MSE/ECE 310

MSE/ECE 310

Phonons
Longitudinal Lattice Wave (phonon)

Phonons

Phonon Dispersion Relation for a monatomic lattice

vg =
s+p = specific plane us+p = displacement
Knowlton

= 0 at the Brillouin zone boundaries. k

p = whole number
1
Knowlton

Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 6th Ed (Wiley, 1986) Ch. 4

Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 6th Ed (Wiley, 1986) Ch. 4

MSE/ECE 310

MSE/ECE 310

Phonons

Phonons
Phonon Dispersion Relation for Diatomic Linear Lattice

1 1 2 2c + m1 m2

2c m2 2c m1

McKelvey, Solid State Physics for Engineering & Materials Science, (Krieger, 1993) Ch. 3
Knowlton

Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 6th Ed (Wiley, 1986) Ch. 4

Knowlton

MSE/ECE 310

MSE/ECE 310

Phonons

Phonons

u k
u & k Are perpendicular for a transverse phonon

Blakemore, Solid State Physics, 2nd Ed (Cambridge, 1985) Ch. 2

Whether a vibrational mode is longitudinal or transverse, a given atomic amplitude of motion requires much more energy for a long wave optical than acoustic mode. Why? B/c optical modes minimize changes in 2nd n.n. separation by maximizing separation between n.n.s. N.n. interaction greater than any other n.n. interaction, therefore, energy required for n.n. separation greater than any other separation. KnowltonU = dF/dx integrate under curves to get energy.

Knowlton

MSE/ECE 310

MSE/ECE 310

Phonons Dispersion Curves

Phonons

P.Y. Yu & M. Cardona, Fundamentals of Semiconductors, (Springer, 1996) Ch. 3

Knowlton

Blakemore, Solid State Physics, 2nd Ed (Cambridge, 1985) Ch. 2 7

Knowlton

MSE/ECE 310

MSE/ECE 310

Phonons
Phonon Combination Bands (two phonon overtone bands)

Phonon Imaging
Phonon Transmission study:
65% transmission of ballistic phonons
fast transverse <111>

slow transverse <110>

unbonded border side between top & bottom

Blakemore, Solid State Physics, 2nd Ed (Cambridge, 1985) Ch. 2

unbonded side

Dark Matter Detector Sensing Phonon Using Ge:Au:Ge Eutectic Bonding

Knowlton

Knowlton

10

MSE/ECE 310

MSE/ECE 310

Phonon Imaging
Phonon Transmission study:
Sample configuration
2750 2500 2250

Phonon Imaging
Phonon Transmission study:
Time of flight
Integration: FTA Spectrum - Side Without Interface Area Peak at Width Height 377.64547 1.57617 0.21094 1269 Integration: FTA Spectrum - Side With Interface Area Peak at Width Height 693.59764 1.49414 0.19922 2515 % Phonon Transmission = Area1/Area2 x 100 = 55%

3mm

1250 1000 750 500 250 0 -250 0.0 0.5

Laser Pulse

E In utec te ti rfa c ce

4mm

Transition Edge Detector

Phonon Image Side Phonon Image Side

Bolometer Intensity (arbitrary units)

2000 1750 1500

FTA TOF - No Bond (A1) FTA TOF - With Bond (B1)

380m

Ballistic

900m

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

Time (s)

Laser Pulse Scan Side Laser Pulse Scan Side

Fast tranverse optical phonon Slow transverse optical phonon If we examine TOF data from phonon imaging study Notice that time at peak max is no more than 1 s

Dark Matter Detector Sensing Phonon Using Ge:Au:Ge Eutectic Bonding

Knowlton

11

Knowlton

Dark Matter Detector Sensing Phonon Using Ge:Au:Ge Eutectic Bonding

12

MSE/ECE 310

MSE/ECE 310

Phonon Imaging
Phonon Transmission study:
Prototype Dark Matter Detector Really a phonon detector

Phonons Local Vibrational Modes

Si O interstitial Si
Oi

Si Si Si [111]

Energy (meV)
62 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 496

(m)
20 15 6000
Transmittance (arb. units)

10

5
4000

2.5

3500

5000

Transmittance (arb. units)

3000

2500

4000 3000 2000 1000 0

2000 1100

1110

1120

1130

1140

1150

1160

1170

1136.4 cm

-1

Knowlton

Dark Matter Detector Sensing Phonon Using Ge:Au:Ge Eutectic Bonding

500
Knowlton LVM of O

1000

1500

2000

2500

Wave Number (cm )

Knowlton, U.C. Berkeley, ~1995

-1

3000

3500

4000

13

Knowlton

14