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Hour___________

Hot and Cold Pack Unit Review

7.1 Endothermic and Exothermic System vs. Surroundings Endothermic Process Exothermic Process What is the difference between exothermic and endothermic? Is a hot pack the result of an exothermic or endothermic process? How do you know? Are the following endo- or exothermic? melting ice boiling water freezing water dry ice turning into gas

7.2 Calorimetry and Heat Capacity What are two ways energy changes can occur during a physical change? Know the differences and similarities between heat, energy, enthalpy, and temperature. What are the Units for measuring energy? (more than one) Know what heat capacity is and be able to do calculations. How many joules are needed to warm 45.0g of water from 15C to 57C? What formula do you need? If 458 calories of energy are added to 120.0g of water at 25C, what will the final temperature be? What is specific heat capacity? Be able to define thermal equilibrium Two objects placed together at different temperatures will come to thermal equilibrium- heat will flow until they are the same temperature. Would an object with a high specific heat capacity or one with a low specific heat capacity come to thermal equilibrium faster? Explain why, when you take clothes that are still damp out of a clothes dryer, they dont feel hot, but if you wait until therre dry to take the out, they feel quite hot. Calorimetry Know Hmetal = -Hwater can be used as mmetal x Cp metal x Tmetal= -mwaterx Cp waterx Twater for before and after conditions

Calorimetry Practice:

1. A hot pack with a mass of 25.0g and a temperature of 95C is added to a 150.0g sample of water at 25C. The final temperature of the system is 75C. What is the specific heat capacity of the hot pack? Find your answer in calories and Joules.

2. If a hot pack has a mass of 30.0 g and it is heated to a temperature of 85C, what is the heat capacity of the pack if it can warm 500.0g of water from 25C to 40C? Find your answer in cal/gC and J/gC.

3. A 50.0g block of unknown substance at 70C is placed in 73g of water at 16C. The final temperature of the system is 23C. Find the specific heat capacity of the substance.

4. Determine the specific heat capacity of an unknown substance if the 47.5g block of the substance at 78.9C is placed in 78.5g of water at 8.20C and the final temperature of the block is 23.6C.

7.3 Changes in State Know that temperature does not change during change in state. When an ice cube melts is it absorbing or giving off energy?

What about when a liquid freezes, is energy being given off or absorbed? Talk about what is going on at the molecular level.

Be able to explain why the temperature does not change during a phase change, but does when a substance is in one state. Enthalpy changes during change in state include: Melting and freezing What is enthalpy of fusion? H= m x Hfusion What units do you use? Is the enthalpy change positive or negative if the substance is being frozen? Boiling and condensation What is enthalpy of vaporization? H= m x Hvaporization What units do you use? Is the enthalpy change positive or negative if the substance is being condensed? Look at the heating and cooling curves of water. Know what is happening at each stage, in terms of temperature, heat at the molecular level. You should know the specific heat of a substance is different at different states (solid, liquid, or gas). Also, when solving Change in State problems you will need to use different equations, depending on whether the substance is freezing/melting or boiling/vaporizing and/or whether there is a temperature change. H= m x Hfusion H= m x Hvaporization H= m x Cp x T Explain the difference between heat capacity, heat of fusion, and heat of vaporization. Be able to explain/define them.

Changes in State Practice 1. How many calories are needed to warm 15.0g of water from -20C to steam at 135C? The specific heat of ice is 0.51 cal/gC. The specific heat of steam is 0.48 cal/gC. The heat of vaporization of water is 547.2 cal/gC, and the heat of fusion of is is 80.87 cal/g.

2. How many calories does it take to melt 3.0g of sodium chloride if the heat of fusion is 397.32 kcal/g?

3. How many would be required to vaporize 100.0 g of Freon if the enthalpy of vaporization is 35.0 cal/g?

4. It takes 79.91 cal to melt 1.0 gram of unknown substance. What is the enthalpy of fusion of the substance?

5. A cold pack filled with gel, with a mass of 15 g, is frozen. Its placed in 1000.0 g of water at 50C. When the ice pack is completely thawed, the water is at 22C. What is the enthalpy of fusion of the ice pack?

Additionally, 1. Know the Kinetic Molecular Theory. 2. Know what a phase change is and what the molecules are doing in solid, liquid, or gas phase. 3. Know what the phase change curve of water looks like. Be able to explain what is happening in terms of thermal energy, phase change energy, and chemical energy at each part. (hint: think energy bar graphs) 4. Review worksheets on energy bar graphs.

5. Review journal questions and concepts. 6. What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions? 7. What does H mean? 8. Define heat, temperature, and enthalpy. Know the difference between them. 9. List 3 ways energy can be transferred. 10. Know the different units used for energy.