Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ΥΠΟΛΟΓΙΣΜΟΣ ΔΙΑΜΗΚΟΥΣ ΑΝΤΟΧΗΣ ΜΕ ΠΕΠΕΡΑΣΜΕΝΑ
ΥΠΟΛΟΓΙΣΜΟΣ ΔΙΑΜΗΚΟΥΣ ΑΝΤΟΧΗΣ ΜΕ ΠΕΠΕΡΑΣΜΕΝΑ
. .
2009
. .
. .
.
.
(..) .
..
.
.
,
, .
, - ,
, :
(bulk carrier)
3-200,
.
, 1
,
.
, .
, 2 3
:
2: -
(Common Structual RulesC.S.R.) (International Association of
Classification Societies I.A.C.S.)
3:
ALGOR
u
.
(-) .
- C.S.R.- I.A.C.S.,
- .
,
. ,
:
VII
( )
(-) -
.
-
ALGOR - .
3-200
,
.
- .
, 4
. ,
( 3-200)
bulk-carrier
.
sagging.
,
.
VIII
VII
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4.1
1.4.2 - -
1.4.3
10
1.5
11
1.6
14
1.6.1
15
1.6.2
15
1.6.3
17
1.7
18
1.8
21
1.9
24
1.9.1
25
1.9.2
28
1.9.3
30
1.9.4
32
1.10
33
2
I.A.C.SC.S.R.
2.1
37
2.2
38
2.3
38
2.4
41
2.5
44
2.6
46
2.6.1
2.7
2.8
2.6.2
46
2.6.3 -
47
CSR
51
2.7.1 -
55
CSR
BULK- CARRIER
57
2.8.1 BULK-CARRIER
58
2.8.2
58
2.8.3 -
59
2.8.4 -
62
2.8.5
2.8.6 -
64
2.9
46
72
75
77
CSR
2.9.1
3-200
3-200
79
80
2.9.2
81
2.9.3
82
2.9.4
82
2.9.5 -
84
2.9.6 - 3-200
86
2.9.7 - 3-200
87
2.10 - 2
88
3
3.1
90
3.2
91
3.2.1
92
3.2.2
96
3.2.3
99
3.2.4
101
3.2.5
(SKYLINE ALGORITHM)
103
3.2.6 SPARSE
105
3.3
K LGOR
106
3.4
ALGOR
113
3.4.1
114
117
124
127
3-200
131
3.5.1 1:
137
3.5.2 2:
144
3.5.3 3:
147
3.5.4 4:
151
3.5.5 5:
SUPPORTING DEVICES
155
3.5.6.
158
3.6
160
3.7
BULK CARRIER
163
3.71
163
BULK CARRIER
3.7.2
3.8
175
- 3
187
4.1
177
4.2
- 4
179
181
-- C.S.R.
183
C.S.R.
195
CSR
211
219
225
BULK-CARRIER
231
239
245
1
(
),
.
.
1.1
,
, ,
.
,
(material elastic limit) .
, (load-carrying capacity) ,
(local
yielding) (elastic buckling)
. ,
(linear stress analysis).
, ,
. ,
1:
.
(non linear analysis) .
(nonlinear finite elements analysis), -
.
1.2
(ultimate strength) (hull)
(bending moment) u
.
, , ,
sagging hogging, MUS MUH
(curvature) ( 1.1).
1.1- -
1:
,
(
),
dM / dx .
sagging hogging .
1.3
.
.
Caldwell (1965)
,
, Faulkner (1965)
.
Smith
(1977), - (load
shortening curves)
.
,
Smith
:
, :
o
o
, :
o (Linear Method)
o (Empirical Formulas)
o (..-Analytical Method)
1:
.
.
,
.
. :
(F.E.M.), Smith
1:
, Guedes Soares
I.S.U.M.
Ueda Rashed (1984).
(..
) ( I.S.U.M.)
(nodes).
I.S.U.M. - (I.S.U.M. beam-column unit)
(attached plate) (plate
unit)
. .
, I.S.U.M.
.
.
,
.
1.4. -
,
.
(Ship Shaped Floating Production and
Offloading PlatformsShip Shaped F.P.S.O.s), ,
.
:
5
1:
. ,
,
( ) .
,
.
-
.
1.4.1
,
.
(
), ,
.
, (bottom slamming) ,
, , ..
(static loading), (..
6
1:
, , ..) (dynamic
loading).
.
,
, .
( ).
-
(quasi-static)
(scantling approach) .
1.4.2 - -
. (transverse section)
.
,
(solid water). ,
(global)
(local) .
1.2 - (quasi-static loading)
(midship section) (ends) .
(load curve)
.
(shear forces) (bending moments).
: (normal stresses) (shear
stresses)
.
1:
, (longitudinal bending)
(compression) (tension)
(neutral axis) .
1.2-
( )
Poisson ( )
:
8
1:
=M
M + MW
y
M
max =
= S
I
SM
SM
y
, S.M.
, MS MW .
,
,
.
(main deck).
.
.
(.. ) ,
(buckling) - (progressive
elasto-plastic collapse) .
(crack).
,
( 1.1,1.2).
1:
1.2-
,
.
1.4.3
:
(dynamic response) .
- .
,
(hydro-elastic theory)
.
.
:
(springing)
(longitudinal vibrations)
. (heave)
10
1:
( 2 sec).
, ,
.
.
0
(
(pitch), (roll)) .
.
.
.
,
.
.
2.0.
1.5 -
, ,
,
(, ) .
, ,
(
), (buckling).
- , (local
11
1:
buckling) .
,
,
.
, 1.3.
,
(hydrostatic loading)
(cargo weight)
(structure weight) (machinery weight).
.
1.3-
,
.
,
.
(Euler theory),
,
,
, Pcr.
12
1:
, .
,
,
1.3.
1.4- Euler
1.5
. ,
(double bottom girders)
.
,
.
,
(primary stresses),
(secondary stresses)
(tertiary stresses).
,
.
13
1:
1.5-
.
,
,
,
. ,
.
.
1.6
,
.
.
(shear lag)
.
14
1:
1.6.1
,
.
.
1.6.2
1.6
.
( 1.6)
.
1.6-
15
1:
,
( 1.7)
1.7-
.
.
1.8-
16
1:
1.7
.
1.9- be
, (section
modulus) ,
(effective breadth)
( )
.
.
.
1.6.3
,
.
.
.
.
.
17
1:
1.9-
1.7
.1.11 1.12
, . 1.11
,
.
,
. ,
() .
,
. ,
. ,
, .
,
.
1.11 3 (post-buckling
behavior) .
.
18
1:
2 1.11
. ,
, .
. ,
2
.
1.11-
.
.
, ,
, Euler.
.
,
()
19
1:
.
, 4 1.10
1.11 .
(snap
buckling), .
,
,
, . ,
( ) ,
(
). ,
.
1.12-
1.12
(bifurcation).
,
, .
20
1:
. (
- 4, 1.11),
.
,
,
, .
, . ,
- .
.
,
. ,
.
, ,
.
1.8
(columns)
.
, (column
theory) (beam-column)
.
,
,
.
21
1:
,
.
-
.
.
,
,
. ,
, .
.
18 , (uler):
Pcr =
k 2
l2
1.13. , Pcr
() , (modulus of
elasticity Youngs modulus), I (moment of inertia)
, l k
.
1.13- -Euler
22
1:
, k,
(cr=Pcr/A).
. ,
,
.
( 1.14).
. ,
,
.
1.14-
, uler,
1.13.
4 1.11.
,
,
,
.
( 2,5 3,0).
23
1:
.
. .
,
.
. ,
:
,
.
, .. .
, ,
.
, .
1.9
.
1.15-
24
1:
.
(-global) .
1.16-
,
.
,
.
1.9.1
(.. )
(stiffeners)
(transverse)
.
,
.
. ,
,
25
1:
,
.
1.17-
( )
,
.
.
,
.
1.18
, .
.
,
26
1:
.
.
,
.
1.18-
: w , t , p
, pu , , b ( ), D
, Poisson
1.17
.
, .
27
1:
, ,
. 1.18
.
,
, ,
.
, ,
,
.
, .
.
(long plate theory),
, .
( )
(plane stress states).
,
.
.
1.9.2
.
,
.
,
.
.
28
1:
, ,
.
.
(mode of failure) ,
,
(b/t)
(boundary conditions). 80,
. ,
, -.
.
,
, ,
.
,
.
1.19 ,
.
,
- .
15-20% ,
.
-
( ,
).
()
,
.
29
1:
1.19-
, ,
, .
,
.
,
,
. , ,
.
1.9.3
(stiffeners),
.
,
.
1.5 , .
,
( girders) .
30
1:
1.20-
(transverse bulkheads),
, ()
.
,
.
,
. ,
.
, , ,
,
.
(crack) .
,
(.. ), (
, ) . ,
.
. , ,
, ,
.
.
,
.
31
1:
,
.
.
,
,
.
.
1.9.4
, .
, .
,
.
(longitudinal stiffening)
.
(p
) (s
) s=k A p 0,2<k<0,4.
,
.
, ,
.
, .
( ),
.
32
1:
1.10
1.21
.
1.21-
() (failure modes)
:
I:
- I-1:
( 1.20)
- I-2:
( 1.20)
II:
( 1.21)
III :
- ( 1.22)
IV:
( 1.23)
V :
tripping ( 1.24)
VI:
I
.
. .
33
1:
.
( )
/ . I-1
-, I-2
.
1.22-
.
II
, ,
.
/ () (stocky)
.
1.23- .
34
1:
III
.
, .
1.24- -
IV, V ,
, /
.
1.25-
35
1:
V
(lateral-torsional buckling tripping)
. IV
.
1.26- tripping
VI (slenderness)
/
.
()
,
.
36
2
I.A.C.SC.S.R.
(C.S.R.),
.
2.1
(Common Structural Rules for
Steel Vessels)
(International Association of Classification Societies-I.A.C.S.) 1 2008.
C.S.R.
:
(bulk carrier)
3-200,
(
.15).
H
C.S.R. A,
, .
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
2.2
, sagging hogging,
( 2.1).
2.1-
hogging
sagging.
.
2.3 -
(structural elements)
tas_built
tnet_offered
:
tnet_offered= tas_built - 0.5 tC
tC .
tC, mm,
, . :
38
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
tC=Roundup0.5(tC1+tC2)+0.5
tC=Roundup0.5(2tC1)+0.5
tC1, tC2
2.1.
tC , , 2
mm .
C.S.R. (net
scantlings approach)
.
39
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
2.1-
C.S.R. , ,
,
2.2.
40
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
2.2- .
, C.S.R. ,
.
50%
, 0.5 mm,
(2.5 ).
2.4
-
2.3.
,
.
. i
i, i, i
i.
41
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
2.3-
i-1 .
.
(strain)
,
.
42
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
sagging
(),
(). hogging
( 2.4)
H
- (load end-shortening curve)
- (non linear elasto-plastic domain).
,
,
- .
.
, i
, i
.
:
1
43
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
(
1%
):
zD - m
i= zi i
zNA
: ii= jj i- , j-
)
. ,
4.
2.5
:
(transverse web)
44
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
( 2.5). :
/
-
() (failure modes)
H
F, m-1, hogging sagging :
1,2 :
F -,
.
2.5-
45
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
2.6 -
-
C.S.R.
.
, ,
.
2.6.1
( 2.2):
-
-
2.2-
2.6.2
(hard corners)
- ( ).
, .
: (bilge
strake), (shear strake), (deck
stringer elements), (girder
deck connections) (face plate-web
connections) ( 2.5,2.6).
46
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
2.6-
2.6.3 -
- :
- -
( ),
( 2.7 1
2.8).
2.7- -
- -
47
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
2 2.8. j/Y=1.
- ,
(shear lag)
(effective breadth)
=j/ ( ),
- ( 2 2.8)
.
2.8- 2:- .
Y -yield
,
.
2.9- s ,
tp bE
48
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
(slenderness
ratio)
.
b:
Mansour (1977) (
2.10) . .
2.10- be Mansour
bE1 :
,
( Euler)
Johnson-Ostenfeld (
2.11).
49
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
2.11-
Johnson-Ostenfeld
C.S.R.
Y.
.
, .
b , (ch.6, ap.1 ,par. 1.1.1 / C.S.R. /
Bulk-Carriers)
b( 2.12):
2.12-
50
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
2.7 C.S.R.
Microsoft
Excel.
, -
- ( -)
.
2.13- -
51
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
(incremental-iterative
approach.xls),
i , -
j j
j i
, , ij
ij.
2.14-
52
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
ij
.
Excel ,
.
H -Ctrl+shift+F
j (j=0,1,2,150)
j, j
j.
,
-.
53
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
2.15- -
54
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
2.7.1 -
-, .
-
- .
-
I.A.C.S./Rules Change Notice No 1/November 2007,
- .
, -
(bulk-carriers load end-shortening curves.xls)
2.16.
55
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
56
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
2.8
CSR
BULK- CARRIER
bulk carrier 48.170 MT.
-
.
.
-
.
(o 2, 4 Hold)
(No 3 Hold).
57
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
2.8.1 BULK-CARRIER
C.S.R. 2.3
.
2.3-
2.8.2
77 ( 2.17) , 63
, 13 1
.
58
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
2.17-
2.8.3 -
,
AH,AH-36,DH-36.
2.18-
59
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
2.19- bulk-carrier
,
C.S.R.
60
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
2.20- C.S.R.
.. (inverted
angle type stiffeners)
C.S.R. :
ef = dw - 0.5 tf
C.S.R.
ReH (minimum yield stress)
:
MATERIALS
2
MARK
EXPLANATION
material factor k
NO
MARK
GRADE KA STEEL
235
AH
315
0.78
AH-36
355
0.72
DH-36
355
0.68
2.4-
(SE 28, 40,
41)
.
61
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
2.21- .
-
2.8.4 -
H
2.22.
2.22-
,
(bilge strake)
2.23.
O
2.5.
62
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
2.23-
C, (degree of fixation)
.
2.5-
-O.A.
.
.
63
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
2.8.5
..
4
104.9
104928921048551.0
I(m )
:
ZNA (mm):
I (m ):
6431
I(mm )
104.9
2
ai (mm )
1183151.0
sin
cos
ai*hi*hi
2
(mm )
total
corrosion
addition
tC(mm)
ai*hi
2
(mm )
i
218453228935.0
roundup0,5
ai*hi*hi
101185458925197.0
roundup
ai*hi
7609386383.6
i
i
hi (mm)
15.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
1155
3190
3190
3190
1.7
1.7
1.7
2.2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2.5
2.50
2.50
2.50
3.00
14.3
13.3
13.3
13
1155
3190
3190
3190
0
0
0
0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16458.8
42267.5
42267.5
41470.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
278512.9
618382.3
618382.3
584035.8
bottom plate
inn.bott.plate
inn.bott.plate
inn.bott.plate
inn.bott.plate
hopper plate
hopper plate
bildge strake vert.part
bildge strake hor.part
bildge strake R=1800
side plate
side plate
side plate
sheer plate
deck plate
deck plate
14.5
18
18
18
18
15.5
15
15
15
15
14
14
14.5
16
22
22
3290
1155
3490
3690
3690
2985
2815
299
299
2826
3930
3390
3940
3280
3822
3158
2.2
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.9
4.9
5.4
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.7
3.5
3.5
2.7
3.4
3.4
3
5
5
5
5
5
6
3
3
3
3
4
4
3
4
4
2.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
5
5
5.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
3
3.5
3.5
3
3.5
3.5
3.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.50
5.50
6.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.00
3.50
4.00
4.00
13
15.5
15.5
15.5
15.3
12.8
12
13.5
13.5
13.5
12.3
12
12.5
14.3
20
20
3290
1155
3490
3690
3690
2985
2815
299
299
2826
3930
3390
3940
3280
3822
3158
0
0
0
0
0
45
45
0
90
45
90
90
90
90
3.0
3.0
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.707
0.707
0.000
1.000
0.707
0.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.052
0.052
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.707
0.707
1.000
0.000
0.707
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.999
0.999
0.0
1740.0
1740.0
1740.0
1740.0
2795.2
4845.5
0.0
1950.0
655.0
4075.0
7735.0
11400.0
15010.0
16650.0
16832.5
42770.0
17902.5
54095.0
57195.0
56272.5
38058.8
33780.0
4036.5
4036.5
38151.0
48142.5
40680.0
49250.0
46740.0
76440.0
63160.0
0.0
31150350.0
94125300.0
99519300.0
97914150.0
106381722.9
163680905.6
0.0
7871175.0
24988905.0
196180687.5
314659800.0
561450000.0
701567400.0
1272723198.9
1063142173.6
0.0
54201609000.0
163778022000.0
173163582000.0
170370621000.0
297357925764.7
793115418640.3
0.0
15348791250.0
16367732775.0
799436301562.5
2433893553000.0
6400530000000.0
10530526674000.0
21190794624168.7
17895365440372.2
602344.2
358423.0
1083027.0
1145091.6
1090572.8
14118673900.3
11144667821.0
61304.3
30072242.3
11809800000.0
0.0
38958194295.2
63711401264.9
41903941427.2
257154323.6
145729654.1
21
19
600
3.5
3.5
4.00
17
600
90
1.000
0.000
16615.1
10200.0
169474223.5
2815834551605.6
305999806.0
22
23
19
16.5
2045
2990
3.5
3.5
4
4
3.5
3.5
4.00
4.00
17
14.5
2045
2990
30
30
0.500
0.500
0.866
0.866
15851.3
14592.5
34765.0
43355.0
551068706.3
632657837.5
8735127829945.3
9232059493718.8
3026762145.7
8068105019.5
item i description
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
bottom
bottom
bottom
bottom
64
plate
plate
plate
plate
as built
dimensions
(mm)
tC1+tC2
or
2tC1
item
net
dimensions
(mm)
I
2
ai (mm )
i
4
(mm )
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
24
25
26
27
28
15
11
11
11
11
2990
1740
1740
1740
1740
3
1.4
1.4
1.9
2.4
3
2
2
2
3
3
1.5
1.5
2
2.5
3.50
2.00
2.00
2.50
3.00
13.3
10
10
9.75
9.5
2990
1740
1740
1740
1740
30
90
90
90
90
0.500
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
13097.5
870.0
870.0
870.0
870.0
39617.5
17400.0
17400.0
16965.0
16530.0
518890206.3
15138000.0
15138000.0
14759550.0
14381100.0
6796164476359.4
13170060000.0
13170060000.0
12840808500.0
12511557000.0
7372057966.4
4390017216.1
4390017216.1
4280266785.7
4170516355.3
29
236
3.4
3.5
4.00
236
93.0
0.999
-0.052
16495.0
1652.0
27249740.0
449484461300.0
7647153.3
30
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
3.0
0.052
0.999
16373.0
1080.0
17682840.0
289521139320.0
14919.3
31
236
3.4
3.5
4.00
236
93.0
0.999
-0.052
16558.0
1652.0
27353816.0
452924485328.0
7647153.3
32
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
3.0
0.052
0.999
16436.0
1080.0
17750880.0
291753463680.0
14919.3
33
236
3.4
3.5
4.00
236
93.0
0.999
-0.052
16632.0
1652.0
27476064.0
456981896448.0
7647153.3
34
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
3.0
0.052
0.999
16510.0
1080.0
17830800.0
294386508000.0
14919.3
35
236
3.4
3.5
4.00
236
93.0
0.999
-0.052
16706.0
1652.0
27598312.0
461057400272.0
7647153.3
36
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
3.0
0.052
0.999
16585.0
1080.0
17911800.0
297067203000.0
14919.3
37
236
3.4
3.5
4.00
236
93.0
0.999
-0.052
16781.0
1652.0
27722212.0
465206439572.0
7647153.3
38
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
3.0
0.052
0.999
16659.0
1080.0
17991720.0
299724063480.0
14919.3
39
236
3.4
3.5
4.00
236
93.0
0.999
-0.052
16855.0
1652.0
27844460.0
469318373300.0
7647153.3
40
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
3.0
0.052
0.999
16733.0
1080.0
18071640.0
302392752120.0
14919.3
41
236
3.4
3.5
4.00
236
93.0
0.999
-0.052
16929.0
1652.0
27966708.0
473448399732.0
7647153.3
42
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
3.0
0.052
0.999
16807.0
1080.0
18151560.0
305073268920.0
14919.3
43
236
3.4
3.5
4.00
236
93.0
0.999
-0.052
17003.0
1652.0
28088956.0
477596518868.0
7647153.3
65
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
44
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
3.0
0.052
0.999
16882.0
1080.0
18232560.0
307802077920.0
14919.3
45
HL-20 web
250x90x9/14 IA
236
2.4
2.5
3.00
7.5
236
60
0.866
0.500
13265.0
1770.0
23479050.0
311449598250.0
6159669.9
46
HL-20 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
2.4
2.5
3.00
12.5
90
30
0.500
0.866
13389.0
1125.0
15062625.0
201673486125.0
200658.9
47
HL-19 web
250x90x9/14 IA
236
2.4
2.5
3.00
7.5
236
60
0.866
0.500
13665.0
1770.0
24187050.0
330516038250.0
6159669.9
48
HL-19 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
2.4
2.5
3.00
12.5
90
30
0.500
0.866
13789.0
1125.0
15512625.0
213903586125.0
200658.9
49
HL-18 web
200x90x9/14 IA
186
3.4
3.5
4.00
186
60
0.866
0.500
14043.0
1302.0
18283986.0
256762015398.0
2814854.8
50
HL-18 flange
200x90x9/14 IA
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
30
0.500
0.866
14146.0
1080.0
15277680.0
216118061280.0
191805.4
51
HL-17 web
200x90x9/14 IA
186
3.4
3.5
4.00
186
60
0.866
0.500
14443.0
1302.0
18804786.0
271597524198.0
2814854.8
52
HL-17 flange
200x90x9/14 IA
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
30
0.500
0.866
14546.0
1080.0
15709680.0
228513005280.0
191805.4
53
HL-16 web
200x90x9/14 IA
186
3.4
3.5
4.00
186
60
0.866
0.500
14843.0
1302.0
19325586.0
286849672998.0
2814854.8
54
HL-16 flange
200x90x9/14 IA
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
30
0.500
0.866
14946.0
1080.0
16141680.0
241253549280.0
191805.4
55
HL-15 web
200x90x9/14 IA
186
3.4
3.5
4.00
186
60
0.866
0.500
15243.0
1302.0
19846386.0
302518461798.0
2814854.8
56
HL-15 flange
200x90x9/14 IA
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
30
0.500
0.866
15346.0
1080.0
16573680.0
254339693280.0
191805.4
57
HL-14 web
200x90x9/14 IA
186
3.4
3.5
4.00
186
60
0.866
0.500
15643.0
1302.0
20367186.0
318603890598.0
2814854.8
58
HL-14 flange
200x90x9/14 IA
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
30
0.500
0.866
15746.0
1080.0
17005680.0
267771437280.0
191805.4
59
HL-13 web
200x90x9/14 IA
186
3.4
3.5
4.00
186
60
0.866
0.500
16043.0
1302.0
20887986.0
335105959398.0
2814854.8
60
HL-13 flange
200x90x9/14 IA
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
30
0.500
0.866
16146.0
1080.0
17437680.0
281548781280.0
191805.4
61
HL-01 web
250x90x12/16 IA
12
234
2.4
2.5
3.00
10.5
234
45
0.707
0.707
2223.0
2457.0
5461911.0
12141828153.0
5612477.4
66
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
62
HL-01 flange
250x90x12/16 IA
16
90
2.4
2.5
3.00
14.5
90
45
0.707
0.707
2108.0
1305.0
2750940.0
5798981520.0
451528.2
63
HL-02 web
250x90x9/14 IA
236
3.4
3.5
4.00
236
45
0.707
0.707
2788.0
1652.0
4605776.0
12840903488.0
3834063.9
64
HL-02 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
45
0.707
0.707
2673.0
1080.0
2886840.0
7716523320.0
370694.9
65
HL-03 web
250x90x9/14 IA
236
3.4
3.5
4.00
236
45
0.707
0.707
3353.0
1652.0
5539156.0
18572790068.0
3834063.9
66
HL-03 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
45
0.707
0.707
3238.0
1080.0
3497040.0
11323415520.0
370694.9
67
HL-04web
250x90x9/14 IA
236
3.4
3.5
4.00
236
45
0.707
0.707
3919.0
1652.0
6474188.0
25372342772.0
3834063.9
68
HL-04 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
45
0.707
0.707
3804.0
1080.0
4108320.0
15628049280.0
370694.9
69
HL-05 web
250x90x9/14 IA
236
3.4
3.5
4.00
236
45
0.707
0.707
4485.0
1652.0
7409220.0
33230351700.0
3834063.9
70
HL-05 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
45
0.707
0.707
4369.0
1080.0
4718520.0
20615213880.0
370694.9
71
SL-01 web
250x90x9/14 IA
236
2.4
2.5
3.00
7.5
236
0.000
1.000
1740.0
1770.0
3079800.0
5358852000.0
8296.9
72
SL-01 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
2.4
2.5
3.00
12.5
90
90
1.000
0.000
1695.0
1125.0
1906875.0
3232153125.0
759374.5
73
SL-02 web
250x90x9/14 IA
236
3.4
3.5
4.00
236
0.000
1.000
2540.0
1652.0
4196080.0
10658043200.0
6745.7
74
SL-02 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
90
1.000
0.000
2495.0
1080.0
2694600.0
6723027000.0
728999.5
75
SL-03 web
250x90x9/14 IA
236
3.4
3.5
4.00
236
0.000
1.000
3340.0
1652.0
5517680.0
18429051200.0
6745.7
76
SL-03 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
90
1.000
0.000
3295.0
1080.0
3558600.0
11725587000.0
728999.5
77
SL-04 web
250x90x9/14 IA
236
3.4
3.5
4.00
236
0.000
1.000
4140.0
1652.0
6839280.0
28314619200.0
6745.7
78
SL-04 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
90
1.000
0.000
4095.0
1080.0
4422600.0
18110547000.0
728999.5
79
SL-16 web
250x90x9/14 IA
236
3.4
3.5
4.00
236
0.000
1.000
14150.0
1652.0
23375800.0
330767570000.0
6745.7
67
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
80
SL-16 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
90
1.000
0.000
14105.0
1080.0
15233400.0
214867107000.0
728999.5
81
SL-17 web
250x90x9/14 IA
236
3.4
3.5
4.00
236
0.000
1.000
14950.0
1652.0
24697400.0
369226130000.0
6745.7
82
SL-17 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
90
1.000
0.000
14905.0
1080.0
16097400.0
239931747000.0
728999.5
83
SL-18 web
250x90x9/14 IA
236
3.4
3.5
4.00
236
0.000
1.000
15750.0
1652.0
26019000.0
409799250000.0
6745.7
84
SL-18 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
3.4
3.5
4.00
12
90
90
1.000
0.000
15705.0
1080.0
16961400.0
266378787000.0
728999.5
85
236
1.4
1.5
2.00
236
90
1.000
0.000
118.0
1888.0
222784.0
26288512.0
8762831.8
86
BL&TL-01 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
1.4
1.5
2.00
13
90
0.000
1.000
243.0
1170.0
284310.0
69087330.0
16477.5
87
236
1.4
1.5
2.00
236
90
1.000
0.000
118.0
1888.0
222784.0
26288512.0
8762831.8
88
BL&TL-02 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
1.4
1.5
2.00
13
90
0.000
1.000
243.0
1170.0
284310.0
69087330.0
16477.5
89
236
1.4
1.5
2.00
236
90
1.000
0.000
118.0
1888.0
222784.0
26288512.0
8762831.8
90
BL&TL-03 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
1.4
1.5
2.00
13
90
0.000
1.000
243.0
1170.0
284310.0
69087330.0
16477.5
91
236
1.4
1.5
2.00
236
90
1.000
0.000
118.0
1888.0
222784.0
26288512.0
8762831.8
92
BL&TL-05 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
1.4
1.5
2.00
13
90
0.000
1.000
243.0
1170.0
284310.0
69087330.0
16477.5
93
236
1.4
1.5
2.00
236
90
1.000
0.000
118.0
1888.0
222784.0
26288512.0
8762831.8
94
BL&TL-06 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
1.4
1.5
2.00
13
90
0.000
1.000
243.0
1170.0
284310.0
69087330.0
16477.5
95
236
1.4
1.5
2.00
236
90
1.000
0.000
118.0
1888.0
222784.0
26288512.0
8762831.8
96
BL&TL-07 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
1.4
1.5
2.00
13
90
0.000
1.000
243.0
1170.0
284310.0
69087330.0
16477.5
97
236
1.4
1.5
2.00
236
90
1.000
0.000
118.0
1888.0
222784.0
26288512.0
8762831.8
68
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
98
BL&TL-08 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
1.4
1.5
2.00
13
90
0.000
1.000
243.0
1170.0
284310.0
69087330.0
16477.5
99
236
2.4
2.5
3.00
7.5
236
90
1.000
0.000
118.0
1770.0
208860.0
24645480.0
8215154.8
100
BL&TL-10 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
2.4
2.5
3.00
12.5
90
0.000
1.000
243.0
1125.0
273375.0
66430125.0
14648.4
101
236
2.4
2.5
3.00
7.5
236
90
1.000
0.000
118.0
1770.0
208860.0
24645480.0
8215154.8
102
BL&TL-11flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
2.4
2.5
3.00
12.5
90
0.000
1.000
243.0
1125.0
273375.0
66430125.0
14648.4
103
BL&TL -12web
250x90x9/14 IA
236
2.4
2.5
3.00
7.5
236
90
1.000
0.000
118.0
1770.0
208860.0
24645480.0
8215154.8
104
BL&TL-12 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
2.4
2.5
3.00
12.5
90
0.000
1.000
243.0
1125.0
273375.0
66430125.0
14648.4
105
236
2.4
2.5
3.00
7.5
236
90
1.000
0.001
118.0
1770.0
208860.0
24645480.0
8215154.8
106
BL&TL-13 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
2.4
2.5
3.00
12.5
90
0.000
1.000
243.0
1125.0
273375.0
66430125.0
14648.4
107
BL&TL -14web
250x90x9/14 IA
236
2.4
2.5
3.00
7.5
236
90
1.000
0.000
118.0
1770.0
208860.0
24645480.0
8215154.8
108
BL&TL-14 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
2.4
2.5
3.00
12.5
90
0.000
1.000
243.0
1125.0
273375.0
66430125.0
14648.4
109
236
2.4
2.5
3.00
7.5
236
90
1.000
0.000
118.0
1770.0
208860.0
24645480.0
8215154.8
110
BL&TL-16 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
2.4
2.5
3.00
12.5
90
0.000
1.000
243.0
1125.0
273375.0
66430125.0
14648.4
111
BL&TL -17web
250x90x9/14 IA
236
2.4
2.5
3.00
7.5
236
90
1.000
0.000
118.0
1770.0
208860.0
24645480.0
8215154.8
112
BL&TL-17 flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
2.4
2.5
3.00
12.5
90
0.000
1.000
243.0
1125.0
273375.0
66430125.0
14648.4
113
BL&TL -18web
250x90x9/14 IA
236
2.4
2.5
3.00
7.5
236
90
1.000
0.000
118.0
1770.0
208860.0
24645480.0
8215154.8
114
BL&TL-18flange
250x90x9/14 IA
14
90
2.4
2.5
3.00
12.5
90
0.000
1.000
243.0
1125.0
273375.0
66430125.0
14648.4
115
10
235
1.4
1.5
2.00
235
90
1.000
0.000
1622.5
2115.0
3431587.5
5567750718.8
9733400.1
69
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
116
15
90
1.4
1.5
2.00
14
90
0.000
1.000
1497.5
1260.0
1886850.0
2825557875.0
20580.0
117
10
235
1.4
1.5
2.00
235
90
1.000
0.000
1622.5
2115.0
3431587.5
5567750718.8
9733400.1
118
15
90
1.4
1.5
2.00
14
90
0.000
1.000
1497.5
1260.0
1886850.0
2825557875.0
20580.0
119
10
235
1.4
1.5
2.00
235
90
1.000
0.000
1622.5
2115.0
3431587.5
5567750718.8
9733400.1
120
15
90
1.4
1.5
2.00
14
90
0.000
1.000
1497.5
1260.0
1886850.0
2825557875.0
20580.0
121
10
235
1.4
1.5
2.00
235
90
1.000
0.001
1622.5
2115.0
3431587.5
5567750718.8
9733400.1
122
15
90
1.4
1.5
2.00
14
90
0.000
1.000
1497.5
1260.0
1886850.0
2825557875.0
20580.0
123
10
235
1.4
1.5
2.00
235
90
1.000
0.000
1622.5
2115.0
3431587.5
5567750718.8
9733400.1
124
15
90
1.4
1.5
2.00
14
90
0.000
1.000
1497.5
1260.0
1886850.0
2825557875.0
20580.0
125
10
235
1.4
1.5
2.00
235
90
1.000
0.000
1622.5
2115.0
3431587.5
5567750718.8
9733400.1
126
15
90
1.4
1.5
2.00
14
90
0.000
1.000
1497.5
1260.0
1886850.0
2825557875.0
20580.0
127
10
235
1.4
1.5
2.00
235
90
1.000
0.000
1622.5
2115.0
3431587.5
5567750718.8
9733400.1
128
15
90
1.4
1.5
2.00
14
90
0.000
1.000
1497.5
1260.0
1886850.0
2825557875.0
20580.0
129
10
235
2.4
2.5
3.00
8.5
235
90
1.000
0.000
1622.5
1997.5
3240943.8
5258431234.4
9192655.6
130
15
90
2.4
2.5
3.00
13.5
90
0.000
1.000
1497.5
1215.0
1819462.5
2724645093.8
18452.8
131
10
235
2.4
2.5
3.00
8.5
235
90
1.000
0.000
1622.5
1997.5
3240943.8
5258431234.4
9192655.6
132
15
90
2.4
2.5
3.00
13.5
90
0.000
1.000
1497.5
1215.0
1819462.5
2724645093.8
18452.8
133
10
235
2.4
2.5
3.00
8.5
235
90
1.000
0.000
1622.5
1997.5
3240943.8
5258431234.4
9192655.6
70
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
134
15
90
2.4
2.5
3.00
13.5
90
0.000
1.000
1497.5
1215.0
1819462.5
2724645093.8
18452.8
135
10
235
2.4
2.5
3.00
8.5
235
90
1.000
0.000
1622.5
1997.5
3240943.8
5258431234.4
9192655.6
136
15
90
2.4
2.5
3.00
13.5
90
0.000
1.000
1497.5
1215.0
1819462.5
2724645093.8
18452.8
137
10
235
2.4
2.5
3.00
8.5
235
90
1.000
0.000
1622.5
1997.5
3240943.8
5258431234.4
9192655.6
138
15
90
2.4
2.5
3.00
13.5
90
0.000
1.000
1497.5
1215.0
1819462.5
2724645093.8
18452.8
139
CL GIR
140x11FB
11
140
1.4
1.5
2.00
10
140
0.000
1.000
580.0
1400.0
812000.0
470960000.0
11666.7
140
CL GIR
140x11FB
11
140
1.4
1.5
2.00
10
140
0.000
1.000
1160.0
1400.0
1624000.0
1883840000.0
11666.7
141
No4 NTSGIR
140x11FB
11
140
1.4
1.5
2.00
10
140
0.000
1.000
580.0
1400.0
812000.0
470960000.0
11666.7
142
No4 NTSGIR
140x11FB
11
140
1.4
1.5
2.00
10
140
0.000
1.000
1160.0
1400.0
1624000.0
1883840000.0
11666.7
143
186
1.4
1.5
2.00
186
0.000
1.000
580.0
1488.0
863040.0
500563200.0
7936.0
144
14
90
1.4
1.5
2.00
13
90
90
1.000
0.000
535.0
1170.0
625950.0
334883250.0
789749.5
145
186
1.4
1.5
2.00
186
0.000
1.000
1160.0
1488.0
1726080.0
2002252800.0
7936.0
146
14
90
1.4
1.5
2.00
13
90
90
1.000
0.001
1115.0
1170.0
1304550.0
1454573250.0
789749.5
147
No16 NTSGIR
140x11FB
11
140
2.4
2.5
3.00
9.5
140
0.000
1.000
580.0
1330.0
771400.0
447412000.0
10002.7
148
No16 NTSGIR
140x11FB
11
140
2.4
2.5
3.00
9.5
140
0.000
1.000
1160.0
1330.0
1542800.0
1789648000.0
10002.7
71
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
2.8.6 -
sagging (S.E.)
.
- bulk
carrier load-end shortening curves,
:
SE 14, SE 15, SE 16, SE 17-22, SE 23-24, SE 25, SE 26-27, SE 28, SE 29-30, SE 40-41,
SE 42.
A , SE 14 (9.090 mm
) (6.431 mm ).
.
S.E. i
14
15
description
5940
315
12.25
5940
cl girder plate
11
290
315
10
290
236
355
236
14
90
355
12
90
22
675
355
20
675
236
355
236
14
90
355
12
90
22
738
355
20
738
236
355
236
14
90
355
12
90
22
800
355
20
800
236
315
7.5
236
14
90
315
12.5
90
15
800
315
13.25
800
23-24
72
item net
dimensions
(mm)
14.3
attached plate
17-22
min yield
sress
(N/mm2)
attached plate
16
as built
dimensions
(mm)
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
25
26-27
28
29-30
40-41
42
236
315
236
14
90
315
12
90
16.5
800
315
14.5
800
186
315
186
14
90
315
12
90
16.5
800
315
14.5
800
186
315
186
14
90
315
12
90
16.5
800
355
14.5
800
186
355
186
14
90
355
12
90
19
800
355
17
800
236
315
236
14
90
315
12
90
16
800
355
14.25
800
236
355
236
14
90
355
12
90
16
800
355
14.25
800
2.6-
- SE 28, SE 4041 .
. 6.6%
6.2 % .
73
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
2.24- - S.E. 28
SE15
355
1.0
301.5
1.0
301.5
SE16
355
SE17-22
355
SE 23-24
315
SE 25
315
SE 26-27
315
SE 28
SE 29-30
355
SE 40-41
SE 42
355
285.6
279.9
225.4
232.3
216.3
209.5
243.1
230.7
249.2
285.6
279.9
225.4
232.3
216.3
223.3
243.1
245.0
249.2
2.7- -
74
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
2.26- -
- -
SE 28, SE 40-41
,
.
75
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
2.27-
(ulk Carrier DWT 48.170 MT)
(0.7%) (max M=2.940.417 KNm)
(min M=2.920.714 KNm) .
,
- CSR bending moment approach .xls
(2.940.417 kNm) 3%
(2.860.000 kNm)
76
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
HC 12 ( ).
, ( 2.920.000 kNm)
( ) HC 13(
).
MSW,S
95.500
tf -m
936.855,0
KN-m
hogging
MSW,H
111.000
tf -m
1.088.910,0
KN-m
-3
-3
1.511.225,2
KN-m
1.632.895,0
KN-m
1,00
CSR ch.4,sec.3,p.12
f p: probability coefficient =
1,00
CSR ch.4,sec.2,p.4
C: wave parameter
9,44
CSR ch.1,sec.4,p.17
2.8- ,
= MSW,S+1.2 MWV,S=2.896.329 kNm ,
-.
.
,
.
>1.1(MSW,S+1.2 MWV,S)=3.185.961 kNm (8%
)
77
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
BULK CARRIER
-
6.500
6.300
6.100
5.900
min
5.700
N [m ]
max
5.500
5.300
5.100
4.900
4.700
4.500
0.00000
0.00005
0.00010
0.00015
0.00020
0.00025
[1/m]
2.28- ..
(ulk Carrier DWT 48.170 MT)
.. .
.
..
.
78
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
2.29- .. sagging
() .. H.C. 10
. .. ,
..
.
2.9 C.S.R.
3-200
3-200 J. M.
Gordo C. G. Soares (Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal, 2004).
- C.S.R.,
.
,
:
AVR =
11 + 2 2
1 + 2
i, Ai .
79
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
2.9.1 3-200
1 m 2 m
(rigidity) .
(pure
bending) 2.30.
(4 point bending).
2.31, 2.32:
2.31- 3-200
80
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
2.32- 3-200
3-200 3 mm
(flat bar) tw x hw=4x45 mm.
2.9.2 .
12 ( 2.34). 4
8 .
2.34-
81
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
2.9.3
.
.
:
y=240 MPa =210 GPa.
y=183 MPa 3mm y=310 MPa
4mm.
2.9- 3-200
2.35- 3-200
.
2.9.4
3-200
.
xx .
82
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
b(mm)
800
800
45
45
594
594
45
45
45
45
45
45
t
(mm)
3
3
4
4
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
ai
2
(mm )
2400
2400
180
180
1782
1782
180
180
180
180
180
180
hi
(mm)
298.5
-298.5
0
0
0
0
322.5
322.5
322.5
-322.5
-322.5
-322.5
aihi (mm )
716400
-716400
0
0
0
0
58050
58050
58050
-58050
-58050
-58050
Ixx (mm4)=
Ii (mm )
1 800.00
1 800.00
240.00
240.00
52 396 146.00
52 396 146.00
30 375.00
30 375.00
30 375.00
30 375.00
30 375.00
30 375.00
104 978 622.00
2.36- 3-200.
mm
83
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
2.9.5 -
2.37, (
) S.E. :
SE-2 : 1,2,3,6,7,8 ( )
SE-3 : 4,5 ( )
2.37- 3-200
T SE-2, SE-3 .
- SE-2, SE-3
.
- ymin=183 /mm2 (), ymax=310 /mm2
() yavr=205 /mm2.
84
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
2.38-
H - 2.39
-.
2.39- -
85
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
2.9.6 - 3-200
S.E. 2,
S.E. 3. S.E. 1 183 N/m2.
( 2.40)
C.S.R. bending moment approach .xls.
.
183-310 ,
,
2.40-
86
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R.
10%
(HC 1, HC 2) .
183-183 183-204
,
.
2.9.7 - 3-200
, .
-
3-200
0.310
0.290
0.270
N [m]
0.250
0.230
0.210
183-183
183-204
0.190
183-310
0.170
0.150
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
[1/m]
2.41- ,
.
87
2: I.A.C.S.-C.S.R
2.10 2
C.S.R. :
(50%)
.
-
.
3 ( 77)
(315-355 /mm2) , (0.7%)
bulk carrier
, 3-200 8 12
(183-310 /mm2)
25% .
bulk carrier 3%
.
88
3
3-200
.
Algor
.
3.1
,
.
(Finite Elements Method F.E.M.).
, 50
.
.
.
F.E. ,
.
3:
,
.
,
.
70
90-120 30-40 .
50-60x106 8-10x106 .
, . ,
.
,
, , , ..
3.2
-F.E.M.
.
3.1- F.E.M.
90
3:
C.A.D.
.
. preprocessor.
,
.
solver .
,
post- processor,
.
3.2.1
,
.
(
)
,
.
-
(2.1),(2.2), (2.3)
(2.4).
91
3:
3.2-
, ( ..)
Dirichlet (2.5) Neumann (2.6) (,
...). :
u, v, w x, y, z :
i, j x, y y, z z, x xyz .
:
i = x, y, z Fi .
:
92
3:
v Gi .
:
.
. ij ij
Pi i ,
:
,
, ,
.
( 4
.
.
3.3 F.E.M.
(
). ,
. To :
[K].u=F
(2.8)
93
3:
u n ,
Dirichlet.
F n
,
( ).
[K] nxn .
.
.
3.4-
/
94
3:
[K].u=F
u.
u ,
...
3.4 .
,
(/)
.
3.5- ,
3.2.2
[K]
[Ki] ( 3.6).
[Ki] Gauss.
95
3:
3.6- F.E.M.
(shape functions),
/ .
, .
,
8 .
,
20 .
,
,
.
3.7
96
3:
(, ,
) .
3.8- Gauss
-1 1.
, ,
[Bi] .
3.8 Gauss .
3 .
Gauss
.
27 3 , 3
3 3
3/5 .
[Ke]
:
Hi Gauss n
(i, i, i), J
97
3:
X,Y,Z , , . [D]
E, ( , Poisson ).
[K].u=F u,
( x, y, z ).
.
,
.
,
, .
,
(.. )
.
, .
3.2.3
.
, ,
.
, .
.
:
98
3:
( 95% ),
.
.
[].u=F
,
(
).
Gauss
Choleski Crout.
3.9- F.E.M.
99
3:
u
u0
:
(stationary)
(gradient methods)
. Jacobi, GaussSeidel,
.
n
n- .
.
.
(steepest descent method)
(conjugate gradients method).
.
3.2.4
( /
) [K].u=F, [K]
F
u.
,
/.
[K].u=F
100
3:
[K].du=dF
[K] ( )
(.. ...).
[K].u=F
(.. ).
,
.
,
.
, F, u
[K].u=F. u, F , u
. [K] u
F f, R=Ff. R.
R ...
R ().
3.10 Newton-Raphson.
Newton-Raphson
[K] ( 3.11).
3.10- Newton-Raphson
101
3:
, [K]
3.11- Newton-Raphson
.
.
,
-
( Hook).
[K]
.
3.2.5
(SKYLINE ALGORITHM)
,
(i, j)
102
3:
,
.
[]
(skyline). ,
[] ( 3.9) .
.
mk
.
, j
> i + mk . mk
.
3.12- -skyline
103
3:
mi, i = 1, , n
, mi (i - mi )
. mk,
max {i - mi}, i = 1,,n,
.
i,
.
,
.
[] :
.
MAXA,
i- , Kii,
MAXA(I).
MAXA(I) (i
1)- I. i-
:
MAXA(I+1)-MAXA(I)
MAXA(I), MAXA(I)+1, MAXA(I)+2, MAXA(I+1)-1
MAXA
.
3.2.6 SPARSE
sparse. ( n
x n)
A =
104
3:
a ( m)
Irow Icol ( m).
a A
Irow Icol (
) k a A.
.
:
ak=Aij i=I row, k j=Icol,k
m (
) A.
3.3
LGOR
,
ALGOR V.16.
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
:
: 1-5
: 6-8 ( ALGOR)
: 9-10
105
3:
.
:
:
o
Sparse
o Banded
o Skyline
o Iterative (A.M.G.)
:
o Newton-Raphson
o Newton-Raphson
o Newton-Raphson
o Newton-Raphson
o Newton-Raphson
o Newton-Raphson
(default),
. ,
,
.
.
.
Newton-Raphson
/
Newton-Raphson,
Newton-Raphson
.
/
.
106
3:
,
:
.
,
.
.
.
.
,
Total Lagrangian
Updated Lagrangian.
.
.
/
- - .
Convergence Criteria:
:(
)
107
3:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Displacement Tolerance:
. 1x1015-1x10-3.
Force Tolerance:
. 1x10-15-1x10-3.
.
108
3:
.
( )
.
.
3D plate elements.
.
.
109
3:
,
-3D shell elements
. ;
plate elements.
3.14- shell-elements
plate-elements
.
shell-elements ( plateelements)
:
110
3:
Total Lagrangian: ,
Updated Lagrangian: ,
Linear:
Geometrically nonlinear:
2nd Order:
3rd Order:
4th Order:
-shear
locking (
)
:
111
3:
3.4
ALGOR
,
.
uler-Bernoulli
(
)
.
( )
().
,
. .
3.15- ALGOR
,
ALGOR.
3-200
bulk carrier.
112
3:
, (ALGOR)
(ALGOR)
( 3.15).
.
3.4.1
:
P.
3.16- .
( ):
a 3 aL2
W max =PY
8
6
113
3:
PY =
Y I
= Y
ay max SM
PY Y
(ymax). :
, S.M.
3.17- .
( ):
PY L3
Wmax =
3EI
114
3:
PY =
Y I Y
=
ay max SM
ALGOR
,
.
, ALGOR -rectangular
(0,0), (800,600) t
:
3.18- ALGOR
.
:
L=5000 mm
a=2000 mm
115
3:
b=1000 mm
t ymax
mm.
Y,
/mm2. mm4. o PY
k. mm.
116
3:
ALGOR -plate
-shell , 50x50mm
25x25mm .
ALGOR
t ( ) ,
( )
1000 mm .
:
: , ,
: ,
: , , RX, RY, RZ
117
3:
3.19-
.
(strain hardening)
/1000 (1/1000 ).
Von Mises with isotropic hardening.
3.20-
nonlinear static.
Wmax
.
118
3:
O F.E.A. ( )
O F.E.A 3-5%
.
F.E.A. 20% .
F.E.A.
3% .
25x25 mm (100% )
3.21- t=20 mm ()
1000 mm (). Wmax=9,1 mm. F.E.A. 10,8 mm
119
3:
3.23- t=20 mm
. Wmax=30,72mm, F.E.A. LINEAR Wmax=31,68mm,FEA NON LINEAR
Wmax=31,62mm
120
3:
3.24- 2-4%
(Y=240 N/mm2)
(
) 20 3 mm
121
3:
122
3:
123
3:
T
:
ALGOR
.
:
3-5%
.
F.E..
. 11%
6% .
124
3:
F.E..
.
12,5% 16% .
3.25- .
125
3:
3.26- .
126
3:
H :
4%
.
F.E..
. 8%
4% .
F.E..
.
9% 16% .
127
3:
3.27- (
35,81mm, 35,82 mm)
128
3:
3.28- , 285
N/mm2
129
3:
130
3:
3.5 3-200
,
2-300 ( 2.9) (supporting device)
.
(3-D plate elements)
(3-D shell elements)
.
7094 7594.
30 min.
.
131
3:
3.29-
50x50 mm
.
3.30-
132
3:
3.31-
.
1816 1722.
10 min.
,
( )
.
3.32-
8846 7839.
40 min.
,
350 kNm
133
3:
-
( 3.2, 3.28).
3.33- -
3.33
150 kNm , 150 kNm 300
kNm . 300 kNm
350 kNm
.
3.34-
134
3:
, 0.006
(1/m). 20 mm (
).
,
( )
.
.
F.E.A.
,
.
3.35- -
.
,
(rigid)
, .
135
3:
3.36-
.
. ()
50 . ,
(time steps), .
.
3.37-
(non linear static ) ALGOR.
136
3:
3.5.1 1:
3.38-
3.39-
137
3:
3.40- xx
1-4
3.41- 1,2
138
3:
3.42- 3,4
3.43-
1-6
139
3:
3.44- 1,2,3
3.45- 4,5,6
140
3:
3.46-
3.47-
3.46
141
3:
3.48- 1-15
3
2
3.49- xx 1-8
3.48
142
3:
3.50- xx 9-15
3.48
3.51-
143
3:
3.5.2 2:
.
6% .
3.52- ()
()
144
3:
3.53- 1-15
3.54- xx 1-8
3.54
145
3:
3.55- xx 9-15
3.54
3.56-
146
3:
3.5.3 3:
3.57-
3.58- xx
1,2
147
3:
3.60- 1-6
148
3:
3.61-
1-6 3.60
3.62- xx
149
3:
3.63-
3.64-
150
3:
3.5.4 4:
3.65-
1
2
3.66- xx
1,2
151
3:
2
1
3.67- xx 1,2
3.66
3.68- 1-6
152
3:
3.70- xx
153
3:
3.71-
3.72-
154
3:
3.73-
.
.
3.74-
155
3:
3.75-
3.76- xx
156
3:
3.77- xx
157
3:
3.5.6.
1-5
3.5.1-3.5.5.
3.78-
( 3.74, 3.75)
-.
3.79- Y 3.74
158
3:
3.5 3.31.
-
600
500
M [kN m ]
400
300
FEA 1- RIGID
FEA 2- RIGID
200
FEA 3- RIGID
ME
FEA 4- SOARES
100
FEA 5- SOARES
ME
0
0
0.001
0.002
0.003
k [1/m]
0.004
0.005
0.006
3.80- 1-5
570 kNm.
159
3:
3.6 /
.
3.80-
.
3.80
() 140 /mm2 ()
183 /mm2, sagging .
( 3.81)
,
.
160
3:
3.81- xx. ( )
,
.
xx. 3.82 3.83.
3.82- xx.
( )
161
3:
3.83- xx
3.82 3.81
162
3:
3-200
,
.
3.7.1 BULK CARRIER
bulk
carrier ( ),
2.400 mm,
800 mm
4.000 mm.
12.000 mm.
-3D shell elements ,
139.270 137.866 .
F.E.M. (non linear static)
794.823 .
Part No
1
2
4
5
7
8
10
11
20
21
30
31
32
40
41
49
Thickness
11
11
12,5
11
11
16
10
10
10
10
9,75
8
13
9,5
9,5
12
Yield stress
235
235
315
235
235
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
Part No
92
93
94
95
96
100
109
110
111
112
120
130
131
132
140
210
Thickness
12
7
12
7,5
12,5
13,5
15,5
15,5
8
13
13,25
13
7,5
12,5
13
15,5
Yield stress
355
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
163
3:
50
59
60
61
62
63
64
70
71
72
80
88
89
90
91
92
93
12,5
13
14,25
7
12
7
12
20
7
12
17
17
14,5
14,25
7
12
7
315
355
355
315
315
355
355
355
355
355
355
355
315
315
355
355
315
211
212
220
230
231
232
239
240
241
242
243
244
250
251
252
253
254
9
14
15,5
15,25
8,5
13,5
12,75
12
10,5
14,5
7
12
12,25
7,5
12,5
7
12
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
315
,
,
C.S.R.
3.84- 100/50/25 mm .
164
3:
100 mm. :
100/50/25 mm
33.23/33.24/33.29 mm.
( 800, 2400,
4000 mm).
250 mm
90 mm. ,
125/100 90/100 ( 1).
, 3-200,
-plate element ( 50mm 25mm).
( )
.
. ,
ALGOR
.
3.85-
165
3:
(Y-symmetry) .
( break down)
ALGOR
.
.
3.86-
,
() ()
() .
166
3:
3.87- .
3.88- .
.
,
.
167
3:
3.89- .
3.90- .
.
.
168
3:
3.91- .
3.92- .
169
3:
3.93- xx
3.94- xx
170
3:
3.95- xx
3.96- xx
171
3:
3.97- xx
3.98- xx
172
3:
3.99- xx
3.98
3.100- xx
173
3:
3.99- xx
3.100
174
3:
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
0
0.00005
0.0001
0.00015
0.0002
0.00025
[1/m]
3.96-
bulk carrier
175
3:
3.8 - 3
ALGOR , 3-200
bulk carrier :
ALGOR 3%.
( )
ALGOR (20%
, 12% 9% ).
( )
ALGOR (8% 11%
) (3.3%)
3-200 ALGOR 5
/ .
C.S.R.,
ALGOR
. - ALGOR
.( ).
3-200,
, bulk carrier
. (bulk carrier)
(stocky).
bulk carrier ( )
.
176
bulk carrier
3-200. -
C.S.R.
Algor.
4.1
-
3-200 bulk carrier.
15-20%
C.S.R.
3-200 ,
.
.
4: C.S.R-Algor
178
4: C.S.R-Algor
4.3
- 4
C.S.R.
-
. (
)
.
- 68-85% (
4.1)
ALGOR
( 3.98 3.100 3).
C.S.R.
.
,
ALGOR (15-20%)
C.S.R.
. Algor
.
, 3-200
C.S.R.
(75%) ,
.
SE15
355
1.0
301.5
1.0
SE16
355
SE 4041
SE17-22
355
SE 23-24
315
SE 25
315
SE 26-27
315
SE 28
SE 29-30
355
285.6
279.9
225.4
232.3
216.3
209.5
243.1
230.7
249.2
301.5
285.6
279.9
225.4
232.3
216.3
223.3
243.1
245.0
249.2
85%
80%
78%
71%
73%
68%
68%
SE 42
355
70%
4.1- -
bulk carrier ( Hard Corner)
179
4: C.S.R-Algor
ALGOR
C.S.R.
20% ALGOR
C.S.R.
180
1. . , , ..., 2007
2. . , ,
, , 2002
3. . , , ..., 2007
4. I.A.C.S.-Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carriers, Jule 2008
5. I.A.C.S.-Common Structural Rules, Rule Change Notice No 1, November 2007
6. J. K. Paik, A. K. Thayamballi, Ship Shaped Offshore Installations. Design, Building
and Operation, N.Y. 2007
7. Y. Okumoto, Y. Takeda, M. Mano, T. Okada, Design of Ship Hull Structures. A
Practical Guide for Engineers,
8. Enrong Qi, Weicheng Cui, Zhengquan Wan, Comparative Study of Ultimate Hull
Girder Strength of Large Double Hull Tankers, Marine Structures, 2005
9. J. M. Gordo, C. Guedes Soares, Approximate Method to Evaluate the Hull Girder
Collapse Strength, Marine Structures 2004
10. O.M.A.E. 2008-57899, June 15-20, 2008, Estoril, Portugal
11. M. ,
, ..., 1996
12. . ,
, ,
..., 2007
13. . , ,
, ..., 2001
14. T. H. Soreid, Ultimate Load Analysis of Marine Structures, Trondheim
1981
15. J. Gordo, C. Guedes Soares, Experimental Evaluation of the Ultimate Bending
Moment of a Box Girder, Ocean and Marine Structures, 2004
16. S.N.A.M.E., Principles of Naval Architecture Vol. I, N. J. 1988
181
182
A
-- C.S.R.
SYMBOLS AND DEFINITIONS- C.S.R.
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
C.S.R.
ULTIMATE STRENGTH CHECK-CSR
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
CSR
CSR HULL ULTIMATE STRENGTH
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
NET SCANTLING APPROACH
219
220
221
222
223
224
-
LOAD-END SHORTENING CURVES -
225
226
227
228
229
230
BULK-CARRIER
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270