UNDERSTANDING INVERTERS

By Flavious Coffee

What is an inverter? An inverter is a machine that can provide alternative power to mains power (ZESA). Its technical definition being that it is a device that converts direct current (dc) into alternating current (ac). Ac is the usual power we get from ZESA or from a generator. An inverter falls in the same class as generators for providing backup power. In fact one may have to decide whether they really need a generator or an inverter. How does an inverter operate? From the definition it is clear that for an inverter to operate there should be dc which is mainly found in batteries. The inverter just changes the voltage in batteries (dc) into what we need to power our appliances (ac). After some time the battery voltage runs out and no more power is produced. The backup time, which is the amount of time the batteries operate before they run out, is determined by the size of the batteries and the amount of load on the inverter. Some inverters have built in chargers which allow the batteries to be charged whenever mains power (ZESA) is available. The batteries may also be charged by solar in the case of solar systems. Advantages and Disadvantages of inverters compared to generators Advantages 1. They do not pollute the environment by either noise or smoke. 2. They are no running costs involved except to replace batteries after every four years. 3. They are easy to operate; only the press of a button, otherwise they operate automatically. 4. Since they are usually installed indoors, they are convenient security wise and operation wise. 5. They can be easily made to operate automatically. 6. The inverter is durable as it does a minimal number of moving parts. 7. The system is neat and safe since no oil or fuel leaks occur. The hazards of fuel handling and storage are out of the question.

Disadvantages 1. For the same size, inverters are more expensive to buy compared to generators 2. If the power cuts are too long, batteries will run out and render the inverter system useless until batteries have been charged. Charging by solar can eliminate this problem. Misconceptions about Inverters. 1. Inverters cannot operate stove or heavy machines. Inverters may be available up to 50kva and hence can operate stoves and other heavy machines. The problem is about the costs. For example for a 5kva

UNDERSTANDING INVERTERS
By Flavious Coffee

inverter system with enough batteries to last for cooking the cost is not less than $6000. Compare this with a 5kva generator which costs around $1000. 2. I can use my car/truck battery for the inverter. Car batteries are mainly designed to start a vehicle and when the engine is running they are charging. If used for an inverter, they provide a short backup time, sometimes 15 minutes only, because deep, slow discharge is not their strength and use. Only deep cycle batteries should be used for inverters. 3. Inverters are not durable. Like everything else the cheap poor quality ones do not last. Genuine high quality inverters can last as long as your genuine good quality television. 4. I can install an inverter on my own. Inverters require a professional technician to install properly. Improper installation can damage the inverter or your appliances.

What to look for when buying an inverter?

1. Check for the wave, pure sine wave is best, modified sine wave is better and square wave is a waste of money. 2. A good inverter should have an in-built charger, unless it to be used for solar. 3. Know the capacity (in watts) of the inverter you need. For some inverters (pure sine wave), 1400VA is equal to 1400watts but for some (modified sine wave), 2000VA is equal to 1200watts, hence the 1400VA is bigger than the 2000VA. 4. A good inverter should have overload warning and protection.

Finally Clients are always asking me; which is better, inverter or generator? Well, it depends on several factors like the length of power cuts and the load to be powered. After everything has been said and done the conclusion of the matter is that inverters are more suitable for light duty purpose (lights, TV, entertainment, computer e.t.c) and where the power cuts are for hours and not days.

Flavious Coffee who is Technical Manager at Folsub Investments has worked in power generation and distribution for more than 11 years. He can be contacted through email, tech@folsub.co.zw or coffeeflavious@hotmail.com.