Mark Durkee - Geodesics and Symmetries of Doubly-Spinning Black Rings

Introduction
Geodesics and Symmetries

Summary
Geodesics and Symmetries of
Doubly-Spinning Black Rings
or how exact solutions arent always as unpleasant as they
look
Mark Durkee
DAMTP
University of Cambridge
Based on arXiv:0812.0235 [gr-qc]
GR Lunchtime Seminar
Friday 6th February 2009
Mark Durkee Geodesics and Symmetries of Doubly-Spinning Black Rings
Introduction
Summary
Outline
Introduction
Higher-Dimensional Black Holes
Black Rings
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Summary
Introduction
Summary
Black Rings
Outline
Introduction
Black Rings
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Summary
Introduction
Summary
Black Rings
Whats new in d > 4?
Most strikingly, can have black holes horizons of

non-spherical topology; black rings.
Black hole uniqueness is violated.
Lots of new solutions with disconnected event horizons

too:black saturn etc...
In d = 5 there are good solution generating methods, lots

of progress towards knowing all BHs with connected event
horizons.
Possible solutions for d > 5 largely unknown. Lots more

allowed horizon topologies.
Introduction
Summary
Black Rings
Outline
Introduction
Black Rings
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Summary
Introduction
Summary
Black Rings
Black Rings
A black ring is a stationary black hole spacetime with a

ring-like event horizon of topology S
1
S
2
.
[Emparan and Reall(2002)]
Black ring solutions of the vacuum Einstein equations are

known only in d = 5, though there are numerical results to
suggest that they exist in higher dimensions.
Only known analytically in asymptotically at case, would

be very interesting to nd an AdS solution...
Black rings must rotate about the S

1
in order to be regular.
The minimum angular momentum is greater than the

maximum angular momentum of an MP BH, so
uniqueness violated.
Introduction
Summary
Black Rings
Black Ring Metric
For black rings with no S
2
rotation, this leaves a family of regular
solutions, taking the form
ds
2
=
H(y)
H(x)
(dt +
(y)d)
2
+
R
2
H(x)
(x y)
2
_
dx
2
G(x)
+
G(x)
H(x)
d
2
dy
2
G(y)

G(y)
H(y)
d
2
_
for some known polynomials G() = (1
2
)(1 + ),
H() = 1 +
2
+ 2.
Event horizon at y = y
h
, where G(y
h
) = 0.
R sets the lengthscale, sets shape of the ring.
< t < , 1 x 1, < y 1, 0 < 2 and

0 < 2.
Introduction
Summary
Black Rings
Doubly-Spinning Black Rings
[Pomeransky and Senkov(2006)] generalized the black ring to
include rotation around the S
2
as well. Their solution is
moderately compact compared to some other exact solutions in
d = 5, but still a bit of a mess...
ds
2
=
H(y, x)
H(x, y)
(dt + )
2
+
R
2
H(x, y)
(x y)
2
(1 )
2
_
dx
2
G(x)

dy
2
G(y)
+
A(y, x)d
2
2L(x, y)dd A(x, y)d
2
H(x, y)H(y, x)
_
.
Introduction
Summary
Black Rings
Metric functions (1)
Dont bother reading this slide
The functions given in the metric are all moderately
complicated polynomials, looking like this:
G(x) = (1x
2
)(1+x+x
2
),
H(x,y) = 1+
2
2
+2(1x
2
)y+2x(1y
2
2
)+x
2
y
2
(1
2
2
),
L(x,y) =
(xy)(1x
2
)(1y
2
)
[
1+
2
2
+2(x+y)xy(1
2
2
)
]
,
A(x,y) = G(x)(1y
2
)
[
((1)
2
2
)(1+)+y(1
2
+23
2
)
]
+G(y)
[
2
2
+x((1)
2
+
2
)+x
2
((1)
2
2
)(1+)
+x
3
(1
2
3
2
+2
3
)+x
4
(1)(1
2
2
)
]
Introduction
Summary
Black Rings
Metric functions (2)
Nor this one...
The rotation is described by the 1-form =
d +
d,
where
=
R
2((1+)
2
2
)
H(y,x)
1+y
1+
(1 + +
x
2
y(1 ) + 2x(1 y)
_
and
=
R
_
2((1 + )
2
2
)
H(y, x)
(1 x
2
)y
.
Note that it is dependent on a mixture of x and y.
Introduction
Summary
Black Rings
Comments
Asymptotically at, regular solution of the vacuum Einstein

equations.
Probably the most general regular solution with S

1
S
2
horizon.
The unbalanced generalization is really unpleasant, but

known analytically.
[Morisawa et al.(2008)Morisawa, Tomizawa and Yasui]
Parameter space (M, J

1
, J
2
) overlaps with that of doubly
spinning Myers-Perry, but only in moderately small region,
so uniqueness violated as in singly spinning.
Introduction
Summary
Black Rings
The Ergoregion
What is an ergoregion?
In rotating black hole spacetimes, there is often a region

outside the black hole horizon where frame dragging
occurs.
Corresponds to a region where the asymptotically timelike

Killing vector /t becomes spacelike.
The Kerr metric is the standard example of this.
The ergosurface is the outer boundary of the ergoregion.

Introduction
Summary
Black Rings
The Ergoregion
The Black Ring Ergoregion
Singly spinning black ring has an ergosurface of topology

S
1
S
2
surrounding the horizon.
It turns out to be more complicated in the doubly spinning

case, depending on the exact shape of the ring, the
horizon can have differing topologies:
Introduction
Summary
Black Rings
Parameter Space
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Outline
Introduction
Black Rings
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Summary
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
The Hamilton-Jacobi Equation
Geodesic motion in a spacetime can be described by

solutions to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation.
S
+H
_
x
a
,
S
x
b
_
= 0. (1)
( is an afne parameter along a geodesic x
a
()).
This is really the mass shell condition in disguise:

1
2
g
ab
p
a
p
b
=
1
2
2
.
We look for a Hamilton Principal Function S(; t, x, y, , )

that solves (1); realistically weve only got a chance of
nding separable solutions, so we take this approach here.
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Can we separate the HJ equation for the black ring?
At rst glance, trying to make any analytic progress looks
hopeless, but...
We have three Killing vectors, and hence three conserved

momenta (Noethers Theorem), so take a separable ansatz
S(, t, x, y, , ) =
1
2
2
Et + + + S
x
(x) + S
y
(y).
More remarkably, the Hamilton-Jacobi equation has

separable solutions if we set E = 0 and = 0, that is look
for zero-energy, null geodesics.
These can exist in the ergoregion, where

t
is spacelike.
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
The Separated HJ equation
Introducing a separation constant c, we get:
(1 )
2
G(x)p
2
x
1
G(x)
((x)
2
2(x) + (x)
2
) = c
(1 )
2
G(y)p
2
y
1
G(y)
((y)
2
2(y)(y)
2
) = c
where
A(x, y) = G(x)(y) + G(y)(x)
L(x, y) = G(x)(y) G(y)(x)
Note the choices of , , are not unique, can add multiples of
G, giving different separation constant.
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Zero-energy, null geodesics
What are the geodesic paths?
Described by effective potential type equations:

R
4
H(x, y)
2
(x y)
4
(1 )
2
x
2
+ U(x) = 0
and
R
4
H(x, y)
2
(x y)
4
(1 )
2
y
2
+ V(y) = 0
where
U(x) =
_
(x)
2
2(x) + (x)
2
+ cG(x)
and
V(y) =
_
(y)
2
2(y)(y)
2
+ cG(y)
.
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Geodesic Paths
Can do some detailed analysis on allowed values of the

different parameters, but the qualitative motion is always
the same.
The particle comes out of the white hole horizon, moves

outwards towards the ergosurface, and then falls back into
the black hole.
The parameter c described how close to the ergosurface a

given geodesic gets.
Rotation in the direction is optional. If = 0 then the

geodesics cover the event horizon.
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Aside:Axis geodesics
The black ring has two axes of symmetry, actually

2-dimensional surfaces.
Fixed point sets of Killing vectors / and /, given by

y = 1 and x = 1 respectively.
They are totally geodesic submanifolds, ie a geodesic lying

tangent to the surface at some point is restricted to the
surface.
Can therefore eliminate one of x or y, and studying

geodesics on these surfaces reduces to ODEs.
[Hoskisson(2007)] does this in detail for the singly spinning

ring, will not mention it again here.
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Outline
Introduction
Black Rings
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Summary
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Why do we need new coordinates?
Standard black ring coordinates break down at the event

horizon, to understand what lies across it we need to
construct some new coords. (cf Eddington-Finkelstein
coords for Schwarzchild)
Might want to construct maximal analytic extension (cf

Kruskal extension for Schwarzchild); this has been done
recently in the singly spinning case.
[Chrusciel and Cortier(2008)]
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Known coordinate systems
In singly-spinning case there is a fairly straightforward
coordinate change already known:
dv = dt
CR(1 + y)
G(y)
_
H(y)
dy, d

= d +
_
H(y)
G(y)
dy, d
= d.
In doubly spinning case, [Elvang and Rodriguez(2008)] made
an order by order change in coordinates of the form
d
= d
A
y y
h
dy, d

= d
B
y y
h
dy, d
t = dt
C
y y
h
dy.
Can be used to show that horizon is regular, but hard to write
down resulting metric in manfestly regular form. The extremal
case also needs second order terms.
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Using geodesics to construct new coordinates (1)
We know a family of null geodesics that cross the horizon,

and cover it (in the sense that for any point on the horizon,
one of these geodesics passes through it).
This suggests a set of coordinates that must be regular as

we cross the horizon; choose 4 of our coordinates to be
constant along a given geodesic, and the 5th to be an
afne parameter along it.
Must be well-dened, but a bit of a mess in practice...look

to rene it a bit by preserving more symmetry.
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
There is a nice (sort of) symmetry between (x, ) and (y, )

in the original coordinates, probably nice to preserve this in
the new coordinates.
Also want to leave the Killing vectors unchanged, ie to have
v
=

t
,

and

Most general coordinate change compatible with this is

v = t
t
(x, y),

=
(x, y),

=
(x, y).
We choose just 3 new coords that are constant along

geodesics, to do this need to solve
t

t
x
x

t
y
y =

x
x

y
y =

x
x

y
y = 0.
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
We have explicit expressions for x
a
along the geodesics (from
separated HJ equation):
x =
(xy)
2
(1)
2
R
2
H(x,y)
U(x)
y =
(xy)
2
(1)
2
R
2
H(x,y)
V(y)
=
(xy)
2
R
2
H(x,y)G(x)G(y)
[A(x,y)L(x,y)]
=
(xy)
2
R
2
H(x,y)G(x)G(y)
[L(x,y)A(y,x)]
t =
=
(xy)
2
2(1+)(1++)
RH(x,y)H(y,x)G(x)G(y)
_
1+y
1+
(1++x
2
y(1)+
2x(1y))[L(x,y)A(y,x)]+(1x
2
)y
[A(x,y)L(x,y)]
_
,
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Singly-spinning case
In singly-spinning case, the 3 PDEs have explicit separable
solutions, resulting in coordinate changes of the form
dv=dt
CR(1+y)
G(y)
V(y)
dy, d

=d
H(y)
G(y)
V(y)
dy, d
=d
H(x)
G(x)
U(x)
dx,
with resulting metric
ds
2
=
H(y)
H(x)
(dv+
d

)
2
+
R
2
H(x)
(xy)
2
_
cdx
2
cG(x)
2
H(x)
cdy
2
cG(y)
2
H(y)
2d
dx
cG(x)
2
H(x)
2d

dy
cG(y)
2
H(y)
+
G(x)
H(x)
d
G(y)
H(y)
d

2
_
.
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Doubly-spinning case (1)
The PDEs for and have explicit separable solutions, though
more complicated than before with both x and y dependence in
both. The PDE for t does not have a straightforward solution.
Can we set d
t
=
to get dt + = dv +

?
No; its not a total derivative so not a coordinate change.
Can we nd explicit, non-separable solution to the PDE?

Yes (method of characteristics) but not much practical help.
It seems that we have to lower our aims; just look to make

v =

t

t
x
x

t
y
y < .
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
The niteness condition can be solved using the results of
[Elvang and Rodriguez(2008)], but made easier by already
having explicit expressions for the , changes.
Resulting coordinate change is:
dv = dt
D((y) + (y))
(1 )G(y)
_
V(y)
dy where D = R
2
_
1 + +
1 +
_
,
d
= d
(x) + (x)
(1 )G(x)
_
U(x)
dx
(y) + (y)
(1 )G(y)
_
V(y)
dy
d

= d
(x) (x)
(1 )G(x)
_
U(x)
dx
(y) + (y)
(1 )G(y)
_
V(y)
dy
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
The result is a metric that is regular at the horizon, and the
regularity is almost manifest (the only place its not immediately
by inspection is in the

part).
Its too complicated to display here but:
Is the rst explicit form of the metric in the literature to be

regular at the event horizon.
There are three free parameters in it; any two are

independent.
Covers the entire horizon when = 0, except it retains

x = 1 polar coordinate singularity.
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Outline
Introduction
Black Rings
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Summary
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Hidden Symmetries
Things were simpler than we expected. Did we miss some

symmetry?
Yes, but not easy to see this from the metric (unlike Killing
vectors).
In 5 dimensions, expect to need 5 conserved quantities to

completely integrate geodesic motion.
What conserved quantities do we have?
, , E: Associated with the 3 Killing vectors.

2
= g
ab
p
a
p
b
: Associated with the metric itself.
c: From separation of the HJ equation, can it be linked to a

tensor?
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Review of Kerr metric
The Kerr black hole in 4-dimensions is fairly complicated,

but remarkably the HJ equation is separable for all
geodesics. [Carter(1968)]
[Walker and Penrose(1970)] showed that this is due to the

existence of a Killing tensor K
ab
, satisfying the generalised
Killing equation
(a
K
bc)
= 0.
Can read it off explicitly from the separated HJ equation

p
2
+
_
ap
t
sin +
p
sin
_
2
+ a
2
2
cos
2
= K = K
ab
p
a
p
b
p
2
r
+ 2
_
(r
2
+ a
2
)p
t
ap
p
r
r
2
2
= K = K
ab
p
a
p
b
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Hidden symmetries of the Black Ring
We look to see whether the weaker separability of the HJ

equation for the black ring (singly or doubly spinning) can
be linked to a similar Killing tensor structure.
Obviously answer is yes or I wouldnt be talking about it,

but its not so simple here...
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Null, zero-energy condition
We only have separability in the null ( = 0), zero energy
(E = 0) case. Expanding the conserved quantity
g
ab
p
a
p
b
=
2
in this special case gives
g
ij
p
i
p
j
2g
0i
Ep
i
+ g
00
E
2
= 0 g
ij
p
i
p
j
= 0.
This means:
Only the g
ij
components seem to matter.
The separability is a conformally invariant property.

Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Kaluza-Klein reduction
To deal with the rst condition, we perform a dimensional

reduction of the geometry along /t, which is spacelike in
the ergoregion.
This results in a 4-dim spacetime of the form

ds
2
4
= h
ij
dx
i
dx
j
=
2
(x, y)
_
dx
2
G(x)

dy
2
G(y)
+
A(y, x)d
2
2L(x, y)dd A(x, y)d
2
H(x, y)H(y, x)
_
where
2
(x, y) is some (fairly complicated) conformal factor
that is xed by the KK reduction, but not overly important in
what follows.
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
KK reduced geodesics
In 5D, we know all of the null geodesics with zero Noether
charge along the KK direction.
Under dimensional reduction:
Noether charge along KK direction in 5D EM charge of

orbit in 4D.
Null geodesics with zero Noether charge along KK

reduction Null geodesics in 4D.
As a result, we know all null geodesics; this is a conformally
invariant statement.
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Conformal Killing Tensors (1)
Conformal generalization of the Killing equation:
(a
K
bc)
=
(a
g
bc)
We hope that our dimensionally reduced spacetime will
possess a conformal Killing tensor; can read this off from the
separated HJ equation which takes the form
K
ij
(1)
p
i
p
j
= K
ij
(2)
p
i
p
j
= c, or explicitly:
(1 )
2
G(x)p
2
x
1
G(x)
((x)p
2
2(x)p
+ (x)p
2
) = c
(1 )
2
G(y)p
2
y
1
G(y)
((y)p
2
2(y)p
(y)p
2
) = c.
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Conformal Killing Tensors (2)
Pick most symmetric CK tensor:
K K
(1)
+ K
(2)
(note K
(1)
K
(2)
= (1 )
2
h)
This satises the conformal Killing equation. It is a Killing
tensor (ie not just conformal) in spacetime with = const (not
what we get directly by KK reduction).
We always have freedom to add on
Arbitrary multiples of the metric. (ie f (x)h

ij
for any smooth
function f )
Constant linear combinations of symmetrized products of

Killing vectors.
without affecting the conformal Killing tensor property.
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Explicit form of inverse metric and CK Tensor
h
1
2
=
_
_
_
_
_
_
G(x) 0 0 0
0
1
(1)
2
_
(x)
G(x)
+
(y)
G(y)
_
0
1
(1)
2
_
(x)
G(x)

(y)
G(y)
_
0 0 G(y) 0
0
1
(1)
2
_
(x)
G(x)

(y)
G(y)
_
0
1
(1)
2
_
(y)
G(y)
+
(x)
G(x)
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
K =
_
_
_
_
_
_
G(x) 0 0 0
0
1
(1)
2
_
(x)
G(x)

(y)
G(y)
_
0
1
(1)
2
_
(x)
G(x)
+
(y)
G(y)
_
0 0 G(y) 0
0
1
(1)
2
_
(x)
G(x)
+
(y)
G(y)
_
0
1
(1)
2
_
(y)
G(y)

(x)
G(x)
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Conformal Killing-Yano tensors
Can we explore this symmetry further?
Recall David Kubiz nks talk last term; sometimes CK

tensors have a square root, which is in some sense more
fundamental.
These conformal Killing-Yano (CKY) tensors are 2-forms

solving the conformal Killing-Yano equation
(a
k
b)c
= g
ab
(a
g
b)c
where
b
=
1
d 1
a
k
ab
,
with K
ab
k
ac
k
c
b
consequentially a CK tensor.
There is particular interest in closed CKY tensors, it turns

out Kerr-NUT-(A)dS spacetimes possess these tensors in
all dimensions.
Its natural to ask whether our dimensionally reduced

spacetime has this structure...
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Existence of a CKY tensor
Singly-spinning case
To explore this we can try to solve K
ij
k
ik
k
k
j
directly.
In the singly-spinning case this rapidly yields a solution
k =
3
_
1
_
H(x)
dx d
1
_
H(y)
dy d
_
which does satisfy the CKY equation. Note that k is also a
solution.
We could have chosen a different CK tensor to square root (eg
K
(1)
), this is a nice choice since resulting CKY 2-form is
non-degenerate.
Introduction
Summary
Geodesics
New Coordinates
Hidden Symmetries
Existence of a CKY tensor
Doubly-spinning case
No CKY tensor exists for any doubly-spinning black ring.
Proof is conceptually straightforward: prove that K

ij
k
ik
k
k
j
has no solutions.
Subtlety is that we have allow for adding on multiples of

metric/Killing vectors.
End result: The 4d spacetime obtained by KK reducing a

black ring possesses a CKY tensor if and only if the
associated ring is singly-spinning.
Introduction
Summary
Summary
We have shown
The ergosurface topology of the doubly spinning black ring

can be either S
1
S
2
or S
3
S
3
.
Null, zero energy geodesics can be described analytically

for the doubly spinning black ring.
These geodesics cross the horizon, and can hence be

used to construct new coordinates that are regular at the
horizon.
The extra symmetry allowing for this separation can be

related to the existence of a conformal Killing tensor in a
related 4-dimensional space.
Other questions
What happens in the unbalanced case?
Klein-Gordon equation?
Maximal analytic extension?

Introduction
Summary
The end
.
Introduction
Summary
Carter, B. (1968).
Global Structure of the Kerr Family of Gravitational Fields.
Phys. Rev. 174, 155971.
Chrusciel, P. T. and Cortier, J. (2008).
On the geometry of Emparan-Reall black rings .
Elvang, H. and Rodriguez, M. J. (2008).
Bicycling Black Rings.
JHEP 04, 045.
Emparan, R. and Reall, H. S. (2002).
A rotating black ring in ve dimensions.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 101101.
Hoskisson, J. (2007).
Particle Motion in the Rotating Black Ring Metric .
Morisawa, Y., Tomizawa, S. and Yasui, Y. (2008).
Introduction
Summary
Boundary Value Problem for Black Rings.
Phys. Rev. D77, 064019.
Pomeransky, A. A. and Senkov, R. A. (2006).
Black ring with two angular momenta .
Walker, M. and Penrose, R. (1970).
On Quadratic First Integrals of the Geodesic Equations for
Type [22] Spacetimes.
Commun. Math. Phys. 18, 265274.

Mark Durkee - Geodesics and Symmetries of Doubly-Spinning Black Rings

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Mark Durkee - Geodesics and Symmetries of Doubly-Spinning Black Rings

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mark Durkee - Geodesics and Symmetries of Doubly-Spinning Black Rings

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Introduction

Geodesics and Symmetries

Most strikingly, can have black holes horizons of

Black hole uniqueness is violated.

Lots of new solutions with disconnected event horizons

In d = 5 there are good solution generating methods, lots

Possible solutions for d > 5 largely unknown. Lots more

A black ring is a stationary black hole spacetime with a

Black ring solutions of the vacuum Einstein equations are

Only known analytically in asymptotically at case, would

Black rings must rotate about the S

The minimum angular momentum is greater than the

R sets the lengthscale, sets shape of the ring.

< t < , 1 x 1, < y 1, 0 < 2 and

Asymptotically at, regular solution of the vacuum Einstein

Probably the most general regular solution with S

The unbalanced generalization is really unpleasant, but

Parameter space (M, J

In rotating black hole spacetimes, there is often a region

Corresponds to a region where the asymptotically timelike

The Kerr metric is the standard example of this.

The ergosurface is the outer boundary of the ergoregion.

Singly spinning black ring has an ergosurface of topology

It turns out to be more complicated in the doubly spinning

Geodesic motion in a spacetime can be described by

This is really the mass shell condition in disguise:

We look for a Hamilton Principal Function S(; t, x, y, , )

We have three Killing vectors, and hence three conserved

More remarkably, the Hamilton-Jacobi equation has

These can exist in the ergoregion, where

What are the geodesic paths?

Described by effective potential type equations:

Can do some detailed analysis on allowed values of the

The particle comes out of the white hole horizon, moves

The parameter c described how close to the ergosurface a

Rotation in the direction is optional. If = 0 then the

The black ring has two axes of symmetry, actually

Fixed point sets of Killing vectors / and /, given by

They are totally geodesic submanifolds, ie a geodesic lying

Can therefore eliminate one of x or y, and studying

[Hoskisson(2007)] does this in detail for the singly spinning

Standard black ring coordinates break down at the event

Might want to construct maximal analytic extension (cf

We know a family of null geodesics that cross the horizon,

This suggests a set of coordinates that must be regular as

Must be well-dened, but a bit of a mess in practice...look

There is a nice (sort of) symmetry between (x, ) and (y, )

Also want to leave the Killing vectors unchanged, ie to have

Most general coordinate change compatible with this is

We choose just 3 new coords that are constant along

Can we nd explicit, non-separable solution to the PDE?

It seems that we have to lower our aims; just look to make

Is the rst explicit form of the metric in the literature to be

There are three free parameters in it; any two are

Covers the entire horizon when = 0, except it retains

Things were simpler than we expected. Did we miss some

In 5 dimensions, expect to need 5 conserved quantities to