Air Car

PROJECT REPORT
ON

AIR CAR ENGINES

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MUKESH PATEL SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT & ENGINEERING

VILE PARLE (WEST) MUMBAI - 400056.

PREPARED & SUBMITTED BY

GROUP MEMBERS:

217 209 231 220

AIR CAR

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GROUP MEMBERS:

217- Yaonik Himmatramka 209- Neel Dalal 231- Ishan Pratap 220- Kartik Gopalakrishnan
Under Guidance of

Prof. Girish Bagle

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COST SHEET
Sr. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Description Air Tanks Tires Air Motor Pedestrian Bearing Chassis Wooden Base Sprocket Big Sprocket Small Tool Steel Axle Sprocket Chains Brake Set Seat Fabrication, Welding and finishing Total Numbers 2 4 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 Cost 3800 1900 4500 500 1000 700 250 600 500 400 100 200 3000 17400

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
No Endeavour achieves success without the advice and co-operation of others
It is indeed a matter of great pleasure and proud privilege to able to present this project on AIR CAR. The completion of the project work is a milestone in a student life and its execution is inevitable in the hands of guide. We are highly indebted the project guide HOD. Mr. A. C.Mehta. Sir for his valuable guidance and appreciation for giving from and substance to this report. It is due to his enduring efforts, patience, trust on us and enthusiasm, which has given us sense of direction and purposefulness to this project and ultimately made it a success. We would like to tender our sincere thanks to staff members for their cooperation. We would also like to thank the non-teaching staff and our fellow friends who helped us all the time in one way or other. Really it is impossible to repay the debt of all the people who have directly or indirectly helped us for performing the project.

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Index
INTRODUCTION TO AIR CAR Act
Construction Working Calculations Material Selection Car Layout

Check

Do

Advantages & Limitation

Of Air Car Of Air Car and IC Engine

Future Scope
Details of Future Modification Pictorial Imagination

Conclusion:
Standard Orientated Practice Conclusion

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INTRODUCTION

ABOUT AIR CAR:

The worlds first commercial compressed air-powered vehicle is rolling towards the production line. The Air Car, developed by ex-Formula One engineer Guy Negre, will be built by Indias largest automaker, Tata Motors.

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The Air Car uses compressed air to push its engines pistons. It is anticipated that approximately 6000 Air Cars will be cruising the streets of India by 2008. If the manufacturers have no surprises up their exhaust pipes the car will be practical and reasonably priced. The City Cat model will clock out at 68 mph with a driving range of 125 miles. Refuelling is simple and will only take a few minutes. That is, if you live nearby a gas station with custom air compressor units. The cost of a fill up is approximately $2.00. If a driver doesn't have access to a compressor station, they will be able to plug into the electrical grid and use the cars built-in compressor to refill the tank in about 4 hours. Unfortunately, the streets of North America may never see the Air Car, though; it's light-weight, glued-together fibreglass construction might not do so well in our crash tests. However, that does not mean the Air car is confined to the subcontinent. Negre has signed deals to bring its design to 12 more countries, including Germany, Israel and South Africa. And this isn't the last we'll hear of the technology. The folks making the Air Car are already working on a hybrid version that would use an on-board, gasoline-powered compressor to refill the air tanks when they run low. Negre says that technology could easily squeeze a cross country trip out of one tank of gasoline

DO:

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CONSTRUCTION:
AIR MOTOR

The Rotary Piston Unit

What he has done is to combine the pistons into a single rotary unit running on compressed air. With air to cushion the moving parts, there is no wearing of surfaces. And because this motor is designed to be mounted immediately beside the wheel with no intermediate parts to transmit motion, almost all energy is actually used to power the wheel itself. Six expansion chambers and pivoting dividers effectively convert this single rotary piston into a six-cylinder expansion motor. Turned by air pressure on its outer wall, the asymmetric cylindrical shaft driver turns an axel using two rolling elements mounted on bearings on the shaft. A thin film of air cushions the parts from wearing. To optimize performance parameters for the intended application, the motor can be easily adjusted by altering only the slotted timer (shown in yellow in the animated cutaway diagram above. If more torque is desired, the timer is set for a longer air inlet period. With the air supply limited by a shorter inlet period, the air in the chamber will perform expansion work at a much higher efficiency. The Di Pietro motor gives instant torque starting from zero RPM. The user controls motor speed and torque by throttling the air intake up or down; the controls are precise

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enough to allow for a soft start and gradual acceleration. In addition to controlling power output, the timer also determines the sound made by the motor. These motors are capable of running nearly silently; however, most people prefer to have cars make some noise as warning of their approach. Whatever the sound level chosen by the user for his application, one thing is certain: vehicles with dippier motors will not need mufflers eliminating yet another weighty structure that takes energy to move it around.

AIR TANK

Capacity: - 35 liters. Weight: - 8 kg Pressure: - 100 psi. Pressure: - 7kg/cm. Height: - 2 feet. Diameter: - 13 inches. Quantity: - 2 nos.

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CHASSIS

A chassis (pronounced TCHA-see or CHA-see) is the physical frame or structure of an automobile, an airplane, a desktop computer, or other multi-component device. Case is very similar in meaning, but tends to connote the protective aspect of the frame rather than its structure. People tend to choose one term or the other. The rest of this definition uses chassis but applies as well to the term case. Both terms (and casing) are derived from the Vulgate Latin for box . The plural form is also chassis.

STEERING MECHANISM
The basic aim of steering is to ensure that the wheels are pointing in the desired directions. This is typically achieved by a series of linkages, rods, pivots and gears. One of the fundamental concepts is that of caster angle- each wheel is steered with a pivot point ahead of the wheel; this makes the steering tend to be self-centering towards the direction travel Ackermann steering geometry The steering linkages connecting the steering box and the wheels usually conforms to a variation of Ackermann steering geometry, to account for the fact that in a turn, the inner wheel is actually travelling a path of smaller radius than the outer wheel, so that the degree of toe suitable for driving in a straight path is not suitable for turns.

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GAS WELDING PROCESS

TIG welding of a bronze sculpture Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), also known as tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, is an arc welding process that uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode to produce the weld. The weld area is protected from atmospheric contamination by a shielding gas (usually an inert gas such as argon), and a filler metal is normally used, though some welds, known as autogenously welds, do not require it. A constant-current

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welding power supply produces energy which is conducted across the arc through a column of highly ionized gas and metal vapors known as plasma. GTAW is most commonly used to weld thin sections of stainless steel and non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, magnesium, and copper alloys. The process grants the operator greater control over the weld than competing procedures such as shielded metal arc welding and gas metal arc welding, allowing for stronger, higher quality welds. However, GTAW is comparatively more complex and difficult to master, and furthermore, it is significantly slower than most other welding techniques. A related process, plasma arc welding, uses a slightly different welding torch to create a more focused welding arc and as a result is often automated.

BRAKE MECHANISM

Single-pivot side-pull caliper brakes consist of two curved arms that cross at a pivot above the wheel and hold the brake pads on opposite sides of the rim. These arms have

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extensions on one side, one attached to the cable, the other to the cable housing. When the brake lever is squeezed, the arms move together and the brake pads squeeze the rim. These brakes are simple and effective for relatively narrow tyres but have significant flex and resulting poor performance if the arms are made long enough to fit wide tyres. Low-quality varieties also tend to rotate to one side during actuation and to stay there, so that one brake pad continually rubs the rim. These brakes are now used on inexpensive bikes; before the introduction of dual-pivot caliper brakes they were used on all types of road bikes.

Dual-pivot side-pull caliper brakes are used on most modern racing bicycles. One arm pivots at the centre, like a side-pull; and the other pivots at the side, like a centre-pull. The cable housing attaches like that of a side-pull brake. The centering of side-pull brakes was improved with the mass-market adoption of dual-pivot side-pulls (an old design re-discovered by Shimano in the early 1990s). These brakes offer a higher mechanical advantage, and resulting better braking. Dualpivot brakes are slightly heavier than conventional side-pull calipers and cannot accurately track an out-of-true rim.

TYRES

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Diameter: - 14 inches. Thickness: - 70mm. Shaft: - 8mm dia. Weight: - 300 gm. Quantity: - 4 nos. Tube-less tyre. A tire (in American English) or tyre (in British English, Australian English and others) is a ring-shaped covering that fits around a wheel rim to protect it and enable better vehicle performance by providing a flexible cushion that absorbs shock while keeping the wheel in close contact with the ground. The word itself may be derived from the word "tie", referring to the outer steel ring part of a wooden cart wheel that ties the Wood segments together (see Etymology below). The fundamental materials of modern tires are rubber and fabric along with other compound chemicals. They consist of a tread and a body. The tread provides traction while the body ensures support. Before rubber was invented, the first versions of tires were simply bands of metal that fitted around wooden wheels in order to prevent wear and tear. Today, the vast majority of tires are pneumatic, comprising a doughnutshaped body of cords and wires encased in rubber and generally filled with compressed air to form an inflatable cushion. Pneumatic tires are used on many types of vehicles, such as bicycles, motorcycles, cars, trucks, earthmovers, and aircraft.

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FLOW CONTROL VALVE

5/2 valve. 1 inlet. 2 outlet. Lever operated. Working pressure :- 70psi. Weight :- 300gm. Quantity :- 1 nos. A flow control valve regulates the flow or pressure of a compressed air. Control valves normally respond to signals generated by independent devices such as flow meters or temperature gauges. Control valves are normally fitted with actuators and positioners. Pneumaticallyactuated globe valves and Diaphragm Valves are widely used for control purposes in many industries, although quarter-turn types such as (modified) ball, gate and butterfly valves are also used. Control valves can also work with hydraulic actuators (also known as hydraulic pilots). These types of valves are also known as Automatic Control Valves. The hydraulic actuators will respond to changes of pressure or flow and will open/close the valve. Automatic Control Valves do not require an external power source, meaning that the

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compressed air pressure is enough to open and close the valve. Automatic control valves include: pressure reducing valves, flow control valves, back-pressure sustaining valves, altitude valves, and relief valves. An altitude valve controls the level of a tank. The altitude valve will remain open while the tank is not full and it will close when the tanks reaches its maximum level. The opening and closing of the valve requires no external power source (electric, pneumatic, or man power), it is done automatically, hence its name. Control valves are normally fitted with actuators and positioners. Pneumaticallyactuated globe valves and Diaphragm Valves are widely used for control purposes in many industries, although quarter-turn types such as (modified) ball, gate and butterfly valves are also used. Process plants consist of hundreds, or even thousands, of control loops all networked together to produce a product to be offered for sale. Each of these control loops is designed to keep some important process variable such as pressure, flow, level, temperature, etc. within a required operating range to ensure the quality of the end product. Each of these loops receives and internally creates disturbances that detrimentally affect the process variable, and interaction from other loops in the network provides disturbances that influence the process variable. [1] To reduce the effect of these load disturbances, sensors and transmitters collect information about the process variable and its relationship to some desired set point. A controller then processes this information and decides what must be done to get the process variable back to where it should be after a load disturbance occurs. When all the measuring, comparing, and calculating are done, some type of final control element must implement the strategy selected by the controller. The most common final control element in the process control industries is the control valve. The control valve manipulates a flowing compressed air, such as gas, steam, water, or chemical compounds, to compensate for the load disturbance and keep the regulated process variable as close as possible to the desired set point.

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WORKING OF AIR CAR:

Compressed Air from Air Cylinders at 100kg/cm is flown to the flow control valve with the help of air pipes. Where the flow of air from both the cylinders is controlled and passed through single output. This then passes through the Pneumatic Motor to drive the compound gears. Compound Gears are in the ration of 2.33 to enlarge the torque as well as speed to the output with Torque=815.51kg-cm and

Speed=5.135 km/min
The motion is then transmitted to the rear shaft which is held in between 2 Plummer Block drives the vehicle in forward direction. To turn the vehicle, a steering mechanism is provided which will turn the vehicle to required direction.

CHECK:
CALCULATION FOR AIR CAR (Enlargement of torque):

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Gear A Diameter= 182mm Gear B Diameter =78mm

Torque Ratio =

Diameter of gear A Diameter of gear B

= 182 78 =2.33

Speed Ratio = Diameter of gear B Diameter of gear A

= 78/182 =0.428rpm

At Motor:-

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Torque of motor = Tm = 150 Kg-cm Speed of motor = 1000rpm At 2nd Gear train

Torque of gear A (Ta) = Torque Ratio x Torque of Motor.

= 2.33 X 150. = 349.5 Kg-cm

Speed of Gear A (Na) = Speed Ratio X Speed of

= 0.428 X 10000 =4200rpm

Since Gear A=Gear B

Ta =Tb = 349.5 Kg-cm Na = Nb =4200rpm

At 3rd Gear train Torque of Gear C = Torque Ratio X Torque at Gear A = 2.33 X 349.5 =814.335Kg-cm = 79.88 N-m (1Kg-cm= 0.0981N-m) Speed of Gear C =Speed Ratio X Speed at Gear A. = 0.42 X 4200 = 1764 rpm

Hence Linear Displacement

= x Diameter of Tyre x Speed Of gear D = x 14 X 1764 = 1970653.213 mm / min = 1.97Km / min ( 1mm/min = 0.001Km/min)

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SELECTION OF MATERIALS:
Material selection is a step in the process of designing any physical object. In the context of product design, the main goal of material selection is to minimize cost while meeting product performance goals Systematic selection of the best material for a given application begins with properties and costs of candidate materials. For example, a thermal blanket must have poor thermal conductivity in order to minimize heat transfer for a given temperature difference.

Mechanical properties

Compressive strength Ductility Hardness Young's modulus Poisson's ratio Shear strength Tensile strength Yield strength Compressive strength is the capacity of a material to withstand axially directed

1.Compressive strength pushing forces. When the limit of compressive strength is reached, materials are crushed. Concrete can be made to have high compressive strength, e.g. many concrete structures have compressive strengths in excess of 50 MPa, whereas a material such as soft sandstone may have a compressive strength as low as 5 or 10 MPa. 2. Ductility is a mechanical property that describes the extent in which solid materials can be plastically deformed without fracture. In materials science, ductility specifically refers to a material's ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by

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the material's ability to be stretched into a wire. Malleability, a similar concept, refers to a material's ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the material's ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling. Ductility and malleability do not always correlate with each other; for instance, gold is both ductile and malleable, but lead is only malleable Commonly, the term "ductility" is used to refer to both concepts, as they are very similar. 3. Hardness is the measure of how resistant solid matter is to various kinds of permanent shape change when a force is applied. Macroscopic hardness is generally characterized by strong intermolecular bonds, however the behavior of solid materials under force is complex, therefore there are different measurements of hardness: scratch hardness, indentation hardness, and rebound hardness. 4. Young's modulus, also known as the tensile modulus, is a measure of the stiffness of an isotropic elastic material. It is defined as the ratio of the uniaxial stress over the uniaxial strain in the range of stress in which Hooke's Law holds.[1] It can be experimentally determined from the slope of a stress-strain curve created during tensile tests conducted on a sample of the material. It is also commonly, but incorrectly, called the elastic modulus or modulus of elasticity, because Young's modulus is the most common elastic modulus used, but there are other elastic module measured, too, such as the bulk modulus and the shear modulus. Young's modulus is named after Thomas Young, the 19th century British scientist. However, the concept was developed in 1727 by Leonhard Euler, and the first experiments that used the concept of Young's modulus in its current form were performed by the Italian scientist Giordano Riccati in 1782 predating Young's work by 25 years.

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5. Poisson's ratio (), named after Simon Poisson, is the ratio, when a sample
object is stretched, of the contraction or transverse strain (perpendicular to the applied load), to the extension or axial strain (in the direction of the applied load). When a material is compressed in one direction, it usually tends to expand in the other two directions perpendicular to the direction of compression. This phenomenon is called the Poisson effect. Poisson's ratio (nu) is a measure of the Poisson effect. The Poisson ratio is the ratio of the fraction (or percent) of expansion divided by the fraction (or percent) of compression, for small values of these changes.

6. Shear strength in engineering is a term used to describe the strength of a material

or component against the type of yield or structural failure where the material or component fails in shear. In structural and mechanical engineering the shear strength of a component is important for designing the dimensions and materials to be used for the manufacture/construction of the component (e.g. beams, plates, or bolts) In a reinforced concrete beam, the main purpose of stirrups is to increase the shear strength. 7. Young's modulus, also known as the tensile modulus, is a measure of the stiffness of an isotropic elastic material. It is defined as the ratio of the uniaxial stress over the uniaxial strain in the range of stress in which Hooke's Law holds.[1] It can be experimentally determined from the slope of a stress-strain curve created during tensile tests conducted on a sample of the material.

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1 Ultimate Strength 2 Yield Strength 3 Proportional Limit Stress 4 Rupture 5 Offset Strain (usually 0.002)

It is also commonly, but incorrectly, called the elastic modulus or modulus of elasticity, because Young's modulus is the most common elastic modulus used, but there are other elastic module measured, too, such as the bulk modulus and the shear modulus. Young's modulus is named after Thomas Young, the 19th century British scientist. However, the concept was developed in 1727 by Leonhard Euler, and the first experiments that used the concept of Young's modulus in its current form were

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performed by the Italian scientist Giordano Riccati in 1782 predating Young's work by 25 years. Accordingly Materials Given Below was selected:

Sr. No
1 2 3 4 5 Mild Steel

Description
Chassis Tires Base Steering Mechanism Air Cylinders

Material
MS Nylon Wood TS Steel (Standard)

A greyish-white metal, very malleable hot or cold, easily welded and forged into shape while hot; takes a good polish. Cannot be hardened or tempered like tool steel. Stronger than wrought iron, which it is gradually superseding for constructional purposes. Can be soft soldered, silver soldered, brazed, and welded either by the blacksmith's method or by the oxy-acetylene method; the former is the stronger. Tool Steel: Tool steel refers to a variety of carbon and alloy steels that are particularly well-suited to be made into tools. Their suitability comes from their distinctive hardness, resistance to abrasion, their ability to hold a cutting edge, and/or their resistance to deformation at elevated temperatures (red-hardness). Tool steel is generally used in a heat-treated state. With carbon content between 0.7% and 1.5%, tool steels are manufactured under carefully controlled conditions to produce the required quality. The manganese content is often kept low to minimize the possibility of cracking during water quenching.

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However, proper heat treating of these steels is important for adequate performance, and there are many suppliers who provide tooling blanks intended for oil quenching. Tool steels are made to a number of grades for different applications. Choice of grade depends on, among other things, whether a keen cutting edge is necessary, as in stamping dies, or whether the tool has to withstand impact loading and service conditions encountered with such hand tools as axes, pickaxes, and quarrying implements. In general, the edge temperature under expected use is an important determinant of both composition and required heat treatment. The higher carbon grades are typically used for such applications as stamping dies, metal cutting tools, etc. Tool steels are also used for special applications like injection molding because the resistance to abrasion is an important criterion for a mold that will be used to produce hundreds of thousands of parts. Wood: Wood is a hard, fibrous tissue found in many plants. It has been used for centuries for both fuel and as a construction material for several types of living areas such as houses, known as carpentry. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. In the strict sense wood is produced as secondary xylem in the stems of trees (and other woody plants). In a living tree it transfers water and nutrients to the leaves and other growing tissues, and has a support function, enabling woody plants to reach large sizes or to stand up for themselves. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, or wood chips or fiber. People have used wood for millennia for many purposes, primarily as a fuel or as a construction material for making houses, tools, weapons, furniture, packaging, artworks, and paper. Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created. The

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year-to-year variation in tree-ring widths and isotopic abundances gives clues to the prevailing climate at that time.

COST:
Sr. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Description Air Tanks Tyres Air Motor Pedestrian Bearing Chassis Wooden Base Sprocket Big Sprocket Small Tool Steel Axle Sprocket Chains Brake Set Seat Fabrication, Welding and finishing Total Numbers Cost 2 4 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 3800 1900 4500 500 1000 700 250 600 500 400 100 200 3000 17400

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ACT:
CAR LAYOUT:

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Back Axle

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Bottom View

ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATION

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ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF AIR CAR:

The principal advantages of an air powered vehicle are: Refueling can be done at home using an air compressor or at service stations. The energy required for compressing air is produced at large centralized plants, making it less costly and more effective to manage carbon emissions than from individual vehicles. Compressed air engines reduce the cost of vehicle production, because there is no need to build a cooling system, spark plugs, starter motor, or mufflers. The rate of self-discharge is very low opposed to batteries that deplete their charge slowly over time. Therefore, the vehicle may be left unused for longer periods of time than electric cars. Expansion of the compressed air lowers its temperature; this may be exploited for use as air conditioning. Reduction or elimination of hazardous chemicals such as gasoline or battery acids/metals Some mechanical configurations may allow energy recovery during braking by compressing and storing air. The principal disadvantage is the indirect use of energy. Energy is used to compress air, which - in turn - provides the energy to run the motor. Any conversion of energy between forms results in loss. For conventional combustion motor cars, the energy is lost when chemical energy in fossil fuels is converted to heat energy, most of which goes to waste. For compressed-air cars, energy is lost when chemical energy is converted to electrical energy, and then when electrical energy is converted to compressed air. When air expands in the engine it cools dramatically (Charles law) and must be heated to ambient temperature using a heat exchanger. The heating is necessary

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in order to obtain a significant fraction of the theoretical energy output. The heat exchanger can be problematic: while it performs a similar task to an intercooler for an internal combustion engine, the temperature difference between the incoming air and the working gas is smaller. In heating the stored air, the device gets very cold and may ice up in cool, moist climates. Conversely, when air is compressed to fill the tank it heats up: as the stored air cools, its pressure decreases and available energy decreases. It is difficult to cool the tank efficiently while charging and thus it would either take a long time to fill the tank, or less energy is stored. Refueling the compressed air container using a home or low-end conventional air compressor may take as long as 4 hours, though specialized equipment at service stations may fill the tanks in only 3 minutes. To store 14.3 kWh @300 bar in 300 l (90 m3 @ 1 bar) reservoirs, you need at least 93 kWh on the compressor side (with an optimum single stage compressor working on the ideal adiabatic limit), or rather less with a multistage unit. That means, a compressor power of over 1 Megawatt (1000 kW) is needed to fill the reservoirs in 5 minutes from a single stage unit, or several hundred horsepower for a multistage one The overall efficiency of a vehicle using compressed air energy storage, using the above refueling figures, cannot exceed 14%, even with a 100% efficient engineand practical engines are closer to 10-20%.[6] For comparison, well to wheel efficiency using a modern internal-combustion drive train is about 20%,[7] Therefore, if powered air compressed using a compressor driven by an engine using fossil fuels technology, a compressed air car would have a larger carbon footprint than a car powered directly by an engine using fossil fuels technology. Early tests have demonstrated the limited storage capacity of the tanks; the only published test of a vehicle running on compressed air alone was limited to a range of 7.22 km A 2005 study demonstrated that cars running on lithium-ion batteries outperform both compressed air and fuel cell vehicles more than three-fold at the same speeds. MDI has recently claimed that an air car will be able to travel 140 km in urban driving, and have a range of 80 km with a top speed of 110 km/h (68 mph) on highways, when operating on compressed air alone, but in as late as mid 2009, MDI has still not produced any proof to that effect. A 2009 University of Berkeley Research Letter found that "Even under highly optimistic assumptions the compressed-air car is significantly less efficient than a

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battery electric vehicle and produces more greenhouse gas emissions than a conventional gas-powered car with a coal intensive power mix."

ADVANTAGES OVER I.C ENGINE:

1.

2. 3. 4.

5.

IC engine cars work on petrol or diesel as a fuel, but now a days they are not economical to common men that is middle class men , but air cars works on compressed air which is cheaply available and easily we can compressed the air IC engines are complex in construction but air car engine easy to understand as well as easy to make. So accordingly maintenance is costlier for IC engine cars and air cars maintenance is cheaper as well as simple. Breakdown chances are more in IC engine cars ,because of more engine parts like cylinders, pistons, carburetors ,but air cars having less no. of parts so breakdown chances are lesser in this To cool the engine of IC engine car we need a radiator because due to frequently running of engine it becomes hot and it stops working, but in air car there is no necessary of radiator because no combustion takes place.

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IC engine is made up of more equipment so more cost of that, but in air car less equipments so low cost 7. Air pollution is a main problem for IC engine because it rejects toxic fumes in air, but air car works on air it does not rejects toxic fumes in air so no pollution. 8. Also an IC engine creates more sound pollution, but air car engine does not create any sound so any sound pollution. 9. We can apply aerodynamic break in air car by moving pneumatic motor In reversed direction But in IC engines it is more difficult to do.
6.

I.C ENGINE

AIR CAR

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FUTURE SCOPE

FUTURE SCOPE:

Air Car 1. As of January 2009[update] Tata Motors of India had planned to launch a car with an MDI compressed air engine in 2011 2. Safety Precaution like - Addition of Air Bags, - Using a lighter weight of car of 900kg as that would reduce the 50% injuries to the occupant, when the car meets with a collision. Car can be made light in weight by addition of composite materials, simplified mechanism etc. 3. Increasing the capacity of the performance by provision of single acting cylinder engine. 4. Providing a mechanism to mix the compressed air along with the atmospheric air. 5. Increasing Storage Space for Compressed Air. 6. Providing intercooler while charging the cylinder as when the cylinder is charged it will increase the temperature of the compressed air.

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ConcluSion
Sr. No
1 2 3 4 5 6

Activity
Apply Lubrication to moving parts Check Pedestal Bearing

Frequency
all Per 6-8 months 2 Years

Material
Oil, Grease BRG No. 6000

Check whether shaft is in per 5 year proper working condition Check Chain if any problem 5 year Check whether motor is Per 10 Years running or not Check Sprocket attached to Per 5 years motor by chains repair/ replace is any problem

Bearing Standard Material Pitch Chain 1350 input rpm 30 Output rpm

Standard Oriented Practice:

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Conclusion:
It is our pleasure to present this report on a small size, single sitter, four wheel AIR CAR. That will run on the compressed air the car will be having an on board electric compressor which can refill the compressed air tank. Generally air car has a compressed air storage system which gives continues supply to the engine for propulsion, car can go up to 200 miles on a single refill of tank. We have planned to make a small size, single sitter, four wheels AIR CAR as the prolusion is going on increasing day by day thousand tons of carbondioxide and other green house gases are emitted in the atmosphere .maximum emission of green house gases are done by vehicles. That is why HONDA came up with an innovative idea of manufacturing revolutionary car that runs on a compressed air and gives out zero carbon emission. The main advantages of air car are refueling is easy, cost of vehicle production is less, the rate of self discharge is low opposed to batteries that deplete that charge slowly over time. Therefore vehicle may be left unused for longer period of time then electric cars. It was good learning experience for us as we got the opportunity to work in the group. We have learned to coordinate with different persons with different

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attitude also we have learned to solve different difficulties occurred in manufacturing process. We got the knowledge about how to take decision in the group. We are sure that this project is going to help us in our coming future. Thus we are very thankful to all polytechnic and our guide and head of department Prof. AK CHORE for helping and guiding us in successful completion of project work