Ben Richman #12 Important Facts: The History of the Schooner C.A.

Thayer Wood-hulled, three-masted schooner Could carry 575,000 board feet of lumber Owned and operated by E.K. Wood Lumber Company Carried lumber from the companys mills in Hoquaim, Washington to San Francisco, San Pedro and San Diego. Occasionally went to Guaymas, Mexico; Australia and Honolulu, Hawaii No wharves along the rugged redwood coast of Oregon and Washington Men who sailed the coastal schooners were well-seasoned sailors lured by hopes of good food, good pay and frequent stays in port Lumber is sent down a chute, near the end of which a man operates a brake to check the lumber as it leaves the chute. When the vessel rolls, the chute might be high above the deck, making it difficult for a man below to catch timber at the right instant and get the right hold. If he slips or if the man at the brake does not apply it in time, he may be injured or killed. C.A. Thayer was large for a schooner November 1903 the Thayer landed ashore on the north spit of Grays Harbor 1912 the Thayer ran into severe weather near Eureka and her seams opened. The crew escaped safely, but Thayer had to be towed into San Francisco for repairs. C.A. Thayer also spent many years as a fishing vessel If, for any reason be it foul weather, shipwreck or other mishap, and no fish were delivered, no sailors got paid. Sailors were paid 1 cents per pound of fish Living conditions were harsh. All sailors slept in the focsle By 1912, steam powered schooners were making a place for themselves in coastal trade In 1950, C.A. Thayer was the last sailing ship in commercial use on the Pacific Coast

Important Facts: The History of the Ship Balclutha Steel ship Balclutha was built in 1886 at Glasgow, Scotland During 1st 13 years she made general cargo voyages to all parts of world; San Francisco and Australia grain, South America nitrate, then off to Puget Sound, Montevideo and Calcutta 1903 Alaska Packers fleet bought Balclutha. Her name was changed to Star of Alaska and she began her career as a salmon fishing vessel Carried 1,000 tons of supplies and more than 100 epople to catch and can salmon Decks were also packed with sheep, cows, pigs and a bull Spend 7 months fishing and canning, then sailed back to California with her cargo 1925 marked the beginning of the end for the great sailing ships in the Alaska Packers fleet

Star of Alaskas working life extended longer than all the other ships in the fleet and in 1930 she was the only ship to sail to Alaska

Important Facts: A Short History of San Francisco Part 1 1st settlers were the Ohlone Indians. The Ohlone lived as hunter-gatherers, feasting on abundant supply of deer, elk, rabbit, seal, whale, duck, goose, turtle, fish, shellfish and grizzly bear as well as various grains, seeds and nuts. 1760s the Spanish occupied California and began to establish permanent outposts (missions) all along the California coast Morning of March 28, 1776, the Spanish reached San Francisco then known as Yerba Buena and built the 6th California mission Native inhabitants perplexed the Spanish Spanish also did not recognize the belief system of the Ohlone as a religion Unfortunately for the Ohlone, saving the Indians souls meant forcing many Ohlone men into the mission where they could be taught to act properly Natives were crowded into barracks and taught to garden, weave and become civilized If they tried to rejoin their families, they would be caught and brought back to the mission as criminals 1786 French explored California 1816 Russians established a trading base at Fort Ross, 60 miles north of Yerba Buena 1821 Mexico won its independence from Spain gaining California as a province A Busy cowhide and tallow trade was established, with Yerba Buena (San Francisco) as a main port US and England set their eyes toward California and 1835 President Andrew Jackson offered Mexico $500,000 for Yerba Buena Bay which was declined Richard Henry Dana was an American who found his way to Yerba Buena. He sailed into the Bay in 1835 and found the Bay almost deserted

A Short History of San Francisco Part 2 William Richardson was the first Englishman to make Yerba Buena home By 1845 several hundred people called it home By the early 1840s, the slow trickle of Yankee migration began to gain Restrictive laws were passed, forcing some rowdier settlers to leave John Fremont, captain in the US Army Topographical Corps, along with 40 men explored California War between Mexico and US had been going on for 1 months when a rebellious American group stormed General Vallejos estate They announced formation of a California Republic and sewed together a flag with a grizzly bear. The flag was raised in Sonoma on June 14, 1846 The village of Yerba Buena became part of the US on July 9, 1846. 70 soldiers and marines from the ship Portsmouth marched on shore and raised the American Flag. The take-over was bloodless July 31 the population doubled when a ship, the Brooklyn, arrived from New York with 238 newcomers One of the newcomers was Sam Brannon, who performed the 1st marriage in San Francisco, was the first defendant in the court of law under American jurisdiction, and cornered the market in mining supplies and announced the discovery of gold Before the gold rush in 1847, the population in San Francisco was 459. In 1849, after the announcement of gold, 50,000 people arrived in San Francisco San Francisco settled into its role as Paris of the West April 18, 1906 at 5:12 am the San Andreas Fault slipped Greatest damage occurred in the financial district and North Beach where marshes had been filled in to allow for growth Fires caused the majority of the damage At the end of the 3-day ordeal: 500 people dead, 500 square blocks and 28,000 buildings lay in ashes and the estimate of financial losses ranged from $350-$500 million Important Facts: Historical Background: Understanding 1906 Need to explore US and world history between the years 1893 and 1906 During the 2nd half of the 19th century the landscape of America began to change from log and sod houses, open prairies and small communities to wood-framed houses and manufacturing cities Due to the mines, factories and growth of the railroad, labor was becoming more specialized By the 1890s, 7/8th s of the wealth was held by 1/8th of the American people Strikes were common in this season of unrest President Theodore Roosevelt began the movement of giving control back to local communities Immigration was on the rise; new arrivals numbered more than a million annually

Immigrants were welcomed by industries in search of cheap labor and resented by union members who feared they would drive down wages and working conditions Baseball, played since the 1840s, was fine-tuned during the 1890s with the addition of rules regulating balks, spitballs, the shape of the pitchers mound and home plate, infield pop fly rule and the introduction of post-season games (known now as the World Series) At the turn of the century the US had become the largest iron and steel producing country in the world

Important Facts: Timeline 1886 Balclutha built 1893 Cole Porter, American songwriter, born o Karl Benz constructs his four-wheel car o Henry Ford build his first car 1894 Korea and Japan declare war on China 1895 C.A. Thayer built o Wilhelm Rontgen discovers x-rays o Marconi invents radiotelegraphy 1896 Utah becomes a state o First modern Olympics held in Athens o Beginning of Klondike gold rush in Canada o 7/8ths of Americas wealth is controlled by only 1/8th of its people 1897 William McKinley inaugurated as President 1898 US declares war on Spain over Cuba 1899 First magnetic recording of sound o Peace treaty with Spain signed 1900 William McKinley reelected o First flight of a Zeppelin 1901 President McKinley assassinated; succeeded by Theodore Roosevelt o Following a century of steam, the century of electricity begins 1902 US acquires perpetual control over Panama Canal 1903 Alaskan frontier settled o Orville and Wilber Wright successfully fly a powered airplane o Henry Ford founds Ford Motor Company 1904 Russo-Japanese War breaks out o Work begins on the Panama Canal o New York subway built 1905 Theodore Roosevelt inaugurated for 2nd term o Albert Einstein formulates Special Theory of Relativity 1906 Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen traverses the Northwest Passage and determines the position of the magnetic North Pole o San Francisco earthquake kills 700; $400 million property loss

Ben Richman #12 Important Facts: The Characters The Captain Captain is a strict businessman Job is to transport lumber to San Francisco to aid in the rebuilding process Demands that his sailors work hard to make him/her as much money as possible The First Mate First Mate is the best sailor on the ship His/her job to make sure everything works exactly right and to make sure the common sailors behave perfectly, work hard and show respect for their Captain He/she is very strict The Second Mate Tries to make the Captain happy, but he often gets in trouble Sometimes seems lazy or foolish, but he still knows more than the greenhands and common sailors Captain made him an officer because there was no one left to choose from in a pinch Important Facts: Keeping Time 24-Hour Time On land time was kept by clocks that were numbered from 1 to 12 This method was not exact enough for sailors because crews worked around the clock on ships To solve this problem, sailors used 24-hour time When written, 24-hour time always has 4 digits When spoken, time was expressed in hundreds You add 1200 to all p.m. times Bell Time When at sea, day is divided into duty periods of 4 hours. Each sailor worked for 4 hours, then had 4 hours off These 4 hour shifts were called watches Bell time is structured around this 4-hour watch schedule There are 6 watches in a day, so bell time repeats itself 6 times in one day When keeping bell time, each bell rung equals one half an hour