RM Impact of Dead Spaces Under The Flyover

Impact of Dead Spaces under a Flyover
Research Methodology
PGDM 2010-12 Batch 2 Trimester II
Chinmay Athaley 62 Jaya Consul 67 Monica Gadhecha 76 Swaraj Hate 78 Romil Khare 86 Praful Khurana 87 Rohan Menon 95 Ashwath Rajan 102
Table of Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. 8.
9.
10.
11.
Executive Summary 1 Introduction to the Project 3 Introduction to the Group 5 The Problem we are addressing 6 Problem Definition 7 Research Methodology 8 Secondary Research 9 Inferences from Secondary Data 16 Primary Research 17 Finding and Analysis 42 Primary Data Inferences and Recommendations 44
12.
13.
Questionnare 46 Bibliography 60
Executive Summary
Flyovers are here to stay. They have become an indispensible part of our day to day lives.
The advent of Flyovers came into Mumbai in the tenure of the Shiv Sena BJP coalition government elected for the 1st time during 1995 to 1999. This was later carried a step forward under the leadership of new Congress Chief Minister Vilasrao Deshmukh and one saw a large number of flyovers projects till 2004 and subsequently has continued with the next government as well and today we have over 50 flyovers in Mumbai city alone. However while we saw such a large number of flyovers, what was not envisaged was the huge creation of dead spaces under the flyover which are not being utilized properly. These spaces have not been planned and thus led to a fragmented and disorganized usage of this space by us. The Government could also benefit by utilizing this space to generate revenue and at the same time benefit the people who have set up their livelihood under the flyover.
Both flyovers and skywalks have become a highly visible feature of Mumbais recent rapid urbanisation. The number of flyovers increased from 13 in 1997 to over 50 by 2009, while the first skywalks were constructed in 2008. Many more projects are ongoing and proposed.
The flux of activity below a flyover in a busy area is tremendous. One could see a conglomeration people under a flyover buying from vegetable vendors, fruit sellers, flower garland sellers etc on a typical festival day. The flyover has an impact on the surrounding area as well. We have seen an instance of Lata Mangeshkar opposing the flyover opposite her house due to reasons cited as lack of privacy and increase in vehicular and noise pollution in the area.
http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_lata-is-firmly-against-flyover_1020111
http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_minister-to-meet-lata-asha-on-peddar-roadflyover-issue_1020391
We also had Amitabh Bachchan express his views against a flyover near his house on his blog. This just goes to show that flyovers have impacted not only the common man but even the most high profile citizens.
Introduction to the Project
With the increase in number of flyovers in Mumbai, the traffic has for sure eased a little. But what also has happened is that it has created a lot of dead spaces below the flyover. Dead Spaces here would mean spaces which are created under a flyover where no planned activity takes place.
Initially since there are no planned activities, these dead spaces end up getting used for a number of other activities involving various people. These activities may broadly include:
1. Hawking (someone who travels selling their merchandise) 2. Vendors (someone who is stationary while selling
their
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
merchandise) Vegetable & fruits market Flower market Encroachments (permanent as well as temporary shelter) Begging Under construction projects having labourers
Additionally these spaces are also used for productive and planned purposes such as :
1. Paid parking lots
2. Space for keeping towed vehicles 3. Long distance taxi stands 4. Government storage rooms 5. Municipal offices 6. Legal outlets under government schemes 7. Public toilets 8. Eateries 9. Beautification Gardens 10.Shops leased or sold under government notifications 11. Police Chowki
We can largely describe the diversity is affected in terms of the following factors:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Variety of people found below the flyover Change in activity depending on the duration of the day Space available Location of the flyover and surrounding environment Accessibility to the spaces below Lighting of areas below the flyover
What is described above could be just be tip of the iceberg. The sheer diversity of the activities and the people below the flyover is just an indication of what we would be covering in our Research Project.
Introduction to the Group

This research project is being undertaken by 8 students of the PGDM course 2010-12 of the Prin. L.N Welingkar Institute of Management Development and Research, Mumbai (aka WeSchool) under the guidance of Prof. Victor Manickam in the subject of Research Methodology (Batch 2 Trimester 2). We call ourselves
Abhiyaan
and our group comprises the following:
Chinmay Athaley (62)
Jaya Consul (67) Monica Gadhecha (76) Swaraj Hate (78) Romil Khare (86) Praful Khurana (87) Rohan Menon (95) Ashwath Rajan (102)
The problem we are addressing

The space below the flyover is in a constant state of flux in terms of the range of activities, duration of the day, type of people and surrounding environment. We would like to explore the various shades and nuances of the space below the flyover in order to gain insights into the way these spaces lead to various activities that arise and also includes possibilities which make an impact on society such that we address :
How we can help improve the utilisation of the dead spaces below a flyover if these spaces were planned and better utilised such that it could result in a Win Win for the government authorities, people below the flyover and the public at large.
Problem definition
Consider the following examples Example 1: As observed under the Dadar West flyover, dead space created under the flyover is used by hawkers who see the space as an excellent opportunity to sell their merchandise.
This results in the gathering of people which in turn can lead to traffic woes and blockage of access way to the nearby railway stations. Example 2: As observed under Kamala Mills flyover, dead space created under the flyover is converted into a parking lot which is creation of real estate in a city starved of parking spaces. The above two examples lead us to direct our research towards two possible lines of thought A. Impact of the flyover dead spaces on the lives of the people who use these spaces. As mentioned above, a variety of people move into the dead space as soon as they are created. Our motivation is to study: i. Who are these people? ii. Where have these people come from? iii. What is their motivation for moving into the dead space? iv. What is the life of these people post migration (below the flyover)? A. Impact of the flyover dead spaces on the real estate The real estate created could be as follows: i. Parking lots ii. Municipal storage rooms iii. Shops Our area of interest in this research project would be to :
Study the impact on lives of the diverse set of people, through the length of the day, under a flyover and find how these dead spaces can be used better.
Research Methodology
According to our selected line of research of studying the lives of people who use the spaces under a flyover, we needed to have comprehensive detail about the peoples day today life pattern and their relationship with the flyover.
So after collecting the required preliminary data from secondary sources we decided to go in for observation so as to see firsthand what all happens and identify the stakeholders involved. After getting this information we were able to identify the flyovers that we were going to target as part of the sample. For primary data collection we went in for structured questionnaire which we administered to our respondents. For finding out all the aspects of their lives we decided to have a mixture of quantitative and qualitative questions. Thus we were able to get the adequate data which enabled us to do the required analysis.
Secondary Research
We looked for various secondary sources available so as to mine as much relevant data as we could get. The purpose behind this was to better understand the scenario currently present with respect to flyovers in Mumbai. It gave a little more clarity to
our thoughts, removed some of the biases that we had and also defined the scope of the research in terms of the stakeholders involved and the way forward. As our primary research was going to be based in Mumbai we limited the scope of the secondary data to flyovers present in Mumbai only. We started with the details about the number of flyovers present in the city and their location. As per our findings there are 52 flyovers currently present in Mumbai with 39 of them being completed and the others are either under construction or the construction work is about to commence. We decided to study the completed flyovers only and thus these 39 flyovers became the population for our research. Then we searched for specific data pertaining to the dimensions of these flyovers. The use of this data was to have an idea about the amount of dead space created due to the construction of a flyover. The data was also required to decide upon the sample that we were going to target for the primary research and also to see the relationship between the size of the flyovers to the kind of activity that takes place and also the number of activities that take place.
About the Flyovers under MSRDC
MSRDC has aimed to alleviate the traffic congestion in the city of Bombay or Mumbai by constructing 50 flyovers.
MSRDC - Project - 50 Flyovers (Mumbai Traffic Improvement Mega - Project) In Mumbai city there is a urgent need to cater for the traffic specially quick entry and exit from the city. The industrialisation and growth of traffic has resulted into congestion which has raised the pollution at various traffic junctions. MSRDC was given the task of improving the current traffic conditions by the Maharashtra Government. MSRDC has aimed to alleviate the traffic congestion in the city of Bombay or Mumbai by constructing 50 flyovers. The attempt is to maintain a highway character of the important roads in the city and also to reduce congestion at key junctions. APPROACH Flyovers are located on major traffic corridors, namely: Sion - Panvel Expressway Western Express Highway Eastern Express Highway Major roads in Mumbai city The flyovers are planned with a corridor development approach. This fast corridor will make it possible to move from Thane, Vashi or Borivali and reach South Mumbai faster. TECHNOLOGY Latest technology used for the construction will make the quality of construction of high standard and also minimize the time factor for the completion. The tender condition for incentive for earlier completion and penalty for delayed construction are helpful in maintaining strict time schedule.
ESTIMATED COST The total cost of project is Rs. 1500 crores which will be financed from resources mobilised through bonds, loans from MMRDA, financial assistance from PWD, MCGM and TMC. By adopting advanced technology, modern machinery and simplified tender procedure, saving is resulted in project cost. Till today 37 flyovers are completed and 2 flyovers works are in progress. Travel time on three highways in Mumbai is reduced by 20 to 25 minutes. To recover the cost of the project, Government of Maharashtra has authorized MSRDC to levy a toll on major roads at five locations in Mumbai. Toll collection work is started in January 2000 after overcoming initial hurdles. MSRDC is getting a revenue of Rs. 70 crores per annum by way of toll in Mumbai. Government of Maharashtra has levied a cess on petrol & diesel in Mumbai region to recover the cost of flyovers. Expected income of Rs. 50 crores per annum will be transferred to MSRDC.
Following is the details about the flyovers present in Mumbai and their dimensions
Length of Flyover Bridge (in metres) Width Length of (in Bridge metres (in metres) )
Sr. No.
Flyover Name
Area(Sq .M)
List of Flyovers where work has been completed: Western Express Highway 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Mahim Junction Kalina Vakola Janata Colony Jogeshwari - Vikroli Link Road Aarey Goregaon Goregaon Mulund Link Road Rani Sati Marg Shantaram Talao Akurli Road Dattapada Road National Park Shiv Vallabh Road Sahar Flyover (through PWD) 670 287 16.5 4735.5 731 700 471 24.2 11398.2 1300 35 670 1427 287 1127 24.2 27273.4
Eastern Express Highway 14 15 16 17 18 Aurora Sion Sion Hospital C.S.T (Kurla) Chheda Nagar 350 681 578 686 702 396 412 22 12 8712 4944 360
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Andheri Ghatkopar Link Road Vikroli Junction Jogeshwari Vikroli Link Road Goregaon Mulund Link Road Nitin Casting Cadbury Golden Dyes 731 1444.4 1444 831 24.2 24.2 24.2 24.2
Sion Panvel Highway 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Chembur Mankhurd Link Road Vashi Nerul junction Konkan Bhavan Kharghar Taloje B.A.R.C. 522 667 388 12 11 4268 729 24.2 736 440 12 5280
Mumbai City Road 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 S.B Marg : Fergusson Road S.B Marg : Elphinstone Road S.B Marg : N.M Joshi Road Dadar Khodadad Circle J.J.Hospital - Bhendi Bazar 874 1233 1233 865 2400 638 1138 1138 13.25 13.25 13.25 17 16.2 8453.5 15078.5 15078.5
2400 J.J Hospital - Crawford Maket Adi Shankaracharya Marg : JVLR (Pawai)
List of Flyovers where work is in progress: Mumbai City Roads 40 41 Adi Shankaracharya Marg : LBS R.C.F. Junction
List of Flyovers where work has not commenced: Western Express Highway 42 43 Kherwadi Santacruz Airport Junction 485 703
Eastern Express Highway 44 Kapurbawadi
Sion Panvel Highway 45 46 Uran Road Kamothe
Mumbai City Roads 47 48 49 50 51 52 Haji Ali S.B. Marg : Connect to Weh Worli Naka Siddhi Vinayak Barfiwala Junction Juhu Airport Subway Length of Flyover Bridge (in metres) 1427 731 670 702 736 Length of Width Bridge (in (in metres) metres ) 1127 471 287 412 440 24.2 24.2 16.5 12 12 Area (in Sq. M) 474.4
Sr. No.
Flyover Name
1 2 3 4 5
Kalina Vakola Goregaon Mulund Link Road Shiv Vallabh Road Chheda Nagar Chembur Mankhurd Link Road
27273.4 11398.2 4735.5 4944 5280
6 7 8 9 10
B.A.R.C. S.B Marg : Fergusson Road S.B Marg : Elphinstone Road
667 874 1233
388 638 1138 1138 150
11 13.25 13.25 13.25 12
4268 8453.5 15078.5 15078.5 1800
1233 S.B Marg : N.M Joshi Road Kavi Keshavsut Dadar(West) 270 Flyover
The length of Flyover Bridge is the complete length of the flyover from one end to the other. The length of bridge is the length which is having open space under it, which is the total length minus the length of the ramp that is normally closed. The last part of the table shows the list of flyover for which we could get the complete information about the dimensions and hence the amount of dead space created. The main source for the above data was the internet. Not all of the information about the dimensions of the flyovers was available on the internet. So for the information not available we approached the concerned authorities but could not get anything additional to what was already given. In order to get as much data as possible we ourselves measured the dimensions of some of the flyovers. We looked at the area that was created as spaces being used by the stakeholders and thus did not focus on the information pertaining to the real estate aspect of the area. Moreover all this information was related to the quantitative aspects of the flyover. But as our objective defines we were emphasizing on the impact of the dead spaces on the lives of the people that are associated with these spaces. Thus we needed to have a detailed qualitative study as well; in addition to the quantitative data available. There was very little of such information available through secondary sources. There were articles in newspapers, magazines, blogs and official publications related to the problem that we were addressing but all of them were personal views and could not be taken as the truth. Never the less these sources gave us some head start about the prevailing situation and acted as reference points for us.
In order to get some more details about the various stakeholders related to a flyover we did some observational research. We went to five flyovers and noted the activities that took place in the spaces created under the flyover. The choice of the flyover was made so as to get as much variety as possible in order to cover a wide variety of activities taking place under the flyovers. Thus we saw the things taking place at various places and at different time of the day so as to see if there was any variation with respect to the time of the day. At this point we did not talk to any of our potential respondents but only observed. This was required because not much secondary data was available related to the situation and thus to get some direction it was very important to go and observe by ourselves the things happening
Sr. No. Flyover Name Observation
Cloths ,flowers, shoe shop, juice shop, restaurant, police station, home for street children, fruit, vegetables, bags, artificial jewellery, goggles, festive decorations, Kavi Keshavsut night centres for street children, mobile Dadar(West) Flyover accessory, opticians, public utilities, milk centre, STD PCO, newspaper, purses, toys, plastic bottles, watches, police station+ parking, dry fruits, panchayat Hon. Jagannath alias Nana Pay & park, beautification Sunkersett Flyover at municipality office Dadar tt Khodadad Circle Sion Hospital Fine Arts, Chembur garden,
3 4
People sleeping, municipality building (under construction), a temporary shed for a guard Public toilet, vegetable market, key maker
Bandra Reclamation Police Chowki, Space for keeping towed flyover extending up to vehicles, beggars & laborers Express Highway
under the flyovers.
Following are some of the observations made by us
The above information helped us to better define the objective of the research and also created questions in our mind. Thus we got direction towards the content, administrative requirements of the questionnaire. designing and the
Inferences from Secondary Data
The amount of dead space created could not be generalized based on the dimensions of the flyover. The area of dead space created varied with the type of flyover (single poll or double poll) The kind of activities that take place, depend on the height of the flyover. Normally the low height flyovers are being used by vendors for selling their items and the flyovers having higher heights are mainly used for parking purposes. The activities are not determined by the length or the width of the flyover. A single flyover is being used for a single primary purpose only. That is, there would be only vendors or only parking under a flyover and there are only exceptions of both being present under the same flyover. This does not apply to the presence of beggars, people who sleep under the flyovers and any other activity.
Primary Research
Observation Sheet : General Questions
Question 1
Where do you stay wrt flyover?
Show No.2 A B C D
Card 13 9 6 17
Under the flyover Less than a Km from flyover Between 1 & 5 Km from flyover More than 5 Km from flyover Single Response
Question 2
How long have you lived here
Show Card No.3 A B C D 12 15 6 12
Less than a year Between 1 & 5 years Between 5 & 10 years More than 10 years Single Response
Question 3
How do you travel to the flyover?
Live under the flyover Walking / Cycle Bus Train Single Response
Question 4 1 to 6 hours
In a day, how many hours do you spend under the flyover?
6 to 12 hours 12 to 18 hours 18 to 24 hours Single Response
Question 5 Parents Children
Who all stay with you?
Husband / Wife Other Multiple Responses
Question 6 With me
Where do your parents live?
Under some other flyover Native place Others Single Response
Question 7
What did your parents do for a living?
Show Card No.8 A 5
Sell under the same flyover
Sell under another flyover Other occupation flyover) Not Working Single Response
0 12 28
(including selling but not under any C D
Question 8 0 1 2 More than 2
How often do you go to your native place in a Show Card No.9 year? A B C D 13 14 12 6
Single Response
Question 9
What do your children do during the day?
Show No.10 A B C D 2 13 4 26
Card
Supporting/Helping in their profession Study at school Playing/Staying at home/ Living with relatives Not Applicable Single Response
Question 10
What do you want your child to become?
Show No.11 A B C D 2 7 7 29
Card
Take up same profession Other Business Doctor/Engineer Other Professions Single Response
Question 11
What do you do in your free time?
Show Card No. A B C D 11 19 5 10
Watch TV / Radio No free time Spend time with family Others Multiple Responses
Question 12 Yes No
Are you a registered voter?
Show Card No.1 A B 26 19
Single Response
Question 13 Yes No
Did any government official approach regarding your activity under flyover?
you Show No.12 A B 5 40
Card
Single Response
Question 14
How long have you been associated with this flyover?
Question 15 Family Friends
How did you come to know about this place?
Show No.13 A B 16 10
Card
Other vendors/beggars/labourers Others Multiple Responses
C D
6 13
Question 16 Yes No
Have you been allocated/ licensed to have a Show Card No.1 shop/building/home under a flyover by any government scheme? A B C 12 22 11
Not Applicable Single Response
Question 17 Yes No
Are you looking to settle here permanently?
Single Response
How many times have you changed the location Show Card No.9 in the past one year from one flyover to another? A B C D 33 3 2 7
Single Response
Question 19
What is your staple diet?
Show Card No.
Dal, Rice Roti, Sabji Non Veg Others Multiple Responses
A B C D
18 9 5 13
Question 20
What health related issues do you have?
Show No.14 A B C D
Card 9 17 1 18
Seasonal ailments/ Epidemics Minor ailments Major ailments No Health issues Single Response
Question 21 Doctor Medications
Do you access the following?
Show No.15 A
Card 3 3 19 9 20
B C D
Medical tests /Clinics / Surgery None of the above Multiple Response from A,B,C possible
Question 22 5 to 10% 10 to 20%
How much part of income do you save
Show No.16 A B C D
Card 5 7 13 20
More than 20% No Savings
Single Response
Question 23
What is your major personal expenditure?
Show No.17 A B C D
Card 5 4 31 5
Children education Shelter Food Other Single Response
Question 24 Yes No
Do you have a bank account?
Single Response
Question 25 House Shops Farms
What kind of property you hold?
Show No.18 A B C D
Card 25 2 7 20
Do not own property Multiple Responses
Question 26 In Mumbai
Where is the location of property you hold?
Show No.19 A B C D
Card 10 9 15 16
In Other parts of Maharashtra In other parts of India Not applicable
Multiple Responses
Question 27 Yes No No toilet
Do you use the toilet under the flyover?
Show No.20 A B C
Card 20 6 19
Single Response
Question 28 Yes No
Do you pay money for using the toilets?
Show Card No.1 A B C 17 4 24
Question 29
How are the toilets being maintained?
Show No.21 A B C D
Card 14 5 2 24
Government Cleaners Private Cleaners Contract Basis Not Applicable Single Response
Question 30 Yes No
Is the toilet that you are using hygienic and Show Card No.1 properly maintained? A B C 15 5 24
Questio n 31 Yes No
Do the people under the flyover interact with the occupants of the vehicles parked under the flyover? A B
Show No.1 12 33
Card
Single Response
Questions to Vendors
Questio n1 Why did you come here to sell? Show Card No.22 A B C D 4 10 5 4
Forced to come here Better opportunity to sell No other option No specific reason Single Response
Questio n2
How long have you sold your items here
Less than a year Between 1 & 5 years Between 5 & 10 years
More than 10 years Single Response
16
Questio n3 Yes No
Are you the first in your family to come under this flyover to sell?
Single Response
Questio n4
What was your previous profession?
Show No.23 A B C D 13 2 1 7
Card
Selling same items Selling other items Not Working Others Single Response
Questio n5
What makes you change the way you work?
Amount of space People around Items being sold Do not change Single Response
Questio n6 1% 3% Over 5%
How much does the location of the flyover Show Card No.25 affect the price of the wares? A B C 0 0 5
No change Single Response
18
Questio n7 Fixed spot
How do you select the spot for selling?
Randomly select Popular spots Based on space available Single Response
Questio n8
Is there an agreement for the usage of space?
Yes, formal agreement Yes, Informal agreement No agreement Unaware Single Response
Questio n9
Why do they sit together?
Safety and security Easier to communicate Common Interests No, they do not sit together Single Response
Questio n 10 Rs.0-500
How much rent do you pay?
Rs.500-1000 More than Rs.1000
I do not pay rent Single Response
21
Questio n 11
Where do you get your materials from?
Same as everyone else Some other place Self produced Single Response
Questio n 12 Self funded
Where did you get the money from to run the Show Card No.31 business? A B C D 17 2 1 3
Borrowed from family / friends Borrowed from money lender Other Source Single Response
Questio n 13 0 1 2
How many more Businesses do you run?
More than 2 Single Response
Questio n 14 0 1 2
How many more locations do you operate your Show Card No.9 business? A B C 21 1 1
Questio n 15 Phone Vehicle Foot
How do you coordinate different locations?
activities between Show No.32 A B C D 2 0 2 6
Card
Questio n 16 Yes No
Would you like to sell the same product if you Show Card No.1 are provided with one more shop under this flyover? A B 15 7
Single Response
Questio n 17
How festivals and events (near the flyover) have Show impact on your business? No.33 A B C 0 1 22
Card
Do not affect Decline Increase Single Response
Questio n 18
Are you availing the following schemes?
Show No.34 A B C 0 0 23
Card
Indira Awas Yojna Maha EGS (Maharashtra Government Employee Guarantee Scheme) Not aware
Multiple Responses
Questions to Beggars
Questio n1 Why did you come here? Show Card No.22 A B C D 1 0 5 3
Forced to come here Better opportunity to beg No other option No specific reason Single Response
Questio n2
How long have you been begging here
Questio n3 Yes No
Are you the first in your family to come under this flyover to beg?
Single Response
Questio n4
Show No.23 A B C 0 4 5
Card
Selling items Not Working Others Single Response
Questio n5 Fixed spot
How do you select the spot for begging?
Question 6
Why do you sit together?
Show No.28 A B
Card 3 0 0 6
Safety and security Easier to communicate Common Interests No, we do not sit together
C D
How many more locations do you operate your Show Card No.9 business? A B C D 7 2 0 0
Question 8 Under 5% Over 5%
How much does the location of the flyover affect your operations?
Show No.25 A B C D
Card 1 0 7 1
Not applicable No change
Single Response
Question 9
How do festivals and events(near the flyover) Show have impact on your business? No.33 A B C
Card 1 0 8
Question 10
Show No.34 A B C
Card 0 0 9
Indira Awas Yojna Maha EGS (Maharashtra Government Employee Guarantee Scheme) Not aware Multiple Responses
Questions to Labourers
Question 1 What was your previous profession? Show No.23 A B C Card 0 3 5
Question 2 Fixed spot
How do you select the spot for stay/living?
Show No.26 A B C D
Card 2 1 2 3
Question 3
Show No.27 A B C D
Card 0 4 4 0
Question 4
Since you live here for construction, where will Show you go when the construction is complete? No.28 A B C D
Card 0 5 0 3
Keep staying here Move to the next construction place Other Do not know Single Response
Question 5
How monsoons have impact on you?
Show No.33 A B C
Card 0 8 0
Questions on Parking
Question 1 0-2 hrs 2-5 hrs In case of parking, what is the usual duration on a Show typical day? No.29 A B Card 3 3
5-12 hrs More than 12 hrs Single Response
C D
0 0
Question 2
How festivals and events(near the flyover) have Show impact on your business? No.33 A B C
Card 2 1 3
Question 3
Show No.23 A B C
Card 0 0 6
Findings and Analysis
Talk with a parking respondent under Dadar East Flyover One of the main observations from the discussion was that they care for their children. The respondent worked in the house of a CA and is quite motivated by the profession and the associated benefits i.e fame and money. His child is studying in 5th class in his native place. He regularly checks his child's performance and makes sure his child is strong in subjects like mathematics. He wants his child to become a CA. He was also inquiring about the government schemes for child's study so that he can support his family better. This reflects the awareness levels of people concerning their childrens education and unavailability/lack of awareness about government/NGO schemes. He was quite frustrated and afraid about the criminal activities happening in the
area because thieves there steal the mirrors and brand logos from the hood of the car. Apart from that drunkards create a mess making the respondents work problematic. From a migrant labourer under Matunga flyover One thing that was a very genuine concern for him was that he would not be welcome in his house when he is old and cannot work. He had no motivation to save money since he had no children. From a clothes vendor under the Dadar West flyover Given a choice he would have loved to continue working on his own rather than be employed by someone, so that he could be independent. They rent their place to others when they go to their native place for vacation. From a Vada Pav vendor under the Dadar West flyover The vendor had a pan card, shop license and other relevant documents to prove ownership of space. He was also allotted place on the first floor in The Hawkers Plaza, but he did not choose to move as he was selling eatable commodity which would not sell at the allocated place. He mentioned that the thieves pay a regular hafta to the local police for not catching them. He had a complaint regarding a gate being closed by the authorities after the Kasab incident. His shop is located next to the gate and the closure has affected his business a lot. There was also a genuine concern that this closure is a problem to elderly as well as pregnant women as they now had to go to extreme ends of Dadar station for the tickets. He had a genuine expectation that our interview would bring about at least a small change in his work life. This was proved further when he came up front and gave his contact details and offered help when needed.
From a Telephone booth / sandwich vendor under the Dadar West flyover The vendor had a licensed agreement with the BMC wherein he used to pay BMC Rs 700 per month as rent. He also had an alternative shop location provided to him by the BMC, in case the flyover was not there in future. Even though the shop space was very small, he hired an associate so that he could have that extra income.
Primary Data Recommendations
Inferences
and
Majority of the people live far away (38%) from the flyover and either travel by train (50%) or walking (50%), moreover all the parking attendants spend more than 10-12 hours working under the flyover and they do not get much of free time. Inferences: They lead a stressed life. Recommendations: Reduce shift timing/duty timings for parking people. 54% of respondents save some part of their income, 64% do not have a bank account. Inferences: The respondents have a poor access to banking system in spite of having money saved. Recommendations: Opportunity for banks to approach this target segment for providing banking services to these people.
59% have some minor/seasonal ailment, 44% have no access to Doctor/Medication. Inference: The respondents do not have access to proper medical facilities but they require the same. Recommendations: Medication facilities could be provided. Inferences: 31% people who have been associated with flyover for more than 10 years are generally 2nd generation entrepreneurs. 54% respondents save some part of their income, 44% do not own their property. Inferences: Even though people have surplus income they do not invest in property. Recommendations: Government could promote housing schemes. 81% of the respondents who have access to the toilet pay for it, at the same time 42% do not have toilet facilities under the flyover. 75% are satisfied with the maintenance and hygiene level. Inferences: The respondents show willingness to pay for the usage of toilets hence by constructing more toilets government can expect more revenue. Recommendations: Scope for adding more toilets for people working/living under the flyover and also adding revenue stream for the government. 96% of the respondents do not want their children to take up their current profession, to that effect more than 68% of their children are going to school. Inferences: This shows that they have aspirations for the career of their children. 91% do not pay any rent to the government and 55% have some saving from their income. Also 91% operate at single location. Inferences: The respondents have the capacity to pay rent but are currently not. Recommendations: Government could levy rent and make these businesses more organized and stable at the same time increase revenues. 100% of the people are not aware about any of the government schemes. Recommendations: The government thus need to communicate effectively with the people so that they can get the benefits from these schemes. For 78% of the vendors, their current business is the only business they are doing. 54% save some part of their income. Inferences: These people have a potential to buy out insurance for their business. Recommendations: Government/Insurance companies could promote insurance facilities for the vendors
Questionnaire
Interviewers Name Interview Date Interview Time to
Good morning/afternoon/evening Sir, I am __________________________________________________ from Prin. L.N. Welingkar Institute of Management Development & Research, Mumbai and conducting a study and survey for a Research Project. Presently the study is being conducted in the city of Mumbai to understand the Impact of Dead Spaces below a Flyover.
Respondent Profile
Name of Respondent Age Flyover Name Area & Pin code Telephone(Residence) Telephone(Mobile) the Mr./Mrs./Ms.
DEMOGRAPHIC DETAILS OF THE RESPONDENT

GENDER Male Female EDUCATION 1. 2. PERSONAL DETAILS Married Unmarried NO. OF 1. 2. FAMILY NO. OF MEMBERS One Two Three EARNING 1. 2. 3.
MEMBERS SSC/HSC Graduate(General) Graduate(Professional) Post Graduate(General) Post Graduate(Professional) Others TYPE OF FAMILY Nuclear Joint Family with parents Living Single 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Ten More than Ten 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Four More than four MOTHER TONGUE Hindi Marathi Gujrati Tamil Malylam Oriya Bihari . Others . 8 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7 4. 5.
Questionnairevvvvv
General Questions
Question 1 Where do you stay wrt flyover? Show Card No.2 A B C D
Under the flyover Less than a Km from flyover Between 1 & 5 Km from flyover More than 5 Km from flyover
Single Response
Question 2
How long have you lived here
Show Card No.3 A B C D
Question 3
How do you travel to the flyover?
Live under the flyover Walking / Cycle Bus Train Single Response
Question 4 1 to 6 hours
In a day, how many hours do you spend under the flyover?
6 to 12 hours 12 to 18 hours 18 to 24 hours Single Response
Question 5 Parents
Who all stay with you?
Show Card No.6 A
Children Husband / Wife Other Multiple Responses
B C D
Question 6 With me
Where do your parents live?
Under some other flyover Native place Others Single Response
Question 7
What did your parents do for a living?
Sell under the same flyover Sell under another flyover Other occupation (including selling but not under any flyover) Not Working Single Response
Question 8 0 1 2
How often do you go to your native place in a Show Card No.9 year? A B C
Question 9
What do your children do during the day?
Show No.10 A B C D
Card
Supporting/Helping in their profession Study at school Playing/Staying at home/ Living with relatives Not Applicable Single Response
Question 10
What do you want your child to become?
Show No.11 A B C D
Card
Take up same profession Other Business Doctor/Engineer Other Professions Single Response
Question 11
What do you do in your free time?
Show Card No. A B C D
Watch TV / Radio No free time Spend time with family Others Multiple Responses
Question 12 Yes
Are you a registered voter?
Show Card No.1 A
No Single Response
Question 13 Yes No
Did any government official approach regarding your activity under flyover?
you Show No.12 A B
Card
Single Response
Question 14
How long have you been associated with this flyover
Question 15 Family Friends
How did you come to know about this place?
Show No.13 A B C D
Card
Other vendors/beggars/labourers Other Multiple Responses
Question 16 Yes No
Have you been allocated/ licensed to have a Show Card No.1 shop/building/home under a flyover by any government scheme? A B
Question 17 Yes No
Are you looking to settle here permanently?
Show Card No.1 A B
Single Response
How many times have you changed the location Show Card No.9 in the past one year from one flyover to another? A B C D
Single Response Question 19 Dal, Rice Roti, Sabji Non Veg Others Multiple Responses What is your staple diet? Show Card No. A B C D
Question 20
What health related issues do you have?
Show No.14 A B C D
Card
Seasonal ailments/ Epidemics Minor ailments Major ailments No Health issues Single Response
Question 21 Doctor Medications
Do you access the following?
Show No.15 A B C D
Card
Medical tests /Clinics / Surgery None of the above Multiple Response from A,B,C possible
Question 22 5 to 10% 10 to 20%
How much part of income do you save
Show No.16 A B C D
Card
More than 20% No Savings Single Response
Question 23
What is your major personal expenditure?
Show No.17 A B C D
Card
Children education Shelter Food Other Single Response
Question 24 Yes No
Do you have a bank account?
Show Card No.1 A B
Single Response
Question 25 House Shops Farms
What kind of property you hold?
Show No.18 A B C D
Card
Do not own property Multiple Responses
Question 26 In Mumbai
Where is the location of property you hold?
Show No.19 A B C D
Card
In Other parts of Maharashtra In other parts of India Not applicable Multiple Responses
Question 27 Yes No No toilet
Do you use the toilet under the flyover?
Show No.20 A B C
Card
Single Response
Question 28 Yes No
Do you pay money for using the toilets?
Show Card No.1 A B
Question 29
How are the toilets being maintained?
Show No.21 A B C D
Card
Government Cleaners Private Cleaners Contract Basis Not Applicable Single Response
Question 30 Yes No
Is the toilet that you are using hygienic and Show Card No.1 properly maintained? A B C
Question 31 Yes No
Do the people under the flyover interact with the Show Card No.1 occupants of the vehicles parked under the flyover? A B
Single Response
Question 32 now?
How different do you see yourself when you first came here and
Question 33
What would you do if flyover is gone / taken away from your life?
Question 34 If you want to change something under this flyover what would it be?
Questions to Vendors
Question 1 Why did you come here to sell? Show No.22 A B Card
Forced to come here Better opportunity to sell
No other option No specific reason Single Response
C D
Question 2
How long have you sold your items here
Question 3 Yes No
Are you the first in your family to come under this Show flyover to sell? No.1 A B
Card
Single Response
Question 4
Show No.23 A B C D
Card
Selling same items Selling other items Not Working Others Single Response
Question 5
What makes you change the way you work?
Show No.24 A B
Card
Amount of space People around
Items being sold Do not change Single Response
C D
How much does the location of the flyover affect the price of the wares?
Show No.25 A B C D
Card
Not applicable No change Single Response Question 7 Fixed spot Randomly select Popular spots Based on space available Single Response How do you select the spot for selling? Show No.26
Card A B C D
Question 8
Show No.27 A B C D
Card
Question 9
Show No.28 A
Card
Safety and security
Easier to communicate Common Interests No, We do not sit together Single Response
B C D
Question 10 Rs.0-500
How much rent do you pay (per month)?
Show No.29 A B C D
Card
Rs.1000-1000 More than Rs.1000 I do not pay rent Single Response
Question 11
Where do you get your materials from?
Show No.30 A B C
Card
Same as everyone else Some other place Self produced Single Response
Question 12 Self funded
Where did you get the money from to run the business?
Show No.31 A B C D
Card
Borrowed from family / friends Borrowed from money lender Other Source Single Response
How many more Businesses do you run?
Single Response
How many more locations do you operate your Show Card No.9 business? A B C D
Single Response
Question 15 Phone Vehicle Foot
How do you coordinate different locations?
activities
between Show No.32 A B C D
Card
Question 16 Yes No
Would you like to sell the same product if you Show Card No.1 are provided with one more shop under this flyover? A B
Single Response
Question 17
Card
Question 18
Show No.34 A B C
Card
Indira Awas Yojna Maha EGS (Maharashtra Government Employee Guarantee Scheme) Not aware Multiple Responses
Questions to Beggars
Question 1 Why did you come here? Show No.22 A B C D Card
Forced to come here Better opportunity to beg No other option No specific reason Single Response
Question 2
How long have you been begging here
Less than a year Between 1 & 5 years Between 5 & 10 years More than 10 years
Single Response
Question 3 Yes No
Are you the first in your family to come under this Show flyover to beg? No.1 A B
Card
Single Response
Question 4
Show No.23 A B C
Card
How do you select the spot for begging?
Show No.26 A B C D
Card
Question 6
Show No.28 A B C D
Card
Safety and security Easier to communicate Common Interests No, we do not sit together Single Response
How many more locations do you operate in?
Single Response
How much does the location of the flyover affect your operations?
Show No.25 A B C D
Card
Not applicable No change Single Response
Question 9
How do festivals and events(near the flyover) Show have impact on your business? No.33 A B C
Card
Question 10
Show No.34 A B C
Card
Indira Awas Yojna Maha EGS (Maharashtra Government Employee Guarantee Scheme) Not aware
Multiple Responses
Questions to Labourers
Question 1 What was your previous profession? Show No.23 A B C Card
How do you select the spot for stay/living?
Show No.26 A B C D
Card
Question
Show
Card
3 Yes, formal agreement Yes, Informal agreement No agreement Unaware Single Response
No.27 A B C D
Question 4
Since you live here for construction, where will Show you go when the construction is complete? No.28 A B C D
Card
Keep staying here Move to the next construction place Other Do not know Single Response
Question 5
How monsoons have impact on you?
Show No.33 A B C
Card
Questions on Parking
Question 1 In case of parking, what is the usual duration on a Show typical day? No.29 Card
0-2 hrs 2-5 hrs 5-12 hrs More than 12 hrs Single Response
A B C D
Question 2
Card
Question 3
Show No.23 A B C
Card
Bibliography
Websites
http://www.msrdc.org/Projects/50flyovers.aspx http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_two-vital-flyovers-in-mumbai-couldsoon-be-ready-for-use_1358175 http://www.verticalurbanism.com/ http://www.newsblogs.co.in/?p=53 http://www.rediff.com/money/2007/mar/22mumbai.htm http://www.projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=11501 kajalkiyer.blogspot.com/2009/03/life-under-flyover.html http://www.hindustantimes.com/Man-found-dead-under-flyover/Article1655894.aspx
http://praja.in/en/blog/dvsquare/2011/01/12/why-all-flyovers-have-unwritten-stops-start-and-enddoesnt-defeat-purpose-f
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Asiad-bus-stand-to-be-shiftedunder-flyover/articleshow/5132967.cms www.youthkiawaaz.com/2008/04/beggary-in-india/ http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=611753
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Impact of Dead Spaces under a Flyover

PGDM 2010-12 Batch 2 Trimester II

Introduction to the Project

Introduction to the Group

and our group comprises the following:

Chinmay Athaley (62)

The problem we are addressing

About the Flyovers under MSRDC

Eastern Express Highway 44 Kapurbawadi

Sion Panvel Highway 45 46 Uran Road Kamothe

27273.4 11398.2 4735.5 4944 5280

B.A.R.C. S.B Marg : Fergusson Road S.B Marg : Elphinstone Road

667 874 1233

388 638 1138 1138 150

11 13.25 13.25 13.25 12

4268 8453.5 15078.5 15078.5 1800

under the flyovers.

Following are some of the observations made by us

Inferences from Secondary Data

Where do you stay wrt flyover?

How long have you lived here

Show Card No.3 A B C D 12 15 6 12

How do you travel to the flyover?

Show Card No.4 A B C D 13 14 2 16

In a day, how many hours do you spend under the flyover?

Show Card No.5 A B C D 2 14 16 13

6 to 12 hours 12 to 18 hours 18 to 24 hours Single Response

Question 5 Parents Children

Who all stay with you?

Show Card No.6 A B C D 12 13 23 14

Husband / Wife Other Multiple Responses

Where do your parents live?

Show Card No.7 A B C D 13 0 20 12

Under some other flyover Native place Others Single Response

What did your parents do for a living?

Show Card No.8 A 5

Sell under the same flyover

(including selling but not under any C D

Question 8 0 1 2 More than 2

What do your children do during the day?

What do you want your child to become?

What do you do in your free time?

Show Card No. A B C D 11 19 5 10

Are you a registered voter?

Show Card No.1 A B 26 19

you Show No.12 A B 5 40

How long have you been associated with this flyover?

Show Card No.3 A B C D 12 15 4 14

Question 15 Family Friends

How did you come to know about this place?

Other vendors/beggars/labourers Others Multiple Responses

Not Applicable Single Response

Are you looking to settle here permanently?

Show Card No.1 A B 16 29

Question 18 0 1 2 More than 2

What is your staple diet?

Show Card No.