GRAMMAR

Requires a subject Complement Subject performs the action; the object receives Expresses action but has no object

Predicate Patterns

INDEPENDENT

Transitive Verb

Intransitive Verb

Subject + Linking Verb + Adjective Subject Compliment

Subject + T. Verb + Direct Object

Subject + Intransitive Verb

or
Subject + Linking Verb + Adverb Subject Compliment

or
Subject + T. Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object

or
Subject + Intransitive Verb + Adverb

or
Subject + Linking Verb + Noun Subject Compliment

or
Subject + T. Verb + Direct Object + Object Compliment

or
Subject + Linking Verb + Possessive Subject Compliment

Contains a noun or equivalent, plus modifiers.

SUBJECT

PREDICATE

Contains at least one verb & its modifiers. + one or more compliments

CLAUSE

Subject predicate clause that stands on its own.

INDEPENDENT

DEPENDENT

Subject predicate clause that cannot stand by itself. It must attach to an independent clause, usually begins with an introductory word that signals dependency.

One independent clause.

Simple Sentence

Dependent Clause Functions

Two or more independent clauses.

Compound Sentence

Modifies a noun or pronoun.

Adjective Clause or
Subject Direct Object Subject Complement Object of the preposition

One independent and one or more dependent clauses.

Complex Sentence

Noun Clause or

Two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.

Compound Sentence

Adverb Clause

Time Cause Purpose Condition Contrast Comparison Place Manner

GRAMMAR

Influences mood

Can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, & must

Modals

Auxiliaries

Form

S-Form Base Past Past Participle Present Participle

Present & Past Participles

Have, had, has, having

Verb Have

An action that expresses action, occurrence & existence

Base Form

Did, do, & does

Do

Verb Phrase

Predicate Patterns (see clause P1)

A VERB AND ITS AUXILIARIES

Present & Past Participles

is, are, am, was, were, been, being

Be

Verbals

Infinitive

To + Verb

Adverbial Adjectival & Noun Mood Participles

Makes Statements & Asks Questions Past or present, alone or in phrases, modify nouns & pronouns

Indicative Adjectival

Gives commands Positive & Negative

Imperative

Indicates that it isnt a Fact or that it should happen

Gerunds Subjunctive

Present participle functioning as a noun

Noun

Decides the action

Voice Absolutes
Modifies the rest of the sentence

Subject Controls the action

Active Familial Expression

Participle: Speaking of Friends or Infinitive: To tell the Truth

Subject receives the action

Passive

Nominative Absolute

Begins with a noun or pronoun, acts as the subject of the verbal