CLO Test

method used to determine if the individual is suffering from an infection of H. Pylori CLO test endoscopy begins with a scope being inserted through the mouth into the stomach. This scope will be used to look around the stomach to see any obvious signs of damage in the form of ulcers. At this point, the CLO test biopsy can be conducted. A sample of the mucosa is taken and the scope is then removed. The CLO test rapid urease test is a variation of the test where the biopsy sample is placed in a medium containing urea. A marker is then used to determine if a chemical reaction has taken place to suggest the presence of the h pylori bacterium. This reaction takes place quickly and can then be used as a diagnosis of an infestation by the h pylori bacterium. Procedure

As with any type of blood test, a blood sample will be collected from a vein, usually at the back of the elbow. Before the drawing of the blood, the area where the vein is going to be punctured will be cleansed with the help of an alcohol scrub. A leather strap will then be fastened to the top of the arm in order to stop blood flow and cause the vein to swell up increasing the level of accuracy for the doctor to puncture it. Once the needle is injected and the blood drawn, a cotton swab will be placed over the fresh wound and some amount of force exerted to speed up the healing process.

Gatroscopy /esophagogastroduodenoscopy
is an examination of the inside of the gullet, stomach and duodenum. It is performed by using a thin, flexible fibre-optic instrument.
is a diagnostic endoscopic procedure that visualizes the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract up to the duodenum

The procedure is painless and is usually done under a light sedative as a day-case patient in a specialised endoscopy unit. After explaining the procedure, the endoscopist will spray the back of the throat with a local anaesthetic. It numbs the throat and may make it difficult to swallow. When sedation is used, it is not a full anaesthetic and the patient will still be conscious and aware. A nurse will lie the patient on their left side and the endoscopist will then gently place the end of the instrument into the mouth and ask the patient to swallow it, which feels like swallowing a large piece of food. The endoscopist may need to put some air into the stomach to perform the examination effectively and this can cause discomfort or even a need to belch. This is perfectly normal. If the exam is normal, your esophagus will look white and your stomach will look red. If you have Barrett's esophagus, the doctor will see a red lining in the esophagus, always beginning at the bottom of the esophagus and extending a varying distance up the esophagus toward your mouth. Some patients have only a small portion or very bottom of their esophagus lined with Barrett's and some have a large portion. In some cases, almost the entire esophagus is lined with Barrett's. Most patients with Barrett's esophagus have a hiatal hernia.

Normally, stomach tissue can grow in the bottom of the esophagus and looks red through the endoscope just like Barrett's esophagus. To confirm that the red lining in the esophagus is Barrett's esophagus and not stomach tissue, the doctor will take biopsies through the endoscope. The biopsy device is called a forceps. It is a long wire with a biopsy device at one end of the wire. Many commonly used biopsy devices have a small metal spike in the middle and two cups on either side of the spike to spike, grab and pull off tissue. The doctor places the forceps through the biopsy channel in the endoscope, opens the forceps, spikes a piece of tissue, closes the forceps grasping the tissue and pulls the forceps, containing the biopsy, out of the endoscope. There is not much bleeding and most patients do not feel the biopsy. The biopsy is small, about the size of a grain of cooked rice. It is placed in a tissue preservative, called a fixative, and sent to the pathology lab for histologic analysis to identify Barrett's tissue if present.

Normal