to fit in?
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Bullying
Bullying

Discrimination in action at school

Bullying is defined as a repeated behaviour of verbal insult,social rejection, psychological intimidation and/or physical aggression from a person towards another who becomes the victim. General characteristics - the agressions are over the same person (victim) and for a long period of time. - the agressor establishes a dominance-submision relationship over the victim. There is a clear inequality of power between the agressor and the victim. - the agression hurts beyond the attack, for the victim fears a new violent act. -the abuse can be physical, verbal or social. Bullying incidents tend to involve three different groups of students: Bullies, Victims, and Bystanders. Bullies: There are three types of bullies:: * Aggressive bullies are the most common type of bully. They tend to be physically strong, impulsive, hot-tempered, belligerent, fearless, coercive, confident, and lacking in empathy for their victims. They have an aggressive personality and are motivated by power and the desire to dominate others. *Passive bullies:They tend to be insecure, much less popular than the aggressive bullies and often have low-self esteem, few likable qualities, and unhappy home lives. Passive bullies also appear to have difficulties concentrating and focusing their attention at school, as well as violent outbursts or temper tantrums that lead to problems with their peers. Instead of initiating a bullying interaction, passive bullies tend to hang back until one is already under way usually at the instigation of an aggressive bully. Once a bullying incident begins, passive bullies become enthusiastic participants. *Bully-victims: They represent a small percentage of bullies who have been seriously bullied themselves. They are often physically weaker than those who bully them but are almost always physically stronger than their own victims. They are easily aroused and sometimes provoke others who are clearly weaker than they are. Bully-victims are generally unpopular with their peers, and they are more likely than other types of bullies to be both anxious and depressed. 4

Victims Bullies do not randomly attack their peers; instead, they target a specific subgroup of students who are often victimized over the course of several years. There are three types of victim: the passive victim, the provocative victim, and bully-victim (The latter described in the previous point). Passive victims do not directly provoke bullies and represent the largest group of victimized children. They are socially withdrawn, often seem anxious, depressed, and fearful, and have very poor self-concepts. Passive victims have few if any friends, are lonely and sad, and are more nervous about new situations. In the early grades, responses to bullying include crying, withdrawal, and anger. In later grades, they tend to respond by trying to avoid and escape from bullying situations (e.g., being absent from school, running away from home).
Provocative victim:About ten to fifteen percent of victims can be described as, "provocative victims." These children are restless and easily aroused emotionally. They are teasers. They fight back against bullies and come back for more. Less skilled in fighting than bullies, they mostly lose those fights.

Bystanders
A bystander is a person who does not become actively involved in a situation where someone else requires help and in this way isunderstood to be a passive observer, an onlooker who watches something happening, but stays on the sidelines and does not intervene or get help, even if someone needs it.

"A person is being bullied when he or she is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons

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A survey on discrimination
A number of 250 teenagers attending different schools in our city were asked to answer a survey on discrimination. The results can be seen below. * When asked about who they would not sit next to at school, they answered: 23,5% Gypsy 11,5% Bolivian 8,2% Jew 5,3% Chilean 4,5% Mapuche 3,7% Paraguayan 3,7% Black * 79% of the students would have a romantic relationship with a person from a different race. * 209 students think there is nothing wrong about foreign people living in our country, but only a 40% showed interest in learning about the culture of those foreigners. * Out of 150 girls, a 10% answered that a boy who goes out with a lot of girls is a winner. 50 % of the boys answered the same. * 50% of the boys surveyed would have a gay friend. However, many of them added a few conditions, such as having the certainty that their gay friend will not show any intentions beyond their friendship. A small number of boys answered they would react violently if they learnt their friend was gay. * Girls showed themselves to be more tolerant as regards the topic of sexual orientation. Most of them answered they would have a gay friend and,were they to know their best friend was gay, the relationship would not change. * Nevertheless, above 30%, both boys and girls, answered they would be disgusted in presence of a couple of the same sex holding hands.

Preconceived notions are the locks on the door to wisdom. Merry Browne Judge me all you want, just keep the verdict to yourself. Morality is simply the attitude we adopt towards people whom we personally dislike. Oscar Wilde If only closed minds came with closed mouths. "If you judge people, you have no time to love them." Mother Teresa "We can never judge the lives of others, because each person knows only their own pain and renunciation. It's one thing to feel that you are on the right path, but it's another to think that yours is the only path." Paulo Coelho "When you judge another, you do not define them, you define yourself." Wayne Dyer (Psychotherapist, Author and Speaker) Hating people is like burning down your own house to get rid of a rat. Henry Emerson Fosdick If you hate a person, you hate something in him that is part of yourself. What isn't part of ourselves doesn't disturb us. Hermann Hesse
The mind of a bigot is like the pupil of the eye; the more light you pour on it, the more it will contract. Oliver Wendell Holmes He that would live in peace and at ease, must not speak all he knows, nor judge all he sees" Benjamin Franklin "I know I'm not perfect and I don't live to be. But, before you start pointing fingers, make sure your hands are clean." - Bob Marley Laundry is the only thing that should be separated by color. Author Unknown

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