Document Title: Working Instruction for Liquid Penetrant Testing

Table of Content
1. Scope 2. Reference Standards 3. Responsibility 4. Personnel Qualification 5. Penetrant Material 6. Surface Preparation 7. Temperature 8. Examination Procedure 9. Acceptance Standards 10. Defect Removal and Repair 11. Post Cleaning 12. Reporting

1. Scope
The purpose of this specification is to set the method, the equipment and the acceptance criteria for the Liquid Penetrate Examination of the welds for manufacturing of the tools or heat affected zone (HAZ) that caused by welding or brazing of tools. The dyes in penetrant are either color contrast (visible under white light) or fluorescent.

2. Reference Standards
- ASME Section V: Nondestructive Examination, Article 6 - ASME Section VIII: Appendix 8, Methods for Liquid Penetrant Examination - ASTM E-165: Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination - ASNT SNT-TC-1A: Recommended Practice for NDE Personnel Qualification and Certification

3. Responsibility
3.1. The sub-contractor is responsible for doing NDE work according to referenced standards and this procedure. 3.2. The QC department contractor is responsible for control of NDE work and documents related to the NDE. 3.3. The QC department contractor is responsible for cooperating with inspector for controlling of the related documents.

4. Personnel Qualification
The Personnel who are performing liquid penetrant examination should be approved by Authorized and qualified Inspector who is certified in ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC1A. in The QC contractor.

ASNT . QC

PT 4 Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A

5. Penetrant Material
5.1. The term Penetrant Materials , as used in this procedure, is intended to include all wet penetrant, solvents or penetrant remover, developer, etc., used in the examination process. 5.2. Intermixing of materials from various manufacturers is not permitted. 5.3. Intermixing of materials from different type or/and different family group is not permitted. 5.4. The following materials shall be used: a) Penetrant: Magna Flux SKL-SPI or Equivalent b) Remover: Magna Flux SKC-S or Equivalent c) Developer: Magna Flux SKD-S2 or Equivalent

6. Surface Preparation
6.1. In general, satisfactory result may be obtained when the surface of the part is in the aswelded, as-rolled, as-cast, or as-forged condition. Surface preparation by grinding, machining, or other methods may be necessary where surface irregularities could mask indications. 6.2. Prior to each liquid penetrant examination, the surface to be examined and all adjacent areas within at least 1 inch (25mm) shall be dry and free of all dirt, grease, lint, scale, welding flux, weld spatter, paint, and oil. 6.3. Typical cleaning agents which may be used are detergents, organic solvents, descaling solutions, and paint removers. 6.4. Blast, (shot, sand, grit, or pressure), liquid honing and emery cloth should not be employed with liquid penetrant testing.
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6.5. After cleaning, drying of the surfaces to be examined shall be accomplished by normal evaporation or with forced hot or cold air. A minimum period of time shall be established to ensure that the cleaning solution has evaporated prior to application of the penetrant.

7. Temperature
7.1. As a standard technique, the temperature of the penetrant and the surface of the part to be processed shall not be below 5C or above 52C throughout the examination period. 7.2. When it is not practical to conduct a liquid penetrant examination within the temperature range of 5C to 52C, the examination procedure at the proposed lower or higher temperature range requires qualification of the penetrant materials and processing in accordance with Mandatory Appendix III, Article 7 of standard ASME Sec. V, version 2007.

8. Examination Procedure
8. 1. Penetrant Application 8.1.1. The penetrant shall be thoroughly agitated prior to its application. 8.1.2. The penetrant shall be applied so that the entire surface to be examined is completely covered with penetrant. 8.1.3. If reexamination is required on the same area after examination, the area completely shall be cleaned as specified above and reexamined in accordance with all of the requirements of this procedure. 8.1.4. The minimum penetrate time shall be 10 minutes. 8.2. Excess Penetrant Removal 8.2.1. Solvent Removable Technique After the specified penetration time has elapsed, any penetrant remaining on the surface shall be removed, taking care to minimize removal of penetrant from discontinuities. Excess solvent removable penetrant shall be removed by wiping with a cloth or absorbent paper, repeating the operation until most traces of penetrant have been removed. The remaining traces shall be removed by lightly wiping the surface with cloth or absorbent paper moistened with solvent. To minimize removal of penetrant from discontinuities, care shall be taken to avoid the use of excess solvent. Flushing the surface with solvent, following the application of the penetrant and prior to developing, is prohibited. 8.2.2. Water Washable Technique Excess Penetrant (all penetrant except that in discontinuities) is washed from the specimen after dwell time has elapsed. Water at 16 to 43C and a pressure not exceeding 50 psi is applied from a spray nozzle. The nozzle is held so that the water strikes the surface of the specimen at an angle of approximately 45 degrees. Care is taken to avoid over-washing, which causes washout of penetrant from discontinuities. The wash process is accomplished under black light so that the operator can observe when the excess penetrant is completely removed. 8.3. Drying A minimum 2 minutes of drying time shall be allowed after the excess penetrant removal and prior to developer application. The Surface may be dried by blotting with clean materials or by using circulating air, provided the temperature of the surface is not raised above 52C. Drying time is determined by the size and composition of the specimen, and visual observation usually fixes the length of the drying cycle. Excessive heat or too long a drying time tends to back the penetrant out of discontinuities. 8.4. Developer Application
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8.4.1. When the drying process is complete the specimen is ready for the application of either dry or non-aqueous wet developer. 8.4.2. Dry Developer shall be applied only to a dry surface by a brush, hand powder bulb, powder gun, or other means, provided the powder is dusted evenly over the entire surface being examined. 8.4.3. While applying the developer by spray, the nozzle of the aerosol shall be held at a distance of 12 to 16 inches (30 to 40cm) from the examination surface. 8.4.4. Non-aqueous Wet Developer shall be applied only to a dry surface. It shall be applied by spraying, except where safety or restricted access precludes it. Under such conditions, developer may be applied by brushing. 8.4.5. Water Base wet Developer may be applied to either a wet or dry surface. It shall be applied by dipping, brushing, spraying, or other means providing a thin coating is obtained over the entire surface being examined. Blotting is not permitted. After the water Base wet developer is applied, the specimen is dried as described above. 8.4.6. When water based wet developer is used, it is applied to the wet specimen immediately after excess penetrant is removed. 8.4.7. Prior to applying suspension type wet developer to the surface the developer must be thoroughly agitated to ensure adequate dispersion of suspended particles. 8.4.8. Precautions should be taken to prevent any object from touching the dry developer film because it is very brittle, loosely held and easily damaged. 8.4.9. The developing time shall be 2 to 10 minutes. 8.5. Evaluation of Indications 8.5.1. All indications shall be evaluated in terms of the acceptance standards of the Reference Code Section. 8.5.2. Indications with major dimensions greater than 1/16in. (1.5 mm) shall be considered relevant. 8.5.3. A linear indication is one having a length greater than three times the width. 8.5.4. A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with the length equal to or less than three times the width. 8.5.5. Any questionable or doubtful indications shall be reexamined to determine whether or not they are relevant.

9. Acceptance Criteria
These acceptance standards shall apply unless other more restrictive standards are specified for specific materials/tools. All surfaces to be examined shall be free of: a) Relevant linear indications; b) Relevant rounded indications greater than 1 16 in (1.5 mm); c) Four or more relevant rounded indications in a line separated by 1 16 in. (1.5 mm) or less (edge to edge).

10. Defect Removal and Repair

Unacceptable imperfections shall be repaired and reexamination made to assure removal or reduction to an acceptable size. Whenever an imperfection shall be repaired by chipping or grinding and subsequent repair by welding is not required, the excavated area shall be blended into the surrounding surface so as to avoid sharp notches, crevices, or corners. The maximum depth of grinded/chipped area shall not be more than drawing tolerance.

11. Post Cleaning

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After the specimen has been inspected it is very important that it be thoroughly cleaned. Post cleaning usually will involve the same types of cleaning operation as were used in pre-cleaning.

12. Reporting
In preparing the test record, the following information shall be included; a) Examined date b) Test material c) Penetrant materials d) Examiner e) Weld/tool identification f) Interpretation g) Other necessary information.

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