If clause ve zaman zarflarnn (when, after, as soon as, once) bal bulundugu cumlede will/would/going to/shall yaplar gelmez.

Svo when SVO 1960, when. zne/nesne..N:C I dont know when she will come Zaman zarf , .have/has V3 %80 If clauseun ana cmlesinde aadaki yaplar gelmez Have / has V3 have /has been Ving V2 was /were / was-were Ving Had V3 / had been Ving Zaman zarflar (when, after, as soon as, once) %100 uyum ister ana cmlede ve yan cmlede iaretleyince hangi olayn daha nce olduguna mutlaka baknz. Hardly Barely Scarcely Almost never Rarely Seldom Sometimes At times Occasionally Now and then Now and again Now At the moment Currently For the time being At present Presently At that moment At that time Once: bir zamanlar The day Nowadays Thesedays gradually more and more day by day step by step V2 V2 / had V3

Hemen hemen hi, nadiren

Bazen

simdi,

u anda

: am is are Ving

bugnlerde

: am is are Ving

aama aama : : Ving

(present: am-is-are Ving)

(past: was-were Ving)

pointed time in the past : V2 Yesterday, Two days/weeks/months ago, Last night/week/month/year., In 1960, in the 1960s, during the 1960s, Between 1960 and 1990, From 1990 to 2000, During WW II, etc. At the time, At that time, once (bir zamanlar), at that moment V2 kullanlmasna ramen present/future anlam veren yaplar It is time + subject + V2 : -nn vakti geldi I wish + subject + V2 : present / future wish As if / as though + subj + V2 : unreality , -m gibi, sanki If clause type II : present unreal (IfV2..) Would you mind + if + subj + V2 : polite request Would rather + subj + V2 : tercih ederim Was-were Ving / V2 dizilimi seeneklerde varsa muhtemelen doru yant olabiliyor Bu dizilim zaman ifadesi verilmeden de sorulabiliyorbir olay devam ederken dier bir olayn devam eden olay kesmesi, araya girmesi durumunda kullanlr. When / while / as : yaplar zaman zarf olarak -iken anlamnda kullanldnda devamlarnda genellikle have / has V3 yaps kullanlmaz.Byle bir dizilim grdnzde while yaps whereas gibi kullanlan ve ztlk anlam veren yapdr. As yaps ise d iin anlamnda kullanlan ve neden-sonu ilikisi veren yapdr. While/Ashave/has V3 have / has V3..isteyen yaplar Cmlede herhangi bir zaman ifadesi yoksa, eylemin sadece yapldndan bahsediliyorsa: Up to now Up till now So far To date Lately Recently (until recently : V2) All my life (all his life (lmse : V2) For 10 years Since 1990 For 10 days now *her for lu yapda have has V3 e gitmeyineer now noktas ile iliki varsa kullanlr. Farkl zaman ifadelerine dikkat ediniz: For 2 weeks last summer : V2 For 10 years before I came here : had V3 / had been Ving. Since + V2 .. , have/has V3 - have/has been Ving have/has V3 - have/has been Ving . since ..+ V2

In within During Over For In During Over For

last the past last the past

week/month/year/decade/century 1

few/two weeks/months/years/decades/centuries

last ve past kelimelerinin nnde the varsa ve oncesndek prep lere de dikkat ediniz : have / has V3 have/has been Ving sadece the last weekend: V2 Sra say sfatlar (first, second, etc.) ile, only sfat ile veya superlative ile nitelenen bir ismin devamnda Present Perfect kullanlr This is the first time I have been abroad By the time Vo/V1 , ..will have V3.. (will) By the time ..V2.., had V3 (V2). By 1960, . Had V3 (V2). By 2060will have v3 (will) Until : sreklilik By : herhangi bir arada HAD V3 YAPISININ BIRLIKTE KULLANILDIGI OZEL YAPILAR I wish / if only + Subject + had V3 PAST WISH As if/As though + Subject + had V3. UNREALITY IN THE PAST-MI GB Would rather + Subject + had V3 TERCH EDERDM If Clause Type 3 UNREALITY IN THE PAST If clause mixed type.

I hope I expect I think I am sure..will/would I am confident I am certain

Foresee Forecast.will/would Predict Estimate

When Once As soon aspresent., .will. If (type I) Unless (type I) When I graduate, I will start a job Unless. , cannot/wont Asagdak yaplara cloze test cnde dkkat ediniz1940 ylnda savas baslad. Next year . gibi bir cmlede yine V2 kullanmak lazmdryani past olan bir paragrafta future zaman ifadeleri yanltc olmasn!!! Tomorrow, tomorrow morning, etc. Two weeks later; in 2050, shortly, briefly, soon, next year, before long, in/within two weeks, etc. Be about to V0; Be on the verge of Be on the edge of Be on the point of Be on the brink of

-e zere olmak, -nn eiinde olmak,

at this time tomorrow..will be Ving:-yor olacak this time next year at this time yesterdaywas/were Ving this time last year by next friday.will have V3: *m olacak by 2030will have V3 by the time .Vo/V1. , will have V3 in 10 years time .will have V3 will have V3 yerine will ile baka yap da olabilir. Present yaplar Am-is-are Am-is-are Ving Vo/V1 Have/has V3 Have/has been Ving Future time yaplar past yaplar was-were was-were Ving V2 had V3 had been Ving

Bir cmlede zaman zarf varsa, zaman zarflar %100 uyum ister kural dorultusunda present yaplar kendi ierisinde ve past yaplar kendi ierisinde deerlendirilmelidir. Bu iki gruptan have/has V3 ve V2 yaplarn yanyana getiren yap since yapsdr. Genellikle iaretlemekten kanmanz gereken dizilimler: Had V3 / have/has V3 Had V3 / am-is are Had V3 / will Vo Was/were Ving / have/has V3 Am-is-are / would Would /would

Cmle tamamlama sorularnda da bu yaplar ana cmlede ve yan cmlede kullanmamaya .aln ayrca cmle tamamlamada had v3/had v3 diziliminden de kanabilirsiniz. modals Can: am-is-are able to Could : was-were able to Could yaps sadece ability anlamnda past anlam verir. Was-were able to : managed to Vo : ura sonucu elde edilen baar Olaslk anlam veren yaplar May-might-couldCould-can may well-might well-could wellbe likely to- be unlikely to- be bound to- probably may as well might as well.bari unu yapalm (olaslkla alakas yok) could as well zorunluluk anlam veren yaplar must have to/has to have got to/has got to zorunda deilsin, gerek yok anlam veren yaplar: dont have to doesnt have to neednt dont need to had to : zorunda kaldm didnt have to Vo:yapmama gerek kalmad, yapmak zorunda kalmadm didnt need to Vo: tavsiye should ought to had better must should have v3 ought to have v3 am/is/are used to Ving get used to Ving used to Vo would Vo meliydin, malydn ama yapmadn : alkn olmak : almak past habit, action, state

used to anlam mevcutsa ancak seceneklerde yoksa would kullanlabilir. Eger ikisi de varsa tercihimiz used to olmal.

would yaps used to yerine past olarak kullanlabilir would yaps noun clause iinde ana fiil past ise past anlam verir. I will go.he said that he would go Bu iki kullanm dnda grdmz would yaplar present-future olarak deerlendirilmeli. Would rather Vo Would sooner Vo Would just as soon Vo Would prefer To Vo

tercih ederim

Would rather Vo : would rather + subj + V2 : tercih ederim Would rather have V3 : would rather + subj + had V3 : tercih ederdim Would rather + be Ving : -yor olmay tercih ederim : konusma an Be + Ving : konuma an olarak dusunulebilir. Be supposed to Vo Be about to Be likely to Be to : -mesi / mas lazm : -mek zere : muhtemelen : beklenti, grevlendirme

devamnda Vo alp past anlam veren modallar Could Vo Was / were able to Vo Had to Vo Was were supposed to Vo Used to Vo Would Vo Bunun dsndakler : modal + have + V3 Should have V3 Ought to have V3 May have V3 Might have V3 Could have V3 Could have V3 Couldnt have V3 Must have V3 Cant have V3 Couldnt have V3 MUST TABLOSU 1. ZORUNLULUK 2. TAVSYE 3. IKARIM : -meliydi : -meliydi : -m olabilir : -m olabilir : -m olabilir : -ebilirdin : -mezdim : -m olmal : -m olamaz : -m olamaz + MUST MUST MUST DONT HAVE TO DONT NEED TO MUSTNT CANT PAST + HAD TO PAST DIDNT HAVE TO DIDNT NEED TO

SHOULD / OUGHT TO HAVE V3 SHOULDNT HAVE V3 MUST HAVE V3 CANT HAVE V3

COULDN T HAVE V3

SORU KOKUNDE EYLEMIN GERCEKLESMEDIGINI ANLARSANIZ SHOULD HAVE V3 : melyd / malyd ama yapmad OUGHT TO HAVE V3 : melyd / malyd ama yapmad COULD HAVE V3 : -ebilirdim ama olmad WAS/WERE SUPPOSED TO Vo : -mesi/mas lazmd ama olmad WAS/WERE GOING TO Vo : -ecektim /acaktm ama yapamadm WOULD HAVE V3 : -erdim/ardm (genelde if type III) *herhangi bir soruda seeneklerde aktif/pasif dizilimler varsa ncelii aktif/pasif elemesine vermekde fayda vardr be V3 being V3 been V3 need + Ving Need to be V3 bu dizilimler pasiftir devamnda Ving alarak pasif anlam verir.

*ngilizcede d kaynakl olaylar pasiftir. *Genellikle duygular ve hisler pasiftir *Boluun devamnda prep varsa ve bu prep secenekteki fiile ait olan prep deilse genellikle doru yant pasif olabilir boluun ncesindeki dizilim pasif ise (is said ____) devamndaki yap To Vo / to have V3 e zamanl bir olaysa To Vo, farkl zamanl bir olaysa to have V3 kullanlr. Bu kural bozan 3 yap bunlar dndaki pasif yaplar To ile devam ederler Is seen Is caught + Is found Have Get Have Get sth sth smb smb Ving

V3 V3 Vo To Vo

Make smb Vo Have smb Vo Let smb Vo Help smb Vo See/hear smb Vo-Ving X + smb + To Vo: %90 Persuaded her ____ Prep + Ving.being V3

Be used to Get used to Be accustomed to Get accustomed to Look forward to Feel like Be opposed to Object to Cant help Cant bear Cant stand Its worth Its no use Its no good There is no point in In the habit of

: -e alkn olmak : -e almak : -e alkn olmak : -e almak : -i drt gzle beklemek : -i istemek : -e kar olmak : -e kar olmak, -e itiraz etmek : -den kendini alamamak : -e dayanamamak, tahamml edememek : -e dayanamamak, tahamml edememek : -e deer : -nn faydas/yarar yok : -nn faydas/yarar yok : -nn anlam yok : -e alkn

my, your, his, her, its, our, their, Jacks + Ving Ving (aktif) : being V3(pasif) Adjective + To Vo Adjective + for smb/sth + To Vo Too adj/adv.to ..adj / adv + enough TO Vo how/what/whenTo Vo The first/second The only The best/most + to V0:

Purpose : to Vo / so as to Vo / in order to Vo- with a view to + Ving to Vo (aktif) : to be V3 (pasif) ------er .than more.than comp. comp. : kadar : kadar ( negatif cmlelerde tercih edelim) : kadar : ayn

asadj/adv..as soadj/adv..as such adj+noun.as the same ..noun..as

Cmlede anlamca kyaslama varsa yukardaki yaplardan birisi dorudur. the + comp.. , the + comp.. : ne kadar..o kadar the former : 1.si..the latter..2.si .the .est the most much-far-a lot-rather of all by far superlative superlative : comparative yaplarna vurgu :superlative yaplarna vurgu

tooadj/adv..to Vo adj / adv . Enough + To Vo

*yaplar iine many, much, few gibi miktar yaplar gelirse bunlardan sonra + noun kullanlmal . ( as many + noun + as) as muchnoun.as too many nounto so ..adj/adv.that such .adj + nounthat + SVO + SVO o kadar..ki

Seenekte so/that ya da such /that varsa soru kknde ikinci boluktan sonrasnn tam cmle olup olmadna mutlaka baknz, eer tam cmle ise that li yaplar dorudur, eer tam cmle deilse bu yaplar eleyebilirsiniz. Eer tam cmle varsa ve ikisi arasnda kalrsanz that yapsnn hemen ncesinde isim varsa suchyoksa so yaps dorudur. such + noun such + adj + noun + as such + adj + noun + that + SVO ..such as .+ n Such + noun + as Such as : cmle basnda yok!!! Like + noun As + noun As + SVO : bu tr, byle : ikame szc : kadar : o kadar ki : gibi, rnekleme (like) : gibi, rnekleme

: gibi (rnekleme, benzetme) : olarak : (d iin) neden-sonu anlam verir : ( -iken) zaman zarf olarak

As you see in the picture, As : -d gibi / dike, dka ADJECTIVE CLAUSE ___________Y.FL/FL WHO/WHICH __________ZNE WHOM/WHICH ______ + NOUN WHOSE YER . _________IT: WHICH _________ITS: WHOSE _________...THERE: WHERE : PREP+ WHICH ZAMAN _____SVO WHEN : PREP + WHICH ____SV WHICH PREP + WHOM/WHOSE + N / WHICH

. whose yapsndan sonra a-an-the-many-most gibi yaplar gelmez, sadece isim ya da sfat + isim kullanlabilir. WHOSE + NOUN ADJ+NOUN Preposition dan sonra whom, which, whose gelebilir. Adj.clause sorularnda bolupun devamnda bota kalan hibir eyi nitelemeyen preposition olup olmadgna dkkat ednz Adj clasue ksaltma NOUN ______ Ving /V3 Superlative .to Vo / to be V3 Boluktan nce tanmlanmas gereken isim varsa which/that/who gibi yaplarla, ancak seeneklerde fiil ekimleri mevcutsa bu soru adj.clause ksaltma sorusu olabilir ve Ving ile V3 yaplarna ynelin, anlam aktifse Ving, pasifse V3 Superlative bir dizilim varsa ise to Vo ya da pasif anlam varsa to be V3 yapsna gidiniz. Noun clause Bir dizilimde nesne eksiklii tespit ettiyseniz bu yap noun clause oluturur ve That/ the fact that..whether/ifwh-/how yaplarna gidiniz. Boluktan sonra that SVO varsa, seceneklerde nesnesi eksik yaplar aranmaldr. S+V S + y.fiil It + pasif sfat soyut isim + that SVO + that SVO + that SVO + that SVO + that SVO

opinion- idea-fact-observation-fear. SVO yaplar elenir It hari pasif ler elenir. Tense uyumuna baklr. He says that present/ future He said that.past Istisnalar

1. 2. 3. 4.

It ile balayanlar tense uyumu istemez He explained that .fact anlam veren cmle olursa present he claims that olayn gercek zamann verirse past he says that if.., .. (if clause kurallar geerli)

ngilizcede 2 tane if var, 2 tane whether var.. eer bu dizilimler cmlede zne ya da nesneyi oluturuyorsa noun clause olurlar. if yaps whether yerine sadece fiilden sonra ve devamnda or not almadan kullanlr. Noun clause dizilimlerinde or/or not paranteze alnabilir. Cmle banda, preposition dan sonra ve or not dan nce if kullanlmaz. Cmle banda if varsa bu yap if clause olur. I dont know whether she will come (or not) I will love him forever whether he loves me or not. SUBJUNCTIVE in NOUN CLAUSES: Eer ana cmlede gereklilik, zorunluluk veya neri bildiren bir sfat, fiil ya da isim kullanlmsa That Sentence yapsnda zne ne olursa olsun fiil yaln haliyle hibir eye gre ekimlenmeden (V0) gelir. Aslnda bu tr cmlelerde bir should yaps gizlidir ve bu should yaps kullanlmad iin etken (active) cmlelerde V0, edilgen (passive) cmlelerde ise be V3 yaplar kullanlr. e.g. I recommend that you (should) take this pill twice a day. (active) (Bu ilac gnde iki kez alman tavsiye ederim.) It is essential that the contract (should) be signed before Monday. (passive) (Kontratn Pazartesinden nce imzalanmas gereklidir.) It is the doctors advice that he (should) rest for a week. (active) (Onun bir hafta dinlenmesi doktorun tavsiyesidir.) Subjunctive yap ile devam eden ve yaygn kullanlan kelimeler: Verbs: Advise Prefer Adjectives: Advisable Mandatory Urgent Nouns: Advice Suggestion Demand Insistence Order Proposal Recommendation Crucial Obligatory Vital Essential Necessary Imperative Recommendable Significant Important Ask Propose Require Demand Insist Recommend Order Suggest Urge

........................pozitif anlam +. . ...............pozitif.....+. , too/as well ........................negatif anlam -. . ...............negatif anlam.....-. , either

..either ..or : ya .ya da . I liked either : her ikisi de +so ... --neither/nor

+ bir nceki cmlenin yardmc fiili + zne

..neithernor : ne.ne de neither of the students: 2 renciden hibirisi .. , nor + inversion inversion : deil mi sorularnda I znesi ile baladnda dikkat She thinks that his father will forgive her, doesnt she? They know what she can do with that bomb, dont they? I think that she is the murderer, isnt she? I dont think that she can get the visa, can she? She will not use this dicitonary after she buys another, will she?

IF CLAUSE yaplarn ve kullanmlarn inceledikten sonra aadaki tabloda If Clause ve Result Clause iinde kullanlabilen yaplarn genel bir zetini bulabilirsiniz: TYPE I If + V1 , Am/Is/Are Ving Have/Has V3 Am/is/are to V0 Can Must, have to Should, ought to etc. TYPE II If + V2 , Was/Were Ving Was/were to V0 Could (Past ability) Had to Should TYPE III If + had V3 , Had been Ving Could have V3 would have V3 Might have V3, Could have V3 would V0 / would be Ving Might V0 / might be Ving, Could V0 / could be Ving will / shall May, Might, Could Can Must, have to etc. Imperatives (emir cmleleri)

MIXED TYPE If + had V3 , Had been Ving Could have V3 would V0 / would be Ving (now, today, etc.) Might V0 / might be Ving, Could V0 / could be Ving

Aadaki tabloda ise Type ne olursa olsun If Clause ve Result Clause iinde kullanlamayacak yaplar grebiliriz: If + will , shall snavlarda test edilmiyor.) may, might, could (possibility) would have/has V3 V2 (KPDS, was / were had V3, DS v.b.

Inversion : Type I : should Type II : were Type III : had Provided (that), Providing (that): kouluyla/artyla As long as, So long as: -d srece / artyla Only if: ancak -sa ana cmlede inversion ister!!! Even if: -se bile; -e ramen Unless: -mezse; -medike ana cmlesi genelde olumsuzdur Suppose that, Supposing that: varsayalm ki/diyelim ki genelde type II ile What if ?: Ya -sa/-sayd On condition that: artyla/kouluyla (Just) In case: -e ihtimaline karlk, nolur nolmaz diye If it werent for: masa If it hadnt been for: masayd But for: olmasa; olmasayd Whether or / or not : olsa daolmasa da ( cmlede zne ya da nesne oluturursa Noun clause olarak yorumlanacak ve p, -pmad eklinde evrilecektir ve or/or not yaplar paranteze alnabilir, eer zne ya da nesneyi oluturmazsa isterister. eklinde evrilmelidir ve or/or not yaplar paranteze alnamaz. IMPLIED CONDITIONALS: But: ama Otherwise / or else: yoksa; aksi takdirde Without: -sz; -meden Then: o zaman Bu yapalar da gizli if clause gibi dnlebilir ve baz type lar ima ederler Otherwise, or, or else yapsnda sonra genellikle will, would, would have V3 gelir Otherwise, or, or else yapsnda sonra if clause un ana cmlesine gelmeyen yaplar have/has V3, V2, had V3

yaplar ve Ving eklinde almlar (have been Ving) gelmez. Wish clauseda present/future yaplar kullanlmaz Ayn zne iin would kullanlmaz I wish I would yanltr Present/future wish Past wish ADVERBIAL CLAUSE For And Nor Then But Or Yet So : : : : : : : : nk ve ..ne de....inversion ister. sonra, daha sonra ama, fakat veya; yoksa or else, otherwise ama, yine de bundan dolay, dolaysyla, bu yzden : V2, could/ would : had V3/ could have V3/would have V3

Paralel yaplar a) Not onlybut (also): Sadecedeil, ayn zamanda Not only. , but (also). Simply.., but .as well / too Merely Just Solely Bu yap cmle banda devrik kullanlabilir. b) Bothand: hem hem c) Eitheror: ya ya d) Neithernor: ne ne Seeneklerde bu paralel yaplar grnce soru kknde boluklarn devamna baknz, eer paralelse yaplar doru yant bu 4 yapdan biridireer paralel ise bu yaplardan biri mutlaka dorudur. Bir de her zaman paralel kullanlmayan .notbutyaps mevcuttur. Bu yapy not only..but also ile kartrmayn. not..but yapsnda sadece but n devamndaki eylem gerekleir. She went abroad NOT to have a vacation BUT to improve her language CONTRAST : ZITLIK Although / Though / Even Though / Much as / Even if/ While / Despite the fact that / In spite of the fact that + SVO -e ramen sa da / sa bile

X , . . X .

though yaps ekstra olarak noktalama iaretleri ile kullanlabilir. SVO. . SVO. , though.

Although grubu genellikle cmle ba ve ortasnda kullanlr. Despite / In spite of + NP : sa da / sa bile , -e ramen

X , . . X .

Devamnda the fact that alrsa SVO However + Adverb / Adjective:.. ne kadar .sa.sn.

However yaps kendisinden sonra bir sfat ya da zarf alarak cmleye devam edip devamnda bir ana cmle getirildiinde -e ramen, -d halde, -e karn, se de anlamna gelir No matter how + Adverb / Adjective: .. ne kadar .sa.sn.

Bu yap yukardaki however + adjective/adverb yaps ile ayn anlam ve ayn kullanma sahiptir. Bu yap oluturulurken yukardakinden farkl olarak yaplan tek ey however yerine no matter how yapsnn kullanlmasdr. No matter + How / whDirect Contrast Whereas / While: + SVO zne ztl. X , . . , X .

Reason : neden-sonu As / Because / Since / Seeing as / Seeing that / Inasmuch as: + SVO -den dolay, -d iin, nk

X , . . X . Now (that): -diine gre; madem ki : bu yap devamda past yap almaz, genellikle de have/has V3 ile kullanlr. Because of / Due to / Owing to / On account of / Thanks to / In view of yznden, -den dolay, sayesinde + NP :

X , . . X . Devamnda the fact that alrlarsa SVO In that + SVO -mesi-mas bakmndan / asndan Genellikle similar in that, differ in that, alike in that, unusual in that.eklinde kullanlr -mesi-mas bakmndan / asndan In terms of + NP PURPOSE : AMA SO THAT -sn diye, -mek/mak iin IN ORDER THAT LEST + SVO (ama bildiren yaplardan sonra gelen cmlede genellikle modal vardr. FOR FEAR THAT -mesin diye, korkusuyla

X , . . X . IN ORDER TO SO AS TO TO WITH A VIEW TO + Vo +Ving -mek/mak iin -mek/mak iin

Cmle ortasnda virgl varsa anlam deiir!!! so that.. : ama bildirir .. , so (that ) . : neden-sonu bildirir (that) paranteze alnabilir : bu yzden. so that + SVO o kadar ki.. ZAMAN ZARFLARI : % 100 UYUM STER

After : sonra Before : -meden nce As soon as: -r mez When: -diinde, -dii zaman While: -ken (tam ztlkta da kullanlr (whereas)gibi) Once: bir se; -r -mez The moment (that) : (=As soon as) -r -mez Until/Till: -e kadar, -e dein sreklilik arz eder By the time: -e kadar sreklilik yoktur .x.x..x. (Just) As: -ken; -dike; -diinde (-d gibi anlam da vardr) (The) Last Time: son -dnda (The) Next Time: gelecek sefer -dnda No soonerthan: er mez; mtki di; mesiyle mesi bir oldu Hardly/Barely/Scarcelywhen/before: er mez; mtki di; mesiyle mesi bir oldu Whenever / Every time: her diinde, ne zaman -se Prior to + NP: -meden nce Afterwards : daha sonra From .onward.-den itibaren No sooner. than Hardly...when Scarcely...when Barely ...when DURUM ZARFLARI (Just) As : -d gibi The results of the election were just as he had predicted. (Just) As children are fond of playing games, so do adults love watching TV. As if / As though: gibi; sanki -m gibi Bu yapalrdan sonra present yaplar varsa reality vardr ve gibi diye evrilir, eer past yaplar varsa unreality vardr ve one tense back kural uygulanr ve -m gibi diye evrilir. As if / as though dan sonra had been gelmez!!! Were . bu yaplar cmle banda inversion ister. evirileri as soon as gibi yaplabilir.

Adverbial clause ksaltmalar __________________ , zne ____________________ . virgle kadar zne yoksa ve virglden hemen sonra zne ortaya kyorsa cmle banda : Ving : e zaman aktif

..Walking down the street, he saw me. V3 / Being V3 : e zaman pasif

Properly used, the computer will last at least three years

Having V3

: farkl zaman

aktif

Having finished his hw, he went out Having been V3 : farkl zaman pasif

Having been edited, the book was sent to publishing. .. , and ortak zne + fiil. . , Ving .
SENTENCE ADVERBS . X , SVO. ... ; X , SVO.. . zne , X , .. . .. , X

1) CONTRAST: ztlk
However On the other hand Nevertheless Nonetheless Even so : : : : : ancak, ama yine de ama; dier yandan ama yine de ama yine de yine de; byle olsa bile

2) RESULT: sonu

Therefore Thus Hence Accordingly Consequently As a consequence As a result Thereby

: bu yzden, bundan dolay, dolaysyla bu yzden, bundan dolay, dolaysyla bu yzden, bundan dolay, dolaysyla bu yzden, bundan dolay, dolaysyla bu yzden, sonu olarak, dolaysyla : sonu olarak : sonu olarak : ylelikle, o suretle, bylece

: : : :

Therebydan sonra SVO gelmez. And thus : ve bylece/ bu yzden Therefore Hence Therby So consequently , thus + Ving

3. ADDITION: ekleme
Also Besides Further Moreover Furthermore In addition Whats more : : : : : : : dahas, stelik dahas, stelik; -e ilaveten dahas, stelik dahas, stelik dahas, stelik dahas, stelik dahas, stelik

Besides yapsnn iki kullanm var, eger noktalama iareti ile kullanlrsa devamnda cmle almal. Besides As well as In addition to + NP..also Apart from

: -nn yan sra

4. TIME:

zaman

At first : ilk olarak Afterwards : daha sonra Later : sonra Then : sonra In the meantime : bu sre iinde, bu arada Meanwhile : bu arada

5. EXEMPLIFICATION: rneklendirme
For instance For example To illustrate As an example As an illustration To exemplify : : : : : : mesela, rnein mesela, rnein mesela, rnein mesela, rnein mesela, rnein mesela, rnein : gibi : gibi rneklendirme rneklendirme

..such as + NP ..like + NP

6. PARTICULARIZATION: zele indirgeme

In particular Particularly Specifically Especially Notably : zellikle : zellikle : zellikle : zellikle : zellikle

7. EXPLANATION: aklama Aklama bildirirken kullandmz yaplar aada listelenmitir.

That is Namely In other words That is to say : yani : yani : baka bir deyile : yani

8. SIMILARITY: benzerlik

Benzerlik bildiren yaplar aada listelenmitir.

Likewise Similarly Correspondingly By the same token In the same way : ayn ekilde : ayn ekilde : ayn ekilde : ayn ekilde : ayn ekilde

Like + NP : gibi : benzetme *unlike *in contrast to +NP +NP -nn aksine -nn aksine

9. EMPHASIS: vurgulama
In fact Indeed As a matter of fact Actually As such : aslnda, gerekte : gerekten, dorusu, hatta : aslnda : aslnda, gerekten :aslnda, gerekten

10. REFUTATION: rtme

On the contrary : aksine In contrast : aksine By contrast : aksine

11. TRANSITION: -ile ilgili:

as regards regarding concerning as to about pertaining to

-e gelince
with regard to with respect to as for in the case of when it comes to

olarak grmek/deerlendirmek regard as view as consider as cite as

12. SUMMATION / CONCLUSION

In summary In brief In short In conclusion To be brief To sum up All in all : zet olarak, ksacas : ksacas : ksaca : sonu olarak : ksacas : zet olarak : zet olarak; her eyi hesaba kattmzda

13. EXCEPTION
Except that Except for Save that Saving Apart from But But for : bir yana : -den baka, dnda : ancak : -den baka, dnda : -den baka, dnda : :

15. Irrespective of Regardless of : baklmakszn, gzetmeksizin :..kaideye almadan

Bu yaplarn evirisi -ever kelimeleri gibi yaplabilir. Regardless of what he says : whatever he says 16. whereby : by means of which by means of via through with the help of by through through throughout + SVO : araclyla, vastasyla

+ NP

: araclyla, vastasyla

: iinden geerek, arasndan geerek through the canal : araclyla, yardmyla :boyunca, tm Turkey

INVERSION

A) NEGATIVE INVERSION: Negatif anlam veren kelime ile ya da negatif kelimenin iinde yer ald bir kalpla balayan cmleler devrik olabilirler.. Only ile balayan cmlelerde devrik dizilim genellikle ana cmlede olur.

Little does she know what surprises we have in store for her. No sooner had I opened the door than the phone started ringing. Hardly had I gone to the bed when there was a knock at the door. Not only did he resign from the post but he also left home. Not a single word did she say. Not until I finish this project will I have a holiday. Nowhere have I seen a more beautifully decorated room so far. On no account will he accept the project offered by the union. Under no circumstances will he accept the project offered by the union. Never has she experienced such an emotion. At no time have I seen her talking to anyone. Seldom have I seen him looking so miserable. Only when the government stops interfering will we see any improvement in our schools. Adams was not invited, and neither were any of his friends. Adams was not invited, and nor were any of his friends.

B) POSITIVE INVERSION:

So hot was the road surface that the asphalt melted. Such an efficient secretary is she that you dont need to do anything on your own. I would like to know whats happening out there. So would my friends. To be able to be promoted, you should work hard as does your father. ( d gibi) No one could have worked harder than did she. Simon isnt as tall as is his brother. On the new classroom management procedures is there so much concentration.
If clause type I : should If clause type II : were If clause type III : had

1-

A lot of, Lots of, Plenty of: (hem +, hem -)

oul isimler ya da saylamayan tekil isimlerle beraber ok; birok anlamnda kullanlan bu yaplar genellikle olumlu cmlelerde tercih edilirler.

2- A number of, A good many, Quite a few, A good few, (sadece +) A great many, A large number of, Scores of, Large numbers of:

Kendilerinden sonra sadece oul isim alarak kullanlan bu yaplarn hepsi birok anlamna sahiptirler ve zne olarak kullanldklarnda fiil oul zneye gre ekimlenir.
Iinde number, few, many geen yaplar

***The number of yaps -nn says anlamnda kullanlr ve devamndaki yardmc fiil tekil zneye gre ekimlenir. e.g. The number of students is / A number of students are

3- A good deal of, A great deal of, A vast amount of, A large amount of, A great quantity of: (sadece -)
inde amount, deal, quantity geen yaplar

Kendilerinden sonra sadece saylamayan tekil isim alarak kullanlan bu yaplarn hepsi ok anlam tamaktadrlar. Bir cmlede zneyi nitelediklerinde fiil tekil zneye gre ekimlenir
4Many, Several, Few, A few: (sadece +)

Kendilerinden sonra sadece oul isim alarak kullanlan bu yaplardan many yaps birok; several yaps birka; a few ve few yaplar az diye evrilir. Ancak, a few yaps sayca few yapsndan fazlalk ifade eder A few : az ama yeterli (enough) Few : yok denecek kadar az (not enough)
5- Much, A little, Little: (sadece -)

Kendilerinden sonra sadece saylamayan tekil isim alarak kullanlan bu yaplardan a little ve little yaplar biraz diye evrilir. Ancak, a little yaps miktar bakmndan little yapsndan fazlalk ifade eder. Bir baka deyile little yaps az diye de evrilebilir. Much yaps ise ok anlamnda kullanlan bir yapdr A little Little Only + a few Only + a little : az ama yeterli (enough) : yok denecek kadar az (not enough) : few : little

6- Most, Any, Some, No: : (hem +, hem -)

Kendilerinden sonra hem oul hem de saylamaz isimlerle kullanlabilen bu yaplardan most yaps ou, pek ok; any yaps herhangi; hi; some yaps biraz; birka; ve no yaps hi anlamnda kullanlr any yaps olumlu cmlede her, herhangi bir, tm eklinde de evrilebilir.

7- Both, Either, Neither: 2

Sadece iki eyden bahsederken kullandmz bu yaplardan both yaps her ikisi; either yaps ikisinden biri; ve neither yaps ikisinden hibiri anlamna gelmektedir. imdi bu yaplar ayr ayr inceleyelim:
*** Either reaction is regarded as a rude attitude. (Both reactions are )
(Her iki tepki de kaba bir tutum olarak deerlendirilir.) neither of the students : 2 renciden hibirisi none of the students : rencilerin hibirisi

8- Each or Every?

Bu iki yap da kendilerinden sonra saylabilen tekil isim alarak kullanlrlar ve her zaman tekil olarak deerlendirilirler Each Every : one by one : seperately : as a whole (all)
Each of the students is Each is

Each of Every of xxx dizilimi yoktur Each : zamir Every : zamir xxx kullanlmaz Nearly / almost + every

Nearly every student is : Nearly all students are Every 5 weeks, every 2 years

9- All or Whole? All my life All the money : my whole life : the whole Money

my ve the yaplarnn yerlerine dikakt ediniz.

All yaps ayrca Noun Clause yaplarnda the only thing anlamnda kullanlabilir. Bu kullanmda All zne pozisyonunda ise yardmc fiil tekil olur. e.g.
All (that) I want you to do is to be quite. (Yapman istediim tek ey sessiz olman.)

10- NO or NONE? No + isim .no people, no money. None of + isim. None of the students. None : zamir I liked none.

11 another : bir dieri / tekil isim / limit yok / zamir de olabilir.

..One..another.(limit yok) Turkey has lots of problems... One is inflation..Another problem is Another is..Another is the other : dieri / iki eyden dieri ya da grupta en sonda kalan/ zamir de olabilir

..One..the other.(2 ey var) I have 2 brothers. One lives in Ankara. The other lives in stanbul. Others : dierleri

..Some..others. Some experts claim that , while others (other experts) think that The others : belli grup iinde kalan dierleri

There are 40 students in the class. 25 of them are female. The others (the other 15 students) are male Some other Many other Any other

: baka

we need some other methods.

Eachother : 2 kii One another : 2 den fazla kii

: birbirine : birbirine

My + noun Your His Her Its Our Your Their

Mine Yours His Hers Its Ours Yours Theirs

Subject Pronouns

Reflexive Pronouns

I You He She It We You They

Myself Yourself Himself Herself Itself Ourselves Yourselves Themselves

She blames herself, whereas they blame themselves

On + posessive adjective + own (on my own, on his own, on your own, etc.) yapsn kullanarak By + reflexive pronoun kullanarak verdiimiz yalnz ya da kendi bana, yardm almadan anlamlarn verebiliriz.
On my own On his own : by myself : by himself

DKKAT ETMENIZ GEREKEN KELIMELER, YAPILAR VE ESANLAMLILARI

Evidence for (-nn kant) Evidence of (-nn kant) However rich he is, he isnt happy. (However yaps kendisinden sonra sfat ya da zarf alp yan cmlecik ve ana cmlecii balayabilir.) Aye is not at home, but at work. (deil, anlam veren not, but kalb parallel bir kalptr ve not yerine olumsuzluk veren baka yaplar da kullanlabilir.) Consecutively Subsequently Successively (ard arda; bunun ardndan) respectively

Rather than: -den ziyade genellikle + Ving Instead of In place of (-nn yerine; -den ziyade; -dense) _____ I could. I like. (Boluktan sonra bu ekilde ksa ifadeler varsa ok byk ihtimalle orada bir as..as ya da more than yaps gibi bir ksaylama ifadesi kullanlr.)

as as ______. (asas yapsnn devamna aadaki yaplar getirilebilir.) me I I do. (SVO) . do I. (Devrik cmle) Aye spend as much as I earn on a day Aye spend as much as do I earn on a day. At the expense of = -nn zararna, -nn srtndan __________. Indeed, In fact, As a matter of fact, ____. Actually (Bu zarflar bir nceki cmlenin daha vurgulu bir ifadesinin olduu bir cmleye gei salarlar) I dont need money whatsoever. (whatsoever yaps olumsuz cmlede bir ismin ardndan gelir ve Trkedeki Paraya maraya ihtiyacm yok anlamndaki ikilemeyi salar) Drawback Shortcoming Pitfall Defect Flaw Disadvantage (Bu kelimeler eksiklik, kusur, dezavantaj anlam verirler) Put into effect/use/market (-y uygulamay koymak, piyasaya srmek) Go into effect Come into effect (uygulamaya girmek)

Distinct Different from (-den farkl) Distinguish between Effect on Impact on Influence on I am of the opinion that.. (Grm .) ___ you know, she is student. As (-d gibi)

As far as (-d kadaryla) So far as (Nesnesi eksik bir yan cmlecik bu bala kullanlarak bir ana cmlece balanabilir.) All the students but Ahmet failed. (But balac bu tr kullanmda hari anlam verip except ya da except for gibi bir kullanma sahiptir.) Make up for = compensate for = telafi etmek, karlamak Eradicate Wipe out Stamp out Clear out (kkn kazmak, yok etmek) To .extent/degree To some extent (ksmen) To what extent (hangi oranda) To a large extent (byk oranda) To a little extent (azck) (toextent ya da to degree kalb araya eitli yaplar alarak kullanlabilir. As yet = imdilik Instead of Rather than In place of (-nn yerine; -den ziyade; -dense) Whereby = by means of which (-...yoluyla; araclyla; vastasyla) This is the method whereby you can treat malaria. (whereby yaps Adjective Clause yapar ve bir ismi niteler.) I wanted Ahmet to sleep, but he did otherwise. (Otherwise yaps bir zarftr ve yoksa, aksi takdirde anlamnn yan sra aksi, tersi anlam da vardr) Clockwise (saat yn) Anti-clockwise (saat ynnn tersi) From . to (hem zaman hem yer ifadelerinde) From .until (sadece zaman ifadelerinde) From ..till (sadece zaman ifadelerinde)

As you know, _________. As far as So far as (Bu ekilde nesnesi eksik olan bir ifadenin yan cmlecik olmasn as, as far as ve so far as balalar salayabilir. Bu durmda devamlarna tam cmle (ana cmlecik) getirilir. ) Aye, if she studies hard, can pass the exam. (Bala+yan cmlecik bu ekilde ana cmleciin iine yerletirilebilir) I am of the opinion that (grm.) All students but Ahmet failed the exam. (But balac bu tr kullanmda hari anlam verip except ya da except for gibi bir kullanma sahiptir.) I have no option but to study. (But balac genelde devamna bir fiil alacaksa fiilin to Vo halini alr) Spot Point where SVO

Process by which SVO Situation Condition Disease in which SVO Environment Circumstance Be subject to Be exposed to -e maruz kalm

Play Take an important part/role in Under the terms of (-nn artlarna gre) Under the orders of (-nn komutasnda) Under the supervision of (-nn denetiminde) Under the rule of (-nn idaresinde) Parity with (ile eitlik) Take into consideration (gz nne almak) Take into account (hesaba katmak)

Regardless of Irrespective of (-y dikkate almadan, -y hesaba katmadan)

However rich he is, he isnt happy.

(However + adj/adv +S V, SVO)

However you will design your room is up to you. (However Noun Clause yapmtr.) However we travel, it is going to be a long journey. (However Yan cmlecik, Ana cmlecik. sadece vasta bildirirken) (However yaps bu durum dnda ncesinde bir cmle olmakszn cmle banda kullanlamaz.) Cooperation with = ..ile ibirlii On a basis (on a regular basis = dzenli olarak) On a level (on a high level = yksek seviyede) On a scale (on a large scale = byk lekli) In the wake of = -nn ardndan In its wake = onun ardndan What I want to know is where she was yesterday. (Bu cmlede hem zneyi hem de tamamlaycy Noun Clause yapalr oluturmutur) Whereby = by means of which (-...yoluyla; araclyla; vastasyla)

This is the method whereby you can treat malaria. (whereby yaps Adjective Clause yapar ve bir ismi niteler.) To .extent/degree To some extent (ksmen) To what extent (hangi oranda) To a large extent (byk oranda) To a little extent (azck) (toextent ya da to degree kalb araya eitli yaplar alarak kullanlabilir. Replace with (..ile deitirme) Subsititute with (ile deitirme)

Apprehensive = anxious, worried (endieli) Comprehensive = thorough = exhaustive (kapsaml) Charge with (ile sulamak) Accuse of (ile sulamak) Blame for (ile sulamak) Appeal for = ask for (talep etmek, istemek) Appeal to = attract (cezbetmek) Appeal = temyize gitme Otherwise ____, _____. (olmaz) (Otherwise yaps bir bala deil zarftr. Bu yzden yan cmlecik ve ana cmlecik eklinde iki cmlecii balayamaz. Aadaki gibi birbirinden ayrlan iki cmleciin arasnda kullanlabilir. _____; /./ Otherwise, ______. Therefore However Instead In spite On the contrary On the other hand Even So (Bu yaplarn hepsi zarftr, ve devamlarna cmle alrlar, ayrca ncelerinde de mutlaka bir cmle olmaldr.) 1980 is a notorious year for Turkey. (zne gemii gsteren bir zaman ifadesi olsa da zaman Present olabilir) Such adj+noun as (kyaslama) Such noun as (rnekleme) Seem Appear to V0 prove Replacement = subsititute Particularly In particular Especially Notably (Some countries, especially Turkey,)

(Bu zarflar bir grubun iinden bir geyi n plana karmak iin kullanlrlar) Malaria is a disease _in which__ SVO. disorder ailment illness impairment infirmity condition environment situation circumstance Cleft Sentence: It was by studying hard that Ahmet passed the exam last year. (That yapsndan sonra Tam cmle gelmesine ramen Noun Clause deil Cleft sentence yaplmtr. Bu tr durumlarda Itthat uyumuna dikkat etmek gerekir) It was the Romans who / that built this bridge. It was this bridge that was built by the Romans Pertaining to = related to With regard to As regards Regarding -e gelince, sz konusu olunca As for As to Teem with ile dolu olmak) Abound in Be full with Be stuck with Frankly, Honestly, To be honest, To be frank, (drst olmak gerekirse)

Agree with smb Agree on/about smt As well as Besides NP, ___________. (prep) In addition to Apart from (Bu yaplar Prep olduklar iin devamlarn Noun Phrase (NP) alrlar.)

If not necessary, __SVO__. (zorunlu olmasa da.) (If not, yaps bu ekilde kullanldnda -olmasa da ya da -e ramen anlam verir. ______, and therefore _____ thus hence thereby (Bu durumda and balacnn zellikleri geerlidir) I first saw her in the concert. (First yaps zarf olduunda ilk kez anlam verir ve genelde Past ifade eder) The first man to leave the building was. (The first/second; The best/most; ve The only yaplar devamlarna fiili to Vo eklinde alrlar.) Make something known = introduce (tantmak, piyasaya srmek) That is In other words Namely To put it differently = baka bir deyile

Within the reach of X Range from .to Vary from to As for As regards As to Regarding With regard to

Out of reach = keep this out of childrens reach.

(-den .-e eitlik gsteren)

-e gelince sz konusu olunca

Whether or / Whether or not Hem olup olmad N.C. yapar Hem de olsa da olmasa da/Adv.Cl. yapar Whether = sadece olup olmad N.C ..so that can/could. ..in order that (-sn diye: devamlarna genelde modal alrlar)

Research on Study in/into Inquiry (spesifik olursa on) (genel alan olursa in ya da into) Search for (-bir eyin aratrmas) That is In other words Namely

yani, bir baka deyile

They were surprised/amazed/shocked at/by .. __Much_ to their surprise/amazement, __Much___ to the surprise of them, particularly = in particular (zellikle) accordingly = in accord (buna uygun olarak) My doctor gave me a recipe. And I eat everything accordingly. Resident (bir yerde ikamet eden) Dweller Settler Inhabitant In place of = instead of = Rather than Be Composed of -den olumak Consist of Include Be made of Prevail (v) hkm srmek In Turkey common sense prevails. Prevelance (n) yaygnlk Remarkable (dikkate deer oranda, nemli) Significant Considerable Important

Seep into = -e szmak Abolish = revoke = annul = repeal (geersiz klmak, yrrlkten kaldrmak) Sensitive to Susceptible to Vulnerable to -e kar savunmasz olma -e hassas

She is like my mother. (like benzetme yapar) Occur = take place = come about (olmak, meydana gelmek) Null and void = invalid Convert Turn Transform Change

to/into

Should have V3 Ought to have V3 Was/were supposed to Vo Point Spot where.. Process by which Situation Condition Disease Circumstance Environment

-meliydin

in which

Be exposed to -e maruz kalm Be subject to He resorted to violence to get his money back. (-e bavurmak) As a last resort, . (Son are olarak) Can you write in English? (Bir dilde bir ey yazmak in edat olur) Stray off den sapmak Adapt = adapte etmek

Adopt = benimsemek Appease Soothe sakinletirmek, yattrmak Sedate Tranquilize There has been a decrease in prices by 10 %. By 10 % = at the rate of 10%. Irrespective of = regardless of (-y dikkate almadan, -y hesaba katmadan) He won the lottery thereby becoming the richest man in the town. (kendisinden sonra Ving) He won the lottery. He was thereby chosen the leader of the team (pasif yapnn iinde) He married and thereby lost touch with us. (Bu cmlede and kurallar geerli) As it is stated in the passage, As is stated in the passage, As stated in the passage, As in the passage, . Result from = stem from Result in = lead to = cause = bring about = give rise to = contribute to Found founded- founded / establish (kurmak) Find found found (bulmak) Abolish = revoke = annul = repeal (yrrlkten kaldrmak) Expand into . Develop into (byyerek) -e haline gelmek Osmanl Beylii expanded into an empire. Under the orders of = -nn ynetimi altnda Under the supervision of = -nn denetimi altnda Under the terms of = -nn artlarna gre Soothe = appease = sedate = tranquilize sakinletirmek

Subsequently Successively Consecutively

ardndan

Successor = halef Predecessor = selef Irrespective of = regardless of = makszn Comply with = Abide by = stick to = e bal kalma Generosity Attitude to / towards Sensitivity From 1920 onward, As of 1920, As from 1920, Wipe out Stamp out Eradicate Clear out As regards Regarding As for As to With regard to -e gelince, sz konusu olunca Carry out = conduct = perform = do Exhaustive = comprehensive = thorough = kapsaml, etrafl go on strike = greve gitmek such adj+noun as (kyaslama) such noun as (rnekleme) effect on impact on influence on play take a role / a part in

date back - gemie (-e dayanmak) date from - gnmze (-den kalmak) He is known to posterity by this book. (..tarafndan bilinmek) by yerine to He is known for this book. (ile tannmak, ile nl olmak) He is known as the best player. (olarak grlmek) Compensate for == Make up for tazmine tmek, telafi etmek, karlamak I dont love you any more I dont love you any longer. (artk) I no longer love you. Do you have any more questions? (daha fazla) No, sir. I have no more questions. (daha fazla yok) Aye, if she studies hard, can pass the exam. (bala+yan cmlecik ksm ana cmleciin iine konulabilir) Have .... to do with = -ile alakas olmak something nothing little It is necessary for me to pass the exam. (for smb. to Vo) Commonplace = widespread yaygn May well Might well = may / might / could Could well May as well Might as well Be composed of be made up of consist of contain include rely on / upon depend on / upon

= had better

count on / upon account for make up constitute comprise oluturmak considerable ciddi miktarda; nemli remarkable significant important considerate = thoughtful but She is at home and is cooking. and or so Bu balalar paraleldir. Bu yzden ortak zne tekrar etmeyebilir. two-thirds (2/3) one-third (1/3) one-sixth (1/6) One of my friends = a friend of mine I no longer love you. I dont love you any longer. any more. Do you have any more questions? No, I have no more questions. Only a few = few (only few olmaz) Only a little = little (only little olmaz) Suggest Suspect that Imply Ask/wonder that (olmaz) Ask/wonder wh-/how/whether (olur) I need to go. My shirt needs to be ironed / ironing. The + noun + of + noun

The leg of the table It was not Ali but Hseyin who broke the window. Aye is not at home but (she is) at work. notbut kalb paraleldir But And Or So (paralel balalar. Ayn zne ve fiili tekrar etmesende olur.) This is the method whereby you can treat malaria. put emphasis on put importance on am/is/are Ving for two weeks (olmaz) was/were Ving will be Ving bu yaplarn perfect halleri olur . Deal Amount saylamayan gbek kelimeleri Quantity A deal of money/water ______. In contrast, ___ (bunun aksine) Instead (bunun yerine) In contrast to/with NP, ___. (-nn aksine) In spite of (-e ramen) Instead of (-nn yerine) Long-lasting product (uzun mrl) Consecutively (ard arda) Subsequently Successively Respectively Instead of Rather than In place of .____ you like/ I can / I could. gibi ksa cmlecik varsa genelde Asas More than by means of which

So as vb. kyaslama yaplar doru olur. the other students passed. the other student passed. (the other yaps devamna hem tekil isim alabilir hem oul isim alabiklir hem de tekil bir ismin yerine ikame olur. the others ise oul ismin yerine ikame olur) I did it myself. (zne ile reflexive uyumlu olmal) I saw Ahmet himself. (reflexive nesneyi vurgulayabilir) By + reflexive - yardm almadan - yalnz I answered the question by myself = on my own. He is at home by himself = on his own. I am at home alone. I am lonely. For + reflexive = birinci elden tanklk See it for yourself. (Kendin gr) One of my friends = A friend of mine Situation Condition in which Disease Book All students but Ahmet failed the test. But bu cmlede hari anlamndadr. except ya da except for olabilirdi. He is known to the posterity by this book. (Genlik tarafndan tannyor) Compensate for Make up for Detrimental to Harmful to Rather than Instead of In place of He learned that RTE was the PM then.

Be regarded as be known as be cited as be recognized as be acknowledged as Wipe out Eradicate Stamp out clear out appalling staggering stunning lead to cause bring about give rise to result in contribute to result from stem from arise from irrespective of regardless of with a view to = -nn amacyla He won the lottery, thereby becoming the richest man in the town. He won the elections. He was thereby chosen the president. He is a good player, and thereby knows how to play. (thereby bu ekilde kullanlabilir) I dont need money whatsoever. (whatsoever olumsuz cmlede bir isimden sonra gelir ve onu pekitirir) He is rich. he isnt happy though. He though isnt happy (though zarf olunca cmle ba hari her yerde kullanlabilir) Regardas. (aktif) Be regarded as (pasif) Be known as Be acknowledged as (olarak bilinmek)

Be counted as Be cited as I did this myself. (zne ve reflexive uyumlu) I did this by myself / on my own. I saw Ahmet himself. (reflexive nesneyi vurguluyor) I myself saw Ahmet. (reflexive zneyi vurguluyor) See it for yourself. (birinci elden tanklk) In particular Especially Notably Particularly (zellikle) Convert into/in Turn Change transform point spot where

As it is in the others, .. As in the others, .. (ksaltlm hali) The + noun of + noun In the light of I am surprised at/by I am dissappointed with/by She answered the question herself. itself (her iki reflexive de kullanlabilir ama analam farkldr) on a level on a scale on a basis pertaining to = related to

turn out to V0 stamp out wipe out eradicate clear out clear away at birth by birth spend on on display = gsterimde olan date back date from ail = halt ailment impairment infirmity One . Another

(2).. One. The other To a/an extent degree acquire (v) (edinmek) acquisition (n) (edinim) Prior to (prep) = before Priority = privilege Unparalleled Unprecedented unique I was surprised by / at __much___ To their surprise/amazement ___much___To the surprise of them process by which SVO

point spot where SVO at present presently currently

= now

make use of take advantage of utilize exploit goods commodity tool device appliance equipment instrument

-den faydalanmak

= meta, eya

= alet, cihaz, aygt

if not necessary = zorunlu olmasa da subject = citizen perpetual permanent constant continuous perennial

= srekli, kalc

resist to resistant to = -e diren resistance to Such countries as Turkey.. (rnekleme) Regardless of Irrespective of = -e bakmakszn

This income which is thereby made available to them is.. (pasif yapnn iinde kullanlm) Flagging Staggering = bocalayan, sendeleyen

Stunning Effect on Impact on Influence on Stare at Gaze at = -e dik dik bakmak

Tend to Be liable to = -e eilimi olmak Be inclined to Be predisposed to Be prone to That is In other words Namely = Baka bir deyile

May well Might well = may / might / could Could well May as well Might as well

= had better

Some countries, such as Turkey, are. like .. For example, Common sense should prevail. Prevalance (n) Prevalant / dominant (adj) Leak (v) szdrmak Leakage (n) szdrma, sznt Seep into -e szmak She is at home and is sleeping. (and balac paralel olduu iin ikinci cmlenin znesi kullanlmad) It lasted for 3 years It lasted until 1990.

Put emphasis on importance pressure attach significance to importance attack on assault on from 1950 onward backward sideward upward. Turn out to V0 As for As regards sz konusu olunca As to -e gelince Regarding With regard to Rather than Instead of In place of Stamp out Wipe out Eradicate Clear out -nn yerine / -den ziyade -mektense - kkn kazmak - silmek (-den bu yana)

Extinguish - sndrmek Put out Lucrative Profitable (adj) krl As OF 1970, .itibariyle As FROM 1970, From 1970 onwards, In charge of (-nn sorumluluunda) Reponsible for When he graduated from university,

On / Upon graduating from university, .. On / Upon his graduation, (when balac on ve upon edatlar ile de ksaltlabilir) I am like my father. (be like benzemek anlamndadr) Occur Take place (olmak, meydana gelmek) Come about Only few (yanl) only a few (olur) = few Only little (yanl) only a little (olur) = little leave out = not include keep up with = ayn seviyede kalmak catch up with = ayn seviyeye gelmek sort out figure out = zmlemek; anlamak work out make out stand for = symbolize in charge of = responsible for take up with make up for = compensate for with the weather being rainy, we stayed .. (farkl zneler olduunda with ile ksaltma yaplr. Bala yerine with yazlr ve fiil normal eklinde ksaltlr) growth in (-da byme) growth of (-nn bymesi) draw up (tasarlamak, hazrlamak) be affiliated with (ile balantl) lucrative = profitable at a low ebb = ok kt durumda

vulnerable susceptible to -e kar savunmasz/hassas sensitive by means of via by through

= yoluyla, araclyla

thorough = kapsaml throughout = boyunca wrap up = sarmak; sonlandrmak be wrapped into = -e sarl ____. In comparison, _______. In comparison to / with NP, _______. This job offers lots of opportunities. This book offers . (offer fiili sunmak anlamnda genelde V1 olur) Alike yaps 3 ekilde kullanlr. They are alike / similar. (adj) They behave alike / similarly. (adv) Girls and boys alike = Both girls and boys Be regarded as Be known as Be acknowledged as ..olarak grlmek Be recognized as Be cited as Be viewed as Get over Recover from Pull through Get rid of iyilemek

The number of students is (the number yaps -nn says anlamndadr ve tekildir) Generosity

Attitude Sensitivity Swing

= to / toward

Arise from Result from -den kaynaklanmak Stem from Eradicate Stamp out kkn kazmak Wipe out Clear out Transform Convert Turn Change

into / to

To . extent / degree As yet = imdilik Whose is this book? Whose book is this? (iki ekil de olur) Rather than Instead of In place of = -mektense / -den ziyade

I wanted him to stay at home, but he did otherwise. (otherwise bir zarftr ve her yere gelir) Clockwise / anti-clockwise Depend on / upon Rely on / upon Pay attention to Come up with (solution, idea, proposal) produce from 1920 to/till/until 1930 (zaman) from Ankara to Istanbul (yer) She, if she studies hard, can pass the exam. (yan cmlecik araya girebilir) As you know,

As far as I know, So far as I know, __ Main Clause____. (bu cmlede know fiilinin nesnesi olmasa da devamna Noun Clause deil Main Clause gelir, nk bu yaplar balatr) Pitfall Flaw Shortcoming eksiklik; kusur Defect Drawback Disadvantage Over For During In Within

the last/past (have/has V3)

Disease Situation __in which__ SVO. Condition where (olabilir ama kullanma) However rich he is, he isnt happy. (-e ramen anlamnda) He is rich; however, he isnt happy. nevertheless nonetheless ama yine de Under the terms of Under the orders of Under the supervision of . Under consideration Under construction Parity with = ile eit Regardless of -e bakmakszn Irrespective of Arise from Result from -den kaynaklanmak Stem from Get rid of den kurtulmak Get out of At the expense of . nn zararna each other = one another

_____. In fact, Indeed, As a matter of fact, _______. (bu yaplar bir nceki cmleyi vurgular) Shortcoming Pitfall Drawback Flaw Disadvantage defect

eksiklik, kusur

I have no problem whatsoever with you. (whatsoever yaps olumsuz cmlede bir isimin ardndan gelir ve onu pekitirir) Effect on Influence on Impact on I am of the opinion that SVO Under consideration = dnce aamasnda Take into consideration = gz nne almak Take into account = hesaba katmak Put into effect Put into use Put into/onto market Go into effect Come into effect ____ you know, I am a teacher. (bu cmlede know fiilinin nesnesi olmasa day an cmlecik yapabilen as, just as, as far as ve so far as balalar olabilir) Some countries, such as / like Turkey, are (rnekleme) In charge of = -den sorumlu Responsible for In advance = nceden beforehand in confidence = confidential = gizli in secrecy

exploit = smrmek; sonuna kadar kullanmak expose (v) maruz brakmak Rather than Instead of In place of Ailment Disease illness infirmity If you have finished the task, you can leave. (belli bir eylem varsa have/has V3 olabilir) I have just recognized how much is at stake. (pabucun pahal olduunu anladm) On a level On a scale On a basis Lucrative = profitable Patrol (v) = gezinmek, dolamak The table the leg of which is broken is in my room. (of which aitlik ifade etcekse nnde bu ekilde aralarnda aitlik olan iki Noun phrase olur) I am like my father.. I look like my father. (gibi gzkmek, -e benzemek) Leave out = not include As of 1920, As from 1920, From 1920 onwards, Ankara is .itibariyle -nn yerine/-den ziyade

centered (yer ifade ederken) located placed situated

stand for = symbolize in charge of = responsible for

When he graduated from univeristy, On/Upon graduating., On/Upon his graduation, (when balac on/upon edatlar ile de ksaltlbailir) Put . into force/market/use Come Go into use/market/force Take something for granted = nemsememek; = bir eyi grmezden gelmek; grant (v) bahetmek, vermek grant (n) burs, yardm play take a role/part in I am of the opinion that Be of. e haiz olmak; -e sahip olmak This agreement is of importance. Make out Figure out Find out Work out Sort out

anlamak, zmlemek

Take up = hobiye balamak/ zaman & yer doldurmak take up with = zaman & yer doldurmak look down on = disdain = despise = scorn make up for = compensate for employ (v) employer (n) employee (n) employment (n) unemployment (N) From 1920 onwards, As of 1920, As from 1920, .. itibariyle

Ban on Prohibition on Teem with ile dolu olmak Abound in Be full with Be made up of Be composed of Be comprised of -den olumak Consist of Include

Make up = : Uydurmak : Makyaj yapmak : oluturmak send off = give off = emit = release One .. . Another . Two.. One The other

and thus and therefore and hence and thereby and so and consequently (bu durumda and balacnn zellikleri geerli olur) seem appear to V0 prove comply with conform with -e bal olmak abide by stick to turn out to V0 for this reason

for a variety of reasons fall into disrepute = gzden dmek fall into disfavour She is sure that .. (Adj + that) Comprehensive Exhaustive thorough compulsory obligatory mandatory keep out = not enter leave out = not include wrap up = finish / sarmak The Sun rises (doar) Be superior to (-e stn olmak) Be inferior to (-den aa olmak) Alike yaps 3 ekilde kullanlabilir. 1) We are alike/similar. 2) Treat them alike/similarly. 3) Girls and boys alike = both girls and boys Put up with = tolerate = katlanmak; tolerans tanmak Catch up with = ayn seviyeyi yakalamak Keep up with = ayak uydurmak, ayn seviyede olmak Make out Figure out anlamk; zmlemek Work out Sort out Find out Take after = resemble, look like = etrafl, kapsaml

Let down = dissappoint Work out Come up with retmek Produce Involuntary= impulsive = unintentional Bring about Cause -ile sonulanmak Lead to Result in On a level On a basis On a scale To a large extent = largely = byk oranda Instead of Rather than In place of Astounding Staggering Stunning artc appalling at pace (hznda) Apart from Besides In addition to As well as killing germs, this vaccine also does harm to the surrounding tissues. Conclusive = convincing = persuasive Deal with Cope with Tackle Handle Trivial = unimportant = insignificant Medium, media Be made up of

Be comprised of Consist of Include Be subject to Be exposed to Impact on Influence on Effect on

-den olumak

Be regarded as Be recognized as = olarak grlmek Be cited as Be known as Be acknowledged as Take care of = look after Make up for = compensate for Keep up with =-e ayak uydurmak, ayn seviyede kalmak Catch up with = -i yakalamak Keep in touch with = irtibat halinde kalmak Get in touch with = irtibata gemek This job offers lots of opportunities. (offer fiili sunmak anlamnda genelde V1 olur) At the rate of -nn orannda __________. Thus, _____. Therefore Hence ..and thus.. therefore hence ** thereby (bu kullanmda and kurallar geerlidir) concur with =ayn zamana denk dmek coincide with

fall into disfavor = gzden dmek fall into disrepute Ahmet went out and called her. but or so (paralel balalar) Ahmet didnt study hard so failed the exam. Account for Make up Consititute My students differ in/in terms of age. vary range attitude generosity sensitivity sympathy towards / to

Recover from Get over = iyilemek Pull through Carry out Do an experiment, a research . perform make out work out figure out find out sort out

zmlemek, anlamak

settle down = sakinlemek; yerleik dzen

bring about lead to cause result in give rise to contribute to

-e sebep olmak

convert into transform into -e dntrmek change into turn into in excess of more than significant important remarkable considerable outstanding drastic = nn fazlas; -den fazla

= dikkate deer

To the detriment of = -nn zararna Detrimental to = -e zararl apparently seemingly it seems that be happy with be pleased with drastic stringent strict measure step precaution sert nlemler = grne gre

in danger of = -nn tehlikesinde at the rate of = -nn orannda at temperature as a result of as a consequence of because of due to owing to thanks to on account of over for during in

= -den dolay = -nn sayesinde

the last/past have/has V3..

abate decrease azalmak diminish fall She likes tea. I do, too. (olumlu katlm) Quantity Deal of .+ saylamayan isimler) amount the noun of noun the leg of the table differ in size/colour vary in / in terms of .. suggest suspect imply that

wonder that almaz ask (sormak) susceptible to vulnerable to -e kar savunmasz sensitive to take into account = hesaba katmak take into consideration = dikkate almak _______. Indeed In fact As a matter of fact, _______. (bu yaplar bir nceki cmleyi vurgularlar) Depend on / upon Rely on/upon Trust / count on Tend to Be liable to Be prone to -e yatkn, -e eilimli Be predisposed to Successive

Consecutive = ard arda Subsequent Keep up with = ayn seviyede kalmak Catch up with = ayn seviyeyi yakalamak Each student learns at a different pace. In the course of = -nn esnasnda Be compatible with = ile uyumlu Make use of Take advantage of Utilize -den faydalanmak

Incident = olay, vaka Incidence = grlme skl, insidans Subsititution = replacement Respond to (v) Response to (n) In response to = -e cevap olarak Keep Involve Consider Ving alrlar Appreciate Enjoy. Intend Tend Claim Decide Seem Appear Prove

to V0 alrlar

By means of By = vastasyla Through Via With the help of

Fall into disrepute = gzden dmek Fall into disfavour Proportinate to = ile orantl Be addicted to = -e baml Difficulty Trouble (in) Ving Beyond borders snrlar tesinde Beyond recognition tannamayacak kadar One another Range from .to Vary from to = -den ..-e

Place emphasis/importance on Put emphasis/importance on = -nn nemini artrmak Rather than Instead of In place of -den ziyade/ -mektense /

On behalf of In behalf of = -nn adna In the wake of In the aftermath of = -nn ardndan

Be of = -e haiz olmak; -e sahip olmak This is of importance = This is important Be regarded as Be cited as Be known as Be acknowledged as Be recognized as Be prone to Be liable to Tend to Be disposed to Stamp out = olarak grlmek

-e yatkn

Wipe out Eradicate Clear out

kkn kazmak

Evidence of / for Particularly Especially Notably In particular Put on weight Put/Place pressure on Put/Place importance on Put/Place emphasis on Come across Run into Bump into Meet by chance

ans eseri karlamak

Keep in touch with ile temasta kalmak Get in touch with ile temasa gemek Be exposed to -e maruz kalm Be subject to Be disposed to Tend to Be prone to Be Liable to Affluent Rich Prosperous Developed well-off wealthy

-e yatkn

zengin

lead to cause bring about give rise to result in accumulate in contribute to

= -e sebep olmak

disorder ailment disease illness defect impairment

hastalk, bozukluk

offer fiilisunmak anlamnda genelde V1 olur. This job offers lots of oppportunities. Unmistakably = istisnasz Seem Appear Prove

to V0 alr

As to As for As regards = -e gelince, sz konusu ...olunca Regarding With regard to Result from Stem from -den kaynaklanmak Arise from Emerge from Develope out of have something to do with = alaka var nothing = alaka yok Turkey is getting more and more populated. (bu yapda genelde be Ving kullanlr) She has the same problems that I have with my parents. (the sameas yerine the same that yaps da olabilir ama that yapsndan sonra cmle gelir.) This is too difficult a quesiton. (Too yaps devamna sfat ya da zarf alr. sim almas iin bu ekilde a/an araya gelmelidir) This city is supposed to have been founded in 1920.

(pasif yapdan sonra fiil to Vo olur. To have V3 ise eylem daha once olmusa kullanlr.)

Differ in / in terms of bakmndan farkllk gstermek Vary Range Die of Die from -den lmek

Rampant = commonplace = yaygn Be confined to Be limited to =ile snrl Be restricted to On a basis On a level On a scale In the course of..= -nn esnasnda The course of our life. = hayatmzn gidiat My aim is to be a successful business man. being (be fiilinden sonra tamamlayc olarak to Vo ya da Ving gelebilir) Evidence of -nn kant Evidence for Within reach Out of reach Due to Thanks to Because of Owing to -den dolayo On account of As a result of As a consequence of

Irrespective of Regardless of Condition Disease Situation

-y dikkate almadan

in which ..

In order to So as to V0 to property characteristics feature in proportion to proportinate to

-mek iin

zellik -e oranla

proportion to -e oranl proportion of -nn oran rank first birinci srada rank second ikinci srada light up = enlighten = aydnlatmak make do with = ile yetinmek priority =privilege work out = gelitirmek (yol, yntem..) help to Vo Vo Considerable Remarkable Significant dikkate deer oranda Important

Sensitive to -e kar savunmasz/hassas Vulnerable to Susceptible to

Make available to ulalabilir klmak Make accessible to Alleviate Diminish Decrease Abate Fall

azaltmak; azalmak

Recover from Get over Pull through

-den iyilemek

Look over = look through = gz gezdirmek Make do with = ile idare etmek Keep up with = ayn seviyede kalmak Catch up with = ayn seviyeyi yakalamak Decrease in Fall in -de d Increase in.. Disease Situation Condition Infection

in which

SVO

An increase in prices by 5%...

Carry out Conduct a research/a survey/an experiment Do Perform Spot Point where SVO

Process by which / whereby / through which

Wonder (bu fiilller that almaz) Ask Comprehensive = exhaustive = thorough As to As for -e gelince, sz konusu olunca As regards Regarding With regard to

Be inclined to Tend to Be prone to Be liable to Be disposed to

-e yatkn

2002 MAYIS SINAVI NEML KELMELER VE YAPILAR: 1. C Soru gramer olarak adverbial clause ve passive (edilgen) yaplarn iermektedir. Now that = -dna gre, madem ki anlamnda evrilebilir. Cmlenin anlamna baklacak olursa, Hkmet tarafndan resmi _____ verildiine gre, proje ekibi oluturulabilir. anlam elde edilir. Tm seenekler isim halinde verilmitir, bu kelimeler; A) reference : referans B) apprehension : anlay, endie Apprehensive: endieli Apprehend: anlamak: comprehend: understand C) approval : onay D) expression : ifade E) determination : kararllk anlamna gelmektedir ve anlam olarak cmleye en uygun olan kelime C kknda onay anlamna gelen approval kelimesidir. APPROVE: CONFIRM, PROVE TO BE TRUE Recruited: E ALMAK, OLUTURMAK Employ X sack, dismiss, fire, make redundant DETERMINE: BELRLEMEK, KARAR VERMEK DETERMINE WHETHER/IF RELUCTANT: UNWILLING: NOT EAGER: NOT VOLUNTEER

2. D

Bu soruda buza anlamna gelen calve kelimesinin anlamn bilmek soruyu zmeye yardmc olacaktr. Anlam olarak, kk buzalar ile yal srlar karlatrlmaktadr ve kk buzalarn daha _____ olduu belirtilmektedir. Seeneklerin hepsi sfat halinde verilmitir, bu kelimeler;

A) B) C) D)

reluctant : gnlsz, isteksiz hazardous : tehlikeli, DANGEROUS intimate : samimi, SINCERE susceptible : korunmasz, hassas; SENSITIVE, FRAGILE,VULNERABLETO X FORMIDABLE, STRONG, STANDABLE, ENDURING E) relative : greceli

anlamna gelmektedir ve en uygun yant D kknda korunmasz anlamna gelen susceptible kelimesidir.

3. A

Cmlede geen internal combustion machine ifadesi iten yanmal motor anlamna gelmektedir ve evre kirliliini artrd anlamdan karlabilir. Ayrca, Green movement isim tmceciinin evrecilere ait ya da evreyi koruma lehine olan bir grup olduu dnlrse, bu iki dnce elimektedir. Seeneklerin hepsi isim halinde verilmitir, bu kelimeler; A) B) C) D) E) disaster rejection admission denial illusion : felaket : reddetme : kabul, giri : inkr : yanlsama calamity

REGARD AS: VIEW AS : CONSIDER AS, CITE AS : OLARAK GORMEK, OLARAK DUSUNMEK COMBUSTION: YANMA INTERNAL X EXTERNAL anlamna gelmektedir ve evreye kirlilik yayan bir makineyi, evreciler felaket olarak deerlendirmektedirler. En uygun anlam veren seenek A seeneidir. 4. B Soruda tm klar adverb (zarf) olarak verilmitir. klardaki kelimeler; A) precisely : belirgin eklide, kesinlikle EXACTLY, ABSOLUTELY, CERTAINLY, SURELY GRAMMAR: MUST Vo, must have V3 Jack passed the exam, he must have studied hard. B) C) D) E) notoriously compulsively suitably flexibly : aklanmas zor, sknt verici : zorlayarak : uygun ekilde ,APPROPRIATELY : esnek ekilde

anlamna gelmektedir. Cmlenin anlamna bakldnda, bir dil ile diyalekt arasndaki farkn aklanmasnn zor ve sknt verici olduu belirtilmitir. Anlama en uygun kelime B kkndaki notoriously kelimesidir.

5. E

Cmlede genel olarak, Japonya, ulusal savunmaya ynelik olan sektrn (sanayisini) yabanclarn sahip olduu irketlerden tamamyla ayr olarak devam ettirebilen bir lke olarak _____ eklinde tamamlanmas gereken bir ifade sorulmaktadr. klardaki kelimeler fiil olarak verilmitir ve; A) B) C) D) E) deduce delay deceive withdraw cite (FROM) : sonu karmak : ertelemek : aldatmak : geri ekilmek : belirtmek, gstermek

anlamna gelmektedir . Cmlenin anlamna en uygun kelime E kkndaki cite kelimesidir. ENTIRE : BUTUN, ENTIRELY (ADV) : WHOLE 6. B Cmlenin anlamna bakldnda, genel olarak dvy etkileyebilecek bilginin tanklar tarafndan _____ im edilmektedir. eklinde tamamlanmas gereken bir ifade bulunmaktadr. klardaki kelimeler fiil olarak verilmitir ve A) B) C) D) E) express withold avoid disrupt decline : ifade etmek... EXPRESS FEELINGS : tutmak, saklamak : kanmak : aksatmak, bozmak, DISRUPT THE PEACE : azalmak, dmek

(IN)

DIMINISH, REDUCE, LESSEN, FALL DOWN, DECREASE, ALLAY, ALLEVIATE, SUBSIDE:abate COURT :MAHKEME / TRIAL / DAVA MAHKEME BEAR: LE LGS OLMAK BEAR UPON/ON: - ETKLEMEK CANT BEAR / CANT STAND/ CANT HELP: DAYANAMAMAK

anlamna gelmektedir. Anlamca en uygun olan seenek B seeneidir. 7. A Bu soruda phrasal verb sorulmutur. Seeneklere bakarsak, fiiller; A) keep up with: yakalamak, ayn seviyeye gelmek, CATCH UP WITH B) look out for : aramak LOOK OUT:/ WATCH OUT / KEEP OUT : BE CAREFUL C) make sure of : emin olmak D) bring up : bytmek, deinmek, GUNDEME GETIRMEK E) sort out : zmek, SOLVE, RESOLVE anlamna gelmektedir ve anlam olarak tarmsal faaliyetlerin artan talebi karlayamad belirtilmektedir. Buna gre, en uygun anlam A seeneindedir.

DEMAND : TALEP PROGRESS: ILERLEMEK, AAMA KAYDETMEK 8. C Bu soruda da phrasal verb sorulmutur. Anlamlarna bakarsak, fiiller; A) hold up : beklemek/bekletmek B) come along : beraber gelmek, ilerlemek ALONG WITH: LE BRLKTETOGETHER WITH C) deal with : -ile uramak, BAA IKMAK COPE WITH, HANDLE, TACKLE D) pay for : demek E) take over : stlenmek, DEVRALMAK anlamna gelmektedir. Cmlede, Yeni Zelandada her bir toplumun, sula (cinayetlerle) uramak, baa kmak iin kendilerine has yntemler gelitirdii belirtilmitir. Anlam olarak cmleyi en iyi ekilde tamamlayan ifade C seeneinde verilmitir.. 9. HAVE/HAS V3 MY WHOLE LIFE. HE SAID THAT ..HAD v3 HE CLAIMS THATGERCEK ZAMANI PAST HE CLAIMS THAT THE WAR STARTED IN 1940. HE SAID THATFACT: PRESENT He nsisted that the coffee grows in Brazil.. 10. judge: yarglamak, hukum surmek (v) trbunal: court: mahkeme trial: case: dava issue: mesele charge : suclama ACCUSE OF: BLAME FOR: CHARGED WITH:C LE SUCLANMAK RELATING TO: AS TO : ABOUT: PERTAINING TO: CONCERNING: REGARDING: AS REGARDS LE LGL, HAKKINDA WITH REGARD TO: WITH RESPECT TO: AS FOR: IN THE CASE OF. -E GELINCE contemporaries: ADALARI, AYNI DONEMDE YAAYANLAR.. THOSE OF THAT OF : NIN KILER : NIN K

My HOUSE IS BETTER THAN THAT OF JACKS MY CARS ARE BETTER THAN THOSE OF JACKS 13. STATE OF MIND: RUH HAL 14. THE + ISIM + OF + ISIM 14. THE CRADLE OF: -NIN BE

primeval s. tarihncesi aglara ait MODIFY : CHANGE : SHIFT : AMEND : ALTER : TRANSFORM ..(INTO) 15: NATURALLY: IT IS HARDLY SURPRISING : UNDERSTANDABLY DISAPPOINTED: DISILLUSIONED SURPRISED AT/ BY TO..MY SURPRISE / AMAZEMENT ARE ACCUSED OF___ 16. SCHEDULE: PLAN BELOW STANDARDS ILL WILL: HUZURSUZLUK: UNEASE WILL (N) : RADE, STEK, VASYET 17: ONLY RECENTLY: DAHA YENi UNTL RECENTLY: v2 RECENTLY: HAVE HAS V3 18. DESERVE : HAKETMEK SEND AWAY: FIRE : DISMISS : SACK: LAY OFF, MAKE REDUNDANT : KOVMAK, ATMAK 19. PUBLISH: BRING OUT: RELEASE RELEASE: SEND OUT: EMIT : GIVE OFF RELEASE FROM PRISON: SALIVERMEK RELEASE AN ARTICLE: YAYINLAMAK 20. CHERISH: SEVGIYLE ANILAN 21. SIMPLY, ONLY, JUST, MERELY, SOLELY UP TO: TILL : UNTIL : -E KADAR 22: YOU SAY FIRMLY: SERT SEKILDE.. FAIRLY : RATHER: QUITE CONDITIONALLY: ARTLI OLARAK 25. LARGE-SCALE: BUYUK LEKL ON A LARGE SCALE RETAIL: PARAKENDE at close quarters: YAKINDAN ASSESS: EVALUATE: DEERLENDRMEK CARRY OUT: YAPMAK, YONETMEK: PERFORM SURVEY: RESEARCH: POLL SEEK SOUGHT SOUGHT : SEARCH FOR: LOOK FOR: INVESTIGATE: LOOK INTO 26: EXHAUSTIVE RESEARCH DETAILED

INTERN: STAJ, EITIM 27. GO ON STRIKE: GREV YAPMAK THREATEN : F Adequate: ENOUGH: SUFFCENT NADEQUATE: INSUFFICIENT: NOT ENOUGH GRANT: BAGILAMAK, VERMEK, YETKI VERMEK, HAK VERMEK BRIBERY: CORRUPT: RVET THE BABY S DUE (TO) NEXT MONTH THE HW IS DUE (TO) TUESDAY MESI /MASI BEKLENIO THE ILLNESS IS DUE TO + NOUN / Ving 28. evacuation: tahliye, boaltma excavation: kaz core: ekirdek beyond: tesinde melt: erimek water*proof: su gecrmez proof: kant: evidence install: kurmak vacate: boatlamakvacancy: vacant position 29: obviously: clearly: simply worthless: deersiz priceless. Paha bicilemez: valuable attitude towards proud of you.. too proud to Vo: 30. concern : kayg, ilgi concerned with: ile ilgili concerned about: hakknda worried about it was the concern of the employers comprehensive : kapsaml.. vigorous: hareketli , iddetli launched (started) a vigorous campaign notion: idea: 31. crop : ekin, rn : yield, harvest: offset : karlamak, dengelemek yield clue: ipucu vermek 32: I have no money whatsoever: param maram yok Substantially: byk lde

53: predict, forecast, foresee, guess, estimate (at) freed from : serbest kalmak, manner :durum ,tavr make decisions :karar vermek particularly : especially, notably, in particular necessary : essential, required rapidly: fast Meanwhile:in the meantime: bu sre iinde 54. Autonomous: kendisi alan equipped with :ile donatlms quest: merak konusu, aratrma observations:gzlem vents:menfez reasonable: makul, mantkl, acceptable, logical, plausible obtain:get: elde etmek dull: boring : skc towed:-den balamak prospect: probability, likelihood: olaslk crisscrossing: taramak.. 55. capture : elde etmek, yakalamak skills :gift, knack, ability, talent alliances :mttefik Ambitious :hrsl, azml counted on :rely on, depend on in terms of : bakmndan, asndan overheads :genel masraf : expenditure: expenses identifying :tanmlamak competence: ability, capability; adequacy; adequate salary; qualification: opportunities, frsat, imkan 56. Proposals : suggestions: neriler Ban :prohibit, forbid, not allowed pesticide :bocek oldurucu likely : probably adverse effect :negatif etki suitable appropriate uygu spread :yaylmak harmful :dangerous, hazardous eventually :finally, at last, in the end persistent :srarc, srekli olan pollutants : kirletici insecticides :bocek ldrc draining :aktmak, temzlemek, rafine etmek breeding :iftleme, reme negotiating :grme, mzakere 57. Non-lethal Prospect Violent :olumcul olmayan : lethal: fatal: mortal :olaslk : iddetli

last resort :son areresort TO:-e bavurmak objections :itiraz mislead : yanls yonlendrme rubber-coated bullets: kaucuk kapl mermi marble :mermer accurate correct demonstrations:gosterler swiftly : hzlca, fast, rapidly dissent :kabul etmemek military :askeri 58. confronted (with) :face, karlamak, yzlemek avalanche institutions :kurum precedence :stnlk competitors :rekabet edenler overcoming :stesinden gelmek overwhelming :ezici, youn olan utterly :tamamyla, entirely ignore :nemsememek alienates :yabanmclatrmak, uzaklatrmak range from to.. :den --- e kadar extinction :yok olma gaining :kazanma 77. I suppose :Presumably: PRESUME: ASSUME: IMAGINE long to:look forward eagerly to 78. its hardly surprising :naturally and consequently:and so she is so popular:she is in great demand. 79. obviously:simply doesnt have the resources :cannot meet their needs. The normal school :the average school 80. Im not sure I could be wrong a nasty feeling Im afraid 81. massive increases:vast increases largely because :The main reason on account of: because

2002 KASIM KPDS KELIMELER VE ONEMLI YAPILAR

1. E

Bu soruda asit yamurlarnn 1980li yllarda _____ bir evresel sorun haline geldiinden bahsedilmektedir. Seeneklerdeki tm kelimeler sfat halinde verilmitir. Bu kelimeler; A) B) C) D) E) previous deceitful reckless destructive prominent : bir nceki : aldatc : dikkatsiz , CARELESS : ykc, zarar verici : gze arpan, nemli , EMINENT, FAMOUS

PROMINENT ISSUE: NEML MESELE anlamna gelmektedir ve anlam olarak en uygun kelime E kkndadr.

2. C

Bu soruda anlam olarak enerji retmek iin baraj kullanlmasnn komu lkeyle olan anlamay _____ ifade edilmektedir. Yantlarn hepsi fiil halinde verilmitir. Bu kelimeler; A) B) C) D) E) intimidate betray violate convert fetch : korkutmak FRIGHTEN : ihanet etmek BETRAY SMB : ihlal etmek, bozmak VIOLATE THE RULES (INTO) : deitirmek : alp getirmek

anlamna gelmektedir, ve bu olayn anlamay bozmayaca cmle iin en uygun ifadedir. GENERATE: PRODUCE: MANUFACTURE DIVERT: YONUNU DETRMEK COMPLY WITH THE TREATY X VIOLATE THE TREATY STICK TO OBEY ABIDE BY CONFORM TO , PRETEND: ACT LIKE IMITATE INTIMATE: SINCERE : TEN SAMIMI

3. B

Bu soruda terristlerin, onlar finanse eden blgelerden istedikleri lkeye paralarn gtrmek iin kulland _____n su rgtlerinin uyguladklaryla ayn olduu anlam vardr. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler isim halinde verilmitir ve; A) B) C) D) E) regulations methods provisions laws admissions : dzenlemeler : yntemler : hazrlklar : yasalar : kabul, giri

anlamna gelmektedir. Cmlenin anlamna en uygun kelime ise B kkndaki yntemler anlamna gelen methods kelimesidir. 4. D Bu soruda anlam olarak finansal bir skandaln varlndan ve muhasebecinin _____n mdre verdiinden bahsedilmektedir. Seenekler isim halinde verilmitir ve; A) retirement B) redundancy C) promotion : emeklilik : gereksizlik, FAZLALIK : terfi

D) resignation E) vacancy

: istifa STEP DOWN : bo pozisyon

anlamna gelmektedir. Anlam olarak skandal kelimesiyle ilikili olan kelime D seeneindeki istifa anlamna gelen resignation kelimesidir. ANNUAL LEAVE ... PERMISSION: ZN

In the wake of: -NIN ARDINDAN: FOLLOWING IN PURSUIT OF: -NIN PENDE
HAND IN: SUBMIT: TESLIM ETMEK, SUNMAK SUMMIT: ZRVE NEGOTIATION

5. D

Bu soruyu daha iyi anlamak iin nce cmlenin znesi bulunmaldr. Cmlede yardmc fiil gibi dnebileceimiz can yapsna kadar olan ksm cmlenin znesidir ve gramer olarak reduction of relative clause (ksaltlm bir sfat tmcecii) vardr. Yantlar Amerikan anayasasn tanmlamaktadr ve bunlarn genel anlamda su orann azaltmak iin _____dan bahsedilmektedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler; A) B) C) D) E) discovered complained persuaded designed displayed : kefedilmi FIND OUT : ikayet edilmi : ikna edilmi CONVINCE : tasarlanm, hazrlanm : gsterilmi

anlamna gelmektedir ve en uygun yant D seeneindeki designed kelimesidir.

Constitution: ANAYASA INSTUTITION: KURUM Constraints: SHORTCOMING, DRAWBACK,DEFECT,DISADVANTAGE, PITFALL, LIMITATIONS SHIELD: PROTECTDEFEND

6. A

Bu soruda phrasal verbs sorulmutur. Soruda ii bann herkese istedii her eyi yaptrd ancak yeni mdrle nasl _____ndan bahsedilmektedir. Yantlara bakarsak; A) B) C) D) E) get around make up for turn over keep up with rule out : baa kmak,KAFAYA ALMAK : telafi etmek COMPENSATE FOR : teslim etmek SUBMIT, HAND IN : ayn seviyeye gelmek : saf d brakmak

anlamna gelmektedir ve en uygun yant A seeneidir. 7. B Bu soruda da phrasal verbs sorulmutur. Anlam olarak ilk bilgisayar virsn bulan kiinin 20 yl hapis cezasna arptrld ve genel olarak az cezayla _____ dnlmektedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler; A) show up : ortaya kmak, APPEAR, STAND OUT

B) C) D) E)

let smb off lightly take down give up bring in

: hak ettiinden daha az ceza vermek : paralamak : brakmak, vazgemek : kazan salamak

anlamna gelmektedir ve anlamca en uygunu B seeneidir. NOT: Let somebody off lightly ifadesi to give someone a less serious punishment than they deserve anlamnda kullanlan bir phrasal verb yapsdr.

sentenced to: CEZALANDIRILMAK, PUNISH 8. APPOINT : ATAMAK on a regular basis: DZENL OLARAK AT REGULAR INTERVALS: DZENL ARALIKLARLA 9.TURN OUT TO BE: OLARAK ORTAYA CIKMAK, -E DONUSMEK 10. besides in addition to AS WELL AS 11. implement : UYGULAMAK 17. AIL: PROBLEM YARATMAK AILMENT : ILLNESS: DISORDER : 18. OBJECTIVE : AIM: GOAL: TARGETAMBITION 19. I AGREE WITH YOU TO AN EXTENT SOON, IN THE NEXT YEAR : CLOZE TESTLERDE DIKKKAT THE WAR STARTED IN 1950. SOON (THE NEXT YEAR)v2.. 23: ACQUSTON:ACQUIRE: ELDE ETMEK in the hunt for: N SEARCH OF: IN PURSUIT OF: NIN PESINDE SEARCH FOR 25. was sustained sustained: srdrmek, ayakta tutmak 26. indicted by: sulu bulundu

NIN YANI SIRA

IF Only: I wish Only ifinversion 37. IS OUT OF THE QUESTION: IMPOSSIBLE IMKANSIZDIR, TARTISILMAZ

KPDS 2003 MAYIS ZMLER

1. C Sorudaki ifadeden, yeni aratrmacnn birka baka aratrmacyla yakn bir ______ iinde alaca ve bu yzden uyumlu bir kiilik yapsna sahip olan birisinin seilmesi gerektii anlam karlmaktadr. Verilen boluu dolduracak ifadelere bakldnda, karmza kan tm yaplarn noun (isim) olduu ve anlamlarnn da; A) B) C) D) E) uniformity : birbirine benzerlik, aynlk UNITED suspicion : phe, kuku collaboration : i birlii discretion : sr saklama productivity : verimlilik

FERTLE: VERIMLI (TARIM) PROLIFIC WRITER: RETKEN.. olduu grlmektedir. Verilen seeneklerden, cmlenin anlamn en iyi ekilde tamamlayann C seeneindeki kelime olduu aktr.

2. D

Soruda, sponsorluun, eitim mfredatyla ______ olmas kouluyla okullarda artarak uyguland anlatlmaktadr. Seeneklerdeki kelimelerin hepsi adjective (sfat) olup; A) B) C) D) E) considerate : dnceli, saygl predictable : tahmin edilebilir..FORESEE FORECAST GUESS ESTIMATE decisive : kesin, kati CONCLUSIVE compatible : uyumlu provocative : kkrtc, tahrik edici

CONSIDERABLE: OLDUKA, OK, NEML DERECEDE anlamna gelmektedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimelerden yola klarak, boluu en uygun ekilde tamamlayan ifadenin D seenei olduunu anlamaktayz. Ayrca, bu seenekteki kelimenin boluktan sonra verilen with edat ile kullanlmas da doru yant bulmada yol gsterici olabilir.

CURRICULUM DATUM JEWISH EN..SOFTEN -TY

: CURRICULA : DATA

..THEY. A) DATA 3. A Bu sorudan, yiyeceklerde ... gibi ________ kanser yapc maddelerin bulunmasnn gazete manetlerine yansmasyla tm dnyada ok etkisi yaratt anlam karlmaktadr. Seeneklerdeki kelimelerin hepsini zarflar oluturmaktadr. Bu zarflar; A) potentially : potansiyel olarak, muhtemelen B) remarkably : dikkate deer bir ekilde C) controversially : tartmal ekilde DILEMMA D) memorably : anmaya deecek ekilde E) concisely : kesin olarak, AIK EKLDE anlamlarna gelmektedir. Seeneklere dikkatli bakldnda, bo braklan ksm en iyi tamamlayan kelimenin A seeneindeki potentially olduu kolayca anlalabilir. Soruda, her yl otomobiller ve fabrikalarn atmosfere ok miktarda karbondioksit _______, sylenmektedir. Soruda passive (edilgen) bir ifade kullanlm ve seeneklerde verilen fiiller yap olarak buna uygun seilmilerdir. Ancak, anlamlarna bakldnda; A) absorbed N : emmek, iine ekmek, TAKE IN, SUCK B) emitted : yaymak, datmak GVE OFF, RELEASE, SEND OUT C) exchanged : deitirmek D) repulsed : reddetmek REJECT, REFUSE,TURN DOWN, declne E) compelled : zorlamak, etkilemek FORCE.. en uygun seenein B olduu anlalmaktadr. A seeneindeki absorb fiilinin in veya into edatlaryla kullanlmas eldirici olabilir, ancak anlamlara bakldnda bu karklk ortadan kalkar.

4. B

5. A

Bu soru tipik bir phrasal verb sorusu olup, tek yaplacak ey seeneklerdeki ifadelerin anlamlarn bulmaktr. Soru kknden, ilk iki paragrafn dijital ortamn belli gereksinimlerini _______, anlam karlmaktadr. Seeneklerdeki yaplar; A) lay emphasis on : vurgulamak, zerinde durmak FOCUS ON CENTER ON B) run out of : tkenmek, bitmek FINISH, USE UP, CONSUME, DEPLETE, EXPEND C) break through : yarp gemek (cephe vb.) BREAKTHROUGH: IIR AMA, NEML GELME D) stop short of : birdenbire durmak STOP SUDDENLY/ABRUPTLY E) look down on : hor grmek, aalamak HUMILIATE anlamna gelmektedir; ve boluu, cmlenin anlamna gre en uygun ekilde tamamlayan ifadenin A seeneinde verildii grlmektedir.

7. DISPUTE: QUARREL. ARGUMENT..DEBATE..DISCUSSION

at stake at risk, in danger of being lost 9. DOGG: DRETMEK PRIOR TO + np : NCE real estate: EMLAK allegations: SULAMALAR, DDALAR 10. unprecedented : UNFORESEEN : TAHMIN EDILEMEYEN ON A SCALE: BELL BOYUTTA, BELL LEKDE 11. turned out to be: OLARAK ORTAYA IKMAK, -E DONUSMEK remains: KALINTI tombs: MEZAR 12. infected with 14. IN THAT + Sentence In terms of + NP 15. the process the method the situation the condition society the stage the point THE SPOT BY THROUGH VIA BY MEANS OF WITH THE HELP OF by which bakmndan, asndan

in which WHERE

BY 1960BY THE TEACHERBY THE RIVER araclyla, yardmyla + NP

..WHEREBY + sentence : ARACILIIYLA, VASITASIYLA james I and Charles I were golf enthusisats, whereby the game came to be known as the ancient game .

16.

A) B) C) D) E)

coincide with : ile akmak, ayn ana rasgelmek agree with smb/ on/ over sth: TALK ON/over TALK TO/WITH SMB augment : artrmak, (increase, enhance) compete with: ile rekabet etmek comply with : uymak

Volate the treaty X comply with treaty Struggle: mcadele, aba. strive for, thrive for staggering: dengesizlik 18. SEEK : SEARCH FOR: LOOK FOR IT SEEMS THAT: SEEMINGLY: APPAER CLEARLY: OBVIOUSLY 21. a) In place of : B) In return C) In practice D) In case E) In excess of nn yerne: INSTEAD OF : karslgnda : uygulamada n theory : nolur nolmaz die :-I geince

Practically: almost, virtually, roughly, nearly, about In theory / n practice PUT THE THEORY INTO PRACTICE PUT INTO EFFECT IMPLEMENT 22. A) B) C) D) E) A) B) C) D) E) distinctions competitions departures delays resources reversal exchange comparison expression appreciation : fark, ayrm FROM dstnct from : rekabet :ayrlma, yola ckma : geckmeker : kaynaklar : tersni yapma, aksn yapma : : : ifade : takdir, begenme

Generous towards.: e dogru.. kars Sympathetic towards Attitude towards. Her attitude towards me 29. urban rural counterparts. : city :country: krsal :rakibi, edeeri

tend to : apt to, inclined to: eiliminde olmak nutrition: beslenme

malnutrition: kotu beslenme 30.. IT + PASSIVE + THAT %90 32. possess: own : belong to 33. underway : balanm, yaplmakta 34. the number of people IS a number of people ARE negligible: HMAL EDLEBLR NEGLECT HMAL ETMEK 46. at a low ebb: kotu, basarsz, alcak seyrett 47. a spate of: a lot of untapped: kullanlmam 48. -. Instead, + +. Instead 50. ensure: salamak, temin etmek irrigation: sulama coral reefs: mercan kayalar arable land: ekilebilir araz CULTVABLE LAND: EKLEBLR CRUCAL: IMPORTANT: VITAL: SIGNIFICANT 64. might well : Its quite likely we need more than three weeks three weeks wont be sufficient for us to complete:to finalize a report of this kind:such a report. 65. Frankly: To be honest in my opinion.(no) :I dont think the girls musical talents the girls musical aabeylities 66. For many years now for a long time now directly directly 67.

A) Even those in the know even the experts took SMB by surprise: BRN AIRTMAK

KPDS 2003 KASIM ZMLER

1. D Bu soruda anlam olarak, John Kennedynin bakanlnn son aylarna bakldnda, ikinci Kennedy dneminde Kba ile bir uzlamann olabileceinin grld belirtilmektedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler fiil halinde verilmitir ve; A) B) C) D) E) MAKE promise describe inflict indicate involve : sz vermek : tarif etmek : ceza vermek, sulamak : gstermek : iermek

rapprochement with: uzlama, agreement compromise: uzlama anlamna gelmektedir. Cmleler that yaps ile gsteriyor ki... eklinde balanmtr. Anlam olarak en uygun seenek D seeneidir.

2. C

Bu soruda anlam olarak, lml bir i pazarlnn ya da anlamasnn tm sektrdeki _____i deitirebileceinden bahsedilmektedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler isim halinde verilmitir ve; A) B) C) D) E) expansion expression course relapse vitality : genileme : ifade : istikamet, yn, gidiat : kt duruma dme : canllk

anlamna gelmektedir. Bu soruda expansion ve course kelimeleri eliki yaratabilir; ancak change course ifadesi anlam olarak change expansion ifadesinden daha uygundur. Bu nedenle, doru cevap C seeneidir.

3. B

Soruda anlam olarak, kiinin grevinden istifa edeceinden ve bunun nedeninden bahsedilmektedir. Ayrca, alt iin yapsna uymadn kendi yapsn da tarif ederek aklamaktadr. Soru kknde geen combative kelimesi sava, ylmayan anlamna gelmektedir; boluktaki kelimeyle uyumlu olmaldr ve elements of his nature ifadesini de nitelemelidir. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler sfat halinde verilmitir ve; A) B) C) D) E) introverted : ie kapank self-assertive: kendini ifade edebilen,iddiac reserved : ekingen self-contained : kendi kendine yeten, bakasna bal olmayan submissive : itaatkar

4. E

anlamna gelmektedir. Doru yant B seeneidir. Bu soruda anlam olarak, eer szleme yapmak istiyorsa, Perembeye kadar bize haber vermesi gerekiyor; teklifi _____ geerli klamayz ifadesini karabiliriz. Bu cmlede by Thursday ifadesi zaman asndan bir snrlama getirmektedir. Seeneklerin hepsi zarf olarak verilmitir ve;

A) B) C) D) E)

infinitely decisively conclusively reluctantly indefinitely

: son derece, ok : kararl ekilde, kesin olarak CONCLUSIVELY : kesinlikle : isteksiz bir ekilde : sresiz olarak

anlamna gelmektedir. Bu soruda A ve E seenekleri elikili olabilir. Infinite kelimesi sfat halinde sonsuz anlamna gelir; ancak zarf (adverb) olarak kullanldnda anlam deimektedir. Anlam olarak boluu en uygun ekilde dolduran seenek E seeneidir. 5. D Soru kknde, ou Afrika lkesindeki hkmetlerin ekonomik olarak kn _____ olduu ve uluslararas organizasyonlarn ba ve yardmlaryla idare ettikleri anlam vardr. Seeneklerin hepsi complex prepositionlardan olumaktadr ve; A) in line with : paralel olarak B) in the case of : -e gelince In case of: durumunda C) in excess of : zerinde, ar D) on the verge of : eiinde, kysnda On the edge of On the brink of On the point of Be about to Vo: -mek uzere E) in place of : -NIN yerine

anlamna gelmektedir. Anlamlar incelendiinde en uygun olann A seeneindeki on the verge of ifadesi olduu grlmektedir. 6. exploiting: smrmek, suistimal etmek, kullanmak WORRY ABOUT : ANXIOUS ABOUT: CONCERNED ABOUT: ENDEL CONCERNED WITH: LE LGL 8. and thus and therefore and hence and thereby otherwise dan sonra have has v3, v2, had v3 gelmesin.. .., and thusV2, sEntence,Ving.. .. , thus + Vng . , and . .. , Ving he went out of the class, and he slammed the door he went out of the class, slamming the door 9. without either.. or: neither nor 10. A) B) C) D) on account in addition on condition in competition : krediyle : ek olarak : artl :rekabet iinde

E) in comparison 11. D

:kyaslandnda

Soruda anlam olarak, ou kiinin beklemedii ekilde, iiler birliinin devir olayn destekledii ve _____ yelerinin maa haklarn koruyabilmeyi baard anlam vardr. Soru da bu haklarn nasl korunduuyla ilgilidir ve verilen seeneklerdeki ifadeler; A) B) C) D) E) in the process as it happened in its place in accord on a level : sre iinde : olduu gibi : yerinde : bylece, buna bal olarak, anlamal olarak : bir seviyede

anlamna gelmektedir. Buna gre, en uygun seenek D seeneidir. 15. make use of take advantage of utilize faydalanmak

16. C

Bu soruda anlam olarak, baklk (a) kampanyalarnn ocuk felci gibi felaketleri yok ettiinden bahsedilmektedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler incelendiinde anlamca en uygun yant C seeneidir. A) B) C) D) E) committing pull down wipe out interefere with expose : karmak, ilemek : aa ekmek : silip sprmek, yok etmek : karmak, -e mdahale etmek : maruz brakmak

die out: extinct: yok olmak

Scourge: disaster. Calamity : felaket

Exposed to: subject to: -e maruz kalmak Expose: kaz yaparak yer ustune ckarmak Measure, step, precaution nlem Drastic, strict, stringent measures...kat onlemler v: measure..: LMEK WHETHER (OR / OR NOT) : N.C NESNE EKSIK OLMALI.. WHETHER OR/OR NOT ISTERISTER. WHETHER YOU DRIVE OR GO BY BUS, IT WILL BE A LONG JOURNEY

2004 MAYIS

1. D

Bu soruda kelime bilgisi llmektedir. Soru kknde anlam olarak Babakann, hkmet iinde ilikilerini _____ iin son yllarda daha saldrgan davranabildiinden bahsedilmektedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimelerin hepsi fiil halinde verilmitir ve bu kelimeler; A) recommend : tavsiye etmek, nermek SUGGEST, PROPOSE, ADVICE Put forward B) reduce : azaltmak ABATE, REDUCE, DIMINISH, LESSEN, ALLEVIATE, DECREASE, SUBSIDE, ALLAY, DECLINE (IN) DECLINE THE OFFER: REFUSE, REJECT, TURN DOWN C) compel D) consolidate E) impair : zorlamak, mecbur etmek FORCE, IMPEL : salamlatrmak REINFORCE, STRENGHTEN : bozmak, zayflatmak

anlamna gelmektedir. Seenekler arasnda anlam olarak cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan kelime D seeneindeki salamlatrmak anlamna gelen consolidate kelimesidir. Bu nedenle doru seenek D seeneidir.

2. E

Soruda anlam olarak Pakistan, sulama ihtiyacnn neredeyse yars iin Indus Nehri ve Onun kollarna _____ ifadesi verilmektedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimelerin hepsi fiil halinde verilmitir ve bu kelimeler; A) turn back : geri dnmek, geri evirmek B) wait for : beklemek C) take to/ TAKE UP : bir yere gitmek, bir eye balamak D) pull up : skmek, ekmek E) rely on : -e bal olmak, -e bel balamak depend on/upon anlamna gelmektedir. Seenekler arasnda anlam olarak cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan kelime E seeneindeki rely on kelimesidir. Bu nedenle doru seenek E seeneidir.

3. C

Bu soruda da kelime bilgisi llmektedir. Soruda boluktan sonra gelen with edat da, edatlarla beraber kullanlan fiilleri dndmzde doru yant bulmaya yardmc olabilir. Soruda anlam olarak geceleri gkyznde grlen ay biiminde renkli klarn (hale) atmosferdeki gazlarla rzgarlarn _____den meydana geldiinden bahsedilmektedir. Seeneklerdeki tm kelimeler isim halindedir ve bu kelimeler; A) B) C) D) E) intersection completion interaction perception distraction : kesime : tamamlanma complete (v) COMPETITION: YARIMA : etkileim : alglama PERCEIVE : dikkatini datma

4. D

anlamna gelmektedir. Seenekler arasnda anlam olarak cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan kelime C seeneindeki interaction kelimesidir. Ayrca bu fiilin interact with sth olarak bilinmesi ipucu olabilir. Doru yant C seeneidir. Soruda anlam olarak maden iilerinin ve tehlikeli ilerde alan iilerin _____ balk koulunu talep etmemelerinin tuhaf olduundan bahsedilmektedir. Soruda boluktan sonra bir isim gelmektedir ve seeneklerde ise bu ismi niteleyecek olan sfatlar verilmitir. Bu kelimeler; A) forceful : gl POWERFUL B) obstructive : engelleyici obstacle, OBSTRUCT, PREVENT FROM, HAMPER, HINDER C) relentless : acmasz HARSH permanent D) protective : koruyucu E) intensive : youn anlamna gelmektedir. Cmlenin anlamna en uygun kelime D seeneinde koruyucu anlamna gelen protective kelimesidir ve koruyucu balk ibaresi anlam btnln salamaktadr. Bu nedenle doru yant D seeneidir.

5. A

Son kelime sorusu olan bu soruda anlam olarak son 30 yl iinde yeni bulunan yazl belgelerin sayesinde Maya medeniyeti ile ilgili bilgilerin ______ arttndan bahsedilmektedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimelerin hepsi zarf halinde verilmitir ve bu kelimeler; A) significantly : nemli derecede CONSIDERABLY CONSIDERATE : DNCEL B) alternatively : baka ekilde C) suspiciously : pheli durumda SCEPTIC D) persuasively : ikna edici ekilde CONVINCE E) conditionally : artl olarak anlamna gelmektedir. Cmlenin anlamna en uygun kelime A seeneindeki nemli ekilde anlamna gelen significantly kelimesidir. Bu nedenle doru yant A seeneidir.

6. E

Bu soruda complex prepositions olarak adlandrabileceimiz yaplar sorulmutur. Soruda, boluktan sonra Ving alan bir fiil bulunmaktadr; bu nedenle seeneklerde kendisinden sonra Ving alan yaplar aramak durumundayz. Bu bir ipucu olabilir. Soruda be yldzl bir otelin her seviyede lks bir ortam salamasnn yan sra tamamyla mterileri artt anlam vardr. Soru kk ierisindeki also ifadesi otelle ilgili belirtilen iki ifadenin paralel olarak anlam btnl iinde olduuna dair bir ipucu olabilir. Seenekler; A) with a view to : -nn amacyla, -ile ilgili olarak N ORDER TO SO AS TO TO WITH A VIEW TO + VNG/NP vO

SO THAT IN ORDER THAT SVO B) in excess of : ar, -den fazla Exceed/ excessive C) consequent on : sonucunda D) in need of : -nn ihtiyacnda, gereinde E) in addition to : ek olarak IN ADDITION BESIDES AS WELL AS APART FROM .., ALSO

PROVIDE SMB WITH STH PROVIDE STH FOR SMB ON A LEVEL anlamna gelmektedir. Cmleyi anlam ve yap olarak en iyi tamamlayan seenek E seeneidir. Bu soruda bir nceki soruya benzer bir sorudur ve adverbial clause, yani zarf tmcecii ve complex prepositions ieren bir sorudur. Soruda anlam olarak Perudaki dokumalarn, lkenin kuru hava koullar _____ mkemmel bir durumda olduundan bahsedilmektedir. Seenekler; A) with regard to : -ile ilgili olarak WITH RESPECT TO, AS FORE GELINCE AS REGARDS, REGARDING, CONCERNING, AS TO, PERTAINING TO, ABOUT: LE LGL IN TERMS OF : BAKIMINDAN ACISINDAN + np IN THAT + SVO B) in comparison with : -ile karlatrldnda

7. D

COMPARED TO/WITH C) in case of : durumunda IN THE CASE OF: -E GELINCE D) owing to : yznden, sayesinde E) in opposition to : -nn aksine anlamna gelmektedir. Owing to, due to... gibi yaplar genellikle yznden, -den dolay olarak bilinmektedir; ancak bu soruda sayesinde anlamnda llmtr. Cmlenin anlamna en uygun seenek D seeneidir. 10..NOUN CLAUSE ICERISINDE THAT SONRASINDA IF CLAUSE VARSA TENSE UYUMUNU UNUTUN, IF CLAUSE A BAKINIZ

15. beforev2 , had v3 until V2, had v3 to date: have has v3 26. he is a versatile man: ok yonlu 27.

stick to abide by obey comply with conform to confirm : approve: prove to be true : affirm

29. Although he is hardworking, his brother is more hardworking. + ++ who is absent what do you like the teacher asks who is absent he is responsible __TO__ his boss .FOR Ving responsible to smb for doing sth

HE CLAIMS THAT THE WAR STARTED IN 1940. HE EXPLAINED THAT COFFEE GROWS IN BRAZIL IT IS BELIEVED THAT HE STOLE THE MONEY. 32. PREP + OBJNOUN CLAUSE 2004 KASIM KELIMELERI VE ONEMLI YAPILAR
1-E Bu soruda anlam olarak, bu romanlar, yazarn gen insanlarn mcadelesine ve onlara yaplmas gereken yardma olan .....-sini yanstmaktadr ifadesi yer almaktadr. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler isim halinde verilmitir ve; A) B) C) D) E) deceit : aldatma, hile DECEIVE obligation TO : zorunluluk, ykmllk BE OBLIGED TO alteration : deitirme, deiiklik CHANGE disturbance : rahatszlk, kargaa concern : ilgi, kayg, MERAK

CONCERNED WITH: ILE ILGILI CONCERNED ABOUT: ENDISELI WORRY ABOUT anlamna gelmektedir. Anlam uygunluunun yan sra bo braklan ksmdan sonra gelen for edatndan da yardm alarak seeneklerdeki kelimeleri incelediimiz zaman doru yantn E seenei olduunu grmekteyiz. 2-A Bu soruda anlam olarak, Mozartn drtlk yorumu ....iyi, ama ben Schubertin eserleri hakknda kararszm ifadesi yer almaktadr. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler zarf halinde verilmitir ve; A) exceptionally : ar derecede, olaanst B) sensitively : duygulu/hassas bir ekilde C) preferably : tercihen D) impulsively : dnmeden, birdenbire E) impartially : tarafszca, nyarg olmadan UNBIASED, OBJECTIVE, UNPREJUDICED anlamna gelmektedir. Anlam olarak uygun olan kelime iyi sfatnn derecesini artran exceptionally ifadesidir. Doru yant A seeneidir. Bu soruda anlam olarak, kitap olduka anlalr ve tartmal bir konu olan evrim psikolojisini okura ..... klmay baaryor ifadesi yer almaktadr. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler sfat olarak verilmitir ve; A) susceptible : kolay etkilenen, hassas, krlgan, VULNERABLE, SENSITIVE B) conducive : uygun, msait C) available : mevcut, elde edilebilir D) indulgent : dkn, yz veren, msamahakar E) exclusive : zel, sekin anlamna gelmektedir. Anlam olarak en uygun seenek C seeneidir. Bu soruda anlam olarak, Amerikann pamuk iftilerine yapt para yardm zengin lkelerin para yardmlarnn fakir kesimi ... zararn dikkate deer bir rneidir ifadesi yer almaktadr. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler fiil eklinde verilmitir ve; A) enforce : uygulamak, tatbik etmek B) provide : salamak, temin etmek C) exceed : amak, gemek N EXCESS OF D) inflict (on) : (birini) kt bir eye uratmak (inflict harm/pain on smt.) E) employ : kullanmak, istihdam etmek anlamna gelmektedir. Soru kkndeki boluktan sonra kullanlan on edatn da dikkate alarak seenekleri incelediimizde D seeneindeki inflict fiilinin on edat ile beraber kullanlan bir fiil olduunu ve bo braklan ksma uygun bir anlam tadn grmekteyiz. Doru yant D seeneidir. PROVIDE STH FOR SMB PROVIDE SMB WITH STH

3-C

4-D

5-B

Bu soruda anlam olarak, Msr en byk sulama projesine .... iin, Firavunlarn krallklarn ln i ksmlarna yayma hayalleri gerekleiyor ifadesi yer almaktadr. Seeneklerin hepsi phrasal verblerden olumaktadr ve; A) puts off : vazgeirmek, bandan savmak, ertelemek POSTPONE B) embarks on : -e girimek, -e balamak START DEMIR ATMAK C) breaks up : bozumak, ayrlmak, datmak D) tries on : prova etmek, giyip denemek E) shows up : kagelmek, gstermek STAND OUT anlamna gelmektedir. Anlamca en uygun olan phrasal verb embarks on olup doru yant B seeneidir.

7. ADJ + FOR SMB/STH + to vo I HOPE I EXPECT I THINK I AM SURE 9. SHOULD/MIGHTNOUN CLAUSE ICINDE PAST KABUL EDELIM HE SHOULD GO HE SAID THAT HE SHOULD GO. 1O. THE MAN WHO HAS GLASSES THE MAN WITH GLASSES 11. ON A LEVEL. TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION UNDER CONSIDERATION UNDER CONSTRUCTION UNDER DISCUSSION 14. impact on AFFECT ON INFLUENCE ON

WILL

16. GREENHOUSE EFFECT: SERA ETKS MANY MUCH MORE THEN THE MOST

17. A) B) C) D) E)

At times At present Eventually Hardly At first

: SOMETIMES : NOW, AT THE MOMENT, CURRENTLY, FOR THE TIME BEING PRESENTLY : AT LAST, FINALLY, IN THE END :SCARCELY ,BARELY :INITIALLY

HARDLYINV.WHEN. ..BEFORE LONG: KISA SURE ICINDEWILL.. IN A SHORT TIME EVERYTHING WILL BE BETTER BEFORE LONG NEXT YEAR.WILL IN 1960 THE WAR STARTED. NEXT YEAR/ BEFORE LONG, v2 ANYMORE ARTIK NEGTIF CUMLEDE KULLANILIR SHE DOESNT SMOKE ANYMORE SHE SMOKES NO MORE

35. LETHAL, MORTAL, FATAL: OLUMCUL LETHAL DISEASE FATAL DISEASE MORTAL COMBAT NON LETHAL

2005 mays
1. D Bu soruda cmlenin ilk ksmnda kullanmak anlamna gelen use fiilini nitelemesi gereken bir adverb yani zarf sorulmutur. Anlam olarak bilgisayarnz _____ kullanmadka, onun dzgn bir ekilde almasn bekleyemezsiniz ifadesi yer almaktadr. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler zarf halinde verilmitir ve bu kelimeler; A) surely : kesinlikle, emin bir ekilde MUST HAVE V3 ABSOLUTELY, PRECISELY, EXACTLY B) particularly : zellikle : ESPECIALLY, NOTABLY, IN PARTICULAR C) recently : son zamanlarda LATELY D) properly : dzgn bir ekilde APPROPRIATELY uygun ekilde E) soundly : salam bir ekilde, MANTIKLI, GUVENILIR anlamna gelmektedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimeleri cmledeki bolua getirerek incelediimizde en uygun seenein D olduunu grmekteyiz. This i not a sound company

2. E

Bu soruda cmlenin anlamyla btnlk salayan en uygun phrasal verb sorulmaktadr. Anlam olarak inin en byk psikiyatri tesisinde ciddi anlamda kaynak eksiklii olduu; ancak orada alanlarn hastalarn tedavisi konusunda bu eksiklii _____ iin ok aba sarfettikleri ifadesi yer almaktadr. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler: A) come up with : ne srmek, SUNMAK, ORTAYA ATMAK He came up with some solutions CATCH UP WITH, KEEP UP WITH: YETISMEK, YAKALAMAK B) go in for : katlmak, yer almak PARTICIPATE IN C) put up with : katlanmak, tahamml etmek TOLERATE, ENDURE D) set out for : yola kmak SET OFF, SET OUT, LEAVE, DEPART E) make up for : telafi etmek COMPENSATE FOR anlamna gelmektedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimeleri cmledeki bolua getirerek incelediimizde en uygun seenein E olduunu grmekteyiz.

3. A

Soruda kiinin son senelerde, rnlerin inie geme eilimleriyle ilgili yapt _____ tek olmadnn hatrlamaya deer olduundan bahsedilmektedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimelerin hepsi isim olarak verilmitir ve; A) interpretation : yorum, deerlendirme COMMENT B) departure : ayrlma, hareket etme set out C) compliance : uyum iinde olma COMPLY WITH D) discretion : gizlilik IN SECRECY E) intention : niyet anlamna gelmektedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimeleri cmledeki bolua getirerek incelediimizde en uygun seenein A olduunu grmekteyiz. Bu soruda cmlenin anlamn tamamlayacak ve zaman ifadesiyle uyumlu olmas gereken edatlar yani prepositions sorulmaktadr. Anlam olarak krfez lkelerinin son 20 yl akn bir sredir blgesel btnle doru nemli derecede ilerleme kaydettikleri anlam vardr. Seeneklerde bu anlam dorulayan ve uyum iinde olan edatlar E seeneindeki -e doru anlamna gelen towards ve akn, zerinde anlamna gelen over edatlardr. The Gulf countries have achieved substantial progress towards regional integration over the past 20 years.

4. E

OVER / IN / WITHIN/ DURING/for THE LAST FEW YEARS THE PAST Achieved progress: LERLEME KAYDETMEK Progress towards

5. E

Bu soruda anlam olarak opera izlerken koltuunuzun rahatlnn keyfini karabilmenin ok _____ olduundan bahsedilmektedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimelerin hepsi sfat olarak verilmitir ve; A) subtle : gizli, sezdirmeden, SNS B) demonstrative : gsteren, belli eden C) deliberate : kastl, ON PURPOSE, INTENTIONALLY D) excessive : ar E) attractive : ekici, etkileyici anlamna gelmektedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimeleri cmledeki bolua getirerek incelediimizde en uygun seenein E olduunu grmekteyiz. In the case of opera, the benefits of being able to experience the whole production from the comfort of your armchair are very attractive.

7. B

Bu soruda anlam olarak ineklerdeki lmcl beyin hastalnn kontrol edilmesi iin Kanadada takibin artrlacandan ancak Amerikann riski _____ amacyla oktan yeteri kadar inei test ettiini iddia ettiinden bahsedilmektedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimelerin hepsi fiil olarak verilmitir ve;

A) assert : iddia etmek CLAIM B) assess : deerlendirmek (evaluate) C) consult : danmak D) exceed : amak E) discourage : caydrmak, cesaretini krmak PUT OFF anlamna gelmektedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimeleri cmledeki bolua getirerek incelediimizde en uygun seenein B olduunu grmekteyiz. ASSESS THE RISK Surveillance: FOLLOW gozetm altnda tutmak STEP UP: ARTIRMAK STEP DOWN: RESIGN, LEAVE THE POST 6. AT SSUE: GUNDEMDE, KONU OLAN THROUGH/ BY/ VIA/ BY MEANS OF / WITH THE HELP OF: ARACILIIYLA 8. LITTLE OR NO: YOK DENECEK KADAR AZ MORE OR LESS: AAI YUKARI 10. ENGAGE IN: INVOLVE IN: BIRSEY ILE ILGILENMEK GET ENGAGED: NANLANMAK SO LONG AS: DIGI SURECE, EER SOADJ/ ADV ASNEGATIFLIK ARAYALIM COME TU FRUITION: E YARARSAPLANLAR TUTARSA 17. D Paragrafn bu ksmnda programda seyircilerin yanl zamanda alkladklarndan bahsedilmektedir. Boluun bulunduu cmlede kullanlan a good ... of yapsn en uygun ekilde tamamlayacak ve seyirciler ile ilgili bilgi verecek yapy bulmak iin seenekleri incelediimizde seenekteki ifadelerin; A) impression : izlenim B) supply : tedarik, destek SUPPLY THE NEED C) example : rnek, numune...AN EXAMPLE OF.. D) proportion : oran, miktar A LARGE PROPORTION OF A GOOD DEAL OF A GREAT DEAL OF

A good deal of, A great deal of, A vast amount of, A large amount of, of:

A great quantity

18. C

E) quality : kalite anlamna geldiini grmekteyiz. Buna gre -nn byk blm anlamn veren a good proportion of yaps doru olacaktr. Doru yant D seeneidir. Boluun olduu cmledeki anlam bunu (seyircilerin alklama olayn) kt haber_____ iyi bir haber olarak deerlendiriyorum eklindedir. Seeneklerdeki yaplar deerlendirildiinde; A) apart from : -den ayr olarak, -den baka B) so long as : -d srece C) rather than : -den ziyade D) in addition to : ek olarak, -nn yan sra E) except : hari anlamlar karlmaktadr. Bu yaplar anlam olarak bolukta deerlendirdiimizde en uygun olannn C seeneindeki rather than yaps olduu aktr. Bu nedenle doru yant C seeneidir. 20. VALUE THE EXPERIENCE.. DENEYIMIN BIR PARCASI OLMAK TECRUBEDEN FAYDALANMAK DEGER VERMEK

A) B) C) D) E)

discerned : PERCEIVE : MAKE OUT, FIGURE OUT, SORT OUT: ANLAMAK abandoned : GIVE UP, LEAVE, DESERT, FORSAKE preferred : sensed : valued : VALUE THE EXPERIENCE

22. INTERFERE WITH / IN: BIR SEYE MUDAHALE ETMEK, BURNUNU SOKMAK THE INTERFERENCE OF SMB IN /WITH STH 24. B Bu soruda cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan kelime sorulmaktadr. Anlam olarak Joyceun devam ettii okullarda ne _____ bahsedilmektedir. Verilen cmleden karlan sonu Joyceun niversitede modern Avrupa dilleri okuduu ynndedir. Cmle ...College Dublin, where he (24) _____ modern European languages eklindedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler fiil eklinde verilmitir ve; A) assumed : varsaymak PRESUME, ASSUME A ROLE, STLENMEK B) studied : okumak, almak C) involved : katlmak, yer almak IN D) established : kurmak, oluturmak SET UP, FOUND E) affirmed : onaylamak, CONFIRM, PROVE TO BE TRUE, APPROVE anlamna gelmektedir. En uygun kelime B seeneindeki studied kelimesidir. Cmle past tensede devam ettii iin fiilin ikinci hali kullanlmtr.

HE STAYED IN PARIS FOR A SHORT WHILE WHILE HE WAS ON VACATION

CLEFT SENTENCE IT WAS THE ROMANS WHO/THAT BUILT THIS BRIDGE CLEFT SENTENCES: Bir cmlenin fiil hari herhangi bir gesini vurgulamak iin o geyi iinde bulunduu cmleden karp It znesi ile balayan bir yapnn ardndan getirme ilemi Cleft Sentence yapma diye adlandrlr. e.g.
Stuart answered the question easily because he had studied hard enough.
(Stuart yeterince ok altndan dolay soruyu kolaylkla yantlad.)

a) It was Stuart who answered the question easily because he had studied hard enough.
(Yeterince alt iin soruyu kolaylkla yantlayan Stuartt.)

b) It was the question that Stuart answered easily because he had studied hard enough.
(Stuartn yeterince alt iin kolaylkla yantlad ey soruydu.)

c) It was because he had studied hard enough that Stuart answered the question easily.
(Stuartn soruyu kolaylkla yantlamas ok almasndand.)

Yukardaki rneklerde grld zere vurgulanmak istenen ge It znesinden sonra getirilip cmle ondan sonra devam ettirilmektedir. Bu ekilde kullanldnda cmledeki vurgu it yapsndan sonra kullanlan geye yklenmektedir. Mesela, a rneinde vurgu Stuart isminde; b rneinde vurgu the question isminde; c rneinde ise because he had studied hard enough ifadesindedir. 51. + ADVANTAGES PROS STRENGth DISADVANTAGES CONS WEAKNESS

BENIGN credt PLUS

MALIGN DEBIT SIDE MINUS

made great strides huge strides atlm yapmak, aama kaydetmek

2005 KASIM
1.

B Bu soruda kelime bilgisi llmektedir. Soru kknde Bir hava tatnda, kalk ve ini srasnda yolculara acil bir durumda kendilerini karanla .. a yardmc olmak iin kabin klar kapatlr. anlamna gelen bir cmle verilmitir. Seeneklerdeki kelimelerin hepsi fiil halinde verilmitir ve bu kelimeler; A) modify : deitirmek; nitelemek (dilbilgisi) CHANGE, SHIFT, ALTER,TRANSFORM AMEND B) accustom : altrmak BE ACCUSTOMED TO C) resume : yeniden balamak; geri almak D) associate : ilikilendirmek WITH E) relate :TO arasnda balant kurmak; anlatmak, nakletmek anlamna gelmektedir. Seenekler arasnda anlam olarak cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan kelime B seeneindeki altrmak anlamna gelen accustom kelimesidir. Ayrca, soru kknde geen to darkness yapsndaki to edat accustome fiilinin beraber kullanld edattr. Bu nedenle doru seenek B seeneidir.

2.

A Bu soruda Phrasal Verb bilgisi test edimektedir ve soru kkndeki cmlede anlam olarak Jean Chrtienin on yll akn Kanada babakanlndan sonra .den bahsedilmektedir. Seeneklerdeki Phrasal Verbler; A) steps down : istifa etmek B) makes out : anlamak FGURE OUT, SORT OUT, FIND OUT:DISCOVER C) runs out : bitirmek, USE UP, RUN OUT OF, CONSUME D) holds up : geciktirmek E) points out : iaret etmek, belirtmek; vurgulamak anlamna gelmektedir. Seenekler arasnda anlam olarak cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan Phrasal Verb yaps A seeneindeki step down kelimesidir. Buna gre, doru yant A seeneidir.

3.

4.

C Bu soruda da kelime bilgisi llmektedir. Soruda anlam olarak gcnn (insanlarn) kayda deer bir ksmnn evlerinden alt ve bunun bilgisayarlar sayesinde mmkn klnan bir . olduu ifadesi verilmitir. Seeneklerdeki tm kelimeler isim halindedir ve bu kelimeler; A) disturbance : rahatszlk B) destination : gidilecek yer, var; hedef C) circumstance : durum UNDER THESE CIRCUMSTANCES D) support : destek BACK UP E) denial : inkr; yalanlama DENY anlamna gelmektedir. Seenekler arasnda anlam olarak cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan kelime C seeneindeki circumstance kelimesidir. Buna gre doru yant C seeneidir. D Soruda anlam olarak Kuzey Korenin Amerikann belli gvenlik garantileri olmadan ve ok fazla yardm szlerini almadan nkleer almalarndan vazgemesinin .dan bahsedilmektedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimelerin hepsi sfat olarak verilmitir ve bu kelimeler; A) sincere : iten, samimi INTIMATE B) nasty : kt, irkin; ahlaksz C) boastful : bbrlenen, kendini beenmi D) unlikely : olas olmayan PROBABLY NOT E) provisional : geici TEMPORARY BE LIKELY TO / MAY / MIGHT / COULD / MAY WELL( anlamna gelmektedir. Cmlenin anlamna en uygun kelime D seeneinde olas olmayan, (most probably not) anlamnda kullanlan unlikely sfatdr. Bu nedenle doru yant D seeneidir.

5.

C Soruda anlam olarak la firmalarnn, hedef mikroplarn dayankllklarndaki gelimeyle satlar . snrlanabilecek olan yeni antibiyotiklere para yatrma konusunda temkinli olduklarndan bahsedilmektedir. Seeneklerdeki kelimelerin hepsi zarf olarak verilmitir ve bu kelimeler; A) accurately : doru olarak; kusursuzca CORRECTLY ADEQUATELY: ENOUGH: SUFFICIENT B) adequately : layikiyla, yeterli biimde C) severely : ciddi ekilde SERIOUSLY D) complacently : rehavet iinde E) confidently : gvenle, gvenli bir ekilde anlamna gelmektedir. Cmlenin anlamna en uygun kelime C seeneinde ciddi ekilde anlamnda kullanlan severely sfatdr. Bu nedenle doru yant C seeneidir.

BE WARY OF: BE CAUTIOUS : TEDBRL DIKKATLI OLMAK 7.AS WELL AS IN ADDITION TO BESIDES ALMOST VIRTUALLY NEARLY ROUGHLY ABOUT APPROXMATELY PRACTICALLY NI YANI SIRA.ALSO

SAYI/ISTATISTIK

HE PLAYS GOLF AS WELL AS SOME PROF. GOODWELL KADAR YFL NTELEMES LAZIM ASADJ ADV..AS AS MANYNOUN..AS AS MUCH..N..AS MAKE HELP HAVE LET SEE / HEAR SMB If had V3, would Vo Responsble TO SMB FOR STH 17. mplied restatement It was not until 1970 that the real advances were made.. The first real advances were made in 1970.

SMB

vo Vo /Ving

17. B Cloze Test blmnde kelime bilgisinin lld bu soruda seeneklere baktmzda verilen kelimelerin hepsinin fiil olduunu grmekteyiz. Sorunun

sorulduu cmle dikkatle okunduunda Pinelin, hastalar . an zincirleri karmay denedii anlamnn var olduunu grmekteyiz. Seeneklerdeki fiiler, A) compelled : zorlamak FORCE, IMPEL B) restrained : tutmak, kontrol etmek C) overloaded : ar yklemek D) withdrew : geri ekmek, karmak E) sustained : srdrmek, devam ettirmek anlamlarna gelmektedirler. Verilen cmleyi paragrafa anlamca en uygun ekilde tamamlayan ifade tutmak, kontrol etmek anlamna gelen restrain fiilidir. Pinelin, hastalar tutan/kontrol eden zincirleri karmay denedii anlam kmaktadr. Buna gre doru yant B seeneidir DEAL WTH PROBLEMS DEAL WITH CRIME EACH CHILD WAS EXAMINED BY THE DOCTOR EVERY CHILD LIKES ICE CREAM ADJ + FOR SMB + To Vo 26. INSTEAD OF .. , SHOULD/OUGHT TO/HAD BETTER RATHER THAN sought-after: PENDEN KOULAN, OK ARANAN, RABET GREN seek: look for: search CELEBRATION : KUTLAMA CELEBRITY: FAMOUS PERSON REFUGEE: -EE, -OR- -ER- IST- -ANT CELEBRITY...INSAN EKLERI Cde: olum Pesticide Herbicide Suicide 56. shant shall not wll wll not take for granted. : assume : that take for granted: gormezden gelmek

result soadj/advthat: o kadar .ki suchthat the exam was so dffcult. that almost all failed.

KPDS 2006 MAYIS ZMLER

1.

B Bu soruda kelime bilginiz llmektedir. Soru kknde aratrmalar iin hayvanlarn iftletirilmesi ile ilgili yasalarn tbbi aratrmalarn _____ -a/e sonulanabilecei anlam vardr. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler isim olarak verilmitir. Boluktan sonraki of edat da dikkate alnarak kelimeler incelendiinde; A) admission : kabul, giri ADMIT B) detriment : zarar, ziyan DETRIMENTAL: ZARARLI, DANGEROUS To the detriment of: nn zararna C) exclusion : hari tutma EXCLUDE FROM D) preference : tercih E) cohesion : btnlk, yapma COHESIVE adj anlamna gelmektedir. Cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan ifade B seeneindeki detriment, kelimesidir. Bu kelimeyi cmleye yerletirdiimizde yeni yasalarn tbbi aratrmalarn zararna/aleyhine olabilecei anlam vardr. Doru yant B seeneidir.

2.

E Kelime bilgisinin test edildii ikinci soruda, cmlede u anda faiz oranlar gemie kyasla _____; umarz ki hep bu ekilde kalr anlam vardr. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler sfat olarak verilmitir ve; A) frequent : sk B) uneasy : huzursuz AT EASE: RAHAT, C) consecutive WITH EASE: KOLAYLIKLA : ard ardna

Consecutively Respectively Subsequently successively D) comprehensive Comprehend: understand: apprehend E) steady

: geni, kapsaml

: sabit, STKRARLI

anlamna gelmektedir. Cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan ifade E seeneindeki steady, kelimesidir. Anlamca faizlerin sabit kalmasndan, deimemesinden bahsedilmektedir; bu nedenle doru yant E seeneidir.

3.

C Kelime bilgisinin test edildii nc soruda, cmlede Bat Avrupann baz blgelerinde, _____ Fransa, Danimarka ve svede birlikte yaamak hemen hemen evlilik kadar yaygn hale gelmitir. Anlam mevcuttur. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler zarf olarak verilmitir ve; A) completely : tamamyla ENTIRELY, UTTERLY B) deceptively : yanltc ekilde DECEIVE DECEPTION C) notably : zellikle ESPECIALLY PARTICULARLY IN PARTICULAR D) voluntarily : gnll ekilde EAGERLY, WILLINGLY, E) relatively : greceli ekilde anlamna gelmektedir. Cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan ifade E seeneindeki notably, kelimesidir. Anlamca zellikle Fransa, Danimarka ve svete anlam kartlabilir; bu nedenle doru yant C seeneidir. D Kelime bilgisinin test edildii drdnc soruda cmlede kardeleri farkl ekilde etkileyen ve baarlarn ya da baarszlklarn _____e yardm eden baz eyler nelerdir? anlamn veren soru sorulmutur. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler fiil halinde verilmitir ve; A) pursue : kovalamak, peinden komak FOLLOW IN PURSUIT OF: NIN PENDE B) recognize : tanmak C) recreate : yeniden yaratmak, canlandrmak D) determine : belirlemek, karar vermek DETERMINED: KARARLI / SET ON: PHR.V. DETERMINE WHETHER E) reinstate : -i geri getirmek anlamna gelmektedir. Cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan ifade D seeneindeki determine kelimesidir. Cmlede baarlar ya da baarszlklar belirlemeye yardmc olan anlam kartlabilir; bu nedenle doru yant D seeneidir. A Bu soruda phrasal verbs bilginiz llmektedir. Cmlede Gne yla snma maliyeti nedeniyle ve ou blgedeki kstl k gneinden dolay Amerikada hi _____. anlam mevcuttur. Seeneklerdeki phrasal verbler; A) caught on : gndeme gelmek (become popular) B) played up : oynamak, oyalanmak C) turned over : ciro salamak D) waited on : hizmet etmek SERVE

4.

5.

E) looked back : gemii dnmek, geriye bakmak anlamna gelmektedir. Cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan ifade A seeneindeki catch on fiilidir ve gne kullanlarak snmann hi kullanlmadndan ve gndeme gelmediinden bahsedilmektedir; bu nedenle doru yant A seeneidir. 10. COME UP WITH SOME PROPOSALS/ SOLUTIONS ORTAYA ATMAK SUNMAK : PUT FORWARD 13. AS: DII GB ANLAMINDA INVERSION YAPABILIRSINIZ WORK AS DOES YOUR FATHER. WORK AS YOUR FATHER DOES.. DEVELOPE OUT OF: EMERGE FROM ARISE FROM RESULT FROM STEM FROM DERIVE FROM

DEN ORTAYA CIKMAK

LEAD TO RESULT IN CAUSE BRING ABOUT e sebep olmak GIVE RISE TO Contrbute to (KATKIDA BULUNMAK) 23. ALLOT ALLOCATE SEATS TAHSIS ETMEK AYIRMAK 26. , ___________ , . ADJ CLAUSE .WHICH:::: 33. PEN AN ACCOUNT: BIR OLAYI KALEME ALMAK 38. ESTIMATED THAT: TAHMIN ETMEK HESAPLAMAK 46. ONE.ANOTHER.LIMIT YOK ONE COUNTRY SHOULD HELP ANOTHER.

ONE .THE OTHER.2 SHE HAS ONE BROTHER. One helps the other SOME..OTHERS Some scientists claim thatOthers assert that SOME..THE OTHERS(GRUP NE GONDERME YAPAR) There are 8 countries who signed the contract. Some of them were willing but the others 2006 KASIM
6.

B Bu soruda kelime bilgisi llmektedir. Soru kknde Bir lkenin zenginlii ve vatandalarna salad zgrlk arasnda gl bir _____ vardr. anlamna gelen bir cmle verilmitir. Seeneklerdeki kelimelerin hepsi isim halinde verilmitir ve bu kelimeler; A) coincidence : rastlant, tesadf B) correlation : karlkl iliki, korelasyon C) consideration : dnce,sayg; nem; gz nne alma D) determination : kararllk, azim E) interpretation : yorum, aklama; szl evirme anlamna gelmektedir. Seenekler arasnda anlam olarak cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan kelime B seeneindeki karlkl iliki anlamna gelen correlation kelimesidir. Ayrca, soru kknde geen between edat correlation ismi ile yaygn olarak kullanlr. Bu nedenle doru seenek B seeneidir.

7.

D Kelime bilgisinin test edildii ikinci soruda, cmlede Uydu televizyonu imdilerde olaylar dier lkelerde ortaya ktklarnda izlemeyi bizler iin _____ hale getirdi anlam vardr. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler sfat olarak verilmitir ve; A) worldwide : dnya apnda B) substantial : byk; salam, dayankl; doyurucu, tatmin edici C) aware : farknda, haberdar D) commonplace : sradan, baya, olaan, YAYGIN E) liable : sorumlu, mesul; eilimli liability: duyarllk anlamna gelmektedir. Cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan ifade D seeneindeki commonplace kelimesidir. Bu nedenle doru yant D seeneidir.

8.

A Kelime bilgisinin test edildii nc soruda, cmlede Latin Amerika lkeleri rnlerinin sadece ortalama yaklak %10unu dier Latin Amerika lkelerine ihra etmektedirler, ama _____ %20sini Amerikaya ihra etmektedirler. anlam mevcuttur. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler zarf olarak verilmitir ve; A) almost : neredeyse, hemen hemen B) fairly : yeterli; olduka C) respectively : srasyla D) initially : balangta : at first E) extensively : geni lde anlamna gelmektedir. Cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan ifade A seeneindeki almost kelimesidir. Bu nedenle doru yant A seeneidir. C Kelime bilgisinin test edildii drdnc soruda cmlede lk uluslar aras posta anlamasnn _____ 16. yzyla kadar, bugn bildiimiz ekliyle bir posta sistemi yoktu eklinde bir anlam verilmitir. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler fiil halinde verilmitir ve; A) assign : tahsis etmek, ayrmak; atamak APPOINT B) maintain : srdrmek, devam ettirmek; SAVUNMAK HE MAINTAINS THAT C) enact : yasalatrmak, YASAL HALE GETRMEK LEGISLATE D) seize : tutmak, yakalamak; el koymak, zaptetmek SEIZE THE OPPURTUNITY E) conduct : yrtmek, ynetmek, idare etmek anlamna gelmektedir. Cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan ifade C seeneindeki enact kelimesidir. Cmlede ilk posta anlamasnn yasalat 16. yzyla kadar anlam kartlabilir; bu nedenle doru yant C seeneidir. D Bu soruda phrasal verbs bilginiz llmektedir. Cmlede Amerikada d yardmlara ayrlan fon miktarn _____ ve bunun yerine fonlar i ekonomiyi dzeltmek zere kullanmak iin artan bir bask var eklinde bir anlam mevcuttur. Seeneklerdeki phrasal verbler; A) make up for : telafi etmek, tazmin etmek, gidermek COMPENSATE FOR B) point out : -e dikkat ekmek, -i iaret etmek C) keep up with : -e yetimek, -den geri kalmamak, -e ayak uydurmak D) cut down on : azaltmak E) take up with : -ile megul olmak; -ile arkada olmak anlamna gelmektedir. Cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan ifade D seeneindeki cut down on fiilidir. Bu nedenle doru yant D seeneidir.

9.

10.

11.

Bu soruda Complex Preposition bilgisi test edilmektedir. Seeneklerdeki

yaplar incelendiinde, A) contrary to : -nn aksine B) in spite of : -e ramen C) by means of : -nn yoluyla, -nn vastasyla D) since : -den beri E) as regards : -e gelince, konusunda anlamlarna gelen yaplar verildiini grmekteyiz. Soru kkndeki cmlede genel olarak E-mail ve faks iletilerindeki art _____, ou iletiim halen en iyi olarak yzyze ve konuarak yaplmaktadr. eklinde bir anlam mevcuttur ve bu cmleyi en iyi tamamlayan ifade B seeneinde verilen -e ramen anlam veren in spite of yapsdr. Buna gre doru yant B seeneidir. 9. RANGE FROM..TO/TILL / UNTIL VARY FROMTO THE PROBLEMS OF THE COUNTRY RANGE FROM UNEMPLOYMENT TO OVERPOPULATION. 10. FAMILIAR WITH SMB/ : ANA OLMAK, TANIDIK OLMAK C Bu soruda kelime bilgisi test edilmektedir ve boluktan sonra verilen outer shell (d kabuk) isim beini niteleyen bir sfat sorulmaktadr. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler, A) intense : youn, iddetli, gergin B) approachable : yaklalabilir, yanalabilir C) indestructible : ok dayankl, yklmaz: THAT CAN SURVIVE D) abundant : bol, bereketli E) unsteady : deiken, sabit olmayan; titrek A Bu soruda Complex Preposition bilgisi llmektedir. Soru kkndeki cmlede Polen analizinde, bitkilerin d kabuklar topraktan karlr, mikroskop altnda incelenir ve farkl d kabuk ekillerine tanmlanr eklinde bir anlam verilmitir. Seeneklerdeki yaplar, A) according to : -e gre B) ahead of : -nn nnde, -nn ilerisinde C) with a view to : -nn amacyla + vNG IN ORDER TO SO AS TO TO D) on behalf of : -nn namna, -nn adna E) in place of : -nn yerine anlamlarna gelmektedir. Soru kkndeki cmleyi en iyi ekilde tamamlayan Complex Preposition yaps A seeneinde verilen according to yapsdr. Buna gre doru yant A seeneidir. A Kelime bilgisinin lld bu soruda dikkat edilmesi gereken ey boluun whale oil ismi ile ilgili ek bilgi veren ara bir ifadede verildiidir. Buna gre ek bilgi veren ksmda whale oil (balina yap) ile ilgili olarak nemli bir eklinde

12.

13.

14.

tamamlanmas gereken bir ifade bulunmaktadr. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler, A) commodity : rn, mal, eya GOOD B) refinement : artma, rafine etme, C) artifact : el yapm eser D) hardship : sknt, zorluk, darlk E) settlement : yerleme; oturma; mesken anlamlarna gelmektedir. Soru kkndeki cmleyi en iyi ekilde tamamlayan kelime A seeneinde verilen commodity ismidir. Buna gre doru yant A seeneidir. RAW MATERIAL : HAM MADDE D Bu soruda Sentence Adverb bilgisi llmektedir. Boluun verildii cmlenin ncesinde 1977 ylnda olan bir olaydan bahsedilmi ve boluun verildii cmle ile 1978 ylnda olmu bir durumdan bahsedilmektedir. Seeneklerdeki zarflar, A) on the contrary : aksine B) frequently : sk sk C) otherwise : yoksa, aksi takdirde D) subsequently : sonradan, ARDINDAN RESPECTIVELY SUCCESSIVELY CONSECUTIVELY E) conclusively : kesin olarak; ikna edici ekilde anlamlarna gelmektedir. Soru kkndeki cmleyi en iyi ekilde tamamlayan zarf D seeneinde verilen 1977 ve 1978 arasnda sralama yapan subsequently zarfdr. Buna gre doru yant D seeneidir. EXPAND: GENLEME EXPEND: CONSUME, USE UP, RUN OUT OF, SPEND

15.

26.

26.. ZAMAN ZARFLARININ ANA CUMLESINDE HAVE HAS V3 KULLANMAKTAN KACININ WHEN.. BEFORE.. , .HAVE /HAS V3( KULLANMAYALIM %80) AFTER. RUN COURSE : BITMEK, TAMAMLAMAK BY THE TIME THE 21ST CENTURY IS COMPLETED, ..WILL HAVE V3 WILL VO CHANGE..THE COURSE OF AN INDUSTRY 48: CALL FOR : GEREKTIRMEK 2007 MAYIS

16.

A Bu soruda kelime bilgisi llmektedir. Soru kknde Volkanlar, lav, kl aklar , havadan gelen kl ve tozlar gibi kendi patlamalarnn sonular olan eylerin _____-siyle oluurlar. anlamna gelen bir cmle verilmitir. Seeneklerdeki kelimelerin hepsi isim halinde verilmitir ve bu kelimeler; accumulation destruction explosion instability growth : birikme, birikinti : ykm, yok etme : patlama : istikrarszlk, kararszlk; dayankszlk : byme

A) B) C) D) E)

anlamna gelmektedir. Seenekler arasnda anlam olarak cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan kelime A seeneindeki birikme anlamna gelen accumulation kelimesidir. Bu nedenle doru seenek A seeneidir.

17.

E Kelime bilgisinin test edildii ikinci soruda, cmlede in ve Hindistann yaadklar, _____ ekonomik ve siyasi transformasyonu nasl baaracaklar bakmndan gelimekte olan lkeler iin dersler ierdiinden, bu lkeler Afrika iin model oluturmaktadrlar. anlam vardr. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler sfat olarak verilmitir ve; deceitful persuasive accessible irregular gradual : aldatc, hilekr DECEIVE : ikna edici : ulalabilir TO : dzensiz : kademeli, tedrici, basamakl, aamal, yava

A) B) C) D) E)

anlamna gelmektedir. Cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan ifade E seeneindeki kademeli, aamal kelimesidir. Bu nedenle doru yant E seeneidir.

18.

C Kelime bilgisinin test edildii nc soruda, cmlede Krfez blgesinin byk oranda kapal ekonomilerinde, kamu fonlarnn yan sra zel fonlarda _____gayrimenkule ve hisse senetlerine yneldi, ki bu tehlikeli bir speklatif arta sebep oldu. anlam mevcuttur. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler zarf olarak verilmitir ve; unlikely nominally rapidly still tightly : kesin olmayacak ekilde (zarf); olas olmayan (sfat) : ismen, NEMSZCE : hzla, sratle FAST : hala, YNE DE : skca

A) B) C) D) E)

TIGHT SCHEDULE anlamna gelmektedir. Cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan ifade C seeneindeki rapidly kelimesidir. Bu nedenle doru yant C seeneidir.

B Kelime bilgisinin test edildii drdnc soruda cmlede Baz lkeler, domam bir ocuun cinsiyetini semek iin doum ncesi tehis tekniklerini _____, ancak rvet ve insann yaratcl mstakbel annebabalarn yasaya taklmamalarn kolaylatryor. eklinde bir anlam verilmitir. Seeneklerdeki kelimeler fiil halinde verilmitir ve; A) remove : karmak; ortadan kaldrmak B) outlaw : yasaklamak, yasad ilan etmek C) explore : aratrmak, incelemek; kefetmek D) sustain : srdrmek; ayakta tutmak, kmesine engel olmak E) retain : alkoymak; kaybetmemek, srdrmek anlamna gelmektedir. Cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan ifade B seeneindeki outlaw kelimesidir. Bu nedenle doru yant B seeneidir.
19.

D Bu soruda phrasal verb bilginiz llmektedir. Cmlede Hcreler enerjiyi bir formdan dierine dntrr ve o enerjiyi, mekanik iten kimyasal senteze dein eitli aktiviteleri _____ iin kullanr. eklinde bir anlam mevcuttur. Seeneklerdeki phrasal verbler; A) turn off : kapamak; -den sapmak B) use up : kullanp bitirmek C) take in : almak (gda, vb); daraltmak (elbise, vb); aldatmak ABSORB, SUCK D) carry out : gerekletirmek, yerine getirmek; yrtmek, devam ettirmek E) pick up : toplamak; birini bir yerden almak; pratik olarak renmek anlamna gelmektedir. Cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan ifade D seeneindeki carry out phrasal verbidir. Bu nedenle doru yant D seeneidir.
20. 21.
Bu soruda Tense bilginizin yan sra Sentence Adverbs (cmleyi niteleyen zarflar) bilgisi de llmektedir. Soru kkndeki ikinci boluktan nce verilen sonu bildiren thus zarfnn kullanl bu sorunun zmnde belirleyici olacaktr. Normalde, thus, therefore ve hence zarflar kendilerinden sonra tam bir cmle alarak devam ederler, ama ayn zamanda and thus/therefore/hence eklinde and balac ile kullanldklarnda zneler ayn ise kendilerinden sonraki cmlenin znesini tekrar etmeden normal ekimli fiil ile de devam edebilirler. Ayrca, bu iki kullanma ek olarak, bu yaplar thereby yapsnda olduu gibi Ving alarak da devam edebilirler. imdi bu kullanmlar rnek cmlelerde grelim:

a) He studied hard. Thus, he passed the exam easily. b) He studied hard, and thus passed/VNG/Svo the exam easily. c) He studied hard, thus passing the exam easily.
22.

A Bir paragraf iinde gramer ve kelime bilginizin lld Cloze Testin bu ilk sorusunda kelime bilgisi test edilmektedir. Boluun verildii cmlede Oyunun zekamz besledii ve z saygmz _____-d syleniyor eklinde bir anlam vardr. Bo ksm tamamlayacak bir fiile ihtiyacmzn olduu bu sorunun seeneklerinde, raise appreciate afflict represent provoke : ykseltmek, artrmak : beenmek, takdir etmek : ac vermek, zarar vermek : temsil etmek : kkrtmak, tahrik etmek; -e yol amak

A) B) C) D) E)

anlamlarna gelmektedir. Cmleyi en uygun ekilde tamamlayan fiil ykseltmek, artrmak anlamlarnda kullanlan raise fiilidir. Buna gre doru yant A seeneidir. 23. B Bu soruda zarf bilgisi llmektedir. Soru kkndeki cmlede ngiltere tarihi, ou _____ devam eden ok eitli mzik gelenekleri

oluturdu eklinde bir anlam verilmitir. Seeneklerdeki yaplar, A) B) C) D) E) then still thus almost too : sonra; yleyse; o zaman : hal : bylece; bu yzden : hemen hemen : ok (negatif anlamda); de, da

anlamlarna gelmektedir. Soru kkndeki cmleyi en iyi ekilde B seeneinde verilen still zarf tamamlamaktadr. Buna gre doru yant B seeneidir. 13. VANISH : DISAPPEAR A) B) C) D) E) A) B) C) D) E) raise appreciate afflict represent provoke : ykseltmek, artrmak : beenmek, takdir etmek : ac vermek, zarar vermek : temsil etmek : kkrtmak, tahrik etmek; -e yol amak

contribution : katk, yardm; makale, yaz exclusion : hari brakma, ihra obscurity : apraklk; belirsizlik; karanlk; gizlilik acquisition : edinme, elde etme continuation : devam, devam etme, srme

WONDER : MUCZE 7 WONDERS OF THE WORLD IT IS A WONDER THAT svo SMSOYUT SM + THAT svo FL OLAN WONDER DAN SONRA ASLA THAT YOK 66. THE ROOT CAUSE: BASIC FUNDAMENTAL AN ARRAY OF A SURGE OF.: BR DZ