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Eden Project Haddad
Eden Project Haddad
Eden Project Haddad
THE LINK
image shows: Steel Hex Biome Structure; ETFE Foil; Hex-Pillows; Quarry Edge image source: Grimshaw
image shows: The Tropics Biome; Interior Mist & Humidity Preserved by ETFE Thermoplastic Foil image source: Grimshaw
image shows: Visitor Centre; Serves as Parks Main Entrance; (Footbridge from Car Parking) materials used: Fabric Roof; Steel Frame; Retaining Walls; Timber image source: The Architects Journal, v. 213, Feb. 22 2001 (p. 37)
THE CORE
image shows: The Core; (Primary Educational & Learning Facilities) materials used: Photovoltaic Solar Cells; Copper Roof; Timber; Recycled Newsprint image source: The Architectural Review, v. 1305, Nov. 2005 (p. 68)
image shows: Fabric-Covered Visitor Centre [foreground]; Biomes & Quarry [background] image source: Grimshaw
image shows: The Edges of the Biomes and the Reclaimed China Clay Pit during Construction image source: The Architects Journal, v. 213, Feb. 22 2001 (p. 31)
Project THE EDEN PROJECT Architect NICHOLAS GRIMSHAW & PARTNERS Location CORNWALL, UNITED KINGDOM Site History RURAL | RECLAIMED KAOLINITE QUARRY [66m-deep BODELVA CHINA CLAY PIT] Client TIM SMIT & JONATHAN BALL Dates Year Initiated : 1995 / 1996 Year Completion : VARIES (2000 - 2005)
Eden Phases image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden_Project PHASE 1 VISITORS CENTRE (2000) PHASE 2 BIOMES AND BIOME LINK BLDG (2001) SITE PHASE 3 EDEN FOUNDATION / EDEN INSTITUTE BLDG (2003) PHASE 4 THE CORE / EDUCATION RESOURCE CENTRE (2005) PHASE 5 : THE EDGE DESERT BIOME (planning phase / pending) Size 23,000 SQ M | 247,480 SQ FT | 15 HECTARES [450m end-to-end] Primary Materials GALVANIZED STEEL HEX-TRI-HEX SPACEFRAME ETFE THERMOPLASTIC FOIL (ETHYLENE TETRA FLUORO ETHYLENE) RECONSTRUCTED SOIL & GLOBALLY DIVERSE VEGETATION Data [Area, Weight, Dimensions, Total # Plants & Species] PLAN AREA : 22,000m SURFACE AREA : 30,000m WEIGHT STEEL FRAME : 667 tonnes WEIGHT AIR ENCLOSED : 536 tonnes STEEL TUBE DIMENSIONS : 193 mm diameter LARGEST BIOME DIMENSIONS : 55m high | 240m long | 110m wide LARGEST HEXAGONAL PILLOW : 75m | 2m deep LARGEST HEXAGONAL PLANE : 11m span TOTAL # PLANTS & SPECIES : over 100,000 plants ; over 5,000 species Structural Engineer ANTHONY HUNT ASSOCIATES Services Engineer ARUP Cost Consultant DAVIS LANGDON & EVEREST Main Contractor MCALPINE JOINT VENTURE Landscape Architect LAND USE CONSULTANTS Project Budget 57 - 75 MILLION GBP [approx. $100 - $150 MILLION AUD] [Initial Grant - 1995 : 25,000] [Recent Grant - 2006 : 360,000] Admission Cost Adults 16.00 Seniors 11.00 Students 8.00 Children 6.00 Families 39.00
image shows: Event Stage [left]; Humid Tropics Biome [back]; Warm Temperate Biome [front right]; South-facing Slope; Terraces; Kaolinite Clay Pit; Circulation & Outdoor (Mediterranean) Gardens
HISTORY
CORNWALL
image shows: Former Kaolinite Quarry / China Clay Pit image source: howstuffworks.com
image shows: Main Access Road (Bodelva Road); Eden Project (A); Park Entrance (B); Circulation & Parking; Rural / Agrarian Context [Farmland] map source: Google Maps
Workforce CURRENTLY EMPLOYS : 500+ EMPLOYMENT DATA : 95% Local ; 75% Previously Unemployed PROJECTED EDEN PROJECT EMPLOYMENT : 700+ PROJECTED CORNWALL EMPLOYMENT (due to project) : 1700+ Average # Visitors 2 MILLION / YEAR (approx.) 3,500+ / DAY Climate [Cornwall, UK] ANNUAL AVG. HIGH : 13.8C (57F) ANNUAL AVG. LOW : 9.3C (49F) ANNUAL PRECIPITATION : 844 mm (33.23) SUNSHINE HOURS : 1,805 AVG. PRECIPITATION DAYS : 200 Population [Cornwall, UK] 514,000 (approx. 144 people per sq. km.) M+E Subcontractor COLSTON Steelwork Contractor MERO UK (Biomes); SNASHALLS (Visitor Centre); PRING & ST HILL (Link)
JOSHUA F. HADDAD | 392498 | Environmental Design | Project Analysis | Tutor Fiona McLean
image shows: The Visitor Centre / Main Entrance [bottom left]; Outdoor Arena [center left]; Biomes; The Core [bottom right]; Gardens & Circulation image source: http://science.howstuffworks.com/conservationists/eden.htm
THE BIOMES
image shows: Interior View of Warm Temperate Biome (Greenhouse) materials: ETFE Thermoplastic; Steel Hex Structure; Vegetation & Reconstructed Soils image source: howstuffworks.com
image shows: Biome Installation & Scale image source: howstuffworks.com (Eden Project website)
image shows: Map of Vegetation & Plant Types image source: The Eden Project (website)
image shows: The Outdoor Gardens & Installation image source: Wikipedia (Eden Project website)
image shows: Steel Hex-Frame image source: Wikipedia (Eden Project website)
SECTIONS
Humid Tropics Biome (1)
Avg. Temp. 24C Avg. Humidity 90%
The Link
The Stage
The Arena
plan source: The Architectural Review, v. 1305, Nov. 2005 (p. 70) diagram overlay: Joshua F. Haddad
The Link
Parking
section source: The Architects Journal, N. 7, V. 213, 22 Feb. 2001 (p. 32)
Built on the South-Facing Slope of a reclaimed clay pit, these climate controlled biomes gain maximum solar exposure. In addition, the innovative ETFE (EthylTetraFluorEthylene) foil - only 1% the weight of glass - actually transmits more UV Light into the greenhouses, allowing them to store more heat. They hold plants from all across the globe.
The natural terracing of the site allowed designers to create a theatre inside. The Steel hex spaceframe has no vertical supports in the center, allowing a maximum footprint for the interior landscaping and bio-diversity. The Link between the two biomes serves as the main entrance, offering shopping, dining, and facilities; this Link is constructed of rammed earth walls and a greenroof (to blend into the surrounding landscape).
image source: The Architects Journal, N. 7, V. 213, 22 Feb. 2001 (pp. 32 - 33) text overlay: Joshua F. Haddad
JOSHUA F. HADDAD | 392498 | Environmental Design | Project Analysis | Tutor Fiona McLean
image shows: Night View; Steel Hex Frame image source: Grimshaw
image shows: Steel Hex Frame & Human Scale image source: howstuffworks.com
MATERIALS According to Grimshaw, all materials connected to the Eden Project have traceable sources. In addition, the project utilizes recycled materials and paper products. The galvanized steel spaceframe and ETFE thermoplastic foil (much lighter than glass) are designed with enormous efficiency - weighing little more than the air contained within the biomes. In addition, regenerated soil & compost add value to a highly decimated site. WIND & VENTILATION The greenhouses require highly regulated climate, temperature & humidity in order to mimic ecologically distinct biomes. However, natural ventilation is still utilized to maintain airflow and allow cooling. Openable triangular windows and side-vents are used on the hexagonal biomes. A triple-layer of thermoplastic foil also allows individual hexagonal pillows to inflate & deflate - regulating internal temperatures. In addition, The Core and The Link both can be naturally ventilated - though temperatures are typically regulated. RADIANT SOLAR ENERGY & LIGHTING As plants are heavily reliant on the sun for growth, lighting was clearly important for the design of the greenhouses and outdoor gardens. The site chosen is on a South-facing slope (climatically advantageous in Cornwall, UK). The ETFE plastic also transmits more light than traditional glass, providing plants more solar exposure, and heating the soil and air to regulate temperatures at night. Solar cells were installed on The Core building to provide most of the energy required for daily use. STRUCTURE & CLADDING The triple layer steel spaceframe is made up of transportable hexagonal, pentagonal, and triangle shells, mimicking Buckminster Fullers geodesic domes. The innovative use of plastic ETFE to replace glass (only 1% the weight) allows the structure to span unsupported vertically opening up a huge volume for planting and biodiversity. Complex modeling programs were also utilized to design for a constantly changing terrain (as this was formerly an active clay quarry) - customizing the sizes and dimensions for each hexagonal pillow. The pieces were able to be constructed separately in modules, and are designed to last about 25 years as technologies and available materials improve. In addition, The Link building is made up of rammed earth walls and a greenroof - making it easier to regulate temperature and control internal climate. MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL SERVICES Working with Colston (M + E Services), the Eden Project actually runs almost entirely on green credit energy. Most of the energy required for The Core building is provided by rooftop solar cells. In addition, energy generated by a nearby windmill farm within the region ensures that much of the energy for the buildings is green. Lighting and air-handling, as mentioned, are highly regulated - both done almost entirely naturally - via Solar Lighting & Radiant Energy. WATER & HYDROLOGY According to Grimshaw, almost all of the water required for this massive project is actually collected and generated on site. Because of the topography and hydrology of the land - a large clay pit - water collection occurs naturally. Because flooding was a huge problem during construction, the design of sumps and recycled water was quickly incorporated into the design. Now, all of the recycled grey water is filtered and used for toilets, irrigation, and plumbing. The core and other structures also have drainage built into the design, making the reuse of water for planting and people a highly efficient feature of the project.
image shows: Biomes Under Construction ; Steel Hex Structure; ETFE Foil; Hex-Pillows image source: howstuffworks.com
image shows: Steel Hex Biome Structure; ETFE Foil; Hex-Pillows; Natural Ventilation image source: Grimshaw text overlay: Joshua F. Haddad
NATURAL VENTILATION
image shows: The Core [foreground] - showing Solar Cells & Natural Ventilation; Biomes image source: The Architectural Review, v. 1305, November 2005 (p. 69).
image shows: Biome Natural Ventilation (openable vents to cool space) image source: Eco Structures (pp. 54 55)
STEEL-FRAME CONSTRUCTION
STRUCTURAL DETAILS
image source: The Architects Journal, N. 7, V. 213, 22 Feb. 2001 (pp. 38 - 39)
JOSHUA F. HADDAD | 392498 | Environmental Design | Project Analysis | Tutor Fiona McLean
above images (3): show The Core design - based on natural plant geometry image source: The Architectural Review, v. 1305, November 2005 (p. 68 - 71).
NIGHT INSTALLATION
image description: Biomes & Link; showing Field of Light installation by Bruce Munro image source: Wikipedia (The Eden Project website)
SCALE OF BIOMES
REFERENCES The architecture of Eden. Hugh Pearman & Andrew Whalley. London : Grimshaw, 2003. Eco Structures : Forms of Sustainable Architecture. Antonino Terranova, Gianpaola Spirito, Sabrina Leone & Leone Spita. Italy : White Star Publishers, 2009 (pp. 48 57). Architects Journal, Number 7, Volume 213, 22 February 2001. Author: Isabel Allen. Article: A Taste of Eden (pp. 30 39). Garten Eden : The structural making of the Eden Domes. Klaus Knebel, Jaime Sanchez-Alvarez & Stefan Zimmermann. Spacefeeling, Germany : MERO GmbH & Co, 2001. The Architectural Review, v. 1305, November 2005. Article: East of Eden (pp. 68 71). WEB REFERENCES http://www.edenproject.com/ http://www.grimshaw-architects.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden_Project http://www.merouk.co.uk/structures/ 2000eden.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/ conservationists/eden.htm
image description: Person Scaling The Biomes; showing Scale, Resilience, & Enormity of Hexagonal Pillows image source: Grimshaw
h t t p : / / w w w. m e r o - t s k . d e / u p l o a d s / t x _ cwtcartoongallery/Eden_Project_english.pdf
JOSHUA F. HADDAD | 392498 | Environmental Design | Project Analysis | Tutor Fiona McLean