Haydn

Symphony No.94, G Major (Surprise) (Mvt. 2)

Instrumentation: flutes (2), oboes (2), bassoons (2), French horns (2),
trumpets (2), timpani, strings (typical classical orchestra)

Form: theme and variations

1) The main theme (A) is presented by the violins. Note the balanced phrases
which make up the theme. Also, listen carefully for the accented chord which
gives the work its title, "Surprise," at :32.

2) The first variation (A1) continues in the violins. Note however, the addition
of timpani (opening beat), woodwinds, and a distinctive countermelody added
above the main theme.
3) Variation 2 (A2) shifts to a minor key. Note the change in instrumentation in
the second phrase and the inversion of a short part of the theme (marked in
brackets) in the second phrase.

4) In the third variation (A3) Haydn changes the rhythmic character of the
theme entirely. The underlying structure of the theme, however, may be seen
in the illustration in brackets (not actually played).

5) The original theme is played in the strings while a countermelody is

presented above by the flute and oboe.
6) Variation 4 (A4) consists of the main theme presented by brass and
woodwinds accented by the low strings. A running countermelody is also
provided by the strings.

7) The strings present the theme in a rhythmically varied form as illustrated

below:

8) A short closing section is provided with the oboe presenting the theme
softly (p) for the last time.