Ghanshyam Thori Geography of India Physical Divisions Why are the Aravallis called a divide between Mewar &

; Marwar? (10 Marks) Drainage Why do rivers of west coast do not form delta? (10 Marks) Describe the characteristics of the rivers of peninsular India? (10 Marks)

Geography of India

Climate & Monsoons: Explain how the Himalayan & Tibetan Highlands play an important role in the development of the South-West monsoon. (10 Marks) Discuss the distribution of winds & rainfall over India in the summer monsoon season. (10 Marks) Explain the causes of Indian monsoon. (10 Marks) Had there been no Himalayas, what would have been the winter climate in North India? (10 Marks) Mention the agro-climatic regions of India stating the basis of classification. (10 Marks) Soils Soil Erosion What is wasteland? Write a note on prospects of waste land development in India. (10 Marks) Vegetation What are mangroves & in what way are they useful to us? (10 Marks) Road-Railways-Waterways-Air Transport Technological changes have brought in a major shift in the use of roads as transport corridors in India. How far do you agree with this view? (10 Marks) What is Golden Quadrilateral? How will it help in the economic development of the country? Population Geography State four distinctive stages of Indian Demographic history. (10 Marks) Settlements: Explain the nature & causes of growing slum problems in metropolitan cities of India. (10 Marks) Agriculture, Livestock & Fishery Blue revolution has definite advantages in India but it is not free from environmental impacts. Discuss. Give an account of the Tea Plantations of Assam & West Bengal & state the economic significance of these plantations. (10 Marks) Industry: Account for the very high concentration of salt extraction in industries in the Saurasthra & South Tamilnadu coast. (10 Marks) Resources Ghanshyam Thori 1 Geography of India

Ghanshyam Thori

Geography of India

What are the resource base available for the economic development of the newly created states of Jharkhand & Uttaranchal? (10 Marks) Examine the distribution of oil refineries in India. (10 Marks)

Tribes & Races Explain the major racial groups of India. (10 Marks) Energy Bring out the prospects of development of alternative energy sources in India. (10 Marks) Political/Regional Geography Political boundary and regional boundaries need to be co-terminus. Do you agree? (10 Marks) Define the concept of Growth Centres & evaluate its relevance in regional planning of India. Miscellaneous Elucidate the factors contributing to the growing need of water harvesting in India, both rural & urban.

2 Markers UPSC 2007 Special Economic Zone Inceptisols (2M) Causes of Chambal ravines Jarawas (2 Marks) Indira Point Mixed Economy Winter rains in India New Moore Land National Water Grid Hussain Sagar Regurs Karewas Negative Impacts of Shifting Cultivation Causes of droughts in India UPSC 2003 Terai Region Areas of Shola Forest in India Who are Todas & where do they live. Four Principal Languages of Andaman & Nicobar Island MRTS? Where is it going on? Petroleum Producing areas of India. Jhum Cultivation Processes & Consequences Kaziranga National Park Census definition of urban places Khetri Copper Project El Nino Hirakud Project Glacier Two Prominet left bank tributaries of Ganga Equinox Linguistic Regions of India Nagarjunasagar Project Mango Showers Multi Level Planning in India Geography of India

UPSC 2006

UPSC 2002

UPSC 2005

UPSC 2001

Significance of Chilka Lake El Nino, La Nina & the UPSC Monsoon Rains 2004 The Sambhar Lake The Sunderbans Bombay High Ghanshyam Thori

UPSC 2000

Ghanshyam Thori Sabarkantha & Banaskantha Indias Laterite Soils

Geography of India

Gonds Bhils Santhals Minas Oraons Mundas Khonds Tharu Chenchu Todas Lahaula Adivasis Badagas Baiga Bakkarwals Bhotias Bhuia Birhors Gaddis Gujjars Irula Kanikar Katkari Kharia Khasa Lahualas Moplahs Sabra Kol Kolam Kotas Murias Uralis Varlis Yurva Badgis Garasiya Ghanshyam Thori

Tribal Groups of India Largest tribe found in M.P., Jharkhand, A.P., Orissa & Maharashtra. M.P, Gujarat, Rajasthan, A.P., Karnataka, Tripura West Bengal, Bihar-Jharkhand & Orissa Rajasthan & MP. Account for 50% tribal population of Rajasthan Bihar-Jharkhand, M.P.-Chattisgarh, Orissa, West Bengal & Maharashtra. Speak Kurukh Language Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Orissa, West Bengal & Tripura Orissa is mainland. Also found in Bihar, AP, MP, West Bengal. Uttaranchal & MP Andhra Pradesh Nilgiri Hills. Classic example of polyandry. Himachal Pradesh Bastar district, Chattisgarh Nilgiri region, Tamil Nadu M.P. J&K Uttaranchal, Sikkim & West Bengal M.P. M.P., Chattisgarh, Jharkhand & Orissa Himachal Pradesh J&K & Himachal Pradesh Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu M.P. M.P. Jaunsar region, Uttaranchal Lahual region, Himachal Pradesh Muslims of Malabar district, Kerala M.P. M.P. & Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Nilgiri Hills Bastar District, Chattisgarh Kerala Maharashtra, Gujarat, Dadra & Nagar Haveli Tamil Nadu Rajmahal hills, Bihar. Belong to Negrito Race Rajasthan 3 Geography of India

Ghanshyam Thori Nilgiri Region Badagas, Todas, Kotas Tamil Nadu Irula, Kanikar, Yurva (YIK) (Dont Confuse with Varlis & Uralis).

Geography of India

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

Khasis Mikirs Kukis Angami Ao Apatani Chutra Garos Jaintia Sema Lushai Lepchas Abors Chakma Chang Gallong Jarawas Onges Shompens Sentinelese Great Andamanese

Tribes of the North East & Andaman Nicobar Meghalaya & Tripura Assam Manipur, Assam, Nagaland & Tripura Nagaland Nagaland Arunachal Pradesh Assam Meghalaya & Assam Meghalaya & Assam Nagaland Mizoram & Tripura Original Tribals of Sikkim Arunachal Pradesh Tripura A Naga tribe Tribe of Arunachal Pradesh Andaman & Nicobar. Negrito Andaman & Nicobar. Negritos racial stock. Andaman & Nicobar. Belong to mongoloid stock like nicobarese & inhabit Great Nicobar. Andaman & Nicobar. Inhabit sentinel island. Negrito Negrito

Command Area Development (CAD)

Ghanshyam Thori

The Command Area Development Programme (CADP) started in 1974-75 as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme, envisaged execution of on-farm development works like field channels, land levelling, field drains and conjunctive use of ground and surface water; the introduction of Warabandi, or the rotational system of water distribution to ensure equitable and timely supply of water to each holding; and evolving and propagating crop patterns and water management practices appropriate to each command area. Other ancilliary activities like construction of link roads, godowns and market centres, arrangements for supply of inputs and credits, agricultural extension and development of ground water for conjunctive use 4 Geography of India

Ghanshyam Thori Social Forestry

Geography of India are also taken up as part of the relevant sectoral programmes in the State Plan The National Commission on Agriculture, Government of India, first used the term social forestry in 1976. It was then that India embarked upon a social forestry project with the aim of taking the pressure off the forests and making use of all unused and fallow land. Government forest areas that are close to human settlement and have been degraded over the years due to human activities needed to be afforested. Trees were to be planted in and around agricultural fields. Plantation of trees along railway lines and roadsides, and river and canal banks were carried out. They were planted in village common land, Government wasteland and Panchayat land. Social forestry scheme can be categorized into groups: farm forestry, community forestry, extension forestry and agro-forestry. 1. Farm forestry At present in almost all the countries where social forestry programmes have been taken up, both commercial and non commercial farm forestry is being promoted in one form or the other. Individual farmers are being encouraged to plant trees on their own farmland to meet the domestic needs of the family. In many areas this tradition of growing trees on the farmland already exists. Non-commercial farm forestry is the main thrust of most of the social forestry projects in the country today. It is not always necessary that the farmer grows trees for fuel wood, but very often they are interested in growing trees without any economic motive. They may want it to provide shade for the agricultural crops; as wind shelters; soil conservation or to use wasteland. 2. Community forestry Another scheme taken up under the social forestry programme, is the raising of trees on community land and not on private land as in farm forestry. All these programmes aim to provide for the entire community and not for any individual. The government has the responsibility of providing seedlings, fertilizer but the community has to take responsibility of protecting the trees. Some communities manage the plantations sensibly and in a sustainable manner so that the village continues to benefit. Some others took advantage and sold the timber for a shortterm individual profit. Common land being everyones land is very easy to exploit. Over the last 20 years, large-scale planting of Eucalyptus, as a fast growing exotic, has occurred in India, making it a part of the drive to reforest the subcontinent, and create an adequate supply of timber for rural communities under the augur of social forestry. 3. Extension forestry Planting of trees on the sides of roads, canals and railways, along with planting on wastelands is known as extension forestry, increasing the boundaries of forests. Under this project there has been creation a of wood lots in the village common lands, government wastelands and panchayat lands. Schemes for afforesting degraded government forests that are close to villages are being carried out all over the country. 4. Agro- forestry Planting of trees on and around agricultural boundaries, and on marginal, private lands, in combination with agricultural crops is known as agro-forestry. 5 Geography of India

Ghanshyam Thori

Ghanshyam Thori

Geography of India Social forestry, schemes that have been started all over the country have made a considerable difference in overall forest cover in a short time.

Ghanshyam Thori

Geography of India