PHYSICS

Class Topics II IIT-JEE Achiever BASECamp 2011-12 Solution to Test Paper - 04 Thermal Physics I Test date 27-12-2011

Section A Multiple choice questions with one correct alternative

1. A piston made of a material of expansion coefficient 1.6 105 K 1 fits into a cylinder made of a material
of expansion coefficient 1.2 105 K 1 . Both are at a temperature of 20 C. There is an all round clearance of 0.05 mm between the piston and the cylinder when the internal diameter of the cylinder is exactly 50 mm. The temperature at which the piston exactly fits into the cylinder is (A) 220 C (B) 250 C (C) 270 C (D) 290 C Ans (C) After a rise of temperature by T, suppose the piston exactly fits the cylinder rc rp rp + p rp T = rc + c rc T T = p rp c rc
= rc rp ( p c )rp c (rc rp ) = 0.05 5000 = ~ 250C 5 (1.6 1.2)10 (50) 1.2 10 0.05 20 0.06
5

Hence T = 250 + 20 = 270C. 2. An iron scale is at 0 C and at this temperature, a zinc rod measures 1 m on this scale. Length of the zinc rod as measured by the iron scale when both are at 100 C is (Given zinc = 26 106 K1 and iron = 12 106 K1) (A) 1.0014 cm (B) 1.0038 cm (C) 1.0026 cm (D) 1.0012 cm Ans (A) length of the zinc rod at 100o C l0 (1 + z t ) Length measured at 100C = = length of the iron scale at 100o C l0 (1 + i t ) = 1 + 26 10 4 1 + 0.0026 = (1 + 0.0026) (10.0012) = 1 + (0.0026 0.0012) = 1.0014 cm = 1 + 12 10 4 1 + 0.0012

3. A vessel from which the air is rapidly being pumped out contains a small amount of water at 0 C. The intensive evaporation causes a gradual freezing of water. The fraction of the original amount of water that can be converted into ice is nearly. (A) 0.13 (B) 0.50 (C) 0.75 (D) 0.87

Ans (D)
The heat necessary for vapourisation comes only from the latent heat of fusion liberated when the water freezes. Suppose m is the mass of water out of which ms is converted into steam and mi is converted into ice. Then msLv = mi Lf
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(m m i )L v = m i L f
m i 540 = = 0.87 m 620

Lv mi 540 = = m L v + L f 540 + 80

4. The heights of a liquid in a U-tube is l1 in a limb which is maintained at a temperature t1 C and l2 in a limb which is maintained at a temperature t2 C. The cubical expansion coefficient of the liquid is l l 2(l2 l1 ) l2 l1 (l l ) (A) (B) 2 1 (C) (D) 3 2 1 l1t1 l2 t 2 l1t 2 l2 t1 l1t 2 l2 t1 (l1t 2 l2 t1 )

Ans (B) Since the liquid is in hydrostatic equilibrium, the pressure exerted by the two columns of the liquid at the bottom must be the same. l l Hence 1gl1 = 2 gl2 0 1 = 0 2 1 + t1 1 + t 2 l l l1 (1 + t 2 ) = l2 (1 + t1 ) = 2 1 l1t 2 l2 t1

t2
l2

l1

t1

5. Four square pieces of insulation of two different materials, all with the same thickness and area A, are available to cover an opening of area 2A. This can be done in either of the two ways. If the rate of heat flow is Q1 and Q2 in the figure (1) and (2), then (A) Q1 = Q2 (B) Q1 < Q2 k1 k1 k1 Q2 k2 (C) Q1 > Q2 (D) Q1 = k2 k2 2 k1 Ans (C) k2 4k 1 k 2 Q1 k1 + k2; Q2 Fig. (1) Fig. (2) k1 + k 2

Q1 k1 + k 2 ( k + k 2 ) 2 ( k 1 k 2 ) 2 + 4k 1 k 2 (k k 2 ) 2 = = 1 = = 1+ 1 >1 Q 2 4k 1 k 2 / k 1 + k 2 4k 1 k 2 4k 1 k 2 4k 1 k 2

Hence, Q1 > Q2 6. At low temperature, the thermal conductivity of a metal varies as K = CT, where C is a constant. The rate of flow of heat through a rod of length L and cross-sectional area A whose ends are at temperature T1 and T2 is given by CA 2 CA 2 CA CA (A) (B) (C) (D) (T1 T22 ) (T1 + T22 ) (T1 T2 ) (T1 + T2 ) 2L 2L 2L 2L Ans (A) dT dT Heat current H = kA = CTA Hdx = CATdT dx dx
H dx = CA TdT HL = CA (T12 T22 ) / 2 H =
0 T1

T2

CA 2 (T1 T22 ) 2L

7. The radiation power of a black body is 10 kW. The radiating area of the body, if the wavelength corresponding to the maximum energy density is 7 105 cm is nearly (A) 60 cm (B) 6.0 cm2 (C) 6 m2 (D) 60 m2 Ans (B)
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2.9 10 3 2 .9 = 10 4 5 2 7 7 10 10 Energy radiated by the body of area A is given by From T = 2.9 10 3 ; T =

2.9 E = AT 4 ; 10 4 = A (5.67 10 8 ) 10 4 7
4

8. A steel drill is driven by a torque

20 N m employed to drill a hole in a steel block at a frequency of 240 rpm, their combined mass being 400 g. If 60 % of the mechanical work gets consumed in heating up, the rate of rise of temperature of the drill block system is (Given specific heat of steel is 480 J Kg1 K1) 50 5 (A) 5 Ks1 (B) (C) Ks 1 (D) 0.5 Ks1 Ks 1 6 6 Ans (D) 240 2 dW d 20 Power generated, = = = 160 W dt dt 60 dT dW Rae of rise in temperature, is given by mc = 60% dt dt 0.6 160 dT 0 .6 1 = = = 0.5 Ks dt 400 10 3 480 1.2

Multiple choice questions with one or more than one correct alternative/s

9. Two rods of equal cross sections, one of copper and another of steel are joined to form a composite rod of length 2.0 m at 20 C. The length of copper rod is 0.5 m. When the temperature is raised to 120 C, the length of the composite rod increases to 2.002 m. If the composite rod is fixed between two rigid walls, the length of the component rods also do not change with increase in temperature. If Ycopper = 1.3 1011 Nm 2 and c = 1.6 105 K 1
(A) Ysteel = 0.26 1011 Nm 2 (C) steel = 80 106 K 1 (B) Ysteel = 2.6 1011 Nm 2 (D) steel = 8.0 106 K 1

Ans (B) and (D) Total change in length of the composite rod, l = 0.002 But l = lc + ls = lc c T + ls s T
0.002 = 0.5 1.6 105 100 + 1.5 s 100 s = 8 106 K 1
Since there is no change in the length of individual rods, the thermal stress is the same in both. Hence Y Ys s T = Yc c T Ys = c c s Ys = 1.3 1011 1.6 105 = 2.6 1011 Nm 2 8 106

10. An iron wire AB of length 3 m at 0 C is fixed rigidly at points A and B in a brass frame as shown. The diameter of the wire is 0.6 mm If the temperature of the system is raised to 60 C, (Given, brass = 18 106 K1; iron =12 106, Yiron = 2 1011 Nm2) (A) the net extension of the iron wire is 0.002 16 m (B) the net extension of the brass frame is 0.00324 m

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(C) the extra tension in the iron wire is 20.34 N (D) extra stress in the iron wire is 7.2 107 Nm2

Ans (B), (C) and (D)

lbrass = l (1 + b T) = 3 (1 + 18 60 106) = 3.00324 m liron = l (1 + i T) = 3 (1 + 12 60 106) = 3.00216 m net extension of iron wire is = 3.00324 3.00216 = 0.00108 m YAe 2 1011 (0.3 10 3 ) 2 0.00108 = = 20.34 N extra tension in the iron wire F = l 3.00216 F 20.34 extra stress in the iron wire, = = = 7.2 10 7 Nm 2 A (0.3 10 3 ) 2
Each of the following questions consists of a statementI and a StatementII. Examine both of them and select one of the options using the following codes

(A) Statement-I and Statement-II are true and the Statement -II is the correct explanation of the Statement-I. (B) Statement-I and Statement-II are true, but the Statement-II is not the correct explanation of the Statement -I (C) The Statement-I is true, but the Statement -II is false (D) The Statement-I is false, but the Statement -II is true
11. Statement-I: Heat from sun reaches earth by radiation. Statement-II: Fluids can be heated only by convection. Ans (C) 12. Statement 1: A refrigerator should not be defrosted periodically Statement 2: Ice formed inside delays cooling of the objects inside the refrigerator Ans (D) 13. Statement 1: When ice is added to water at 20 C, it cools faster from 20 C to 4 C but slower after 4 C. Statement 2: Thermal conductivity of water decreases with temperature faster in the range 20 C to 4 C but slower in the range 4 C to 0 C. Ans (C)
Read the passage given below and answer the following questions by choosing the correct alternative

A thin cylindrical metal pipe is carrying steam at 100 C. The pipe has a diameter of 5 cm and is wrapped with a thickness of 2.5 cm of fiberglass insulation. A length 10 m of the pipe passes through a room whose temperature is 25 C 14. The rate at which the heat energy passes through the insulation is (Given k for fibre glass = 0.05 W/m-K) (A) 78.3 W (B) 783 W (C) 340 W (D) 34.0 W Ans (C) Consider a cylindrical shell of radius r (where r2 > r > r1) and thickness dr. The heat current through this T2 C shell is given by
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r1

r r2

T1 C

H = kA H

dT dT = k (2rl ) dr dr

dr = 2kldT r
r2

Integrating, H
H=

r1

r dr = 2kl dT Hln 2 = 2kl (T1 T2 ) r r1 T

T2

2kl (T1 T2 ) r ln 2 r 1

2 3.41 (0.05)10(100 25) 2 3.14 0.5 75 = = = 340 W 2.303 0.3010 5 ln 2 .5

15. To decrease the heat transfer rate by half, the thickness of the insulation must be increased by a factor of (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5 Ans (B) Suppose the thickness of the insulation is (r2 r1 ) r ln 2 r1 1 H 1 Then H ; 2 = r r r 2 ln 2 ln 2 ln 2 r r1 r1 1
r r r ln 2 = 2ln 2 = ln 2 r r1 r1 1
2

r2 r22 r 2 52 = 2 r2 = 2 = = 10 cm r1 r1 r1 2.5

The original thickness of insulation = 2.5 cm The new thickness of insulation = (10 2.5) cm = 7.5 cm Hence, the thickness has to be increased by a factor 3. 16. If the diameter of the pipe is doubled, to keep the same heat transfer rate across the insulation, the thickness of the insulation has to be increased by a factor of (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5 Ans (A) 2 kl (T1 T2 ) r ; if H is constant 2 = constant H= r1 r ln 2 r 1 r2 r2 r r r r r = 2 1 = 2 1 r2 r1 = 1 (r2 r1 ) = 2(r2 r1 ) r1 r1 r1 r1 r1
Numerical problems

1. In a cold country where the temperature of air falls to 40 C, an ice layer of 20 cm is formed on the 33 surface of a lake. If the rate of increase of the thickness of ice layer is 10 7 m s 1, calculate the x 1 1 value of x. (Given: Thermal conductivity of ice = 1.68 W m K , density of ice = 920 kg m 3, latent heat of ice = 336 103 J kg1 K1) Ans 3 Let x be the thickness of ice layer at any instant t. In the next short interval dt, let the thickness increase dx by dx. Then the rate of increase of thickness of ice layer is . dt
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But Q =

kA (1 2 )dt kA (1 2 )dt and Q = (A dx )L (A dx )L = x x dx k (1 2 ) = dt Lx 1.68 40 = = 1.1 10 6 m s 1 3 2 920 336 10 20 10

2. A mercury thermometer reads 99.25 C when the bulb of the thermometer alone is immersed in a steam bath. It reads 100.5 C when both the bulb and the stem are inside the steam bath. If the cubical expansion coefficient of mercury is 2 x 10 5 k 1 find the value of x. (Given, g = 8 10 6 k 1 and room temperature 20 C)

Ans 9
Correct temp = 99.25 + expansion of mercury column. When its temperature rises from 20 C to 100.5 C 100.5 = 99.25 + (99.25) app (100.5 20) 1.25 app = = 15.64 10 5 99.25 80.5 real = app + 3 g = 15.64 10 5 + 24 10 6 = 18 10 5 K 1 .

3. A calorimeter containing first 40 g and then 100 g of water is heated and suspended in the same constant temperature enclosure. It is found that the time taken to cool from 50 C to 40 C in the two cases are 20 15 and 33 minutes respectively. If the water equivalent of the calorimeter is g , then find the value x of x.

Ans 2
In its simplest form Newtons law of cooling is dT mc = k (T T0 ) dt 10 In the first case (40 + w ) = k (45 T0 ) 15 10 In the second case (100 + w ) = k (45 T0 ) 33 10 10 (40 + w ) = (100 + w ) w = 10 g 15 33 4. A stone slab of area 3600 cm2 and thickness 10 cm is exposed on the lower surface to steam at 100 C. A block of ice at 0 C rests on the upper surface of the slab. If in one hour 4.8 kg of ice is melted, the thermal conductivity of stone is x 103 cal cm1 s1 C1, then find the value of x. Ans 3 Q dT Q(dx ) (mL)(dx ) (4.8 103 )(80)(10) = kA = = = 3 10 3 cal cm 1s 1 C 1 t dx AtdT Atdt 3600 60 60 100

II IIT-JEE Achiever BASECamp 2011-12 / Physics / Solution to Test Paper - 04

Choose the appropriate entry/entries from column II to match each of the entries of the column I.

1. A uniform disc of mass m, radius r, and thermal expansion coefficient is spinning with an angular velocity . If the temperature of the disc is increased by T.

Column I
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) The fractional increase in its angular (P) momentum is The fractional increase in its angular (Q) velocity is The fractional increase in linear velocity of (R) the rim is The fractional increase in radius is (S)

Column II + T
T 2T Zero

(iv) (P) dL Since angular momentum is conserved =0 L dL dI d d d Since L = I ; 0 = 2T + = 2T = + L I dv dr d Since v = r ; = + = T 2T = T v r 2. A glass weight thermometer is filled with mercury at 0 C and when heated to 100 C, 7.785 g of mercury over flows and 450.0 g remains in the thermometer. When glycerine is filled with the same weight thermometer, the corresponding figures are 2.173 g and 41.0 g (real)mercury = 0.000183 K1

Ans (i) (S) ; (ii) (R) ; (iii) (Q)

Column I (i) app for mercury (ii) app for glycerine (iii) real for glycerine
(iv) for glass is

(P) (Q) (R) (S)

Column II 10 106 K1 540 106 K1 530 106 K1

173 106 K1

Ans (i) S; (ii) R; (iii) Q; (iv) P m 7.785 app for mercury = = = 0.000173o C 1 = 173 10 6 k 1 m 0 T 4500 100 m 2.173 app for glycerine = = = 0.000530 o C 1 = 530 10 6 k 1 m 0 T 41 100
for glass = (real app)mercury = 0.000183 0.000173 = 0.000010C1 = 10 106 k-1 real for glycerine = app + g = 0.000530 + 0.000010 = 0.000540C1 = 540 106 k-1

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