:

1. ...........................................................................................................................................1
2. , ......................................................................2
3. .............................7
4. .....................................................................................................................................8
5. ...................................................................................................................................13

II:

15

1. ..........................15
2. .................................................................................................22
3. .................................................................................................................37
4. ....................................................................................................................66
5. .................................................................................................................................101

III:

105

1. .......................................................................................................................................105
2. ( )..............................106
3. ( ) .......141
4. .................................................................................................142
5. .................................................................................................................................143

IV:
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14

147
149
175
205
237
273
307
337
375
421
451
477
505
535
569

 V:

613

1. ...................................................................................................................................... 613
2. -- ..................................................... 613
3. ........................... 620

VI:

629

1. ................................................................................................... 629
2. ............................................................................................................... 647
3. .............................................................................................. 650
4. ......................................................................................................... 651
5. ................................................................................. 661
6. .................................................................................................................... 673
7. ...................................................................................................... 683
8. .................................................................................................................... 690
9. .............................................................................................................. 695
10. - ..................................................................................... 696
11. ....................................................................... 702
12. ............................................................................................................................... 718

VII:

723

1. - .................................. 723
2. , .................................................... 724
3. , , ............................................ 727
4. ................................................................. 747
5. ................................................................................................................................. 747

ii


..........................................................................................................................ix
........................................................................................................................xi
....................................................................................................................xix
........................................................................................................xx

1. ...........................................................................................................................................1
2. , ......................................................................2
3. .............................7
4. .....................................................................................................................................8
4.1 .......................................................................................................................................... 8
4.2 ................................................................................................................................................. 11
4.3 ......................................................................................................................... 13

5. ...................................................................................................................................13

II:

15

1. ..........................15
1.1 ................................................................................................................................ 15
1.2 ............................................................................................. 17
1.3 ......................................................................................................................... 21

2. .................................................................................................22
2.1 ............................................................................................................................. 23
2.2 ................................................................................................................................ 24
2.3 2000/60/ .................................... 26
2.4 ............................................................................................................. 31
2.5 .................................................................................. 35

3. .................................................................................................................37
3.1 ................................................................................................................................................ 37
3.2 ....................................... 38
3.3 ................................................................................. 43
3.4 ....................................... 44
3.5 (20072013) ........................................................................... 51

4. ....................................................................................................................66
4.1 ........................................................................................................................... 66
4.2 ............................................................................... 81
4.3 ......................................................................................................................................... 88
4.4 .......................................................................................................................... 90
4.5 ........................................................................................................................................ 97

5. .................................................................................................................................101

III:

105

1. .......................................................................................................................................105

iii

2. ( )............................. 106
2.1 .......................................................................... 106
2.2 ........................................................................................ 109
2.3 ................................................................................................................................... 115
2.4 ................................................................................................. 123
2.5 ........................................................................................................ 141

3. ( ) ...... 141
4. ................................................................................................ 142
5. ................................................................................................................................. 143

IV:

147

01

149

1.1 ................................................................................................................... 149

1.2 ....................................................................................... 152
1.3 ................................................................................................................ 162
1.4 ............................................................................................................................ 165
1.5 ............................................................................................................. 168
1.6 - ......................................................................................................... 170
1.7 ........................................................................................................... 171
1.8 ........................................................................................................................................ 172

02

175

2.1 ................................................................................................................... 175

2.2 ....................................................................................... 179
2.3 ................................................................................................................ 189
2.4 ............................................................................................................................ 192
2.5 ............................................................................................................. 196
2.6 - ......................................................................................................... 199
2.7 , ..................................................... 201
2.8 ........................................................................................................... 201
2.9 ........................................................................................................................................ 203

03

205

3.1 ................................................................................................................... 205

3.2 ....................................................................................... 209
3.3 ................................................................................................................ 222
3.4 ............................................................................................................................ 225
3.5 ............................................................................................................. 228
3.6 - ......................................................................................................... 232
3.7 ........................................................................................................... 233
3.8 ........................................................................................................................................ 234

04

237

4.1 ................................................................................................................... 237

4.2 ....................................................................................... 241
4.3 ................................................................................................................ 258
4.4 ............................................................................................................................ 261
4.5 ............................................................................................................. 264
4.6 - ......................................................................................................... 267

iv

4.7 ........................................................................................................... 269

4.8 ........................................................................................................................................ 270

05

273

5.1 ................................................................................................................... 273

5.2 ....................................................................................... 277
5.3 ................................................................................................................ 290
5.4 ........................................................................................................................... 294
5.5 ............................................................................................................. 297
5.6 -......................................................................................................... 301
5.7 , ..................................................... 301
5.8 ........................................................................................................... 302
5.9 ........................................................................................................................................ 304

06

307

6.1 ................................................................................................................... 307

6.2 ....................................................................................... 310
6.3 ................................................................................................................ 319
6.4 ........................................................................................................................... 323
6.5 ............................................................................................................. 330
6.6 -......................................................................................................... 331
6.7 ........................................................................................................... 331
6.8 ........................................................................................................................................ 333

07

337

7.1 ................................................................................................................... 337

7.2 ....................................................................................... 340
7.3 ................................................................................................................ 357
7.4 ........................................................................................................................... 360
7.5 ............................................................................................................. 363
7.6 -......................................................................................................... 368
7.7 ........................................................................................................... 369
7.8 ........................................................................................................................................ 371

08

375

8.1 ................................................................................................................... 375

8.2 ....................................................................................... 380
8.3 ................................................................................................................ 401
8.4 ........................................................................................................................... 405
8.5 ............................................................................................................. 408
8.6 -......................................................................................................... 412
8.7 ........................................................................................................... 414
8.8 ........................................................................................................................................ 417

09

421

9.1 ................................................................................................................... 421

9.2 ....................................................................................... 425
9.3 ................................................................................................................ 438
9.4 ........................................................................................................................... 440
9.5 ............................................................................................................. 444
9.6 -......................................................................................................... 446
9.7 ........................................................................................................... 448
9.8 ........................................................................................................................................ 449

10

451

10.1 ................................................................................................................. 451

10.2 ..................................................................................... 454
10.3 .............................................................................................................. 463
10.4 .......................................................................................................................... 465
10.5 ........................................................................................................... 469
10.6 - ....................................................................................................... 472
10.7 ......................................................................................................... 474
10.8 ...................................................................................................................................... 475

11

477

11.1 ................................................................................................................. 477

11.2 ..................................................................................... 481
11.3 .............................................................................................................. 491
11.4 .......................................................................................................................... 494
11.5 ........................................................................................................... 497
11.6 - ....................................................................................................... 499
11.7 ......................................................................................................... 501
11.8 ...................................................................................................................................... 502

12

505

12.1 ................................................................................................................. 505

12.2 ..................................................................................... 509
12.3 .............................................................................................................. 519
12.4 .......................................................................................................................... 522
12.5 ........................................................................................................... 526
12.6 - ....................................................................................................... 529
12.7 , ................................................... 530
12.8 ......................................................................................................... 530
12.9 ...................................................................................................................................... 532

13

535

13.1 ................................................................................................................. 535

13.2 ..................................................................................... 540
13.3 .............................................................................................................. 548
13.4 .......................................................................................................................... 553
13.5 ........................................................................................................... 557
13.6 - ....................................................................................................... 562
13.7 ......................................................................................................... 564
13.8 ...................................................................................................................................... 567

14

569

14.1 ................................................................................................................. 569

14.2 ..................................................................................... 573
14.3 .............................................................................................................. 579
14.4 .......................................................................................................................... 585
14.5 ........................................................................................................... 588
14.6 - ....................................................................................................... 604
14.7 ......................................................................................................... 606
14.8 ...................................................................................................................................... 610

vi

 V:

613

1. .......................................................................................................................................613
2. -- .....................................................613
2.1 ....................................................................................................................................... 613
2.2 .................................................................. 619
2.3 ........................................................................... 620

3. ............................620
3.1 ........................................................................................................................... 621
3.2 ................................................................................................................................ 622
3.3 .................................................................................................................................. 624
3.4 ................................................................................................................................. 625

VI:

629

1. ....................................................................................................629
1.1 .............................................................................................................................................. 629
1.2 ....................................................................................................................... 634
1.3 ........................................................................................................... 637
1.4 .................................................................................................................. 639
1.5 ..................................................................................................... 641

2. ................................................................................................................647
2.1 .............................................................................................................................................. 647
2.2 ........................................................................................................... 647
2.3 .................................................................................................................. 648

3. ..............................................................................................650
4. .........................................................................................................651
4.1 .............................................................................................................................................. 651
4.2 ................................................................................................................... 652
4.3 ............................................................................................................. 654
4.4 ................................................................................................................... 657
4.5 ........................................................... 659

5. ..................................................................................661
5.1 , , .............................................................. 661
5.2 .............................................................................. 664
5.3 .............................................................................................. 668
5.4 ..................................... 669
5.5 , ......................................... 671

6. .....................................................................................................................673
6.1 .............................................................................................................................................. 673
6.2 ................................................................................................................................ 675
6.3 ................................................................... 677
6.4 ................................................................. 679

7. .......................................................................................................683
7.1 .......................................................................................................................................... 683
7.2 ........................................................................................... 686
7.3 ...................................................................... 687

8. ....................................................................................................................690
8.1 .................................................................................................................. 690

vii

8.2 ............................................................................................................. 691

8.3 ..................................................................................................................... 693
8.4 .................................................................................................................... 694

9. .............................................................................................................. 695
10. - ..................................................................................... 696
11. ....................................................................... 702
11.1 .............................................................. 703
11.2 ........................................................................................ 706
11.3 .............................................................................................................. 707
11.4 .................................................................................................. 709
11.5 ................................................................................................................. 713
11.6 .................................................................... 715
11.7 ................................................................................. 716
11.8 .................................................................................................................. 717

12. ............................................................................................................................... 718

VII:

723

1. - .................................. 723
2. , .................................................... 724
3. , , ............................................ 727
3.1 .......................................................................... 728
3.2 ........................................................................................................................ 730
3.3 .............................................................................................................................. 732
3.4 .......................................................................................... 734
3.5 ............................................................................................................................. 737
3.6 ............................................................................................................... 738
3.7 ............................................................................................................................ 740
3.8 ....................................................................................................................... 741
3.9 - ................................................................................................ 741
3.10 ................................................................................ 742
3.11 ........................................................................................................................ 746

4. ................................................................. 747
5. ................................................................................................................................. 748

viii


. (1 : 1 000 000)
01
01.1:
01.2:
02
02.1:
02.2:
03
03.1:
03.2:
04
04.1:
04.2:
05
05.1:
05.2:
06
06.1:
06.2:
07
07.1:
07.2:
08
08.1:
08.2:
09
09.1:
09.2:
10
10.1:
10.2:
11
11.1:
11.2:
12
12.1:
12.2:
13
13.1:
13.2:
14
14.1:
14.2:

ix

. (1 : 3 000 000)
1:
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
8: ( )
9:
10:

. (1 : 1 000 000)


I:
1.1 ................................5

II:
II.1 .............................45
II.2 ...........................................................................84
II.3 ...............................................92
II.4 ....................................................93

III:
.1 .......................126
.2 .................................................................130
.3 ..........................................133
.4 .......................................................................135
III.4 ..................................................................137

IV:
01
1.1 .....................................................149
1.2 ......................................................................152
1.3 ............................................................................152
1.4 ....................................................................................153
1.5 ........................................................................153
1.6 ....................................................................................161
1.7 ...........................................................162
1.8 .........................163
1.9 .....................................................................163
1.10 ...........................................................................................165
1.11 .......................................................................165
1.12 .................................................................................165
1.13 .............................................................166
1.14 ........................................................166
1.15 ............................................................................................168
1.16 ...................................................................................170

02
2.1 .....................................................175
2.2 ....................................................................................179
2.3 ..................................................................180
2.4 ................................................188
2.5 .................................................189
2.6 ...........................................................190
xi

 2.7 ......................... 191

2.8 ..................................................................... 191
2.9 ............................................................................................ 193
2.10 ...................................................................... 193
2.11 ................................................................................ 193
2.12 ............................................................ 193
2.13 ....................................................... 193
2.14 ........................................................................................... 196
2.15 .................. 200
2.16 ............................................... 200
2.17 ............................................................. 200

03
3.1 .................................................... 205
3.2 ................. 208
3.3 .......................................................................................... 210
3.4 ....... 210
3.5 ............................................................................... 213
3.6 ....................................................... 214
3.7 ............................................................... 214
3.8 ............................................................................................ 218
3.9 ..................................................................................... 219
3.10 ............................................................................. 219
3.11 ....................................................................................................... 219
3.12 ..................................................................................... 220
3.13 .................................................................. 221
3.14 ........................................ 222
3.15 ................................................................ 222
3.16 .................................................................... 223
3.17 .............................................................. 223
3.18 ..................................................................... 224
3.19 ..................................................................... 224
3.20 .......................................................................................... 225
3.21 ...................................................................... 225
3.22 ......................................... 226
3.23 ............................................................ 226
3.24 ....................................................... 226
3.25 ........................................................................................... 228
3.26 ...................................... 232
3.27 ................................... 232

04
4.1 .................................................... 237
4.2 .......................................................................................... 242
4.3 ................................................... 242
4.4 ....................... 243

xii

 4.5 ........243
4.6 ..........244
4.7 ................................................................249
4.8 .............................................................................................252
4.9 ...........................................254
4.10 ( ) ......255
4.11 ....................................................................................255
4.12 .............................................................................255
4.13 , ......256
4.14 ...................................................................257
4.15 .....................................................258
4.16 .....................................................................259
4.17 ..............................................................259
4.18 .....................................................................260
4.19 ...........................................................................................261
4.20 .......................................................................262
4.21 ..........................................262
4.22 .............................................................262
4.23 ........................................................262
4.24 ............................................................................................265
4.25 .......................................267
4.26 ............................268
4.27 ....................................268
5.1 .....................................................273

05
5.2 ......277
5.3 ...................................278
5.4 ...................................279
5.5 ...........................................................279
5.6 .....................................279
5.7 ................................280
5.8 ..................................280
5.9 ....................................................................289
5.10 ...................................................................290
5.11 2001 ...............................291
5.12 ..........................................................................292
5.13 ..........................................................................................................292
5.14 ...............................................................................293
5.15 ...........................................................................................294
5.16 .......................................................................294
5.17 ..........................................294
5.18 .............................................................295
5.19 ........................................................295
5.20 ............................................................................................297
5.21 ..................301

xiii

 5.22 ......................................................................... 301

06
6.1 .................................................... 307
6.2 .......................................................... 309
6.3 ................................................................................................ 312
6.4 ....................................................... 319
6.5 - ........................................................................ 319
6.6 .......................................................................... 321
6.7 ........................................................... 321
6.8 .......................................................................... 322
6.9 ............................................................................................ 324
6.10 ...................................................................... 324
6.11 ......................................... 324
6.12 ............................................................ 325
6.13 ....................................................... 325
6.14 ........................................................................................... 328

07
7.1 .................................................... 337
7.2 .......................................................... 339
7.3 ............ 342
7.4 ........................... 344
7.5 .............................. 345
7.6 .......................................................... 349
7.7 ............................................................................................ 354
7.8 .............................................................................. 355
7.9 ................................................................... 355
7.10 ....................................................................................... 356
7.11 ......................................................................................... 356
7.12 ............................................................. 357
7.13 ................................................................................................................ 358
7.14 ....................................................................... 359
7.15 .......................................................................................... 360
7.16 ...................................................................... 360
7.17 ......................................... 360
7.18 ............................................................ 361
7.19 ....................................................... 361
7.20 ........................................................................................... 364

08
8.1 .................................................... 375
8.2 .......................................................................................... 380
8.3 ................................................... 381
8.4 ........................................................... 381
8.5 ..................................... 382
8.6 ....................................................... 382
xiv

 8.7 ..........................................................................388
8.8 .....................................392
8.9 ( )..........................................392
8.10 ( ) .........................................................396
8.11 .................................................................................397
8.12 ...............................................................................397
8.13 .............................................................................398
8.14 .........................................................399
8.15 ( ) .................................................400
8.16 .....................................................401
8.17 ..............401
8.18 1991....................402
8.19 ..............................................................403
8.20 .....................................................................403
8.21 .........................................404
8.22 ...........................................................................................405
8.23 .......................................................................405
8.24 ..........................................405
8.25 .............................................................406
8.26 ........................................................406
8.27 ............................................................................................408
8.28 .......................................412
8.29 ............................412
8.30 ....................................413
8.31 ...........414

09
9.1 .....................................................421
9.2 ..........................................................423
9.3 ........................................................................426
9.4 ......................427
9.5 ........................427
9.6 ............................................................................436
9.7 .................................................................................438
9.8 ................................................................................439
9.9 .............................................................................................440
9.10 .......................................................................440
9.11 ..........................................441
9.12 .............................................................441
9.13 ........................................................441
9.14 ............................................................................................444
9.15 .......................................446
9.16 ............................446
9.17 ....................................447

xv

10
10.1 .................................................. 451
10.2 ........................................................ 453
10.3 ................... 456
10.4 ......................................................................... 464
10.5 ............................................................................. 465
10.6 .......................................................................................... 466
10.7 ...................................................................... 466
10.8 ......................................... 466
10.9 ............................................................ 466
10.10 ..................................................... 467
10.11 ......................................................................................... 469
10.12 .................................... 473
10.13 ................................. 473

11
11.1 .................................................. 477
11.2 ............... 480
11.3 ........................................................................................ 482
11.4 ................... 482
11.5 ........................................... 482
11.6 ....................... 482
11.7 .............. 483
11.8 ............................................................. 486
11.9 .......................................................................................... 489
11.10 ...................................... 490
11.11 ................................................................................. 490
11.12 ............... 491
11.13 ................................................... 492
11.14 ................................................................ 492
11.15 ......................................................... 493
11.16 ................................................................ 494
11.17 ................................................................... 494
11.18 ........................................................................................ 495
11.19 .................................................................... 495
11.20 ....................................... 495
11.21 .......................................................... 495
11.22 ..................................................... 496
11.23 ......................................................................................... 498
11.24 .................................... 499
11.25 ......................... 500
11.26 ................................. 500

12
12.1 .................................................. 505
12.2 ................................................................................... 510

xvi

 12.3 ..................................................................518
12.4 ...................................................................519
12.5 .........................................................520
12.6 .......................520
12.7 ...................................................................521
12.8 ...........................................................................................522
12.9 .......................................................................523
12.10 ........................................523
12.11 ...........................................................523
12.12 ......................................................523
12.13 ..........................................................................................526
12.14 v ................529
12.15 ......................................................................529

13
13.1 ....................................................................535
13.2 ..................................................................................................538
13.3 ..............................................................................539
13.4 .....................................................................................................539
13.5 ..........................................................548
13.6 .........................................................................................548
13.7 .......................................................................549
13.8 ......................551
13.9 ..................552
13.10 .................................................................................552
13.11 .........................................................................................................553
13.12 .........................................................................................553
13.13 .....................................................................554
13.14 ........................................554
13.15 ...........................................................554
13.16 ......................................................554
13.17 ..........................................................................................557
13.18 ...............................................................................................................562
13.19 .............................................................................564

14
14.1 ...................................................569
14.2 ...........................572
14.3 .......................................................................................572
14.4 ........................................................................................573
14.5 ......................................................................574
14.6 ........................................................................................................576
14.7 .......................................................................................577
14.8 .....................................................................................................579
14.9 ..........................................................................580
14.10 ....................581

xvii

 14.11 () .............................................................................. 582

14.12 ()............................................................................ 583
14.13 ................................................ 584
14.14 ................................................................................... 584
14.15 ........................................................................................................ 585
14.16 ........................................................................................ 585
14.17 .................................................................... 586
14.18 ....................................... 586
14.19 .......................................................... 586
14.20 ..................................................... 586
14.21 ......................................................................................... 588
14.22 .............................................................................................................. 605
14.23 ............................................................... 605
14.24 ................................................................ 607

V:
V.1 ............................................................ 615

VI:
VI.1 ........................................................ 629
VI.2 ........................................... 630
VI.3 ............................................... 638
VI.4 .............. 639
VI.5 .................................................................... 639
VI.6 , ............................ 650
VI.7 ..... 653
VI.8 50 ............ 664
VI.9 ....................... 676
VI.10 ......................... 677
VI.11 ....................................................................................... 678
VI.12 15 - , ...... 681
VI.13 .................................... 684
VI.14 ................................................................. 691
VI.15 / 2010........................... 692
VI.16 / ....................................................................... 692
VI.17 .................................................. 692
V.23 ................................................................. 697
VI.18 .................. 698
VI.19 ............... 698
VI.20 ....... 700
VI.21 ........ 701

xviii


.1 .......................................................................................9
.2: ..............................................................9
.3: () (sustainable development) ....................................10
II.1 ............................................................................84
.1 JRC .............................135
V.1 4 .........614
V.2 / .............................614
VI.1 ................................................663
VI.2 ......674

xix



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xx

 2002. , ,
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xxi

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xxii

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River means a body of inland water flowing for the most part on the surface of the
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River basin means the area of land from

which all surface run-off flows through a
sequence of streams, rivers and, possibly,
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estuary or delta.

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to a particular point in a water course (normally a lake or a river confluence

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Brundtland, G.H., & World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future, Oxford University Press, 1987.
Global Water Partnership, Integrated water resources management, Tac Background,
Paper No. 4. Stockholm, Sweden, 2000.
Grigg, N. S., Water Resources Management, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996.
Loucks, D.P., E. van Beek, J.R. Stedinger, J.P.M. Dijkman, Water Resources Systems
Planning and Management, An Introduction to Methods, Models and Applications,
Studies and Reports in Hydrology, UNESCO Publishing, 680 pages, Paris, 2005.

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123

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scherichia coli (E. coli) (/100 ml)

(/100 ml)
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(mg/L)
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(mg/L)
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134 III:

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140 III:

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142 III:

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5.
European Commission, Workshop on the Implementation of the Urban Wastewater
Treatment Directive in Rural Areas, Magdeburg, 2001.
Joint Research Centre European Commission, Criteria for the identification of freshwater subjected to Eutrophication, Luxemburg, 2001.
Maury, R. J., L eau dans les pays Mediterranens de l Europe Communautaire, Centre
Interuniversitaire d tudes Mediterranennes, Poitiers, 1990.
Kounis, G., Evaluation of Ground Water Resources of Greece, IGME, Athens 1983.
, .,
, , 1988.
, ., . , , , 1994.
, , ,
1980.
, , 195074, , 1980.
, , 20002001.
, :
, , 1994.
, , , 1985.
,
, , 1996.

5.

143

, ,
2, , , 2003.
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1, , , 2003.
-, (
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, - 1981 1991.
, 1991, , 1995 ().
, 1991, 1995.
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, 17
1991, , 1994.
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, 19941996, 1999.
, 19921993, , 1995 ().
, ,
3, , , 1996.
, 19881992, , , 1989.
, ,
4, , , 1996.
, , T , , , 1980.
, , Monitoring results for substances of
List II 76/464/EEC Directive in the lakes and rivers of Greece during 19981999.
, , , , , , 2003.
, , , , ,
ENVECO , , EXERGIA , 2001.
, ( 91/676/), , , 1999.
, 91/271/
, , , 2002.
, - , , , 1994.

144 III:

 , atura 2000, , 2000.

Y -
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5.

145

146 III:

 IV:

147

148 IV:

01
1.1
1.1.1
7 301 km2.
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314 059 2001 331 180 ,
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(km2)

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(1991)
(1991)
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151

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37

89

82 132 145 104
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21 26 66.6

: & (1989)

434 m3/s
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4.6

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11.8

9.8

9.8 9.1 7.0

: & (1989)

152 IV:

5.9

5.2 4.6 4.4 4.4
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: & (1989)

3. (376 km2).

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728 km2,
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. 4.5 m3/s 400 km2.
, 360 km2. 1.5.
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3.7 3.6 4.2

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5.7 5.3 5.3 5.2 4.6 4.2 4.1 3.9
4.6

: Smyrniotis (1982)

278 km2. ,
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().
(, 0.15 m3/s).


, ,
19811998 19982001
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153

 ,
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19982001 . 95%
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mg/L 41.0 mg/L .

95%
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95%
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154 IV:

, , ( )

( 2/1-2-2001)
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(,
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155

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19811998
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1998.
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19861997 19982001.
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3 mg/L NO3, 0.08 mg/L NH4.

, 1

156 IV:

 ( 75/440/),
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157

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158 IV:


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159

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163

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1.4


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51 990
125 500
-

.
-

10
2
12

203 665
51 990
125 500
381 155

3
2
5

10 902
77 790
88 692

, :
(OD5) = 10 733 tn/
01

165

 (TSS) = 11 904 tn/

O () = 9 385 tn/
() = 806 tn/
, ,
, .
1.13

(km2)
N (t/)
P (t/)

1 126
338
11

&

4 774
2 387
239

1 144
4 578
57

91
46
9

92
11
0

7 228
7 359
316

1.14

BOD (t/)
TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

1 557
1 896
70
2

427
1 052
497
1 770
31
13
2
1

155
186
17
4

1 212
1 476
39
5

4 403
5 825
169
13

, (58%, 48% 59% ),

(20%, 1.10
1.11).
, 23%.

()
, , , , .
( ) 88 692
23% ( 1.12). , .
10 2 000
10 000.
2005,
.
(52%)
.. 2 000. -

166 IV:

 ,
.
.. 15 000 ,

7 10 ,
, .
.

(41%) (49%),
(2%). 35%
, 32% , 41%
12% ,
(28%, 25%, 23% 39% ).
O ( )
( 1.13).
. ,
, , , (
).
39% 78%
. , 66% 16% . 1.13, 32%
75% ,
62% 18%.
1%
3% . (, )
(0.1% 0.2% ). o -
, .
.
.
,
, (. Cr, Cd, Hg, Cu, , , , , , ).
-

01

167

, , .
(Cd, Cr, Ni,
Zn) (PCB).

, .
. , , ( 91/676/).

1.5
1.15
6 V
2000/60/, .
13 (SCI) (SPA).
- .
1.15

&

KAI
, .

-.

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

GR2550008

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

GR2550004

GR2550007

+
+

168 IV:

-.

. ,

.
.

()

O
O
O

(-)

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

GR2550005

GR2550003
GR2330002
GR2330004
GR2550006
GR2520001

GR2550001

GR2330008

GR2330005
GR2330005
GR2330005

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

[1] 91/271/EOK
[2] 91/676/EOK
[3] 92/43/EOK
[4] 79/409/OK
[5] 76/160/EOK

01

169

1.6 -
, 72.6 hm3 ( ).
,
3.55 m3/s 35 m3/s, 20 m3/s
.
40%. ,
, , , 250 hm3/.
1.16 .
1.16 (hm3/)

201
50.3
321
5
0.4
5
23
2.0
26
3
0.3
3
20
1.7
23
252
54.7
378

471
5
26
3
23
528

, .
,
, 100
hm3/ . 50 hm3/ .
40%
. 45%

. 60%
. 25%
,
.
,
.
,
:
-.
.

170 IV:

 .
, 145 hm3/.
.
, 12 hm3/ .
.
:
1. (40 000 ) ( 4
hm3/).
2. (12 000 ) ( 0.15
m3/s).
3. (10 500 ) (
0.5 m3/s).
4. (20 000 2033)
( 0.2 m3/s).

.
. (.. ),
.

1.7
,
. ( ) 4 400 hm3/ ( ). (-)
72.6 hm3. 250 hm3. .
50% .
(300
km2) (300 km2).
850
hm3/. (
2000/60/)
.
,
(.. , ).

01

171

 ,
,
( , NO3, Cl) .


.
, ( ),
. , ,

.
, ,
( -) ,
.
,
, 7 2 000
10 000
. (
) .
, , . ,
.
13
(SCI) (SPA). - .

1.8
Smyrniotis, Ch., Contribution l' tude des sources karstiques d' Agios Floros et
Pidima (Taygte Septentrional-Grce), Thse, Universit des Scinces et Techniques
du Languedoc, 1982.
, 195074, , 1980.
, , 20002001.

172 IV:

Enveco A.E., WLDelft, . , ..., Geomet,

, ,
2005.
, , , 1999.
, ,
, , , 1998.
, 17
1991, 1994.
, 199293, , 1995.
, 19941996, , 1999.
, , , ( 2001), (http://www.statistics.gr/), , 2002.
, ,
3, , , 1996.
, , , 1989.
, , Monitoring results for substances of
List II 76/464/EEC Directive in the lakes and rivers of Greece during 19981999.
, ., , ,
, , 1989.
, ,
, , 1989.
, ( 91/676/), , , 1999.
, 91/271/
, , , 2002.
, - , , , 1994.
, atura 2000, , 2000.
Y -
, ,
, , 2001.

01

173

174 IV:

02
2.1
2.1.1
7 310 km2,
1 309 km2 , .
,
, , , , , , , ,
. 2.1.
, , 1991 562 859
2001 615 288 , 9.3% ( 2001 , 2001
1991).
2.1, ,
(1991).
2.1 (1991, 2001)

(km2)

904
405
2 709
1 901
1 228
163
7 310

100.0%
100.0%
82.8%
83.0%
46.9%
7.6%

(1991)

32 474
32 557
291 577
121 604
83 302
1 345
562 859

(1991)
(2001)

100.0%
100.0%
97.0%
85.7%
46.4%
1.4%

39 488
39 015
313 105
132 513
89 686
1 481
615 288

, , ,
, ,
.
, ,
, II, 2.1.

(
), ( ), (
) .

02

175


,
:

,
(, , , , , , (), ).

& , & , & ,

, . (, )
(, , , )
.

,
,
, .

, :
,

(....),
& .
2.1.2 -
(6002 400 m) , (100600 m) ,
(0100 m) .
, ,
.
.
. :
176 IV:

 .
.
-.
( ) .
.
-.
, , ,
. ,
.
( ).

.
. -.
.

, ,
.
(-).
( , , .).
, , .
2.1.3
( )
, ,
.
(1980)
860 mm. 950 mm. 500 800 mm, 1 000 1 200 mm 1 200 mm
(, 1989). 80 110 .
.
1818.5C
1819C . 16C
18C 1820C .
15C. ( & ,
1989).
2.1.4
(, )
02

177

 (, ) (, ).
(), 19811991. .
, ,
, -
, ,
.
, , , .
,
,
( ).
1991 19%,
34% 47%,
28.5%, 23% 48.5%.
(
).
, , .
.
,
.
,
( )

.
, ,
, -,
, ( 2002),
, .


.
, , - . , ,
178 IV:

 (.. ), .

2.2
2.2.1

. 808 km2.
.

, 868 km2.
,
( ).
(
0.4 m3/s), .
.
(
725 km2) 427 hm3.
2.2.
2.2 , 19611964 (m3/s)

7.04 15.61 38.70 13.46

29.84 23.97 13.40

11.43 5.91 1.46 0.33 1.17 13.52

: , 19611964

(
723 km2) 160 hm3, 198081 ( & , 1989).

600 km2 .
,
, .
( ) .
265 hm3 . 700 m3/h. (,
1982).

808 km2 .
- , -

02

179

 . ,
.

165 km2 39 hm3.
2.3
19551966.
300 km2
.

. 70 hm3. 2.3
.
233 km2
.

. 117 hm3. 2.3
19631968.
149 km2
. ,
, .
69 hm3. 2.3
( 78.9 km2)
19611967.
286 km2 50 hm3
2.3 .
,

.
.
2.3 (m3/s)

1.0

1.2

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.2

1.0

1.1

0.9

0.8

0.9

1.2

1.3

1.5

2.5

2.5

5.2

5.0

3.6

2.9

1.0

0.5

0.3

0.3

2.2

1.1

1.6

4.4

11.8

8.8

6.7

4.1

2.3

1.4

0.8

0.6

0.7

3.7

1.2

1.7

3.5

3.3

3.1

4.1

2.7

1.9

1.6

1.1

1.0

1.0

2.2

0.8

1.6

2.1

2.1

2.4

2.4

2.0

1.8

1.4

1.1

0.7

0.6

1.4

: & (1989)

180 IV:



, , (, , , ).
H

19851997. 20002002.
,
,
, ,
.
19981999 ( ).
.

1985
1989 19911997. , 19851988.
4 : ,
, 20012002.
' . 19851988 0.44 4.08 mg/L NO3 ( ) 1.31 mg/L NO3.
0.025 0.681 mg/L NH4
0.025 mg/L NH4 95% 0.56 mg/L NH4. ,
, . 20012002 , 90% 30 mg/L
NO3, 20mg/L. ,
1.46 mg/L 0.55 mg/L 1 0.4 mg/L P2O5.
5 mg/L,
( ) 10 mg/L.
20012002
.

02

181


.


75/440/
(5.20 meq/L SO4).
, .

( . 2/1-2-2001).

Natura 92/43/.


19901997 , .
.
, (SAR)
.
, ,

.

20002002

(, ), 75/440/
1.


,
.
(NO3, NH4, -)

.

182 IV:

2.2.2

, , ,
() .
,
. ,
,
. :
.
.
400 km2.

.
, , 0.7 m3/s.
6 m3/s.
.
800 km2.

.
, , , . 12.5 m3/s.
.
60 km2. , 2.2 m3/s.
1.2 m3/s.
.
30 km2. .
.
0.5 m3/s.
.
- 180 km2.
( ). 3 m3/s.
. - 120 km2.

. , . 2.5 m3/s. 15%

02

183

 ( ).
-.
- -
200 km2. (
) -. 4 m3/s.
.
300 km2. 4 m3/s.
, , . , , .
, ,
.

(1996).


, , ,
. .


.

.


.
,
. .
,
(.. , ).

184 IV:

 .
.
, - .

o (1993
1994) (19961999),
20042005.
,
, ( , . , 1994),
1993 17 .
:


. ,
.
,
( ) ( , . , 1999), , 29 1996 1999 26 1999. ,

.
, ,
19652/1906/5-08-98, .

() ,
, , pH 20042005.
31 , 23 .
.

02

185


NO3. 1996
1997 ( , . , 1998)
25116 mg/L.
()
(, ). 20042005
, , 3
(0204, 0227, 0238) 20 mg/L. , 2 , 0228
0217 ,
, 170 mg/L 51 mg/L
NO3 .

,
19652/1906/5-08-98, .
, ,
. ( ). , .
-, .

.
0206
.. . 0241 (34.358.5 mg/L NO3). ,
,

.
.

.
(. ),
(. ) (0210, 0213, 0214, 0215, 0208, 0216,
0220, 0225) (0213)
.
, - 186 IV:

 . (0209) , .
, ,
. (0213, 0233) . (0215)
. 20042005 (0233) (0234) ,
, 234 373
mg/L SO4 .

,
, , .., 5000 mg/L.
52.854.6 mg/L 0230
- 1999, 103 mg/L NO3 4.8 mg/L
NH4 0237 . 20042005,
. 0230
83 mg/L 0237 273 mg/L
NO3, (0231 0236)
(50 mg/L NO3), 58
mg/L 152 mg/L NO3 .
,
, ( )
.

. .
. (Kounis, 1986), 100 - 1000 mg/L 500 -1500 mg/L, . , 500 1500 mg/L
500 1000 mg/L.
, ,

02

187

 ,
.
2.2.3


, 5 160 hm3. 34% .
1 760 m3.
2.4

(km2)
(mm)
(hm3)

(hm3)

(hm3)
(hm3)

. . . .
540
633
2 472
2 356
6 001
860
860
860
860
464
544
2 126
2 026
5 160
43%
43%
43%
43%
200
234
914
871
2 219
3%
15%
85%
17
182
982*
1 181
557
1 030
173
1 760

: ( & , 1989)
* , 370 hm3,
.

43% .
57%
. 3%
, 15%
85%
.
97% , 85% 15%
.
2.4.

,

, .
() 97%,
() 15%, () 40%. -

188 IV:

 . 2.5
.
2.5
2

(km )
(mm)
(hm3)
(hm3)


(hm3)
(hm3)

808
950
768
368
K
85%
70
330

96
950
91
45

100%
3
43

405
1 309
950
385
1 244
192
605

50% 50%
85
158
93
14
480

,
.
,
200 m3/h, , 300 m3/h ,
-, 100 m3/h . .
, 300 m3/h
( & , 1989).

, , 237 500 .

( 420 hm3
50 hm3).
(, , .), 159 hm3/ ( & , 1989).
2.1
.

2.3
2.1
.
2.3.1
(1991), 2 075 964
. , 679 293 . 2001
( ) : 111 650, 143 170, 653 625, 1 238 659, 714 900

02

189

628 962. :
7 901, 7 722, 252 449, 523 347, 305 071 260 841.
586 686 , 1991 478 498 322.9
hm3. 10 061 , 9 506 1991 5.8 hm3.
2.6
.
2.6

3
4
5
6

*

-

-
,

-


-

(.)
237 500
5 000
242 500
11 000
2 000
13 000
61 000
5 000
8 000
27 000
356 500
2 000

: & (1989),
* , , - & -

(478 498 , 1991)

(329 500 )
.
. ,
, 100 hm3,
,
.

190 IV:

 2.7 , ,
. 2.8
.
2.7

(.)

70 000

105 000
: (1990), & (1989)

2.8

(.)

20 000

7 500

27 500

. , . & ,
30 000

- ,
33 000

10 000

130 500
: (1995), & (1989)

2.3.2
5.1
hm3/ 1.5 hm3/ . 6.6 hm3/.
1.3 hm3/ .
2.3.3

, ,
. ,
1999, 430 t
.
2.3.4
615 288 .
41.7 hm3. 2.2 hm3/
, 0.3 hm3/
2.5 hm3/ .
17.7 hm3/.

02

191

 .

. ,
.
:

,


-.

2.3.5
20 - ,
4 000 , 2 hm3, .
2.3.6
, , ( ), 22 MW 11.2 GWh .
, .
2.3.7
.
.

2.4


III 2.92.13. 2.9

, 2.102.13 . , 2
2 000 ,
,
.
, :

(OD5) = 20 982 tn/

(TSS) = 23 040 tn/
O () = 13 001 tn/
() = 1 221 tn/

192 IV:

 2.9

BOD (t/)
TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

10 292
9 794
3 396
848

9 083
332

10 588
102
20 982
12 945
301
23 040
507
16
13 001
39
2
1 221

2.10

>2 000

.
<2 000

547 666
161 431
386 235
238 161

BOD
(t/)

TSS
(t/)

N
(t/)

P
(t/)

3321
2475
846
3 651
10 292

3267
2210
1057
3 260
9 794

1177
707
470
1 043
3 396

315
147
168
217
848

2.11

<2 000
2 000 9 999
10 000 14 999
15 000 149 999
150 000

23
8
1

91 866
243 800
212 000

.
-

23
8
1
40

238 161
91 866
243 800
212 000
785 827

1
8
1
12

7 000
199 035
180 200
386 235

2.12

(km2)
N (t/)
P (t/)

889
267
9

&

4 625
2 313
231

1 606
6 423
80

117
59
12

181
22
0

7 418
9 083
332

2 736
3 332
88
12

10 588
12 945
507
39

2.13

BOD (t/)
TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

5 501
6 698
248
5

1 481
1 725
107
6

304
511
4
0

566
679
60
15

02

193

 , ,
, .
, (43%, 45% 58% ),
(17%, 2.9
2.10).
, 59%.

(), . , , , ,
. , , , , ,
, , , 386 235 ( ),
49% ( 2.11). , ,
.
23 2 000
10 000.
2005,
.
(30%)
.. 2 000.
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23 , ,

.
10 000, ,
,
, .
(51%) (56%) ( 2.13),
(34%). 52%
, 49%
14%
,
(26%, 17% 30% ).

194 IV:

O ( )
( 2.12). ,
. , , .
27%
70% .
, 62% 22% .
2.12, 26% 70%

, 71% 24%.
0.51.3% .
(.. )
.
: , ,
, , . , , , .

.


.
.

.
.
,
, .
.
, ,
(
91/676/).

02

195

2.5
2.14
6 V
2000/60/, .
40 (SCI) 9 (SPA), ,
91/676/ , .
2.14

()

,


&
()

E

(ME,
,
)

()

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

GR2330003

GR2530002

GR2330006

GR2210003

GR2220003

GR2320006

196 IV:

[5]

GR2330006

GR2210004

GR2320006
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

()

.
.

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

GR2320001
GR2320001
GR2330007

GR2330007
GR2330007
GR2330007
GR2330007
GR2330007
GR2330007

[5]

GR2320001
GR2320001

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

02

197

.
.
.

[1]

[2]

/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/

198 IV:

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

GR2210002

GR2210002

GR2220004
GR2220004
GR2220004
GR2220004
GR2220004
GR2220004
GR2220004
GR2220004
GR2220004
GR2220004

[5]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

,

,
,

-
-


()

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

/
/
/
/
/

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
GR2320001

GR2220001

GR2220002

GR2320002
GR2320003

GR2320004

GR2320005
GR2320007
GR2320008

GR2330002

GR2530001
GR2530003
GR2530004

GR2320001

GR2220002

GR2320004

GR2320010

[1] 91/271/EOK
[2] 91/676/EOK
[3] 92/43/EOK
[4] 79/409/OK
[5] 76/160/EOK

2.6 -
2.15 .

02

199

 2.15 (hm3) (
)

265
0.5
427
40.0
39
2.4
70
1.3
117
2.1
69
2.9
50
2.9
1 037
52.1

: & (1989)

2.16 .
2.16 (hm3)

395.3
100.0
5.3
0.4
36.7
3.1
3.0
0.3
440.3
103.8

()
458.3
5.3
43.1
3.0
509.7

()
536.3
5.3
43.1
3.0
587.7

. . , .

.
2.7 2.8,
.
2.17
.
2.17 (hm3)

2.9
1.0
2.2
6.1

0.3
0.3
0.6

3.0
0.3
2.5
5.8

200 IV:

6.2
1.3
5.0
12.5

 15 hm3/.
, , ,
.
.
1 hm3

0.3 hm3 .
1.7 hm3 0.5 hm3 .
, .

2.7 ,


, 7.5 hm3. , , ,
( ).
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.
,
.



( , , .).

. .

, ,
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2.8
,

02

201

 - . , .
,
.
5 160 hm3/. 1 760 hm3/.
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1 244 hm3/. 158 hm3/
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,

.

, 400 000 .

(, ).
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, ,
,

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, , 100 hm3 .

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.

( 2000/60/).

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.
,
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2 000 10 000
. (
) .
, .
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40
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.

2.9
Kounis, G. D., Evaluation of vulnerability and quality of groundwater resources in
Greece, IGME, 1986.
, 195074, , 1980.
Enveco A.E., WLDelft, . , ..., Geomet,

, ,
, 2005.

02

203

, 17
1991, , 1994.
, 199293, , 1995.
, -, , , , 1998.
, 19941996, , 1999.
, , , 1999.
, , , ( 2001), (http://www.statistics.gr/), , 2002.
, .,
-, , 1982.
, ,
3, , , 1996.
, , , 1989.
, , Monitoring results for substances of
List II 76/464/EEC Directive in the lakes and rivers of Greece during 19981999.
, ., , ,
2, , , 1989.
, ,
, , 1989.
, 1990.
, - , , , 1994.
, 1995.
, ( 91/676/), , , 1999.
, atura 2000, , 2000.
, 91/271/
, , , 2002.
Y
, ,
, , 2001.

204 IV:

03

3.1
3.1.1
, --,
,
. , ,
. 3.1.
8 477 km2.
, , 1991
277 229 2001 288 285 , 3.8% ( 2001 ,
2001 1991). 3.1, , .
3.1 (1991, 2001)

(km2)

681
95
1 991
2 280
3 430
8 477

17.9%
4.2%
92.4%
51.6%
94.3%

(1991)
(1991)
(2001)

20 791
1 051
96 291
68 259
90 837
277 229

0.6%
0.7%
98.6%
64.8%
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22 198
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104 313
66 137
94 556
288 285

. , .
, ,
, II, 2.1.

(
).

03

205


,
:

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(, , ,
, , , , , , ).

& , & , & ,

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.

, :
,

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3.1.2 -
:
( 6002 400 m) .
. , ,
, -
.
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. ,
(, 1996).

206 IV:

 : 9%
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200 m.
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,
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.
,
- .
, .
3.1.3
,
21 33C 6 15C .
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.
100 120 ,
40 100 .
9 . 30
.
6575% 4766 %
. 4550%
6580%.
3.2
.

03

207

 3.2

(oC)
Tmax (oC)
min (oC)
U (%)
n ()
P (mm)
np
ns
nh
nf

197497
18.5
44.4
-4.0
60.9
2.1
489.3
40.1
0.8
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197997 195597
18.4
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198097

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16.6
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197497
18.2
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13.4
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14.1
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197591
17.7
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17.5
44.0
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60.7
1.5
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0.4

: (1999)
T =
Tmax =
Tmin =
U =
n =
P =
np =
ns =
nh =
nf =

3.1.4
T .
. , (, ,
, , , , , ),
, , .. .

. , .
,
( , , ), 1981
1991. . ,
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,
. , , 19811991.
, , ,
, ,
208 IV:

.
-.

(19811991 0.6%),
. ,
65 . 19912001,
(+3.8%). ,
( 3.8% 19912001).
1991 , 43.5%, 15.2% 41.3%, 33.7%,
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55.4%.
. , 54.4% (1991)
( 27.8%).
: () , , () ( ), ()
. v
o, , . ov o o, ,
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3.2
3.2.1
,
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.

03

209

 ,
-. .
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3.3.
3.3 ( )

( )
( )

(km2)
1 738
533
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276
117
393
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.
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.

()
()

69.3
61.2

109.8
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135.6
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111.1
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89.5
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74.8
43.3

58.5
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38.6
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23.3
6.8

19.9
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22.1
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28.1
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780.6
489.3

()
55.2
78.5
62.9
73.1
55.4
49.8
36.8
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10.7
11.0
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485.3

: (1999)

210 IV:

 19901997 19982001.
4 : , -,
,
. ,
1991
1992 , 19982001
4 .
,
, , , .
19981999 ( ).


, ,
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19982001 95%
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15.1 .
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1 (
75/440/).
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, pH

.
, .

( . 2/1-2-2001).

,
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3.2.2

:
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03

211

 300 hm3
.
, ,
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, --, -, , , -
82 hm3
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, ,
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: , -, , ,
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. 3.5 3.6

.

3.7. . 316 hm3/.
,
, 1 795 hm3/.
,
. :
212 IV:

 (03) (02)
( 4.0 m3/s), 15%
( 0.4 m3/s), 4.4 m3/ s
.
(01) ( 4.0 m3/s)
( 1.0 m3/s),
5.0 m3/s .
3.5

(km2)

(hm3/)

260
175

30
32

--

150
420

65
70

375
100

60
17

37
50
87
1654

5.5
5.5
5.5
290.5

-

-

--

3035
5.8

--
-


-

4.5
9.9
9
1
>20
1.52.0
81.7
130
2400

55
67
1 225

(hm3/)

,
---
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)
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,

4050
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13.5
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1520
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, ,
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, , ,
,
,
, , , ,
, , ,
,

,
(630),
(410), (95),
(10), (80)

1 280
1 652.2

: (1996)

03

213

 3.6


--



-



-

(km2)
52
95
18
275
220
10
62
302
42
80
335

1491

(hm3/)
3.3
5.2
1.5
16.5
22.4
0.4
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43.0
4.5
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: (1996)

3.7

--
-
--
, , ,

, , , ,
, ,
-,
,
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(hm3/)
32
65
4050
6.5
6.7
12
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55
630
410
95
10
80

: (1996)

,
.

214 IV:



, .
, ,
.
.
-
,
,
. .
, , , , , .

, (.. , ). ( ,
).
o
(1993
1994) (19961999),
20042005.
,
, ( , . , 1994),
1993 12 .
:


. 12 , 8 , 1
.
,
( ) ( , . , 1999), -

03

215

 , 19 1996 1999 22 1999.

() ,
, , pH 20042005.
22 , 21 .
.

, . ,
( 0327) 1999 80 mg/L 0.52 mg/L. 20042005, ,
, 352 mg/L
NO3, 2007 S/cm.

.
.
( 0318), 11.5 mg/L 1996 52.4 mg/L 1999, , 20042005
35 53 mg/L .

( 0310) 1993 (157 mg/L) ( 0322
0323) 19961999 (3092 mg/L 70 mg/L),
,
,
.
.
(0323 0324) 20042005
2580 664 mg/L Cl-,
373 mg/L SO4 8618 S/cm .
0322 ( ) 192 mg/L NO3,
228 mg/L Cl-.
- .

216 IV:

 50 mg/L 25 mg/L,
. , 0319 0320 (
) ,
19961999 ( 2754 mg/L) 20042005 ( :
64 68 mg/L NO3),

,

() .
( 0328). ,
10 mg/L.
(
),

,
.
,
.
,
. , ( 0313, 0314 0315)
19961999

50 mg/L 80/778/. 45500 mg/L 100150 mg/L
(
2.53 mg/L),
. (20042005).
, . , 0316 ( ) , 90187
mg/L 140 mg/L. 0317
, 19961997 1785 mg/L 52 mg/L.
( )

( ).

03

217


91/676 .
, ,
,

.
3.2.3
.
3.8.
3.8
-

(.)

.
1 200

1 500
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2 200

2 570
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4 896

-
2 750

5 624
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-
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9 715

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4 000

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2 500
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: .
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600
500
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1 897
230 000*

.


.

218 IV:

3.2.4

3.9.
3.9

(.)
4 000

:
: .

3.10.
3.10 .

(.)

()
()
- -

1 200
200

:
: .

. 3.11.
3.11

(hm3)
12.0
12.0

: (2002)

3.12 .
, , , .

03

219

 3.12

(hm3)
0.800
1.050
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0.360
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1.025
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: (2002)

3.2.5
:


( , , , )

( 02, 01).
( ) 3.12.
. :

( )
( , , , ) .

220 IV:

 ,
.
3.13 ( )
,

(km2)

()
()







( )
( )

02
01

1 738
533
1 659
3 247
907
****
****
****
****
8 084
393
8 477

8 477

-
(hm3)
(hm3)
760
1.60*
192
0**
689
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1 114
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421
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9
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40
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3 175
57
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1
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3 254
56

: .
* .
** .
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.
**** .

3.14
. , 3175 hm3/.
( 3.15).

3273 hm3/. 02 01, 3254 hm3/. 56 hm3 (. 3.12).
3.1
.

03

221

 3.14

(km2)
(mm)
(hm3)

(hm3)
(hm3)

(hm3)
(hm3)

. . . .
1 634
620
1 012
4 818
8 084
788
788
788
788
1 287
489
797
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6 366
50%
50%
50%
50%
645
245
400
1 902
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642
244
398
1 892
3 175
3%
10%
15%
90%
19
24
60
1 703
1 806
622
219
338
189
1 369

3.15
(km2)
(mm)
(hm3)

(hm3)
(hm3)

(hm3)
(hm3)

276.0
18.0
529.3
487.5
146.1
8.8
50%
50%
73.2
4.4
72.9
4.4

60% 40%
100%
37.2
6.6

1.5
27.7

0.2
4.2

40
487.5
19.5
50%
9.8
9.7

100%
0.5
9.2

19
40
393.0
380.9
380.9
7.2
15.2
196.8
50%
50%
3.6
7.6
98.7
3.6
7.6
98.2

50% 50%
100%
1.5
0.3

0.1
1.7

0.4
7.2

41.3
56.8

=
=

3.3
3.1
.
3.3.1
3.14
.

, ,
.
(1995). , 3.16, 500 152 .

222 IV:

 3.16, ,
, 325 hm3 .
3.16 ( )

(.)

73 783
0
228 682
109 237
202 565
614 267

3
0
99
65
99

(.)
2 213
0
226 395
71 004
200 539
500 152

(hm3/)

324.9

: (1995)

o 2001 (
) : 653 625,
628 962, 463 031 822 354.
: 252 449, 260 841, 115 505
318 382.
3.3.2
3.17 . , (1995).
3.17

0
0
100
50
100

0
0
100
50
100

(hm3/)

1
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.4

(hm3/)

(hm3/)

1.1
1
1.4
1.9
1.5

0
0
1.6
1.2
1.9
4.7

3.17, ,
, 4.7 hm3 .
3.3.3
,
4 (, ,

03

223

 , ) 1999 3 000 t
. ,
.
3.3.4
(2002) , 1996, .
3.18. ,
, , 22
hm3 96 hm3 -.
3.18

(hm3)
2.27
0.08
7.97
4.81
6.98
22.11

. (hm3)
1.16
0.03
3.47
2.03
2.95
9.64

3.3.5
(),
.
3.19
(.. )
.
3.19

(hm3/)
0.03
0.03

(/m3)
2.10

3.3.6

.

224 IV:

3.3.7
, ,
, - (rafting).
. ,
,
(, , , ).

3.4

III 3.203.24.
3.20
, 3.213.24 . , 3

2 000 , , .
3.20

BOD (t/)
TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

6 663
6 155
1 970
436

7 939
391

5 715
1 005
13 384
7 129
873
14 158
253
0
10 161
21
0
848

3.21

>2000 .

.
<2000

BOD
(t/)

TSS
(t/)

N
(t/)

P
(t/)

257 424
125 979
131 445
145 138

2 219
1 931
288
2 225
6 663

2 084
1 724
360
1 987
6 155

667
552
115
636
1 970

152
115
37
132
436

, :

(OD5) = 13 384 tn/

(TSS) = 14 158 tn/
O () = 10 161 tn/
() = 848 tn/

, ,
, .

03

225

 3.22

<2 000
2 000 9 999
10 000 14 999
15 000 149 999
150 000

14

69 424

14

145 138
69 424

188 000

5
19

8 633

188 000

122 812

402 562

131 445

3.23

(km2)
N (t/)
P (t/)

712
214
7

&

6 403
3 201
320

1 119
4 475
56

73
37
7

102
12
0

8 409
7 939
391

3.24

BOD (t/)
TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

1 659
2 020
75
2

1 098
1 279
79
5

500
841
6
0

187
225
20
5

2 271
2 766
73
10

5 715
7 129
253
21

(40%), (44%) (51%). (19%). ,
, 33%.

(),
, , , , , .
. ( )
131 445.
, , - ( )

.

226 IV:

 ,
15 000, 14
2 000 10 000.
,

2005,
.
(36%) .. 2 000 (
3.23).
,
. ,
12 14
2 000 10 000 ,

. 2 000 10 000, , ,
, .
(53%) (50%) ( 3.24),
(2.5%). 40%
, 29%
46%
, , ,
(29%).
( )
( 3.20 3.23).

( , ). , , , ,
.
46% 78% .
,
76% 13% . 3.23, 40% 82%
,
56% 14%.
7.5%
6% .
( ) -

03

227

.
(, , ..) .
,

.
. , ,

( 91/676/).

3.5
3.25
6 V
2000/60/, .
3.25

ANTIK

:
,
,

:
,
,

,
,

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

GR2520002

GR2520003

GR2540002

[5]

+
GR2540006

GR3000008

GR3000010

GR3000011

228 IV:

GR3000012

:
,
,
,
,
AK

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

GR3000013
GR2510003

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

03

229

.
.

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+

230 IV:

.
.

(
)

,
,
,
,

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
GR2520001

GR2520005

GR2520006
GR2530004

GR2540001

GR2540005
GR2550006

[1] 91/271/EOK
[2] 91/676/EOK
[3] 92/43/EOK
[4] 79/409/OK
[5] 76/160/EOK

14
(SCI) (SPA),

03

231

 , 91/676/ , . - .

3.6 -

. 3.26 .
3.26 (hm3)

324.9
22.1
4.7
351.7

63.8
3.0
0.6
67.4

.
, ,
, . ( I)
: () () .
. .
( ) 3.26.
3.27 (hm3)

324.9
22.1
4.7
351.7

63.8
3.0
0.6
67.4

811.2
32.0
6.0
849.2

159.0
3.0
0.6
162.6

232 IV:

, ( )
67 hm3 , 163
hm3 .
, . . . ,
.
56 hm3 ( 3.12).
.
,
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. ,
(..
),
.

3.7

, .
.
.
.
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, ,

. .
,

. ,
,
.

03

233

 2 000 .
( ) .
14
(SCI) (SPA),
, .
-
.

3.8
, , 195074, , 1980.
,

UNIPEDE, , , 1995.
, , , , 1999.
Enveco A.E., WLDelft, . , ..., Geomet,

, ,
2005.
, 17
1991, , 1994.
, 199293, , 1995.
, -, , , , 1998.
, 19941996, , 1999.
, , , 1999.
, , , ( 2001), (http://www.statistics.gr/), , 2002.
, ,
3, , , 1996.
, , , 1989.
, , Monitoring results for substances of
List II 76/464/EEC Directive in the lakes and rivers of Greece during 19981999.
, ,
, , 1989.

234 IV:

, - , , , 1994.
, , ( 91/676/), , , 1999.
, atura 2000, , 2000.
, 91/271/
, , , 2002.
Y
, ,
, , 2001.

03

235

236 IV:

04
4.1
4.1.1

, ,
, , , ,
, .
4.1.
10 199 km2, 303
53 , .
, , 1991
305 512 2001 312 516 ,
2.3% ( 2001 ,
2001 1991). 4.1, , (1991) .
4.1

(km2)

1 869
5 362
356
1 219
472
676
241
4
10 199

100%
98%
100%
58%
19%
20%
15%
0.0

(1991)

24 307
226 697
21 111
16 678
7 380
4 931
3 808
0
305 512

(2001)
(1991)

100.0%
99.4%
100.0%
37.7%
6.3%
3.5%
4.8%
0.0

32 053
222 858
22 506
18 251
7 513
4 832
3 750
0
312 516

, , , .
, ,
, , .
, ,
, I, 2.1.

04

237


(
), ( ), ( ),
( ) .

,
:

,
(, ,
, )

.

& , & , & ,

,
21 (, , ).

,
, .

, :
,

(....),
& .
4.1.2 -
,
. , . : 28% -

238 IV:

 1 000 m, 57% 200 1 000 m,

15% 200 m (, 1989).
,
, , ,
. 2 416 m () 1 924 m (). ( 1 728 1 528 m ). , ,
2 325 m (, 1989).
.
, , , .

:
.
.

, .
, .
- .

, .
--.
, .
, .
4.1.3
14C.
18 19C, 20C.
.

. . 800 1 000 mm 1 400 mm ,
1 800 mm. 934 mm 1 751 mm . 1 370 mm.

04

239

 ,
.
.
.
0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.9, 4.9, 23.
.
4 5 , .
120 140 (
128) 80 120 .
65% (65 68%
),
(65% ).
5 6 ,
() 1 , 1 2 (,
1989).
. , , .
,
.
4.1.4
,
. , , . , , ,
.
75% . , 35%, 19%, 46%, 43%, 17% 40%,
1991.
( )
1981, 2001 .
.

, . , ,
(, , ).

240 IV:

 (
, , ), (, ), , , , .
-,
,
, .

4.2
4.2.1
: ,
. . 220 km .
, (, , )
(.. , .).
(), ,
161 km2, ,
( 08),
, , . , , ,
, , (06) .
,
( ). , , .
4.2.
:
: : , , , . : . : , , , .
: , : . : .
: .
: , .
4.3.
,
,
, .

04

241

 .
(1995).
4.2

( . )

(km2)
4 670
1 163
974
402
254
57
121

: & (1995)

4.3

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

(km2)
4 125
4 349
4 812
161
352
892
1 163
587
974
7 110

(mm)
1 398.6
1 398.6
1 344.0
1 300.0
1 250.0
1 282.3
1 085.1

(hm )
3
(hm )
5 769
4 014
0.70
6 083
4 215
0.69
6 467
4 383
0.68
209
147
0.70
439
281
0.64
1 116
718
0.64
1 492
917
0.61
637
237
0.37
1 310
404
0.31
9 478
5 851
0.62

: & (1995), (1995), .. (2002), & (2004), / & (2005)

* , .

, .
207 hm3/ (, 1995).
4.4
.
, .
4.5
.
4.6
,
242 IV:

 .
, . ,

.
4.4 ( )
(hm3)

148.1
155.5
368.3
386.7
628.9
660.3
567.8
596.2
529.4
555.9
512.9
538.5
485.7
510.0
330.8
347.3
172.6
181.2
110.4
115.9
80.4
84.4
78.8
82.7
4 014.1
4 214.8

161.7
402.2
686.7
620.0
578.1
560.0
530.4
361.2
188.4
120.5
87.8
86.0
4 383.4

6.9
21.6
6.7
11.4
27.1
89.7
22.2
37.8
53.7 174.6
39.2
66.6
40.2 127.6
31.1
52.9
43.5 145.8
32.2
54.7
38.1 132.1
31.7
54.0
33.3
99.3
28.7
48.8
19.3
57.5
20.2
34.3
7.7
24.6
9.8
16.7
4.6
14.3
6.4
10.9
3.3
9.9
4.5
7.7
3.4
9.8
4.5
7.7
281.1 917.1
237.4
403.5

: & (1995), & (2004)

4.5 (mm)

() ( .) ()

166.1
122.9
89.2

271.7
211.0
187.2

306.9
207.0
182.3

222.1
140.2
118.8

213.2
163.2
137.1

164.0
116.1
93.7

135.7
112.2
94.5

97.5
71.1
57.4

49.0
40.0
30.2

37.4
30.1
22.2

34.0
28.9
27.4

66.7
39.8
45.0

1 764.4
1 282.3
1085.1
: & (1995), & (2004)

04

243

 4.6 (hm3)

285.7 312.6 378.2 394.7 347.6 307.2 249.7 272.6 270.8 298.4 265.4 275.0 3 657.9
: & (1995)

, , , , , ,
. , , ,
20002004. , , , , , ,
. , .

19981999 ( ).
.


: , -, 19891997 19982001.
,
, 20012004 2001
2002.
. .

(
-) , , .
09.48 mg/L (

244 IV:

) 0.70 mg/L - 0.117.7 mg/L ( ) 2.1 mg/L. 19982001 21.5

mg/L ( ) 6 mg/L.
20012004
, 2 mg/L NO3.
,
( 75/440/). (NO3, NH4, -)
(.. SO4), ,
1.
,
.

(
. 2/1-2-2001).

91/271/ .
,
(
) (7 19982001),

( 1).


19661/1982/1999,
,
.
, , , . (NO3, NH4 )
( , , ) 1 ( 75/440/).

04

245


(NO3, NH4 ) (
, , ) 1 ( 75/440/).
19801997 023.92 mg/L NO3, ( ) 0.44 mg/L NO3 95%
3.65 mg/L NO3. 02.83 mg/L NH4,
0.034 mg/L NH4 95% 0.248 mg/L
NH4. ( 2.0
meq/L),
75/440/.
19982001
4.90 mg/L 1.2 meq/L . ,

(: 0.132 mg/L, P: 0.01 mg/L).

2002,
1 mg/L,
30 g/L. , ,
.

, , . 19982001
1.08.0 mg/L, 95% 7.8 mg/L.
( )
, 3.616.4 mg/L,
( ) 11.3 mg/L 95%
16.2 mg/L. (NO3, NH4 ) (
, , ) 1.


. ,
,
30 g/L 19801997 . .

246 IV:


, 1. 19801997, , (: 0.18 mg/L, P: 0.018 mg/L). 1998
2001 2.19.7 mg/L NO3,
( ) 4.2 mg/L NO3 95% 7.7 mg/L NO3.

95% 19982001 7.6 meq/L,
5.2 meq/L 75/440/ .
95% 1010 mhos/cm
1000 mhos/cm .

(NO3, NH4 )
( , , )
1 ( 75/440/). 19811997,
,
(: 0.28 mg/L, P: 0.022 mg/L).

19801997 19982001, 1 ( 75/440/). , , (: 0.23 mg/L,
P: 0.018 mg/L). , (12.4 meq/L Cl- 1854
mhos/cm 95% ), 75/440/. ,
1989, .
, ,
( ,
, ).

04

247

 , 1 (
75/440/).
.
, , , .
4.2.2
:
. :
-, 250 km2.
,
34 m3/s.
-,
120 km2. ( 1.0 m3/s),
2 m3/s.
, 350
km2.
5 m3/s.
,
350 km2.
. 8 m3/s .
5 m3/s.
-, 60 km2.
, 0.7 m3/s.
,
, 320 km2
,
67 m3/s.
, 3 500 km2.
-, (05).
, , , -

248 IV:

 , (.. ). 70 m3/s.
, , : () , --, () ( -) () .
( &
, 1995, , 1981, , 1984).

4.7. .
4.7

()

(m3/s)
0.6
0.12.5
0.18
4.510.0
0.62.0
5.0
0.5
1.9
0.20.9
0.20.6
0.30
0.34
0.3
1.0

(m3/s)
0.60
1.30
0.18
7.25
1.30
5.00
0.50
1.90
0.55
0.40
0.30
0.34
0.30
1.00
20.92

: (1988)

. ,
.
, , ( ).

04

249



.
(. 1994),

.

, /
,
(.. , , )
.

o (1993
1994) (19961999),
20042005.
,
, ( , . , 1994),
1993 11 .
:


. 11 , 4 ,
1 6
,
( , ).
/ .
,
( ) ( , . , 1999) , , 34 1996 1999 26 1999. ,
/
.

() ,
250 IV:

, , pH 20042005.
37 , 21 .
.
,
, .

(19931999)
NO3, NO2 NH4 . 0408
NO3 1993
65 mg/L , , . H
,

. 25 mg/L
0410 0417. 0410
, 0417 , .
(0410) ,
20042005 1165 mg/L Cl- 2600 S/cm .
20042005 37 50 mg/L, o 25 mg/L
. 0440 , 0446 0416 0417
.
NO3, NO2 NH4
.
, 2 m . .
(Kounis, 1986) 300
mg/L (TDS) 100300 mg/L.
,
04

251

. 300 500 mg/L 1500 mg/L,

500
1000 mg/L.
1000 1500 mg/L, .
,
. 20042005 0423
(296 mg/L Cl-) (1302
S/cm), .
0431
470 mg/L Cl- 2050 S/cm .
, ,
,
.
4.2.3
:
.
4.8. .

( ),
( ).
.
(, , )
. 4.9
,
.
4.8
-
1

(. )

252 IV:

(.)
2 000
1 600
1 000
1 000
5 600

 -
2

(. )

(.)

&

2 200
1 200
750
1 500
2 300
8 500
16 450

, / & .
. &

&

- . , &

6 000
3 000
6 000
2 500
3 000
3 100
3 200
207 650
234 450

, , .

50 000
6 500
6 500
143 200
206 200

. &

6 000
19 000
4 000
1 300
30 300

, ,

6 000
2 200
1 800
14 000
24 000

9 000
7 000
16 000

&

1 750
1 000
2 750
535 750

04

253


. ,
:
. ,
.
. , (
),
.
. , , , ,
.
4.9

.
**
.

(MW)

(hm3)
(hm3)
(GWh)
4 750
3 300
437.0
1 300
1 000
165
320.0
900
80
11
150.0
578
6.6
16
362
286
130.0*
200
138
112
764
630
8.5
48
7 094
4 504
1 052.1
3 042

: (1995), (1995), .. (2002), &

(2004)
* ,
.
** .

4.2.4
,
. ( 2007)
( ,
).
.
, , . 4.10
.
, ,
4.11.

4.12.

254 IV:

 4.10 ( )

(hm3)

(hm3)

358
590
948

228
502
730

(MW)

160
220 (60)
380 (220)

(GWh)

384
527 (154)
911 (538)

: (1995)

,
.

4.11

1
2

(.)
26 000
1 000
27 000

4.12

1
2
3
4
5

(.)
35 000
15 000
25 000
23 700
11 800
110 500

( )

( )

11 + 11 -

*
--

:
* , ,
.

4.2.5

:
( ), ( )

-

04

255

 ,


,

.

,
. ,

. , , , , .
, ,
. , , 46 hm3 . 4.13.
, : ()
, () (.. ), ()
, . ,
,
.
4.13 ,

(km2)
(mm)
(hm3)
(hm3)


(hm3)
(hm3)

294
1100
323
122

80%
156
45

&

45
980
44
18

100%
25
1

339
367
140

181
46

, , .

. , -

256 IV:

 1.0 m3/s 2.7 hm3,

.
-
,
.
,
, .
, . ,
,
(1995) 177 hm3 . .
( ) 4.14.
4.14 ( )

(km2)
()

-

[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]

4 125
300
350
1 163
974

(hm3)

3 658[1](3 058)[2]
207
250
717[4]
154[5]
4 986 (4 386)[6]

(hm3)
298[3]
82
21
12
4
417

.
600 hm3
, , .
200 hm3 ( ).
250 hm3 , 450 hm3, 200 hm3 .
600 hm3 .

1% ,

(, 1991).
400 hm3,
10% ( .., 2002). ,
450 hm3 -,
. , ,
200506,

04

257

406 hm3, 453 hm3.

398 452 hm3, .
4.14 4986 hm3. , 147 hm3 ( .., 2002), 450 hm3
. , , 4986 + 600 = 5586 hm3, 600
hm3, 10.7%, .
4.15 , 8 663 hm3, 5 019 hm3 .
(10 199 km2)
.
, 4.14
. (4 986 hm3 )
(6 981 km2)
(58%) .
4.15

. . . .
2
(km )
4 332
205
137
5 511 10 199
(mm)
1 370
1 370
1 370
1 370
(hm3)
5 921
315
187
7 549 13 973

38%
38%
38%
38%
3
(hm )
2 250
120
71
2 869
5 310
3
(hm )
3 671
195
116
4 681
8 663

3%
3%
15%
75%
(hm3)
110
6
17
3 511
3 644
3
(hm )
3 561
189
99
1 170
5 019
4.1
.

4.3
4.1
.
4.3.1
4.16
.
, -

258 IV:

 , , ,
.
(1995). ,
4.16, 556 406 . 535 750
, 20 656
, , .
4.16, 1995 ( ),
, , 367 hm3 ,
79 hm3 . ,
, 658 mm/, .
4.16
- - - - *
(hm3/)
(.)
(hm3/)
(.)

24 860
513 493
7 950
50 513

100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
20.0%

24 860
513 493
7 950
10 103
556 406

18.3
339.4
4.3
29.2
366.5

: (1995)
* .

4.3.2
4.17
,
.
, (1995).
4.17

(hm3/)

(hm3/)

(hm3/)

100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
20.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%

100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
40.0%
5.0%
40.0%
35.0%

0.1
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.5
1.1
0.7

0.7
4.9
0.2
1.1
1.3
2.2
1.6

0.8
5.8
0.3
0.5
0.1
0.9
0.6
9.0

04

259

 4.17, ,
, 9.0 hm3 .
4.3.3
,
4 (, ,
, ) 1999 3 000
t. .
4.3.4
(1994)
(1 250 000
), . 4.18.
, ,
, 22.4 hm3 8.5 hm3 -.
4.18

3
(hm )
. (hm3)
1.80
0.76
16.61
5.99
1.58
0.68
1.24
0.53
0.54
0.23
0.36
0.15
0.28
0.12
0.00
0.00
22.41
8.46

4.3.5
15%
. 350 000 m3.
4.3.6
4.2.3 4.2.4

( 4.9 4.10).
. ,
260 IV:

 ,

.
4.3.7
,
(, 1996),
, .
(, , )
().
, ,
, -
(rafting). ,
.. , .
.

4.4


III 4.194.23.
4.19 , 4.204.23 . , 4
2 000
, , .
4.19

BOD (t/)
TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

5 404
4 989
1 596
349

7 389
401

14 967
20 371
18 290
23 279
739
9 724
34
784

, :

(OD5) = 20 371 tn/

(TSS) = 23 279 tn/
O () = 9 724 tn/
() = 784 tn/

, ,
, .
04

261

 4.20

>2 000 .

.
<2 000

167 096
62 310
104 786
197 933

BOD
(t/)

TSS
(t/)

N
(t/)

P
(t/)

1 185
955
229
3 034
5 404

1 140
853
287
2 709
4 989

365
273
92
867
1 596

84
57
27
181
349

4.21

<2 000
2 000 9 999
10 000 14 999
15 000 149 999
150 000

14 576

21 200

8
3
1

27 320
34 000
70 000

.
13
3
2

197 933
41 896
34 000
91 200

18

365 029

2
3
2

4 350
31 800
68 636

104 786

73
37
7

495
59
0

10 424
7 389
401

4.22

(km2)
N (t/)
P (t/)

2 486
746
25

&

6 552
3 276
328

818
3 272
41

4.23

BOD (t/)
TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

9 865
12 013
444
10

3 150
3 668
227
13

509
856
6
0

202
242
22
5

1 242
1 512
40
5

14 967
18 290
739
34

(27% 21% ),
(16%, 4.19 4.22).

(45%).
, 29%.

262 IV:


, , , . M
91/271/, - 10 000,
, ,
1998, 2000. , , ,
. , ,
, .
104 786 ( ) 29% ( 4.21).
, 10 000, 13 2 000 10 000 .

2005,
. , (54%) .. 2 000.
.. 15 000 ,
11 13


.
,
.
( 2 000)
.
(74%) (79%)
( 4.23),
(8% 4.5% ).
66% 60%
,
, , (20% 31%
).

04

263

 ( )
( 4.19 4.22).
. , , , . 51% 76%
P N.
, 63% , 24% 8% .
4.22, 44%
44% .
(82%)
.
,
. -
: , , .
.
, ,
.


.
,

.
. , ,

( 91/676/).

4.5
4.24
6 V
2000/60/, .
39 (SCI) 5 (SPA), , , , ,
-, , 264 IV:

 91/271/ , . 19661/1982/1999
5/2280/1983
,
, ,
.
-,
. (-).
, ,
.
4.24

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

[6]
[7]
. &
[8]

/ [9]
/ .

/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/

/
/

/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/

[1]
+
+

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

GR2310001
GR2310009
GR2310010
GR2310006
GR2310008
GR2310007

[5]

GR2310001

+
+
+

GR1440001
GR2240001
GR2310001
GR2310001

GR2310001
GR2310001

+
+
GR2450004

+
+

04

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

265

18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

-
-

-
-
.

.
.

-
2

/
/
/
/
/
/
/

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

266 IV:

[5]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

GR2450004
GR2450004
GR2450004
GR2450004
GR2450004
GR2450005
GR2450006
GR2450007
GR2450008
GR2450009
GR2450010
GR2450004
GR2450004
GR2450004
GR2450004
GR2450004
GR1410001
GR1410002
GR1440002
GR2110002
GR2110005
GR2130007
GR2240002

8
9
10
11
12
13
14

. [10]
.
.

[1]

/
/
/
/

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]
GR2310004
GR2310005
GR2310010
GR2310011
GR2430001
GR2450001
GR2450002

[5]

[1] 91/271/EOK
[2] 91/676/EOK
[3] 92/43/EOK
[4] 79/409/OK
[5] 76/160/EOK
[6] ( )
[7] ( )
[8] ( )
[9] (-) &
[10]

4.6 -

. 4.25 .
4.25 (hm3)

366.5
79.2

22.4
2.3

9.0
0.9

397.9
82.4
.
,
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,
, () , ,
1/4
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04

267

 ,
. 4.26.
4.26

()
535 750
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.
()
20 656
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5 164

.
(hm3)
353
16
369
72
441

.
.

(hm3)
14
-7
7
-3
3

(hm3)
367
10
376
69
444

(hm3)
79
2
81
15
96

, ( )
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4.27 (hm3)

477
22
9
508

103
2
1
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376
22
9
408

81
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1
84

629
22
9
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136
2
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444
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9
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96
2
1
99

. ( ) : ()
82 hm3, , 106 hm3 139 hm3 () , 82 hm3 , 84 hm3
99 hm3 .
417 hm3 ( 4.14). ,
(
).
,
( 10.7%),
,
10.7%
268 IV:

 . ,
. , , , .
, ,
, .

4.7

.
,
, , , ,
.
, (8.1% ) , .
, (2.7% )
.
, 600 hm3, .
.

.
, , .


.
,
.
, ,
.
, , , . -

04

269

 ( ),
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), , .

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2 000 .
39 (SCI) 5
(SPA), ,
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.
, ,
2000/60/.

. , ,
.

4.8
Kounis, G. D., Evaluation of vulnerability and quality of groundwater resources in
Greece, IGME, 1986.
, 195074, , 1980.
,

UNIPEDE, , , 1995.
, 17
1991, 1994.
, 199293, , 1995.
, -, , , , 1998.
270 IV:

, 19941996, , 1999.
, , , 1999.
, , , ( 2001), (http://www.statistics.gr/), , 2002.
, ., . , . , . ,
,
, 2, ,
- , , 2002.
, ., . , ,

, 17, , - , , 2004.
, ,
3, , , 1996.
, , , 1989.
/ & ,

, , , , ,
(04), , 04-A-II-1, , 2005.
/ & ,

, , , , ,
(04),
, , 2006.
, ., - ,, , 28, , , 1984.
, ., . , . , . , . ,
. , . , . , . , . , . ,
20022003, , 14, , - , ,
2002.
, ., . , , 32, , , , , 1995.
, ., . ,
, 20, , , , ,
1995.

04

271

, ., . ,
, 10, , , , ,
1992.
, , Monitoring results for substances of
List II 76/464/EEC Directive in the lakes and rivers of Greece during 19981999.
, ., , ,
, 38, , , 1981.
, ., , , , , 1988.
, ., , , , , , 1988.
, ,
, , 1989.
, 2030.
, 8976701, , , . , , .
, , . , .
1991.
, - , , , 1994.
, , ,
(--
), : , . . & .., 1995.
, ( 91/676/), , , 1999.
, atura 2000, , 2000.
, 91/271/
, , , 2002.

272 IV:

05
5.1
5.1.1
10 026 km2, 641 km2
.
, , , , , .
. 5.1.
, , 1991 445 658
2001 464 093 , 4.1% ( 2001 , 2001
1991).

5.1.
5.1 (1991, 2001)

(km2)

1 515
641
1 036
1 421
4 934
214
166
99
10 026

100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
85.5%
98.9%
12.4%
7.2%
1.6%

(1991)
(2001)
(1991)

44 188
107 592
58 628
74 911
157 589
982
285
1 483
445 658

100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
95.2%
99.6%
1.9%
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46 091
111 975
59 356
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997
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1 459
464 093

,
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, I, 2.1.

05

273


(
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) .

,
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(....),
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274 IV:

5.1.2
,
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(2 617 m), (2 500 m), (2 500 m),
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:

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05

275

5.1.3
, . , . . .
10C 18C
.
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1 000
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0.6
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70 75%.
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,
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).
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2001 1950,
19912001 (4.3%), .
. (, , ),
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.
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276 IV:

 , , . , , (, , , ,
).
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), ,
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-
.

5.2
5.2.1
, , , , , , , . .

, ,
. 70
km, 260 km.
, , 52 m3/s. ,
,
, .
70
m3/s, 2200 hm3. 1990
, 1.5 m3/s .
5.2
( 2 154 km2)
.
5.2
, 19511988

25.8
151.8

69.2
246.4

100.7
254.7

105.7
231.7

125.5
195.5

120.0
155.6

116.2
129.2

74.7
109.9

44.6
69.3

26.8
33.1

20.6
39.9

15.5
78.4

: (1993)
m3/s mm.

05

277


. 115 km 54.2 m3/s.
1 900 km2 (>99%) ,
2 198 m. , , , , , , ,
. , 22 km2, 455 m 35 m.
, , . ,
.
5.3
, 1 520 km2,
.
53.5 m3/s, 1 025 mm. ,
50% (
), 1900 hm3.
5.3 , 1951
1988

23.9
163.9

66.1
271.4

93.2
274.1

96.1
232.8

105.5
211.2

84.2
157.9

63.1
114.7

37.3
89.9

24.6
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17.7
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15.2
29.7

15.1
84

: (1993)
m3/s mm.

(),
,
. , ,
2 000 km2 2 080 hm3 (66 m3/s).
, 1981, , .
5.4
, 1 820.6 km2, . 5.5
.
50%
( ),
2280 hm3.

278 IV:

 5.4 , 1951
1988

24.8
170.1

71.7
271.3

113.7
284.8

122.7
256.8

140.0
222.8

117.6
165.8

100.3
136.9

56.8
110.4

31.5
65.7

19.0
37.5

14.3
39.2

13.4
79

: (1993)
m3/s mm.

5.5 , 1985 (m3/s)

17.6

130.7
87.8
137.7
: (1993)

88.1

99.3

77.0

58.4

26.1

14.8

18.2

24.9

( 961 km2), , , (
), (4 m3/s)
. ,
.
,
.
0.25 km2, 49 m 70 m.
24.8 m3/s. 5.6
, 520 km2, . 50%
( ),
1100 hm3.
5.6 , 19511988

15.4
169.9

23.4
272.9

30.0
294.4

33.5
261

38.2
224.1

33.4
163.7

30.2
115.8

24.4
92.1

21.1
52.1

17.6
30.3

15.7
31.7

14.9
77.3

: (1993)
m3/s mm.

( 720 km2) .
52 km,
5 550 m3/s .

05

279

 , .
12.5 m3/s.
5.7 , 315 km2,
. 50%
( ), 650
hm3.
5.7 , 1951
1988

5.4
185.1

15.1
284.7

21.5
302.3

21.8
256.5

24.5
234.2

20.6
174.5

16.5
122.5

9.6
101

5.6
55

3.6
28.6

2.8
32.9

2.8
91.8

: (1993)
m3/s mm.

(531 km2), ,
22 km2, 470 m 10.8 m.

. , , , ,
. (
), , 5.8.
5.8 , 1951
1988

1.99
152.8

5.17
254.1

7.19
259.5

7.38
232.4

8.91
198.7

8.74
153.8

8.35
115.0

5.28
96.9

3.42
61.5

2.29
31.8

1.74
33.6

1.50
76.2

: (1993)
m3/s mm.

, 180 km2,
.
,
40 km , 9 m3/s.
254 km2.

280 IV:


H
, , , , , , , 19811997 19982001,
20002002
2000 - 2001.
,
, ,
, , , .
, . 19981999 ( ).

, . ,
.

: , ,
, , 19881997.
(, SAR, )
. ,
, ,
1,
( 75/440/). 1.95 6.44 mg/L NO3.
0.022 0.086 mg/L NH4 0.01 - 0.052 mg/L -. ,
( )
75/440/,
. 19982001

0.1 14.4
meq/L SO4 95% 14.2 meq/L 6.8 meq/L SO4
.
, (,
SAR, ) -

05

281

 .
,

, 1,
( 75/440/).
, 20002002
75/440/ .

, ( ) ( )
75/440/
(5.2 meq/L SO4).

4.2 12.3 meq/L SO4 95% 11.9 meq/L SO4,
( ) 95%
19982001 9.0 meq/L SO4.
95%
19982001, 14.0
mg/L Cl- 2648 mhos/cm .
(
) .

.
20012002 200 g/L P.
( 30% ). , (NO3, NH4 ) (
, , ) 1 ( 75/440/).
20012002 0
18.2 mg/L NO3, 0 1.0 mg/L
NH4 0.28 mg/L NH4. , , ,
,
.

. 2/1-2-2001. .

282 IV:

5.2.2

, .
,
.

, .
, (19801982),
.


.
(, , , ).

650 km2 25 m3/s,
5 m3/s .

, 3.5 m3/s.

:
.
- ,

. 160 km2 6 m3/s, 1.5 m3/s .
.
1 400 m.
, .
(, , ).
210 km2 8
m3/s.

05

283



. , .
:
, , , .
300 km2
, 10 m3/s.
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.
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:
, .
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:
, -

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.
70 km2, 2.5 m3/s.

,
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508 km2.

, , , ,
284 IV:

 5.16 m3/s 150 km2,

,
9.75 m3/s, 14.91 m3/s.


.
, , :
,

, : ( ), ( )
( ).
, -

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, , .
50% -

, , . ,
,
. , , .
400 km2 15 m3/s.

. :
,

.
,

.
,

( 170 km2 5 m3/s) ( 50 km2 0.75 m3/s).

,

.
450 km2 15 m3/s.
05

285


,
.
,
.
150 km2 5 m3/s.

.
, , . 90 km2
3.5 m3/s,
.

.
, .
, , , .
, . ,
.

,
.
o (19931994) (19961999),
20042005 29 .
,
, ( , . , 1994),
1993 11 .

286 IV:

 :


. 11 , 2
9 ( ).
, .
,
( ) ( , . , 1999), , 30 1996 1999 28 1999. 8
.

() ,
, , pH 20042005.
29 , 24 .
.
,

. ( 0521)
1998- 1999 50 mg/L,
100120 mg/L. 2004
2005 108 134 mg/L NO3
. 0525 1999
6.0 1.8 mg/L,
.
( 0534) 19961999 20042005 ( 113 mg/L 146 mg/L NO3).
( , , ...) , .
-

05

287


. .
, .
91/676 .
19961999
, ,

.

. ,
.
(20042005)
.
.


, ,
.


.
(Kounis, 1986),
300500 mg/L (TDS) 500 -1000 mg/L.

1500 1000 mg/L, .
100 - 1000 mg/L 500 -1500 mg/L, .
,
300500 mg/L 5001500 mg/L, . , , , , .

288 IV:

 5
. (1994)

8200000 m3 :

TDS = 1000 mg/L

SO4 = 200 mg/L
Cl = 200 mg/L
= 450 mg/L CaCO3
Ca = 100 mg/L
Mg = 50 mg/L

, ,

.
5.2.3

( ). 15 956 hm3, 1 090
hm3, , 5.9 5.10.
, 5 550 hm3/ 388 hm3/
.
5.9

(km )
(mm)
(hm3)

(hm3)

(hm3)
(hm3)

. . . .
3 688
643
1 233
3 821
1 700
1 700
1 700
7 364
2 096
6 496
40%
40%
40%
2 946
838
2 598
3%
15%
95%
133
189
3 703
4 286
1 069
195

9 385
15 956
6 382
4 024
5 550

60% , 40%
. 3%
, 15% , 95%
. 97%
05

289

 ,
85% , 5% .
5.10

(km )
(mm)
(hm3)

(hm3)

(hm3)
.
(hm3)

. . . .
14
290
86
251
1 700
1 700
1 700
517
146
427
40%
40%
40%
207
58
171
3%
15%
95%
9
13
243
97%
85%
5%
301
75
13

641
1 090
436
266
388

5.5.
5.1
.

5.3
5.1
.
5.3.1
(1993), 1990 253 241 , / &
, (2001), 305 000 .
5.11. (1993) 1991 127.4 hm3,
, , . 503
mm. , 20%, . ,
, 153.5 hm3,
33.7 hm3.

290 IV:

 5.11 2001
()

198 334
108 100
85 710
95 995
4 000
492 139

115 189
71 270
59 495
55 204
4 000
305 158

,
, 160 000 .
, , (
135 000 ), . (),
() , , ,
,
.
, ,
5.12.
5.3.2
(2000), / &
10.3 hm3,
(9.9 hm3),
1991. , 0.4 hm3/
.
5.3.3
/ &
(2005), , .
( ),
, . , .
5 , 1600 tn/, . 4 , 310 tn/, . 6
, 1230 tn/. ,
, 200 tn/.
(1993),
5.5 hm3/ 1990, 9.5 hm3/
10.9 hm3/ .

05

291

 5.12 (, 2001)
/

22 680

21 480

, , ,

52 465

20 547

57 000
33 000

43 500
14 500

44 350

27 700

25 000
89 800
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10 500
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2
3

4
5

( , )

(.)

(.)

5.3.4
5.13.
5.13 (hm3)

25
8.85

-
14.58
4.04

3.00
1.00

:
--,


.
, , .
. . , ( 3
hm3), .
5.3.5
.
,
0.73 hm3/. ,
292 IV:

 4.3 hm3 (/ &

, 2005).
5.3.6
/ & 801 GWh . (1993), 1 289 GWh 2 454 GWh .

20 m3/s, 8 m3/s,
1 m3/s.
5.14

(MW)

3
3
(hm )
(hm )
(GWh)
0.7
0.7
5.3
52
300.0
260.0
220.0
200
750.0
400.0
300.0
504
4.8
4.8
33.0
45
1 055.5
665.5
558.3
801

,
5.14, :
/
/ I II
/ , .
:
/ ,
/
/ / .
:
/ -,
/
/ ,

/ , .

05

293

5.4

III
5.155.19. 5.15

, 5.165.19
. , 5 2 000 ,
, .
5.15

BOD (t/)
TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

8 077
7 471
2 759
605

35 141
180
43 397
42 843
30
50 344
1 455
37
11 385
108
4
1 111

7 134
394

5.16

>2 000 .

.
<2 000

BOD
(t/)

TSS
(t/)

N
(t/)

P
(t/)

2 101
1 737
364
3 875
8 077

2 006
1 551
455
3 460
7 471

826
496
330
1 107
2 759

187
103
84
231
605

340 602
113 286
227 316
252 797

5.17

<2 000
2 000 9 999
10 000 14 999
15 000 149 999
150 000

11
1
5

37 362
10 271
245 645

15 324

32 000

.
16
1
6

252 797
52 686
10 271
277 645

23

593 399

9 937

217 379

227 316

, :
(OD5) = 43 397 tn/
(TSS) = 50 344 tn/
O () = 11 385 tn/
294 IV:

 () = 1 111 tn/
, ,
, .
5.18

(km2)
N (t/)
P (t/)

2 496
749
25

&

6 316
3 158
316

782
3 127
39

138
69
14

267
32
0

9 998
7 134
394

17 423
21 217
562
75

35 141
42 843
1 455
108

5.19

BOD (t/)
TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

13 039
15 877
587
13

3 997
4 654
288
17

573
964
7
0

110
132
12
3

(19%, 15% 24% , 5.155.16). (54%).

, 38%.
,
. M 91/271/,
- 10 000 , , 1998,
2000.
, , , , , , .
,
( , , ). , , .
227 316 ( ) 38%
( 5.17).
05

295

 , 10 000, 16 2 000 10 000 .

2005,
. , (43%) .. 2 000.
,
( 10 000), , 13
16 . ,
, , , .
(81%) (85%), ( 5.15 5.19),
(13% 10% ). 50%
,
, 37% ( 5.19),
(11%).

( 5.18). E .
.
, ,

36% 63% P N.
,
63% , 25%
8% . 5.18,
44% 44% . (80%) .
. 0.3%
. -

296 IV:

 (0.8%
2.7% ).
. : , , . , ( ) .

. , , .
,

.
. , ,

( 91/676/).

5.5
5.20
6 V 2000/60/,
.
5.20

(
)

()

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

GR2130005
+

GR2110001
+

GR2120001
GR2120002

GR2120003
GR2120004

GR2120002

05

297

(
)

()

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

GR2120004

GR2230001

GR2230001

GR2230002

GR2230007

GR2110004
GR2230004

GR2120005

GR2140003

+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

298 IV:

-()

.
.
.
.

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

GR2140003

GR2230005

GR2220005

+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+

GR2230003

GR2230003

05

299

-
-

()

-

()

[1]

[2]

GR2230005
GR2230005
GR2230005

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]
+
+
+
+
+
+

GR2220005
GR2220005
GR2220005

+
GR1310001

GR1310002

GR1310003

GR1320002

GR2110002

GR2130001

GR2130002

GR2130004
GR2130006

GR2130007
GR2130008

GR2130001

[1] 91/271/EOK
[2] 91/676/EOK
[3] 92/43/EOK
[4] 79/409/OK
[5] 76/160/EOK

27 (SCI) 8
(SPA), , ( )
, 91/271/
, .
( ) , , , 91/676/ ,
.

300 IV:

5.6 -

(, , ,
).
, .

5.21 5.22. ,
, , ,
.

, 20 m3/s.
5.21
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2 200
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05

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05

303

 , -,
.

5.9
Kounis, G. D., Evaluation of vulnerability and quality of groundwater resources in
Greece, IGME, 1986.
, 195074, , 1980.
, , 20002001.
,
, , 1984.
, 17
1991, ,1994.
, 199293, , 1995.
, -, , , , 1998.
, 19941996, , 1999.
, , , ( 2001), (http://www.statistics.gr/), , 2002.
, ,
3, , , 1996.
, , , 1989.
/ & ,

, , , , ,
(05), , 04A-II-1, , 2005.
/ & ,

, , , , ,
(05), ,
, 2006.
, , Monitoring results for substances of
List II 76/464/EEC Directive in the lakes and rivers of Greece during 19981999.
, - , , 1989.
,
, , 1993.

304 IV:

, ( 91/676/), , , 1999.
, 91/271/
, , , 2002.
, - , , , 1994.
, atura 2000, , 2000.
Y
, ,
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05

305

306 IV:

06
6.1
6.1.1
,
, ,
. 3 207 km2. 6.1. ,
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2001
1991). 6.1, ,
.
6.1 (1991, 2001)

(km2)
(1991)
(1991)
(2001)

2 850
43
295
19
3 207

74.9%
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3 483 299
257
19 168
3 502 724

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3 716 668
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3 737 959

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06

307

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308 IV:

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(hr)

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06

309

 ,
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310 IV:

 ,
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. 41 hm3,
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06

311

. (1996), 50 hm3/.
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(km2)

(hm3/)

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250
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312 IV:

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o (19931994) (19961999), 1976 (Kounis, 1986).
20042005.
,
( , . , 1994),
- 1993 9 . :
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, 4 , 2 , 1 2
. 5 4 .
,
( ) ( , . , 1999), , 22 1996 1999 18 1999. , (, ), (, ,
), .

() ,
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24 , 18 .
.

06

313

 , , .

400500 mg/L. ,
.
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.

:

: 5001000 mg/L
: 5001500 mg/L
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/
500 mg/L.
, , , , , . .


. ,
27144 mg/L ( 0607, 0621 0622). , ,
,
.


.

314 IV:

 . 56 mg/L.
.

, , .
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: 300500 mg/L
: 5001000 mg/L
: 201500 mg/L
: 50300 mg/L
: 10110 mg/L
: 50250 mg/L

,
.
1500 mg/L 1000 mg/L, . .
-
.
35264 mg/L (
0610, 0611, 0612, 0613, 0615 0616). 0612 ( ) 0.21.6 mg/L,

.

(29113 mg/L 0601 0619), , ,
. 0617 (4251
mg/L).
50300
mg/L 50400 mg/L.
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. , 06

315


. ,
.
20042005,
, 11 25 mg/L (29 262
mg/L). ,
( 300 mg/L Cl- , 150 mg/L SO4
1500 S/cm ).

:
: 5001500 mg/L
: 5005000 mg/L
: 1501600 mg/L

.
19961999 20042005 ,
345 mg/L.
( 759
mg/L Cl-) ( 150 mg/L SO4 3000 S/cm ).

.

-,
.
300
1000 mg/L 5001500 mg/L. , 1000 6000 mg/L.
100450 mg/L
2003500 mg/L , .

50 mg/L. (, ) 300 mg/L.
316 IV:

 0605 19961999 63.6323.4 mg/L .

, , .
.

: 1001000 mg/L
: 1001500 mg/L
: 2504000 mg/L
: 50160 mg/L
: 20600

4000 mg/L 1500 mg/L, .
40 mg/L 150 mg/L.
, 350 mg/L.

300500 mg/L 5001000 mg/L, .

500 mg/L.
, , , .
20042005 3
71150 mg/L NO3. 50 mg/L .
,
.
, ,

.
06

317

6.2.3

. , ,
,
, .
,
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, , . , , .
,
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,
.
,
.

1.95 hm3/. :
, 0.45 hm3/,
0.54 hm3/
, 0.61 hm3/,
0.80 hm3/
, 0.20 hm3/,
0.31 hm3/
, 0.20 hm3/,
0.30 hm3/.
,
,
. - , , , ., 300 .
6.2.4
, ,
120 mm ( & , 2004).
512 mm, (, 1980). ,

318 IV:

 6.4. ,
1 642 hm3 251 hm3.
6.4

. . . .
2
(km )
567
818
446
1 376
(mm)
512
512
512
512
3
(hm )
290
419
228
705
(hm3)
203
293
160
494

2%
2%
10%
30%
3
(hm )
6
8
23
204
3
(hm )
81
117
46
7

3 207
1 642
1 150
241
251

(, ), 6.5.
6.5 -
2

(km )
(mm)
(hm3)
(hm3)
*

(hm3)
(hm3)

95
349
33.2
26.2

60%
4.1
2.9

83
349
29.0
22.9

40%
1.0
5.1

178
62.2
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5.1
8.0

* : , :

6.1
.

6.3
6.1
.
6.3.1
695 km2.
136 km2 , 119 km2 1991.
( ) ( & , 2003, 5 8), 99 hm3. , ,
.

06

319

6.3.2
( ) ( & , 2003, 9, 10 11), 2.5 hm3.
6.3.3
,
4 (, ,
, ) 1999 642 t. .
6.3.4
.
( )

. ,
,
.
, 400 hm3, 40 hm3. ,
(.. -,
),
5%,
420 hm3 (42 hm3 ).
6.6
, .
1955, 1980 1996 ( 2000).
6.7
19822005.
,
,
. , 40 hm3/ ( .., 2002) 6.7 ,
. (
)
(
). 6.7 .

320 IV:

 6.6

193040
194050
195060
196070
197080
198090
199000
200005

(hm3)
17.2
21.6
39.6
98.6
191.4
306.5
316.0
402.0

6.7 (hm3)

1982
98.6
239.8
273.9
1983
60.4
213.6
261.3
1984
42.6
253.2
275.0
1985
9.8
363.1
291.3
1986
13.3
358.2
306.4
1987
53.6
335.1
328.6
1988 149.9
241.9
361.7
1989 202.0
227.1
370.0
1990 149.8
207.9
326.5
1991 146.5
179.2
323.8
1992 147.0
164.5
28
330.9
1993
56.7
112.4
93
245.7
1994 119.8
46.5
94
260.8
1995 110.4
118.0
50
280.2
1996
13.1
277.1
307.4
1997
4.7
330.2
319.4
1998
2.9
340.4
339.7
1999
3.3
387.8
357.0
2000
2.6
434.4
385.8
2001
98.4
313.3
23
411.9
2002
24.8
381.4
409.7
2003
7.0
447.0
401.9
2004
2.9
451.8
397.6
2005
5.7
452.8
405.1
:

6.3.5

1995 17.5 hm3, 1.5 hm3 ( ).
06

321

6.3.6

.
,
.
6.3.7
( ), ( ), (), (, 1988, 1996).
6.3.8
. , , . 6.8 .
6.8 (hm3)

99.0
420.0
17.5
2.5
539.0

20.0
42.0
1.5
0.5
64.0

6.3.9
,
. 6.6, 1970
1960, 50% 1980. 6.7,
20 ,
1983, 1990 1993. 1983 , 199093

.
,
.
( 1990,
),

322 IV:

,
420 hm3. ( .., 2002).
,
, , , ,
.
450 000 , 1 500 000. 17.5 66.5 hm3 ( .., 2002).
, ( I). ,
,
, 6.3 hm3.
,
221.1 hm3 , ,
.
(-) 10%
.

6.4
.

. 8090%

. .
. , ,

. ,

.
. , -

06

323

.
.

6.96.13. 6.9 , 6.106.13 . , 6
2 000
, ,
.
6.9

BOD (t/)
TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

39 907
44 513
16 609
9 184

4 214
3 585
47 706
5 141
8 830
58 484
167
176
19 041
14
35
9 400

2 089
167

6.10

>2 000 .

.
<2 000

6 153 248
475 894
5 677 354
29 339

BOD
(t/)

TSS
(t/)

N
(t/)

P
(t/)

19 729
7 295
12 433
450
39 907

22 056
6 514
15 542
402
44 513

8 240
2 084
6 156
129
16 609

4 579
434
4 144
27
9 184

6.11

<2 000
2 000 9 999
10 000 14 999
15 000 149 999
150 000

28
5
6
1

136 194
62 985
205 550
450 000

18 519

1
1

80 000
5 200 000

.
33
5
7
2
47

29 339
154 713
62 985
285 550
5 650 000
6 182 587

17 993

1
2
6

9 361
5 650 000
5 677 354

, :
(OD5) = 47 706 tn/
(TSS) = 58 484 tn/
O () = 19 041 tn/
324 IV:

 () = 9 400 tn/
, ,
.
6.12

(km2)
N (t/)
P (t/)

410
123
4

&

1 953
976
98

176
703
9

561
280
56

51
6
0

3 150
2 089
167

6.13

BOD (t/)
TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

1 480
1 802
67
1

260
303
19
1

52
88
1
0

34
41
4
1

2 388
2 908
77
10

4 214
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167
14

, , (84%, 76%, 87% 98% ).

.
,
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91/271/, - 10 000
, ,
1998, 2000.
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,
.
, , 06

325


,
.
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, 150 000, 4
15 000 150 000 ,
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2000,
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, , 10 000
150 000, ,
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(9%), (9%),
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, , ,
(35%, 40% 11% ).
( )
( 6.12). - ( ), .
.
2% 11% P N.

(15%)
.

326 IV:

 20%
.
,
, .


.
(1980)
(, , , .) ( , . ).


.
(, , ) . .
,
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. M
91/271/, - 10 000,
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1998, 2000.
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,
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.

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-

06

327

 ,
.

150 000, 17 15 000 150 000 . ,
, (. , , , , , . ,
.), . , 2000,
, ..
500 000 .
2 000 15 000
( 1%) .
6.14

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

GR3000006

328 IV:

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

GR3000004

+
+
+
+
+
+

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

+
+
+

+
+
+
+

GR3000005

+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

06

329

A17

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

GR2530005
GR3000001

GR3000006

GR3000001

[1] 91/271/EOK
[2] 91/676/EOK
[3] 92/43/EOK
[4] 79/409/OK
[5] 76/160/EOK

6.5
6.14

330 IV:

 6 V 2000/60/,
.
6 (SCI)
(SPA),
,
91/271/ ,
.
19661/1982/1999 ,
.
(
) .

6.6 -
1955
, .
, ,
. , 6.4 6.8
(539 hm3) (251 hm3),
(492 hm3). , , .

6.7
,
( ,
). .
(, .).
, , 400 hm3.
.

250 hm3
. , , .

06

331


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. , (, ) .
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.

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332 IV:

 ,
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,
, ,
1994 2002, , , .

, ( )
.

.

,

.
,
,
.
6 (SCI)
(SPA),
, .

6.8
Kounis, G. D., Evaluation of vulnerability and quality of groundwater resources in
Greece, IGME, 1986.
, 195074, , 1980.
, ,
1, , , 2003.
, 17
1991, , 1994.
, 199293, , 1995.
, -, , , , 1998.
, 19941996, , 1999.
, , , 1999.

06

333

, , , ( 2001), (http://www.statistics.gr/), , 2002.

, ( ), : Knight Pisold, , 1996.
, ., . , ,

, 17, , - , , 2004.
, .,
, 4,
, , 1988.
, ,
3, , , 1996.
, , , 1989.
, ., ,
, . 34, , , 1981.
, ., . , . , . , . ,
. , . , . , . , . , . ,
20022003, , 14, , - , ,
2002.
, ., . , . , , 18, ,
, , , 1990.
, ., . ,
, , , , 1995.
, , Monitoring results for substances of
List II 76/464/EEC Directive in the lakes and rivers of Greece during 19981999.
, , , , , 1980.
, ., , , , , , 1988.
, ,
, , 1989.
, - , , , 1994.
, ( 91/676/), , , 1999.
334 IV:

 , atura 2000, , 2000.

, 91/271/
, , , 2002.
Y
, ,
, , 2001.

06

335

336 IV:

07

7.1
7.1.1
, , .
12 341 km2. 7.1. , , 1991 560 924 2001 577 955 , 3.0% (
2001 , 2001
1991). 24.2%, 28.4%,
47.4%. 7.1, ,

.
7.1 (1991, 2001)

(km2)

393
3 700
889
2 917
4 167
274
12 341

14.9%
83.1%
41.9%
98.5%
100.0%
7.2%

(1991)

15 676
156 239
27 505
133 851
208 408
19 317
560 924

(1991)
(2001)

7.9%
91.2%
62.2%
99.8%
100.0%
0.6%

16 353
163 039
30 033
130 823
215 136
22 571
577 955

,
, . , ( ) ,
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, I, 2.1.
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.

07

337


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)
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(....),

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7.1.2 -
. 2 000 m
( 2 510 m, 2 457 m, 2 437 m 2 152 m),
1 000 2 000 m.
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271 m 146 m (, 1988).

338 IV:

 , ,
. , , , ,
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7.1.3
, .
500 mm 1 200
mm ,
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.
11C 18C, . 7.2
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(C)
(mm)
(hr)

17.2
582
2 693
64%
85
75
3.6
0.4

18.1
436
2 452
67%
63
70
2.8
1.1

17.9
576
72%
50
54
3.2
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17.3
573
2 689
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07

339

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7.2
7.2.1
( 600 km2) (1 956 km2), (1 830 km2) (724 km2).
, 600 km2, (494 km2), -,
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,
.

,
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, 1968 .
1 956 km2 481 m.
,
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340 IV:

 50%,
, ( ) .
, , . ,
. ,
. 418 km2 76 km2,
212 m 237 m, .

13 197071 199192
( .., 2004). 7.3 mm hm3.
(
, 1907). 190607 200203 96
206.0
mm 386.5 hm3 ( & , 2004). 192021 ( & , 1995)
( , ).
, 197071 200203,
7.3.
, , ( ) ,
. ,
. ,

( , , 95 hm3, 19762003).
7.3,
285.9 hm3 , 146.1 mm
. ,
. ,
(. 7.2.2), , (1996),
500 hm3.
(BEMERMHN),
19821993 ( & , 1993), 07

341

 ( & , 1993). .. (1986), .. (1994)

(1994). (260 hm3)
, 285.9 hm3 (
).
( , -) .
7.3 ( 196667
200203) (. 197071 200203)

3
(mm) (hm3)
(mm)
(hm )
88.7
173.5
7.4
14.4
127.0
248.4
10.9
21.3
144.9
283.4
16.3
31.9
122.3
239.2
23.3
45.5
110.7
216.6
24.6
48.1
101.4
198.4
29.0
56.7
57.1
111.8
20.1
39.4
39.3
76.8
8.5
16.6
20.2
39.5
2.0
4.0
16.9
33.0
0.3
0.5
20.8
40.7
0.5
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, ( .., 2006), . T
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19841994, (
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342 IV:

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185 hm3, 1085 hm3 63.5% .
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112.6
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346 IV:

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19961999 (NO3: 670 mg/L, NH4: 0.51.0 mg/L),
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), .

892
mg/L 0.42.0 mg/L . ( 86 mg/L) . 0715
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07

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07

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30 000
20 000
16 000
180 000
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38 000
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11 000
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07

355

 .
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1 110.7 hm3, 4 510 km2.

(, ,
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356 IV:

 7.1
.

7.3
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358 IV:

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219 401
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3 265
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362 IV:

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364 IV:

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366 IV:

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7.6 -
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7.8
Efstratiadis, A., A. Koukouvinos, E. Rozos, I. Nalbantis, and D. Koutsoyiannis, Control
of uncertainty in complex hydrological models via appropriate schematization,
parameterization and calibration, European Geosciences Union General Assembly
2006, Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 8, Vienna, 02181, European Geosciences Union, 2006.
, 195074, , 1980.
, ,
1, , , 2003.
, 17
1991, ,1994.
, 199293, , 1995.
, -, , , , 1998.
, 19941996, , 1999.
, , , 1999.
, , , ( 2001), (http://www.statistics.gr/), , 2002.
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07

371

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, ., . . , , , 48, ,
, 1986.
, ., . . ,
, , , 1994.
, ., , , , 1994.
, , Monitoring results for substances of
List II 76/464/EEC Directive in the lakes and rivers of Greece during 19981999.
, ., , , , , , 1988.

372 IV:

, ,
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07

373

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9 500.0
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7 410.0
2 557.8
0.35

1050.0
533.0
559.7
38.0
0.07**
*
.
161.0
1 300.0
209.3
147.0
0.70

10 711.0
8 179.0
2 742.8
: (1995), / & (2005)
* ( ).
** , (1995).

8.4 (hm3)

61.8 117.7 241.9 277.7 342.9 456.1 293.0 150.5 89.8 40.3 26.3 33.9 2132.0
80.8 162.1 365.1 373.1 409.3 496.2 301.9 160.7 85.6 53.4 28.8 40.8 2 557.8
: (1995), .. (2001)

8.5
(
).
8.6
. ,
(.. ).

08

381

 8.5 (mm)

96.0 112.2 121.2

94.2
93.0
76.2 91.4
95.0
74.8
72.3
: .. (2001)

91.9
74.7

74.2
60.6

64.2 36.8 27.3 23.9 37.2
56.8 33.4 26.4 22.3 32.7

872.1
716.5

8.6 (hm3)

5.84 3.25 2.56 3.15 5.90 3.08 3.49 3.39

1.92 0.73 0.66 4.02

37.99

: (1995)

(19801997 19982001) (19801997)
( ), . 20042005,
, , . ,
, , , , , .
, . 19981999 (
).
.



.

: , ,
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, , .
20002003
, ,
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382 IV:

 . ,
2 75/440/
.
:

75/440/ (50 mg/L NO3). 1980
1997 .
53.51 mg/L, (32.78 mg/L NO3)
(27.64 mg/L NO3). 19982001 . 54 mg/L NO3, 95% (48.6 mg/L
23 )
(50 mg/L NO3).
. , ,
20002003 15 mg/L
1.

( , , ,
,
). ( , )
. (
95% ) 1 (0.05 mg/L NH4),
2 (1.0 mg/L NH4).
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mg/L NH4) (11.43 mg/L P2O5).
, ,
2/1-22001. ( 2/1-2-2001) . 75/440/ ,

08

383

 2 ( 95%
50 g/L
1), (79g/L, 137g/L)
50g/L.
E


( 2/1-2-2001).


, ,
19861997,

.

20002003, ,
1
75/440/
. ,
10 20002003 0.86 mg/L P2O5 (
1.99 mg/L) 0.7 mg/L
.

20002003 , .
1
75/440/. 1732 mg/L. , , .

20002003 , 16 mg/L NO3
. (0.41 mg/L 2.58 mg/L
P2O5) 1 (0.4 mg/L P2O5), , 1.08
1.67 mg/L P2O5, .
384 IV:

 20002003 2
( 75/440/).

, 1.

( , , ). (NO3, NH4, )

1 ( 75/440/).
.
.


.
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8.2.2
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(, 1970):
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:
08

385

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.
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.
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.
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(, 1996):
. 200 km2.
, ,
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34 m3/s
.
. --
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. , , . 3.2
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- ().
.
350 km2.
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.
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386 IV:

 . ,
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280 km2.
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,
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m3/s.
.
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.
.
7580 km2. ,
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250
, 2025 ,
( - ),
. ,
19741994 1000 hm3,
800 hm3 19841994. ,
1970, 1520 m --, 1540 m , 3050 m
--, 50100 m - (,
2006).

08

387

 8.7

(hm3)
46.6
13.2
53.9
69.1
23.8
3.7
14.6
46.3
46.3
67.0
384.6
2.7
75.3
7.0
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: (1990)

()
.
,
.
, .
,
.
.

388 IV:

 , .

.
, , , .

.
, , . , , ,
. .

o
(19931994) (19961999),
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, ( , . , 1994),
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. 19 , 15 , 2 , 1 1 . 19 .
,
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, .
08

389


.
.

() ,
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33 , 17 .
.

19652/1906/5-08-98 .

, ( 25 mg/L)
.


.
,
, .
50 mg/L,
19931999 20042005 . 19931999 0805 0.5 1 mg/L . ( 0802), ( 0803), (
0804), ( 0801) ( 0818)
. ( 0804)
(5.52 mg/L),
.
( 0809)
, ,
.
0821
. 21 mg/L,
1600 mg/L Cl- 950 mg/L SO4,

390 IV:

 4000 S/cm. 0831 ,

250 mg/L ( 300 mg/L SO4).
25 mg/L,
( 0810)
( 0808).
50 mg/L , . .
.
,
.

.
, ,

.
8.2.3
. , (
2003).
8.8. (
) , , . , ( ) ,
252 000
, , .
, 80 km2 (
376.5 km2).
, , , , (), . 8.9 . (1995).
8.10, .

08

391

 , ,
.
8.8

(hm )
362
238
3
(hm )
286
209
(MW)
141
10
(GWh)
220
29*
3

: .. (2002), .. (2006)
* .

8.9 ( )

1
2
3
4
5

(.)
1 108 475
78 800
8 000
175 000
270 000
1 640 275

: (1995)

1980,
. , 13
, 60 000
, . ,
85 60 . . , 14.0 hm3, . , 1.63
hm3 (, 2006). , , .
,
150 000 , 600 000 .
, . , 18 000
37 000 (). , , , , , 500 000 . , ,
769 500 ( 8.10), 1 124 500
.. , 1 894 000 .
(1995), 8.9, ,

392 IV:

 . , , .
8.2.4
, , , .
600 hm3 ,
, 10%,
14%
,

.
,
:
,

,
,
, ,

, -
.
, , , (
) , ,
. . , . ,
, ,
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08

393

 (). ,
8.6,
337 223 = 114 hm3 34% .
, , ,
.
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. , ,
() , , 100 m, 30 , .
, , . , , . , :
,
,

( , )
,
(..
.
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, 10 m3/s .
()
8.3.6,
-. , , --, , , .

394 IV:

 (
, ) , .

,
.
(2006),

. .
,
, 10 m3/s, .
, , 800 000 .
, , ,
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.
,
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8.2.5
8.11
. .

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8.12 , 8.13 . ,
,
(31 000 ) 4%
1996 6.5% .

08

395

 8.10 ( )

1

( )

2


( )





()

. &
, , .

(.)

52 000
3 000
4 000
3 500
62 500

36 000
16 500
3 500
120 000
125 000
1 000
16 000
5 000
110 000
15 000
1 000
3 000
3 000
2 500
4 500
2 500
1 700
2 300
400
4 000
2 000
72 000
3 000
4 000
500
4 000
3 500
2 700
5 500
1 500
6 200
1 200
1 350
1 150
581 500

& .

&

396 IV:

3 *

(.)

120 000
3 000
2 500
125 500
769 500

:
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8.11

(km2) (hm3) (hm3)

427.6
136
129
146.8
580
530
133.8
20
15
952.7
619
587
127.8
92
87
170.7
75
65
466.5
175
174
209.8
103
99
1 050.0
148
135
2 185
2 053

: (1995)
* .

8.12

1
2
3
4
5

&
**
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-
-

(.)
8 000
4 000
19 000
180 000
253 000
464 000

:
* (, 1999) .
155 000 ( ), 131 500 . 92 500 .
** 1996.
*** 18 000 ,
.

08

397

 8.13

1
2
3
4
5
6

(.)
50 000
20 000
8 000
85 000
1 000
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170 000

8.2.6
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, , .
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:

( ).
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,
. , .
, , , ,
. . :
.
(. 8.14).
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398 IV:

 ..
(2001),
, 90%,
( ).
8.14

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

(km2)
427.6
376.5
952.7
127.8
170.7
466.5
209.8
2731.6

(hm3)
(hm3)
69.1
1.1
174.4
2.1
418.5
3.1
58.7
3.9
28.4
0.6
61.5
2.2
29.6
1.1
840.1
14.3

: .. (2001),

,

(, 1999, 2002). . , 68 19.5 hm3 .
8.15 , ,
2.4% . , ,
18%.
8.16 , 4 175 hm3, 3 202 hm3 .
(13 377
km2) . , 8.15 , .
(3 140 hm3 ) (75%) .
590 hm3
, 210 hm3 (,
, -),
, (, ).

08

399

 8.15 ( )

()
*

***
()
*



*
**

****
()
*



*
**
*
*
*
*
*
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(km2)
9 500
161

9 661
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161

377
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161

376
1 050
428
953
128
171
467
210
9 661

(hm3)

(hm3)

2 558
144
385
121
3 208

54
43
96
30
223

2 384
144
256
81
600
157
68
3 690

52
43
64
20
125
47
20
372

1 718
144
128
40
600
157
68
52
190
15
23
57
27
3 219

38
43
32
10
125
47
20
16
57
5
7
17
8
425

: (1995), .. (2001)
* , 90%
( .., 2001).
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*** 2/3.
**** 1/3.

8.1
.

400 IV:

8.3
8.1
.
8.16

(km2)
(mm)
(hm3)

(hm3)

(hm3)
(hm3)

. . . .
5 254
1 720
4 195
2 168
13 377
780
780
780
780
4 098
1 365
3 272
1 691
10 426
60%
60%
60%
60%
3 277
1 963
1 015
6 255
3%
25%
85%
66
327
580
973
2 119
982
101
3 202

8.3.1
8.17.

, .
(1995).
8.17

(.)

972 852
184 585
410 456
756 939
233 488
22 735
523 042

(hm3/)
(.)
(hm3/)

100%
95%
100%
100%
1%
5%
8%

972 852
175 356
410 456
756 939
2 334
1 137
41 843
2 360 917

632.7
111.4
289.7
510.1
144.5
14.6
353.3

632.7
105.8
289.7
510.1
1.4
0.7
28.3
1 568.7

: (1995)

2 360 917 ( 8.17) 1991 1 935 291 ( 8.18).

(1 894 000 1 640 275 ) ,
( , )

08

401

, 8.18.
, ,
( 8.10).
8.18 1991

(.)
(hm3/)
(.)

759 983
100%
759 983
494.2

167 948
95%
159 551
101.4

330 341
100%
330 341
233.1

649 297
100%
649 267
437.5

173 151
1%
1 732
107.1

20 221
5%
1 011
13.0

415 954
8%
33 276
281.0

1 935 291

(hm3/)
494.2
96.3
233.1
437.5
1.1
0.7
22.5
1 285.4

: (1995)

8.17, ,
, 1 569 hm3 .
,
2 634 000 , 1 618 hm3 (,
2006), (2006),
1 621 hm3.
8.3.2
8.19
( ) . ,
(1995).
8.19, , 1995,
11.8 hm3 . (2000), , 12.8 hm3 (/ & , 2006).
8.3.3
,
4 (, ,
, ) 1999 146 t.
, .

402 IV:

 8.19

100%
99%
95%
95%
100%
60%
100%
65%
1%
3%
5%
15%
8%
15%

(hm3/)
1.1
0.6
1.1
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.4

(hm3/)
4.4
1.2
2.2
1.6
0.7
0.7
1.9

(hm3/)
5.5
1.7
2.4
1.7
0.1
0.1
0.3
11.8

8.3.4
.. (2003),
(1994) (3 250 000 ), .
8.20, ,
53.7 hm3 22.6 hm3 -.
80 hm3,
/ & (2006), 2001, 64.3 hm3.
8.20 (hm3)

25.49
10.70
17.40
7.31
12.16
5.11
11.08
4.65
0.45
0.19
0.48
0.20
1.44
0.60
68.48
28.76

( .., 2006), 600 L/,
1000 L/ (, ). ,
, 250 L/, 08

403

 750 000 68.5 hm3. 1.0 hm3, .

8.3.5
8.1.1, , .
,
, 1985. 150 m3/, 0.054 hm3/. .

.
8.3.6
,

, . 8.8. ,
220 GWh . ,
, 1980
' , . ,

.
.
8.21.
8.21

(MW)

160

30

270

460

(GWh)
486
100
578
1 164

: (1995)

,
1 064 GWh. (, 1996) ,
() , 1100 GWh, 600 GWh (
). , . ,
404 IV:

 ,
220 (, 1996) 300 GWh ( .., 1995).

8.4


III 8.228.26. 8.22 , 8.238.26
. , 8 2000 , ,
..
8.22

BOD (t/)
TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

10 634
10 055
3 218
829

24 259
595

30 317
387
41 338
36 982
1 185
48 222
1 450
57
28 984
61
7
1 492

8.23

>2 000 .

.
<2 000

520 080
161 865
358 215
267 581

BOD
(t/)

TSS
(t/)

N
(t/)

P
(t/)

3 266
2 481
784
4 102
10 634

3 196
2 216
981
3 663
10 055

1 023
709
314
1 172
3 218

292
148
144
244
829

8.24

<2 000
2 000 9 999
10 000 14 999
15 000 149 999
150 000

29
3
4

113 887
31 193
375 000

.
29
3
4

267 581
113 887
31 193
375 000

36

787 661

1
3
4

2 078
26 557
329 580

358 215

, :
(OD5) = 41 338 tn/
08

405

 (TSS) = 48 222 tn/

O () = 28 984 tn/
() = 1 492 tn/
, , ,
, .
8.25

(km2)
N (t/)
P (t/)

1 795
539
18

&

5 793
2 897
290

5 167
20 666
258

290
145
29

104
12
0

13 149
24 259
595

8.26

BOD (t/)
TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

21 426
26 090
964
21

4 993
5 813
359
21

720
1 211
9
0

201
241
21
5

2 978
3 626
96
13

30 317
36 982
1 450
61

(26% 21% ),
(11%). (56%).
, ,
,
,
45%.

() . ,
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358 215 ( , ),
45% (
8.24). ( ) , ,
.
29
2 000 10 000. , ,
2005,
406 IV:

 .
(34%)
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28 29
, .
2 000 10 000, , ,
, .
(73%) (74%) ,
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,
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(16%, 25% 35% ).
( )
( 8.25). . . E
, ,
. , , , ,
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40% 84% P N.
, 44% 39% .
8.25, 12%
49%
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1% ,
3% , 0.2%
0.5% .
. --

08

407

 (, , ),
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8.5
8.27
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.
23 (SCI)
6 (SPA),
, 91/676/
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8.27

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

()

+
+

GR1440005
GR1440001

408 IV:

[5]

, ,

.

.

(.
)

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

GR1430005

+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

GR1430001
GR1430001
GR1430001
GR1430001
GR1430001
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GR1430001
GR1430001
GR1430001

+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

08

409

-
.
.

-.

'

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

+
+
+
+
+

+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

410 IV:

()

(-)

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+

GR1410001

GR1440003
GR1250001
GR1250003

GR1420001

GR1440005
GR1250001

GR1420003

GR1420004
+

GR1420005

GR1420005
GR1420006

GR1430001
GR1430002
GR1440002
GR1440004
GR2130006

[1] 91/271/EOK
[2] 91/676/EOK
[3] 92/43/EOK
[4] 79/409/OK
[5] 76/160/EOK

08

411

8.6 -

. 8.28 .
8.28 (hm3)

1 550*
69
13
1 632*

329*
7
1
337*

*
.
,
: 1270 hm3, 269 hm3, 1336 hm3, 276 hm3.

.
, ,
, . : ()
,
, () , ,
1/4
. , ,
,
. 8.29.
8.29

.
()

.
()

.
(hm3)

.
. (hm3)

769 500 1 591 417
505
.
471 000 -471 000**
309

1 240 500 1 120 417

815
.
170 000 -170 000**
112

1 410 500
950 417
926
* .
**
.
*** (**).

412 IV:

1045
-309
736
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624

*
*

(hm3)
(hm3)

1550
0
1550
0
1550

329***
0
329***
0
329***

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.
, ( )
337 hm3
367 hm3 . , 337 hm3
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. .
.
.
,

.
. 223
hm3 , 372 hm3 425 hm3
( 8.15).
8.30 (hm3)

1 550*
69
13
1 632

329
7
1
337

1 693
69
13
1 775

359
7
1
367

* ,
.

8.31
. :
.

1991. , ,
, , , -

08

413

 , .
600 hm3/ , ,
, ,
, ,
( 50 hm3) .
8.31
(hm3)

223
372
425

337 (278)*
337
367

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.

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, (, , ),
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.
252 000

414 IV:

, 18 000, 37 000
. , , , . ,
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( 10 m3/s ),
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415

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416 IV:

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, ,
, 2000/60/.

8.8
Kounis, G. D., Evaluation of vulnerability and quality of groundwater resources in
Greece, IGME, 1986.
, ., H. Yao, Y. Yu, . ,
, 15, , , , 1995.
, ., : , , . 3953, , , 2006.
, 195074, , 1980.
,

UNIPEDE, , , 1995.
, , 20002001.
ENVECO,
, , , 1995.
, 17
1991, , 1994.
08

417

, 199293, , 1995.
, -, , , , 1998.
, 19941996, , 1999.
, , , 1999.
, , , ( 2001), (http://www.statistics.gr/), , 2002.
2002, , , 1,
, -
, , 2002.
, ., . , . , . , . , ,
(), 16, ..,
, 2006.
, , 3,
, : ,
- ,
, , 1996.
, ., , , XIV, 1, , , 1970.
, , , 1989.
/ & ,

, , , , ,
(08), ,
08-A-II-1, , 2005.
, ., . , . , . , , , 1,
, - , , 2006.
, ., . , . ,
, . 5 , ,
: , , : , : . , 2001.
, ., ,
, : 418 IV:

 - ,
, : . , ELECTROWATT, . ,
. , 1996.
, ., , , , , , 1988.
, ., . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , ,
, 2, , - ,
, 2006.
, .,
, ,
, 1990.
, .,
, : , /7, , 1995.
, ., . , ,
, : .. ,
2002.
, , Monitoring results for substances of
List II 76/464/EEC Directive in the lakes and rivers of Greece during 19981999.
, ,
, , 1989.
Y ,
,
, , 2001.
, , :
- - , , 1982.
, 20072013,
, 2007. (http://www.hellaskps.gr/programper4/files/NSRF_VERSION_GR_
SFC_120307.pdf).
, - , , , 1994.
, , ,
(--
), : , . .
& .. (), 1995.
, , , E
: - , -
08

419

, .3- ,
, . . & .. . . &
.., , , .,
, , 1999.
, ( 91/676/), , , 1999.
, atura 2000, , 2000.
, , , E
, ,
, 2002.
, ,
, , 2006.
, 91/271/ , , ,
2002.

420 IV:

09
9.1
9.1.1
13 441 km2.
9.1. , , 1991 569 684 2001 596 891
, 4.8% ( 2001
, 2001 1991). 9.1, , .
9.1 (1991, 2001)

(km2)

1 924.6
3 515.9
1 957.6
1 263.4
1 506.5
1 675.5
1 403.6
54.6
98.2
40.9
13 440.6

100.0%
100.0%
85.5%
74.3%
87.6%
66.9%
92.6%
1.1%
1.8%
1.2%

(1991)

53 147
150 386
31 421
98 971
51 703
71 177
112 275
604

569 684

(2001)
(1991)

100.0%
100.0%
85.4%
70.7%
98.1%
51.3%
96.2%
0.4%

54 768
155 324
32 407
101 538
52 467
74 794
124 912
681

596 891

. ,
, , ,
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09

421

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422 IV:

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,
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.
600 1 000 mm, 1 200 mm.
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(C)
(C)
(C)
(mm)
(%)
()

(1)
12.1
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40.8
645.7
69.2
3.9
85.3
27.2
0.4
16.3

(2)
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-16.8
42.2
507.6
63.8
3.8
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(3)
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93.4
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13.0

(4)
14.8
-9.0
37.8
540.0
64.3
3.7
59.8
5
0.1
5.6

(1) 19611997
(2) 19551997
(3) 19801997
(4) 19751996

9.1.4
o o . 09

423

 .

.
, ,
, ,
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.
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, , (
). , .
,
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. , 46.9% (1991) (
27.8%). , ,
, ,
.
o o o o o o , o oo o ,
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oo o oo o o o o oooo o ooo. ooo o () o o
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424 IV:

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.

( 20072013).
,
.
, (- -) .

9.2
9.2.1

(8 813 km2), (2 133 km2),
(863 km2)
(815 km2). , 600 km2,
( ), ,

09

425

 ( ),
.

.


(314 km).
, ,
, .
(1 443 km2), (871
km2), (386 km2), (353 km2), (292 km2), (252 km2), (178 km2) (117 km2).
, 9.3.
9.3
2

(km )
(km2)
(hm3)
(hm3)
(m)
(W)

5 005
21.9
520
412
403
180

5 800
74
2200
1500
291
360

6 000
4.3
103
16
146
315

6 100
6 150
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10
1.25
85
42
108

,
, .
(346 km2),
(229 km2) (114 km2), (431
km2).

,
. .
()

.

426 IV:

 9.4 . 9.4
.
9.4
/

2
3

(km2)
2 724
5 005
817
815

(m3/s)
23.4
49.8
18.3
3.5

9.5 ( )
(m3/s)

6.3
16.3
29.0
33.7
44.9
50.6
44.2
30.7
14.2
5.5
3.1
3.9
23.4

14.2
41.7
72.8
74.0
94.5
100.8
91.8
60.3
25.8
10.1
6.1
6.8
49.8

. .

5.8
1.2
18.4
2.2
34.8
5.1
27.3
3.8
33.4
8.5
33.6
8.1
33.2
5.8
20.8
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: ,

.

(, , ..),
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.
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).

09

427

 ,
, , , , ,
.
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.
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,
. ,
19981999 ( ).
.

30 19811997 , ,
19982001 .
20002002 , ,
.
(, ),
75/440/
. 20002003 25 mg/L ( 38.1 mg/L
NO3 59.8 mg/L)
.

. 8590% 198185, 103%
19932001.
1998 1999 .
. ( , , ) -

428 IV:

 ,
2/1-2-2001,
K 76/464/.

19821997 19982000 . 30 : , . .
, , , , , (
75/440
98/83). 19982001 3
(, . ) 5.2 meq/L
,
20012002
8.7 mg/L NH4 9.8 mg/L P2O5.

, 40 , , , , , . . .
19661/1982/31-08-1999.
76/464/ , 15782/1849/20-06-2001 ,
, .
.
1988
.


1999 - 1999,
.
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09

429

 . .


.
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( 9.9) , 7 76/464/ ,
.

: ) (, ) ,

430 IV:

) , ) , ) ,
2 ( 75/440/ ) ) 30%
25%, ,
.



. ,
( ). , . 19831997
, ( ),
,
2 mg/L.
19982001
19982002, 5% , 80% . 16.3 mg/L
NO3.

19841997 1998
2001
(7% ), 25 mg/L. 19982001 ( ) 95%
13.8 13.2 meq/L SO4 ,
(5.2meq/L SO4).

1600 S/cm ( 95%
), .

09

431


,
19982001 ,
2000
.

1.
(2.7 mg/L O2) (0.7 mg/L P2O5)
.

19982001
2002, 1.

19982001
20012002,
1. (=0.6 mg/L N TP=30 g/L P), .
,
, , .
, , , , .


( 9.109.11),

.
9.2.2

,
1 076 hm3. :
, 350
hm3, ( 2.8 m3/s).

432 IV:

 , 250 hm3,
,
0.3 m3/s.
, 220 hm3,
(3.0 m3/s), (2.3 m3/s), (1.2 m3/s) (0.5 m3/s).
, 130 hm3, (1.52 m3/s)
(45
hm3), (31 hm3), - (20 hm3),
(15 hm3) - (15 hm3).
, .
278 hm3.
(115 hm3), -- (70
hm3), (63 hm3), (30 hm3).


, , .
, , . , ,

, , . ,
, .
,

.
.
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.

o -

09

433

 (19931994)
(19961999). , 20042005.
,
, ( , . , 1994),
1993 13 .
:


. 13 , 10 , 1 , 1 1 . 12 13
1 .
,
( ) ( , . , 1999), , 26
1996 1999 31
1999. .

() ,
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48 , 27 .
.
, ,
20419/2522/2001 91/676/.


.
(20042005)
.

, , ( 0905 . ) .

434 IV:

, -
( 0904), ,
.
.



200 mg/L 2.7 mg/L . ( )
.
25 mg/L. (0.45 mg/L) , ()
.

25 mg/L, . 67 mg/L. (3047 mg/L 71
90 mg/L ). (
140 mg/L) ( 0932), ( 25 mg/L) .
, , ,
.
, , ,
,

.

09

435

 9.6

( )

, ., / -
--

& .

&

()

()

.

&

436 IV:

(.)
20 000
9 000
3 000
4 000
2 000
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3 000
20 000
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2 000
700
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12 000
2 300
25 000
500
2 500
1 500
1 000
600
1 200
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6 000
15 000
17 000
14 000
600
1 200
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1 500
20 000
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6 500

(.)

--- ( )

(), &
-

- ( 910)

*

260 000
185 000

98 850
114 000
80 200

2 900
2 300
1 500
3 000
23 000
4 300
1 800
6 500
2 500
1 050
2 500
3 000
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4 000
95 000
11 000
10 000
948 150
503 150

* 65 000 , 120 000

:

9.2.3.

9.6, 9.7
.
9.2.4

III, 2.5. 779 mm,
(, 1980).

09

437

 9.8.
9.1
.

9.3
9.1
.
9.3.1
3 844 km2.
1 420 km2 , 1209 km2 ,
1999/2000.
III ( & , 2003, 5 8), 609
hm3, 128 hm3.
9.7

( )
1. 13.2 hm3 *
1. 13.1 hm3
4.4 hm3 **
-
1. 1.9 hm3
1.
2. ***
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. 0.6 hm3
10. 0.6 hm3
11. & . 3 hm3
12. 6 hm3

(.)
30 000
40 000

70 000
70 000
46 000
1 000
3 000
6 500
40 000
1 500
1 200
1 200
6 000
12 000
328 400

* .
** .
.
*** . 22 000 .
:

438 IV:

9.3.2
I
( & , 2003, 9, 10 11),
7.9 hm3.
9.8

(km )
(mm)

(hm3)
(hm3)
(hm3)

(hm3)
(hm3)

.
.
3 668
3 329
3 714
2 730
779
779
779
779
54.0%
54.0%
54.0%
54.0%
2 857
2 593
2 893
2 127
1 543
1 400
1 562
1 148
1 314
1 193
1 331
978
3.0%
10.0%
15.0%
90.0%
39
119
200
880
1 275
1 074
1 131
98

13 441

10 470
5 654
4 816
1 239
3 578

9.3.3
, 4 (, ,
, ) 1999 881 .
.
9.3.4
596 891 ( 9.1).
I,
43.7 hm3, 4.4 hm3.
9.3.5
, , -,
. 1995 30 hm3 .
m3 : 1420, 1845, 5150
2895.
9.3.6
( ) , 1 000 MW.
(, , ),
1 334 hm3 (, 2002), 2001, 400600 hm3,
09

439

 ,
.
12 -
8090 hm3 , .
( ), .
,
,
.

9.4


III 9.99.13.
9.9 , 9.109.13 . , 9 2000 , , .
9.9

BOD (t/)
TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

12 750
11 717
3 842
828

17 485
521

31 797
1 542
46 088
38 737
616
51 070
1 460
8
22 795
48
2
1 399

9.10

>2 000 .

.
<2 000

489 241
246 360
242 881
278 069

BOD
(t/)

TSS
(t/)

N
(t/)

P
(t/)

4 243
3 777
467
4 263
12 750

3 956
3 372
583
3 806
11 717

1 312
1 079
233
1 218
3 842

287
225
62
254
828

, :

(OD5) = 46 088 tn/

(TSS) = 51 070 tn/
O () = 22 795 tn/
() = 1 399 tn/

440 IV:

 , ,
, .
9.11

<2 000
2 000 9 999
10 000 14 999
15 000 149 999
150 000

19

71 474

353 800

1
1
2

4 467
10 500
49 000

.
20
1
9

278 069
75 941
10 500
402 800

30

767 310

14 176

228 705

10

242 881

292
146
29

356
43
0

13 582
17 485
521

9.12

(km2)
N (t/)
P (t/)

3 875
1 162
39

&

5 744
2 872
287

3 315
13 262
166

9.13

BOD (t/)
TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

27 115
33 017
1 220
27

2 245
2 614
162
9

301
506
4
0

76
91
8
2

2 060
2 509
66
9

31 797
38 737
1 460
48

(28% 23% ),
(17%). (59%). ,
,
, 32%.

. M 91/271/, -
10 000
, ,
1998.
,

09

441

 , , , , , , ,
( ),
(), 32%
( 9.11).

, , , , , , ,
.
, 15 000, 20 2000 10 000 . ,
,
2005, . ,
(36%)
.. 2 000.

.. ,
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(, ),
17 20 .
.
, ,
.
(69%) (76%) , (6% 3% ). 85%
, 84%
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O ( )
( 9.12). ,
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, ( ). 442 IV:

 37% 77% .
,
42% , 29%
24% . 9.12,
16% 55%
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32%.
3% ,
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( ), , , ,
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,
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.

.

(.) .

, .

(Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn)
(PCB).
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.
. , ,

( 91/676/).

09

443

9.5
9.14
6 V
2000/60/, .
22
(SCI) 5 (SPA),
, ,
91/271/ ,
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91/676/.
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.
9.14

(
)

()

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

GR1210002

GR1220010

GR1240004

GR1240006

GR1320001

GR1320003
+

GR1340004
GR1340004

GR1340005

GR1340005

444 IV:

[5]

-
.

(
)

( -

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
GR1210001

GR1240001

GR1240003

GR1240005

GR1250001
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GR1250004

GR1310001

GR1240002

GR1310002

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GR1330001

GR1340001

GR1340003

GR1340006

GR2130006

[1] 91/271/EOK
[2] 91/676/EOK
[3] 92/43/EOK
[4] 79/409/OK
[5] 76/160/EOK

09

445

9.6 -

. 9.15
.
9.15 (hm3)

609.4
43.7
30.0
7.9
80
771.0

128.5
4.4
2.5
0.8
7.0
143.2

.
, ,
, , 9.15.
:
. ,
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,
1/4 .

, , ,
. 9.16.
9.16

()

* *
-
- -

. - .
(hm3)
(hm3)
()

(hm3)
(hm3)

503 150
499 850
305.5
.
328 400 249 925
199.4

831 550
249 925
504.9
.
0
0
0

831 550
249 925
504.9
*

446 IV:

303.5
151.7
151.7
0
151.7

609
47.6
656.6
0
656.6

128.5
10.1
138.6
0
138.6

 9.16, ( )

9.17.
.
, ( )
136.2 hm3 , 154.2 hm3
, 177.6 hm3 . , 146.3 hm3
. ,
, . . ,
. ,
. .
9.17

(hm3) (hm3)

695
146.5

43.7
4.4

30
2.5

7.9
0.8

776.6
154.2

806
169.9

43.7
4.4

30
2.5

7.9
0.8

887.6
177.6

(hm3)

(hm3)

656.6
43.7
30
7.9
738.2

138.6
4.4
2.5
0.8
146.3

656.6
43.7
30
7.9
738.2

138.6
4.4
2.5
0.8
146.3

9.5 9.8,
.
61
hm3 ( )
(136 hm3). ,
(
2 000 hm3), , .

09

447

 ,
, .

9.7

, .

(2 000 hm3),
.
, , . ,
,
, , .
.
,
,
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, .
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, .
,
,

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.
22
(SCI) 5 (SPA),
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448 IV:

,
, ,
.

9.8
-4 ,
, , YBET, 1986.
, 195074, , 1980.
, , , 2002.
Ecos , . , . , . .,
, , 2001.
, , 20002001.
, ,
1, , , 2003.
, , , , 1999.
ENM ,
, , ,
2006.
, 17
1991, ,1994.
, 199293, , 1995.
, -, , , , 1998.
, 19941996, , 1999.
, , , 1999.
, , , ( 2001), (http://www.statistics.gr/), , 2002.
, , , 1989.
, , Monitoring results for substances of
List II 76/464/EEC Directive in the lakes and rivers of Greece during 19981999.
, ,
, , 1989.
, - , , , 1994.

09

449

, ( 91/676/), , , 1999.
, atura 2000, , 2000.
, 91/271/
, , , 2002.
Y
, ,
, , 2001.

, 20072013,
, 2007. (http://www.hellaskps.gr/programper4/files/NSRF_VERSION_GR_
SFC_120307.pdf).

450 IV:

10
10.1
10.1.1
10 390 km2. , , , , . 10.1. , ,
1991 1 225 840 2001 1 362 190 ,
11.1% ( 2001 , 2001
1991). 10.1, ,
.
10.1 (1991, 2001)

(km2)

3 253.5
3 415.5
2 421.6
437.4
830.3
31.7
10 390.0

100.0%
92.7%
96.1%
25.7%
33.1%
0.8%

(1991)

93 653
941 543
81 291
40 963
67 584
806
1 225 840

(2001)
(1991)

100.0%
99.5%
99.5%
29.3%
48.7%
0.4%

107 156
1 052 536
88 611
42 080
71 003
804
1 362 190

, ,
, II, 2.1.
(. 3199/2003) ,
,
.

,
:

10

451

(, , ,
, , , . , , , , , , . -)
- ( ).

, & , & , & ,

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(.. , ).

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10.1.2
,
, ,
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, 2 000
(2 033 m) (2 031 m).
, , , .
, , . , ,
, .
10.1.3
, , , .

452 IV:

 400 800 mm, 1 000 mm. -.

14.5oC 17oC
. 10.2
, .
10.2

(C)
(C)
(C)
(mm)

()

(1)
15.7
-14.0
42.0
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466 IV:

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468 IV:

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10

469

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470 IV:

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[5]

+
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17 (SCI) 9 (SPA), , , 91/271/

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476 IV:

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(km2)

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(1991)
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(2001)

92 398
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419
390 848

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478 IV:


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11

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480 IV:

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11

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484 IV:


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11

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234

585

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18 078

7 281
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-
(hm3)
(hm3)
2 613
*
189
*
2 802
210
608
33
113
*
721
33
869
48
172
10
79
4
164
9
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40
4 808
354
2 195
-

11.13 ( ),
2 195 hm3/. ( 2 195 hm3/)
11.12 ( ),
11.13.
.
(2 613 hm3/), 4 808 hm3/.
11.1
.

11.3
11.1 .

11

491

 11.13

(km2)
(mm)
(hm3)

(hm3)
(hm3)

(hm3)
(hm3)

. . . .
2 163
1 055
2 784
1 278
7 281
675
675
675
675
1 461
712
1 880
863
4 917
55%
55%
55%
55%
809
394
1 041
478
2 722
652
318
839
385
2 195
3%
10%
15%
90%
20
32
126
347
524
633
286
713
39
1 671

11.3.1
4 729 120 1999/2000. 11.14
.

,
, ( I).
, 11.14, 992 331 . , , 948 274
, 44 057 ( ), 90 000 .
11.14, ,
627 hm3 , 128 hm3 .
11.14 ( )

(.)
218 679
265 752
671 455
464 353
1 620 239

96%
40%
100%
1%

: (1995)

492 IV:

()
209 932
106 301
671 455
4 644
992 331

(hm3/)

627

11.3.2
11.15 . , (1995).
11.15

(hm3/)
(hm3/)
(hm3/)
100
100
1.0
0.8
1.8
50
50
0.4
1.2
0.8
100
100
1.5
1.7
3.2
0
0
2.6
1.6
0.0
0
0
0.3
0.9
0.0
5.8

11.15, , , 5.8 hm3 .

11.3.3
,
4 (, ,
, ) 1999 693 t.

.
11.3.4
(2002)
1996, . 11.16. ,
, 32 hm3 , 13 hm3
- 3 hm3 .
11.3.5

() , . 11.17. , ,
(.. ) .

11

493

 11.16

(hm3)
7.82
8.43
15.28
0.43
0.00
31.95

. (hm3)
3.28
3.55
6.41
0.18
0.00
13.42

m3 : 27860,
18225 20855.
11.17

(hm3/)
0.263

(/m3)
0.29

0.058
0.321

0.71

11.3.6

(). , , .
.

11.4


III 11.1811.22.
11.18 , 11.1911.22 . , 11 2 000 , ,
.
, :
(OD5) = 29 738 tn/
(TSS) = 41 328 tn/

494 IV:

 O () = 14 942 tn/
() = 1 073 tn/
11.18

BOD (t/)
TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

5 793
5 519
1 869
543

12 027
294

21 134
2 812
29 738
25 781
10 028
41 328
966
80
14 942
33
204
1 073

11.19

>2 000 .

.
<2 000

302 972
80 892
222 080
152 626

BOD
(t/)

TSS
(t/)

N
(t/)

P
(t/)

1 726
1 240
486
2 340
5 793

1 715
1 107
608
2 089
5 519

600
354
246
669
1 869

202
74
128
139
543

11.20

<2 000
2 000 9 999
10 000 14 999
15 000 149 999
150 000

20
1
1

71 136
11 000
80 000

19 836

2 121 000

.
25
1
3

152 626
90 972
11 000
201 000

29

455 598

5
1
3

25 080
11 000
186 000

222 080

154
77
15

155
19
0

7 306
12 027
294

11.21

(km2)
N (t/)
P (t/)

1 793
538
18

&

2 691
1 345
135

2 512
10 048
126

, ,
.
, (20%, 13% 13% ). (51%). ,

11

495

 ,

, 49%.
11.22

BOD (t/)
TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

17 589
21 417
792
18

1 509
1 757
109
6

276
465
3
0

74
88
8
2

1 686
2 053
54
7

21 134
25 781
966
33

(),
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(
)
222 080 ( 11.20).
, .
10 000, , 25 2 000 10 000. ,
,
2005,
. (34%) .. 2 000.

, 20 25 , .
, , .
(71%) (62%) , (7% 3% ). 83%
, 82%
53% , , , (7%, 11% 19% ).
( )

496 IV:

 ( 11.21).

. , , ,
, , , , .
27% 81% P N.
, 37%
, 42% 25%
. 11.21, 84%
43%
,
11% 46%.
10% ,
24% 19%
. (0.5%). , ,
.
.

(,
, .).
,

.
. , , ( 91/676/).

11.5
11.23

6 V
2000/60/, .
12 (SCI) 2 (SPA), ,
, . , ,
, 91/271/ , . -

11

497

 .
.
11.23

.

.
.

-
,
-


-

-

-

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

GR1260001
GR1260002

GR1260002

/
/
/

[5]

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
GR1120004

GR1140004

GR1150005

GR1260001

GR1260003

GR1260004

GR1260005

GR1260007

GR1260008

498 IV:

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

GR1260009

GR1260010

[5]

[1] 91/271/EOK
[2] 91/676/EOK
[3] 92/43/EOK
[4] 79/409/OK
[5] 76/160/EOK

11.6 -

. 11.24 .
11.24 (hm3)

627.0
128.0

32.0
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664.8
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670

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9
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11.26 (hm3)

645
131

32
3

6
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683
135

828
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32
3

6
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866
172

670
32
6
708

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6
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.
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500 IV:

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11.7
.
.

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.
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, 195074, , 1980.
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UNIPEDE, , 1995.
, , 20002001.
, , , , 1999.
ENM ,
, , ,
2006.
, 17
1991, , 1994.
, 199293, , 1995.
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, 19941996, , 1999.
, , , 1999.
, , , ( 2001), (http://www.statistics.gr/), , 2002.
, ,
3, , , 1996.
, ., & , , , , 1987.
, , , 1989.

502 IV:

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List II 76/464/EEC Directive in the lakes and rivers of Greece during 19981999.
,
, , 1989.
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11

503

504 IV:

12
12.1
12.1.1
11 177 km2, 557 km2
.
- , -
, -, -,
- .
12.1.
, , 1991
377 410 2001 404 182 , 7%
( 2001 ,
2001
1991). 12.1, ,
.
12.1 (1991, 2001)

(km2)

4 242
2 543
1 793
1 587
1 012
11 177

100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
45.8%
48.0%

(1991)

143 752
103 190
91 063
4 156
35 249
377 410

(1991)

100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
4.4%
25.9%

(2001)

149 354
110 828
101 856
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404 182

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.
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600 mm, 600 1 000 mm,
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12.2.1
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().
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52 788 km2. 3 344 km2. . , .
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m3/s, 234 m3/s 921 m3/s (, 1988).
, ,

.
,
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271.1 m3/s
19711973 (, 1996). .

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(19351970). 29% (435 hm3/)

,
, .

12

509

 6 130 km2.
2 429 km2.
3 140 hm3 (, 1989). 1 500 hm3,
,
939 hm3. , 435 hm3, .
1 280 hm3 1 424 hm3 . 58 m3/s
( 19641970) (-, 1994).
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12.2 , 19641983 (m3/s)

19.9

29.6

47.2

47.4

53.7

57.5

67.8

21.2

32.9

54.8

54.7

62.9

65

75.7

68.4

49.3

21.9

12.7

13.2 488.6

73.3

52.4

23.7

13.5

13.8 543.9

: /

1 486 km2. 796 mm (, 1988).
4.9 m3/s ( 19781987) (, 1994).

() 602 km2. 685 mm (, 1988). 3.6 m3/s ( 19781987) (, 1994).

, ,
, , , , , . , , ,
,
20002004. , , , , , ,
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510 IV:

 .

(, )
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19982001 , , . . ,
,
, ( 1), (50 mg/L NO3). 95%
25 mg/L,
(81.9 mg/L NO3) (61.1 mg/L NO3). 19982001 30% ,
(20002004)
85%
.
20002004, 75/440/ 3 (0.7 mg/L P2O5),
. , 2 (1.5 mg/L NH4)
.
,
, 3, . .
( )
( . 2/1-2-2001) . . ( ),
(
. 2/1-2-2001).

19982001 (
) 4 , ,
12

511

,
.

1. , , , 2000
2004 ( ) 30 mg/L.
,
12 mg/L. ,
0.7 mg/L , (: 4.12mg/L P2O5 : 3.55 mg/L P2O5),
.

( . 2/1-2-2001) .

,
19891996 ( ), .
(, )
.

20002004, ,
.

1.
.

20002004 ,
1
( 75/440/).

20002004
, , ,
pH, , 512 IV:

 , (0.94 mg/L P2O5)

0.7 mg/L P2O5 . (37.0 mg/L NO3 2000 31.9 mg/L NO3 2003)
(11.3 mg/L NO3).
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0.05 mg/L NH4 1,
2 (1 mg/L NH4). , ,
2.
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() ()
20002001
1
( 75/440/), .

4
: , . ,
.
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. ,
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3000 S/cm 10 meq/L Cl.
,
19911997 0.442.25 mg/L NO3 0.0250.776
mg/L NH4 . 0.011.28 mg/L P ,
1.5 mg/L ( 10%).
. 19982001 , 95% 50 mg/L NO3 340 meq/L Cl- (
, ).
(45 meq/L SO4 32000 mhos/cm 95%
), 20012004
1.1 mg/L 25.

12

513


.

( 2/1-2-2001)

2000/60/,
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12.2.2

.
:
. , . .
68 hm3 (, 1994).
. ,
. .
48 hm3 (, 1994).
-. ,
, ,

,
. 86 hm3 (, 1994).
.
. 39%
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.
:
.
,
- ,
--.
. .
:

514 IV:

,
.

,
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6 m3/s, 50%
.

.
( 80 km2),
.
.
75 km2 20 hm3.
.
. 17 hm3/.


, ,

- .
, 2 m. ,
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1 1 . ,
, .
12

515

 .
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( ) .
, - .
o (19931994) (19961999).
20042005.
,
, ( , . , 1994),
1993 13 .
:


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,
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1996 1999 32
1999.
, .

516 IV:

 (30) / .

() ,
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46 , 28 .
.
,

( ), .
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4156 mg/L 61 mg/L ( 1203)
17.574.8 mg/L 42 mg/L ( 1201). 3 mg/L,
(
) 1.5 mg/L.


,
.
(20042005) . ,
.
, 19931999 , ( )
.
1088 mg/L 45 mg/L.
, , NO3
. , 1225, 1237 1238, ( 1238)
35 mg/L.
20042005 1209 (), 1237 1238 () 90 mg/L, 92 mg/L 77 mg/L NO3
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1225 , 867 mg/L Cl- 450

12

517

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, , .
20042005 ( 1210.3).
. 1221.3 1221.5 (158 183 mg/L NO3) , (360 233 mg/L
Cl-).
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, ,

.
12.2.3
.
(1989), 7 500 hm3/ .
(10 620 km2)
(778 mm),
8 262 hm3. ( ,
, ) 10 200 hm3,

2 700 hm3 .
12.3.
12.3

(km )
(mm)
(hm3)

(hm3)

(hm3)
(hm3)

. & . . .
6 987
2 783
850
778
778
778
5 436
2 165
661
62%
62%
62%
3 370
1 342
410
3%
20%
90%
62
165
226
2 004
658
25

518 IV:

10 620
8 262
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453
2 687

.
,
.
, .
() 85%, () 15%,
() 20%.
12.4
2

(km )
(mm)
(hm3)
65% (hm3)


(hm3)
(hm3)

385
172
542
600
209
103
136
67
K

40%
100%
48
29
25
7

557
312
203

77
32

. , 680 hm3 ( 1997) ,
72 hm3 ( 1999) (, 2002). 6 hm3.
12.1
.

12.3
12.1 .
12.3.1
(1991) 3 358 386
. 1 199 640
1991 1 002 957 690 hm3
. 825.2 hm3/.
12.5
. (1999/2000) 1 680 278 .
( 12.5) -

12

519

 . 70 hm3 (, 1994).
12.6, ,
. . , ,
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12.5
-
1

--

-
--

---

: (1988)

(.)

186 hm3 ,

134 000
100 000
89 000
33 000
73 000
13 000
26 000
60 000
528 000

32 000
122 000
9 500
20 000
183 500
711 500

12.6

--
-
( )

: , 1990.

520 IV:

(.)

300 000
17 000
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353 500

 12.7, , . 100%
.
12.7

(.)
40 000
321 000
361 000

530 000
12 000
101 000
1 004 000

: , (1995).

12.3.2
(1995), 4.5
hm3/ 2.6 hm3/ . 7.1
hm3/.
12.3.3
(1999),
300 t .
12.3.4
404 182 (, 2002).
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(-) 11.8 hm3.
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,
.
:
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.
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521

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m3 : 25625, 27470, 13360.

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,
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).

12.4


12.812.12. 12.8

, 12.912.12
. , 12 2 000 , ,
.
12.8

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TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

6 571
6 225
2 544
530

16 870
408

24 157
3 402
34 130
29 661
11 401
47 287
1 085
2
20 501
38
3
978

, :
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522 IV:

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, ,

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.
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.
<2 000

333 917
105 401
228 516
152 560

BOD
(t/)

TSS
(t/)

N
(t/)

P
(t/)

2 116
1 616
500
2 339
6 571

2 068
1 443
626
2 088
6 225

938
462
476
668
2 544

195
96
99
139
530

12.10

<2 000
2 000 9 999
10 000 14 999
15 000 149 999
150 000

27 972

14 445

12

152 560
42 417

180 500

111 000

7
19

1 746

291 500

226 770

486 477

228 516

180
90
18

387
46
0

11 150
16 870
408

12.11

(km2)
N (t/)
P (t/)

3 485
1 045
35

&

3 630
1 815
181

3 468
13 874
173

12.12

BOD (t/)
TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

19 673
23 954
885
20

1 620
1 887
117
7

716
1 205
9
0

63
76
7
2

2 085
2 539
67
9

24 157
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12

523

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11
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+
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[5]

GR1110002

GR1120004

GR1140007

[1] 91/271/EOK
[2] 91/676/EOK
[3] 92/43/EOK
[4] 79/409/OK
[5] 76/160/EOK

19 (SCI) 6
(SPA),
, , ,
,
91/271/ ,

528 IV:

.
.

12.6 -

12.14.
12.14 v

(hm3)
6 800
1 827
154
116
8 897

7 500 hm3 . ( )
63.5 hm3 ( 5% ).
, ,
5% ,
340 hm3.
12.15.
12.15 (hm3)

825.2
7.1
27.9
11.0
871.2

247.5*
0.6
2.5
2.5
253.1

* 30%

, , ( ,
, ). ,
, , ( , ).

12

529


, .
151 hm3 (-, 1994). 40% .
1.9 hm3 0.75
hm3 .

100% .

,
(). ( , ,
), .
,
.
0.3 hm3 .

12.7 ,
, .
, .
(). .

. .

, , , .

12.8
(
, , ) 10 200 hm3,
2 700 hm3
. 200 hm3

530 IV:

 300 hm3 . 77 hm3/ 32

hm3/.
,

.
,
, .
, . (, , ),
.
.
, . ,
(, , ) .

, .
, .


,
().
( ,
, ),
.
( 2000/60/), .

.

,
.
, .
( .).

12

531


() ( ,
).
, .
, , , , , .

. ,
.

2 000
.

.
( )
.
19 (SCI) 6
(SPA),
, , , , , , ,
. .

12.9
Kounis, G. D., Evaluation of vulnerability and quality of groundwater resources in
Greece, IGME, 1986.
, ., , , 1994.
, 195074, , 1980.
, , , 2002.
, , , , , 1988.
, , 20002001.

532 IV:

ENM ,
, , ,
2006.
, 17
1991, , 1994.
, 199293, , 1995.
, -, , , , 1998.
, 19941996, , 1999.
, , , 1999.
, , , ( 2001), (http://www.statistics.gr/), , 2002.
, ,
3, , , 1996.
, , , 1989.
, , Monitoring results for substances of
List II 76/464/EEC Directive in the lakes and rivers of Greece during 19981999.
-, ,
1994.
, ,
, , 1989.
, - , , , 1994.
, ( 91/676/), , , 1999.
, atura 2000, , 2000.
, 91/271/
, , , 2002.
Y
, ,
, , 2001.

12

533

534 IV:

13
13.1
13.1.1

, . , , . 8 336 km2.
, , 1991 540 054
2001 601 131 , 11.3%.
13.1.
13.1 (1991, 2001)

(km2)

2 641
2 376
1 496
1 823
8 336

100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%

(2001)
(1991)
(1991)

264 906
133 774
70 095
71 279
540 054

100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%

292 489
150 387
81 936
76 319
601 131

41.5%, 12.3%,
46.2%.
, ,
, II, 2.1.
(. 3199/2003) ,
.

,
:

,
(, ,
, , , , , , , , , ,
).

13

535

& , & , & ,

, . (, , , ).

,
.

, :
,

(....),
& .
13.1.2 -
(3/4 ) .

(2 454 m), (2 456 m)
(2 147 m) (1 476 m). ,
( ,
). , .
,
.
,
. ,
,
.
. , :
-. , Plattenkalk, .

536 IV:

 , ( ) , - , -
().
.
. , .

( ).
-. , , , ,
, ( ).
. : , , ( ).
-.
-, , ( ).
.
, , , , ,
. ( ).
,
, .
. , .
13.1.3
-.
.

(1980) 930 mm. ( ), (1 700 mm) . . 13.2
.
18.5C
20C ().
14C 15C. .
.
3.5 4.5 . 65% 68%.

13

537


.
13.2

(mm)

412

517

665

1 190

1 477

2 085
: (1989)

13.1.4

( ) .
, , , , .
,
,
, ,
(), . , 90% , , .
-,
, (, 20072013).
(- )

(, , , , ).
, ,
,
.
.
127 000 (2001) - . : , , 538 IV:

 ( ), ,
. - .
(, 1996) 13.3.
13.3

()

()

64 600
35 088
(17 737)
99 787
(8 982)

32.4%
17.6%
(8.9%)
50%
(4.5%)

.
13.4 (, 1996) .
13.4

9 106 763
603 174
9 709 937

93.8%
6.2%

()
(, ),
.
, , , 60%
.
(89 100 ).
,
.
,

, ,
(
)
.
, ,
,
.

13

539

13.2
13.2.1
, ,
,
. ,
600 km2. , , . (, ), .
,
300 hm3 . 1 300 hm3.
, , 553 537 km2 , ,
. .
, , 1520% , 6075
hm3 5570 hm3 .


, .
, , , , .
, .
.

1993
1997 : . , -
.
.
1 75/440/.

540 IV:


0.893.37 mg/L NO3.
0.0250.052 mg/L NH4 0.010.036 mg/L -.
, 75/440/ (5.20 meq/L SO4). -
1.04.7 meq/LSO4, 2.0 meq/L SO4
95% 3.30 meq/L SO4.


(, , SAR, ) , 50 m
19931997.

. 1 75/440/.
0.44
2.30 mg/L NO3, ( ) 1.95 mg/L NO3. 0.028 0.057 mg/L NH4, 0.046 mg/L
NH4 95% 0.056 mg/L NH4.

1993.


, 1
75/440/.
,
250 mg/L
( ) 75/440/ .
13.2.2
, ,

, -
. .
. , , .
.
-

13

541

 (Cl-),
.

. , , , .

, 2 454 m,
850 km2 (, 1990). . .

: , 40 hm3,
-, 115 hm3,
, 180 hm3.
(, ,
), 30 hm3 .

1 500 mm (1 700 , 1 600 ).
722 hm3 , 23 m3/s. 1 m3/s 37 km2 .
, 10.8 m3/s
(, 1990).


510 km2 200 km2, 710 km2.
- :
, , ,
,
- . ,
, .
250 hm3
, - 15 hm3.
.

542 IV:

 1 300 mm.

- 440 hm3 ,
14 m3/s. 1 m3/s 50 km2
.
9 m3/s (, 1990).
---
, 870 km2.
, . , 70 hm3 , - , 80 hm3,
(, ).
780 mm.
340 hm3 ,
10.8 m3/s. 1 m3/s
80 km2 . 2.2 m3/s (, 1990).

- , 367 km2, , ,

.
, -
-,
14 hm3,
, 6 hm3.
745 mm.
125 hm3/, 4 m3/s.

. 1
m3/s 90 km2 .

,
, ,
(, , ), , - .

13

543


.

(, , ), (, 1990).
,
.

, - .

.

.
, , (, 1994).
,
,
, .
.

(, 1979)
.
. .
.
, , , , .

.
o -

544 IV:

 (19931994) (19961999).
20042005, .
,
, ( , . , 1994),
1993 9 .
:


. 9 , 6 , 2 1
. 9 5 , 3 1 .
,
( ) ( , . , 1999), , 20
1996 1999 25
1999. , 10 ,
7 4 .

() ,
, , pH 20042005.
26 , 22 .
.

50 mg NO3/L.


, , .
1312, 50 mg/L (61
mg/L), (0.16 0.66 mg/L ). 1309 ( 0.68
mg/L).

13

545

 ,
. (
).
1304 ( , ), 20042005

50 mg/L 106 mg/L NO3,
( : 0.55 mg/L NO2).
, , (
). , (223 mg/L Cl-), (1320 mg/L SO4) (2380 S/cm) ,
.
.
(20042005) 1301, 1326 1327
30 mg/L
156 mg/L NO3. 1301
442
mg/L SO4 1587 S/cm .

( 1324, )
50 70 mg/L NO3 ,
, .
1323,
( : 2938 mg/L Cl-) ( : 9588 S/cm) . 1315 ()
1316 ,
, ( 146 mg/L NO3).
, 19961999 ( : 121, 0.37, 1.6
mg/L ), . 20042005
1317
50 mg/L,
250 mg/L Cl-.
( 1305), 20042005
41 mg/L NO3. , , . 546 IV:

 , -.

.

,

.
, ,

.
13.2.3
, 8 336
km2, , 900 mm (, 1980),
7 500 hm3.
65% , 4 874 hm3 .
, ,
35% , 2 625 hm3 .
98, 15 3%
, , . 1 000 hm3 ,
990 hm3 , 34 hm3 , 42 hm3
.
,
1 627 hm3.

22.6 m3/s, 700 hm3 . (1990) 800 hm3,
470 hm3 330 hm3 .
97, 85 2%
-, .
1 558 hm3 ,
21 hm3 , 193 hm3 1 344 hm3
-.

13

547

 ,
. , .
13.5 (hm3)

. . . .
2
(km )
1 946
2 454
724
3 212
8 336
(mm)
900
900
900
900
(hm3)
3 960
650
2 890
7 500
/
65%
65%
65%
65%
65%
3
. / (hm )
2 574
422
1 878
4 874

3%
15%
98%
3
(hm )
42
34
992*
1 068
(hm3)
1 344
193
21
1 558
* ,
,
. ,
1 300 hm3.

, 7 690 hm3,
4 830 hm3, 2 120 hm3 740
hm3.
13.1
.

13.3
13.1 .
13.6

(.)

(hm3/)

112 097
65.8

56 091
34.1

220 542
134.2

137 367
85.9

526 097
320.0
,
439.6 hm3, 1 079 093
( 108.9 hm3, 39.1 hm3, 202.9 hm3 88.7 hm3).

548 IV:

13.3.1
2 569 337
(, 1991). (1991)
526 097 .
13.7.
13.7

--

(.)

22 000
3 300
3 000
9 500
3 500
6 500
9 000
1 500
7 000
4 200
1 000
600
3 800
4 000
2 500
3 500
10 000
20 000
114 900

13

8 000
3 200
4 000
2 100
1 000
6 000
3 000
2 300
2 200
1 800
1 600
1 700
5 400
3 700
16 000
62 000

549

--
-

--

(.)

-,
,
,
,
,
,

8 500
9 300
12 400
8 000
16 000
8 000
14 000
1 400
800
300
600
700
1 000
1 800
2 700
1 600
1 500
1 500
4 000
94 100
(76 200 )

16 500
1 400
800
1 000
800
2 200
1 000
1 000
1 000
1 000
1 850
1 500
1 000
1 000
32 000

,
303 000 . , 44 200 , 27 hm3 ,
258 800 (),
155 hm3 .
526 097
(, 1991) ,

550 IV:

 . , 223 097 , , 134 hm3 .

, ,
, 320 hm3 , 27
hm3 290 hm3 (,
).
13.8 13.9 .
. , ( 5 hm3) .
13.8
N

(m3)
19 000 000
1 790 000
110 000
240 000
65 000
800 000
16 000 000
505 000
650 000
400 000
1 100 000
40 660 000

, , , ..
80% ( , 2002).
13.3.2
10.2 hm3 ,
9 hm3 1.2 hm3 .
, 6.2 hm3.
13.3.3
.
,
1999 15 t.
13.3.4
540 054 (,
1991) -

13

551

 13.11. ,
65.4
hm3 ( 17.5 hm3, 8.4 hm3, 30.2 hm3 9.3 hm3).
13.9

(m3)
28 600 000
18 500 000
1 030 000
1 000 000
600 000
49 730 000
1 500 000
280 000
1 100 000
2 150 000
5 030 000
530 000
13 000 000
600 000
14 130 000
300 000
8 000 000
1 500 000
5 000 000
45 000 000
5 000 000
15 000 000
1 300 000
81 100 000

13.10 hm3/

2.5
3.5
2.0
1.0
9.0

0.2
0.3
0.5
0.2
1.2

2.7
3.8
2.5
1.2
10.2

13.3.5
, .
,
. ,
4.1 hm3. ,
0.2 hm3 .

552 IV:

 13.11 (hm3)

10.10
4.35

5.58
2.50
*
20.89
9.27

5.76
2.60

42.33
18.72
* (, 1998) 1996 28.8 hm3, 2025 32 hm3.

13.3.6
. .
(55 00060 000 m3/
) 130 000140 000 m3/
( ). 20 000 m3/
( ) ( , 2002).
13.3.7
.

13.4


13.1213.16. 13.12 , 13.1313.16 . , 13
2000 , , .
13.12

BOD (t/)
TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

13 082
12 131
3 962
1 064

11 988
404

5 964
84
19 129
7 339
88
19 558
353
2
16 304
49
0
1 518

, :
(OD5) = 19 129 tn/
(TSS) = 19 558 tn/
13

553

 O () = 16 304 tn/
() = 1 518 tn/
, ,
.
13.13

>2 000 .

.
<2 000

556 324
268 555
287 769
234 043

BOD
(t/)

TSS
(t/)

N
(t/)

P
(t/)

4 747
4 117
630
3 588
13 082

4 464
3 676
788
3 203
12 131

1 468
1 176
292
1 025
3 962

425
245
180
214
1 064

13.14

<2 000
2 000 9 999
10 000 14 999
15 000 149 999
150 000

19

67 074

19

234 043
67 074

8
1

324 250
165 000

8
1
28

324 250
165 000
790 367

8 064

6
1
10

195 555
84 150
287 769

121
61
12

130
16
0

8 318
11 988
404

13.15

(km2)
N (t/)
P (t/)

282
85
3

&

5 518
2 759
276

2 267
9 068
113

13.16

BOD (t/)
TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

544
662
24
1

1 788
2 081
129
8

417
702
5
0

1 218
1 461
130
32

1 997
2 432
64
9

5 964
7 339
353
49

, (68%, 62% 70% ), (24%).

554 IV:


, 36%.

, (, , , . , , , ) (, , ). (
) 287 769, 36%
( 13.14). ,
, ( )
.
,
15 000, 19
2 000 10 000 .

2005, . ,
(30%) ,
.. 2 000.

15 000 ,
, 16
19 2 000 10 000
( 7 ).

2 000, ,
, , .

(31% 38% ),
(2% 3% ).
34% 18%
, (30% 36% ).
65%
, , (66%).
( )
( 13.12 13.15).
13

555

E . .
50%
. . 27% 74%
.
, 66% 27%
. 13.15,
23% 68%
, 76%
28%.
0.4%
0.5% . (, ) .
, .
,
.
.
(.. ).
(, 1988)
, .
, ,
.

.
,

.
.
, , (
91/676/).

556 IV:

13.5
13.17
6 V
2000/60/, .
34 (SCI) 22
(SPA).
13.17

()

-
-

-



(
)

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

GR4340006

GR4340020

GR4310003

GR4310003

GR4320008

GR4340013

GR4340015

[5]

GR4320011
GR4340002

GR4340017

GR4340018

GR4340005

GR4340006

GR4340012

GR4340010

13

557

-
,

-
-

. -

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

GR4340003

GR4340001
GR4340010

[5]

+
+

+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

GR4340002
GR4340015
GR4340005

+
+

558 IV:

,
,

(
)

()

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

GR4320006
GR4320015
+
+
+
+
+

13

559

,
.

()

-.

.
-.

-()

-
-
-
-

.

()

-


(
)

()
:
()

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

+
+

+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+

+
+

+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

GR4320003

GR4310002

GR4310004

GR4310005

GR4310006

560 IV:

( )
,
, ,
, ,
,

(
)

()

-
-

(,
,
)
-

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]
GR4310007

GR4310008

GR4310009
GR4310010

GR4310011

[1]

[2]

GR4320002

GR4320004

GR4320005

GR4320009

GR4320010

GR4320013

GR4330002

GR4330003

GR4330004

GR4330005

[5]

GR4320014

GR4330006

GR4330007

GR4330008

13

561

(
)
-

-



-
-

-

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

GR4330009

GR4340004
GR4340007

GR4340008

GR4340011

GR4340012

GR4340014

GR4340016

GR4340019

[1] 91/271/EOK
[2] 91/676/EOK
[3] 92/43/EOK
[4] 79/409/OK
[5] 76/160/EOK

13.6 -
,
, 13.18.
13.18 (hm3)

.
-.
10.10
4.35 0.87
5.58
2.50 0.50
20.89
9.27 1.85
5.76
2.60 0.52
42.33 18.72 3.74

.
65.80 26.32
34.10 13.64
134.20 53.68
85.90 34.36
320.00 128.00

562 IV:

.
2.70
3.80
2.50
1.20
10.20

0.22
0.32
0.21
0.10
0.85

78.60
43.48
157.59
92.86
372.53

- .
.
70.15 27.41
36.60 14.76
143.47 55.74
88.50 34.98
338.72 132.59

 ,
515 hm3.
, (142
hm3). ,
400 hm3/
.
, , 47 hm3.
,
(, 1998),
.
13.19 , .

, .

550 hm3 . ,
200 hm3/, 120 hm3/,
50 hm3/, (, ) 180
hm3/.
(2002)
- .
850 hm3
550 hm3 , .

.

460 hm3, , ,
550 hm3.

.
164 hm3 133 hm3 .
( )
70 hm3, 100 hm3, .

.

13

563

 13.19 (hm3)

577
352
271
100
1 300

340
283
157
20
800**

80

1 560***

82
14
62
22
180****

* ,
. , (
, -, --, ).
** 470 hm3 330 hm3 ().
*** .
**** .
.

13.7
,
. .
,
. , , - ,
(.. ).

7 500 hm3 . 1 558
hm3, 58% .
, , 1 370 hm3 .

: , -, --, .
800 hm3 ( ), 470 hm3
330 hm3 . 500 hm3 .
320 hm3. .
.

564 IV:


, , ( ),
.

.
.

, 10%.
.
, , 180
hm3, .

- . , .

, ,
( ).
, , ,
1 ( 75/440/). ,

.
, , , , . ,
,
. .
.
34 (SCI) 22
(SPA).
,
(, , , , .),
.

, (, , ), -

13

565


.
, ,
, , , .
, . ,
.
, , . , .
. . , , ,
.

(, .)
,
. , , , , ,
.


.
, , .
( ) ( ). , .
, , ,

566 IV:

 2000 ( )
. ( ) .
, ,
.

13.8
Binnie and Partners, and Constantinides, Appraisal of the Costal Groundwater Resources of Greece, 1984.
, 195074, , 1980.
, , 20002001.
, 17
1991, , 1994.
, 199293, , 1995.
, -, , , , 1998.
, 19941996, , 1999.
, , , 1999.
, , , ( 2001), (http://www.statistics.gr/), , 2002.
, ., . ,
,
,
, 1995.
, ,
4, , , 1996.
, ., , ,
1991.
, , Monitoring results for substances of
List II 76/464/EEC Directive in the lakes and rivers of Greece during 19981999.
, , ,
2002.
, ,
, , 1989.

13

567

,
, ,
, 1990.
, , 1996.
,
,
, , 2001.
, - , , , 1994.
, , & Montgomery Watson,
1998.
, ( 91/676/), , , 1999.
, atura 2000, , 2000.
, 91/271/
, , , 2002.

568 IV:

14
14.1
14.1.1

, , , .
, . 9 104 km2.
, .
, - .
50.
39 , 300
8 662 km2.
, , 1991
456 712 2001 508 807 ,
11.4%. 31.7%, 20.3%,
48.0%. 14.1.
14.1 (1991, 2001)

(2001)
(1991)
(1991)
(km2)

2 714
2 154
778
904
2 554
9 104

100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
99.3%

163 476
105 082
41 965
52 184
94 005
456 712

100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%

190 071
109 118
43 595
53 408
112 615
508 807

, ,
, II, 2.1.
(. 3199/2003), :
,
.
() .
14

569


,
:

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(, , ,
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).

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.

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,

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14.1.2 -
, ,
(1215 m), (1186 m) (968 m). 160 m.
,
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, , 500 km2 ( 1630,
1398 841 km2). ,

570 IV:

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(, )
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.
16.9C 19.9C ( 16.9C, 19.2C). (
1991). 14.2 , . , ().
14

571

 14.2

&

(mm)
379
349
520
603
818

14.3
, ( 1991):
14.3 (C)

20.5 16.4 13.3 11.5 12

P
17.9 13.9 10.2 8.1 8.8

13.4

17.8

20.5 25

27.3

27.6 24.9

19.2

10.4

14.8

19.2 23.8

26.6

26.2 22.7

16.9

14.1.4

, .

, , ,
, .
, ,
, ,
,
. , (
), ( ) (, ,
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, (17.4%, 24.4%, 58.2%,
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572 IV:

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(
, , ).
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14.2
14.2.1
. , 270 km2.
, , .
,
, 14.1.3,
14.2 (.
572).
14.4 (mm)

RO+I

RO+I

RO+I

RO+I

RO+I

194.4
20.0
170.4
103.9
13.0
50.9
108.9
12.9
57.0
80.0
26.3
48.2
55.6
15.0
32.4

101.6
22.9
78.7
53.9
16.5
37.4
103.3
13.8
90.5
58.2
28.9
29.7
36.7
18.1
20.1

90.1
30.8
59.3
59.3
25.1
34.2
71.0
27.0
45.0
35.0
37.0
0.0
39.0
26.9
13.9

23.1
33.7
0.0
25.8
47.2
0.0
67.9
51.6
17.3
22.3
24.0
0.0
16.5
24.1
0.0

20.3
35.8
0.0
28.9
41.4
0.0
26.8
56.6
0.0
16.4
19.8
0.0
18.8
24.7
0.0

1.2
31.2
0.0
11.3
36.2
0.0
5.4
28.7
0.0
2.8
8.6
0.0
9.6
19.9
0.0

0.5
34.0
0.0
9.6
38.7
0.0
2.1
30.9
0.0
0.0
6.8
0.0
5.9
18.3
0.0

0.0
30.5
0.0
7.1
32.3
0.0
1.5
26.2
0.0
0.0
6.5
0.0
0.0
11.5
0.0

0.0
21.6
0.0
18.4
32.7
0.0
9.4
24.4
0.0
5.8
10.5
0.0
1.1
8.9
0.0

74.8
71.1
0.8
39.4
42.9
0.0
51.1
52.4
0.0
27.7
29.9
0.0
52.7
53.2
0.0

110.3
42.4
18.4
79.7
35.0
4.9
90.4
32.1
7.9
53.8
49.6
0.3
47.8
35.1
1.6

202.1
26.7
90.1
83.0
19.1
12.8
65.3
18.4
10.4
77.2
33.3
20.3
65.3
19.8
5.6

818.4
400.7
417.7
520.3
380.1
140.2
603.1
375.0
228.1
379.2
281.2
98.5
349.0
275.5
73.6

P =
=
RO+I =

14

573

 , , . , , ,
(, ).
14.5 .

RMHN, Thornthwaite.

1991.
, .
.
14.5

(mm)
818

/*
(mm)
400 (49%)

**

***
(mm)

***
(mm)

62.7 (15%)
355.3 (85%)

405.4 (97%)
12.1 (3%)

167.2 (40%)
250.8 (60%)

21.0 (15%)
119.0 (85%)
520
380 (73%)

135.8 (97%)
4.2 (3%)

56.0 (40%)
84.0 (60%)

603
375 (62%)

193.0 (85%)
34.2 (15%)

6.8 (3%)
221.2 (97%)
136.8 (60%)
91.2 (40%)

14.7 (15%)
83.3 (85%)
379
281 (74%)

95.1 (97%)
2.9 (3%)

39.2 (40%)
58.8 (60%)

11.1 (15%)
62.9 (85%)
349
275 (79%)

71.8 (97%)
2.2 (3%)

29.6 (40%)
44.4 (60%)

*
. .
** 97% 3%
.
1991.
*** .

2000
2001 (), (),
(), () (),

574 IV:

20042005.
, .
, (), (), (), ()
() '
1 ( 75/440/).

20002002 '
( 75/440/) 1.
(, , pH, ) (<6) .
14.2.2
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, . (14

575

, 1989) , ,
, 14.6.
.
14.6

(
)*
(m3/h)

500
400
80***
3 900
40
400***
150***
150***
40***

*
(hm3/)

4.40
3.50
0.70
34.00
0.35
3.50
1.30
1.30
0.35

*
(hm3/)

20.00
8.50
14.00
0.22****

*
(hm3/)

24.40
12.00
48.00
-

. **
(hm3/)

140.00
29.00
40.00
60.00
7.00
17.00
24.00
0.40
8.00
2.00

* (, 1989).
.
** Binnie & Partners et al. (1984) .
*** .

.
**** .

.
, ,
.
.

(, ).
/ (2006) 47 ( 10 ) 19852001,
5328.6 hm3, 2816.5 hm3,
733.5 hm3 1778.2 hm3.
14.1
.

576 IV:

 14.7

km2

mm

-
*

hm3
hm3
hm3
hm3

32
195
35
151
36
73
73
84
99
131
380
194
85
428
121
38
76
108
41

379
379
379
379
379
379
379
379
349
349
349
349
379
379
379
379
379
379
379

12.1
73.9
13.3
57.2
13.6
27.7
27.7
31.8
34.5
45.7
132.6
67.7
32.2
162.2
45.9
14.4
28.8
40.9
15.5
877.7

8.88
57.76
9.77
42.33
10.06
20.50
20.50
23.53
27.25
36.10
104.75
53.48
23.83
120.03
33.89
10.66
21.31
30.27
11.47
666.37

50%
50%
30%
40%
90%
60%
10%
25%
10%
10%
25%
20%
20%
50%
70%
20%
60%
15%
50%

1.5
7.9
1.0
2.4
1.3
4.2
0.1
0.8
0.1
0.1
2.8
1.1
0.25
20.45
8.1
0.1
1.8
0.24
0.8
55.04

1.62
8.34
2.43
12.47
2.24
3.00
7.10
7.47
7.15
9.50
25.05
13.12
8.12
21.72
3.81
3.64
5.69
10.39
3.23
156.09

34
53
111
290
41
58
63
28
1 398
301
66
97

603
818
818
818
818
818
818
818
818
818
818
818

20.5
43.4
90.8
237.2
33.5
47.4
51.5
22.9
1 143.6
246.2
54
79.3
2 070.4

12.71
21.22
44.50
116.23
16.41
23.23
25.23
11.22
560.36
120.64
26.46
38.86
1 017.07

15%
30%
90%
60%
5%
100%
80%
100%
60%
40%
80%
40%

0.2
2.6
40.4
29.0
0.1
23.4
20.4
11.3
140
20.1
21.4
15.7
324.6

7.59
19.48
5.90
91.97
16.99
0.77
5.87
0.38
443.24
105.46
6.14
25.74
729.53

476
255
30

603
603
603

287.0
153.8
18.1
458.9

177.94
95.36
11.22
284.52

70%
40%
100%

21.8
1.3
0.5
23.6

87.26
57.14
6.38
150.78

476
1 630
43

520
603
520

247.5
982.9
22.4
1 252.8

180.67
609.40
16.28
806.35

70%
40%
100%

7
59.8
2.4
69.2

59.83
313.70
3.62
377.15

**

14

577

842
40

603
603

507.7
24.1
531.8

314.77
14.94
329.71

5 191.6

3 104.02

70%
10%

(60%)

54
0.14
54.14

138.93
9.02
147.95

526.6 1 561.50
(10%)

(30%)

: Binnie & Partners et al. (1984). E BEMERMHN.

* , . . , 3%
. , , ,
, , 3040%.
,
. .
** 300 .
, .

. .
.
() . (Kounis, 1986) . .



0.5 -5 .


.

.
,

.
578 IV:

 , , , ,
.

14.3
14.1 .
14.3.1
1 645 236 . (, 1991) 130 387 . , 1994 204 500 .
14.8 1991, 1994

()
1991 ()
32 690
31 021
41 360
13 068
12 248
130 387

1994 ()
56 000
46 000
60 000
30 000
12 500
204 500

(hm3/)*
1991
1994
20.8
22.4
21.5
18.4
23.2
24.0
7.8
12.0
6.9
5.0
80.2
81.8

* 400
m3// , .

/ (2006),
95.2 hm3 ( 23.9 hm3, 24.5
hm3, 32.7 hm3, 6.5 hm3 7.7 hm3).
,
, 14.9.

73 015 .
.
,
,
.
14.1014.13 (14.10),
(14.11), (14.12) (14.13), . 14

579

 ,
20 000 30 000 .
14.9




.







---





.

(.)

2 200
1 500
1 100
700
1 700
580
300
900

&

()

6 000
5 000
3 300
1 000

&

.

&

2 000
20
11 800
8 500
2 000
3 000
2 000
4 000
8 990
4 400
700
370
475

14.3.2
6.8 hm3, 5 hm3
1.8 hm3 .
/ (2006),
4 hm3 ( 0.96 hm3, 1.27
hm3, 1.32 hm3, 0.29 hm3, 0.17 hm3).
14.3.3
,
1999, 188 t.

580 IV:

 14.10

(m3)

200 000
215 000
8 100 000
300 000
38 000
8 853 000

180 000
1 000 000
2 900 000
600 000
300 000
4 980 000

800 000
300 000
160 000
1 260 000

90 000
560 000
580 000
1 920 000
3 150 000

180 000
160 000
260 000
600 000
18 843 000

: (1996), (2002)

14.3.4
456 712
15 000 000 ( )
14.15.
/ (2006),
( 2005) 53.9 hm3 ( 22.2 hm3, 13.2 hm3, 9.6 hm3, 4.5 hm3, 4.3 hm3).

14

581

 14.11 ()

**
*

**

**

**

**

(m3)

1 100 000
155 000
400 000
2 000 000
2 000 000
5 655 000

700 000
240 000
1 500 000
2 440 000

80 000
80 000

2 300 000
300 000
1 500 000
1 000 000
700 000
360 000
6 160 000

230 000
3 230 000
3 460 000
18 235 000

: (1996), (2002)
* .
** .

14.3.5
.
, . , .
(, ), (, ) (, ).
. / (2006),

582 IV:

 1.24 hm3 ( 0.28 hm3, 0.24 hm3,

0.48 hm3, 0.14 hm3, 0.09 hm3).
14.12 ()

&

-.

(m3)

500 000
400 000
2 000 000
2 000 000
2 000 000
95 000
1 000 000
60 000
700 000
25 000
160 000
220 000
11 160 000

300 000
180 000
230 000
1 900 000
350 000
1 000 000
1 300 000
150 000
3 000 000
220 000
400 000
300 000
400 000
400 000
10 130 000

700 000
440 000
1 140 000

14

583

(m3)

400 000
12 000 000
360 000
700 000
350 000
750 000
13 500 000

1 025 000
1 000 000
2 025 000
37 515 000

: (1996), (2002)
* .

14.13 ( )

21
22
14
6
7
70

(m3)
25 668 000
17 550 000
22 810 000
2 480 000
5 855 000
74 363 000

: (1996)

14.14 (hm3/)

0.8
1.6
2.1
0.3
0.2
5.0

0.3
0.7
0.6
0.1
0.1
1.8

1.2
2.3
2.6
0.4
0.3
6.8

14.3.6
.
(>100C),
(, ). 300C
584 IV:

 . ,
, , . , .
14.15 (hm3)

-
7.44
3.10
329.00
1.39
1.62
16.84

15.18
7.15
7.77
3.25
3.84
37.19

14.3.7
, , , .
.
,
.

14.4

III 14.1614.20. ,
14.16
, 14.1714.20
. , 14 2 000 ,
,
.
14.16

BOD (t/)
TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

11 645
10 938
3 766
889

7 559
408

13 110
24 755
16 782
27 720
551
11 876
24
1 320

, :
(OD5) = 24 755 tn/
(TSS) = 27 720 tn/

14

585

 O () = 11 876 tn/
() = 1 320 tn/
, ,
, .
14.17

>2 000 .

.
<2 000

571 235
225 296
345 939
210 174

BOD
(t/)

TSS
(t/)

N
(t/)

P
(t/)

4 211
3 454
758
3 222
11 645

4 031
3 084
947
2 877
10 938

1 423
987
436
921
3 766

348
206
143
192
889

14.18

<2 000
2 000 9 999
10 000 14 999
15 000 149 999
150 000

37
1
12

143 255
10 960
417 020

.
37
1
12

210 174
143 255
10 960
417 020

50

781 409

10

38 477

11

307 462

21

345 939

116
58
12

447
54
0

9 023
7 559
408

14.19

(km2)
N (t/)
P (t/)

684
205
7

&

6 818
3 409
341

958
3 833
48

14.20

BOD (t/)
TSS (t/)
N (t/)
P (t/)

8 922
10 864
402
9

963
1 122
69
4

1 877
3 159
23
1

174
209
19
5

1 173
1 429
38
5

13 110
16 782
551
24

, (47%, 40% 67% ),

(32%).

586 IV:


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,
,
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587


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14

589

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594 IV:

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/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

/
/

+
+

/
/
/
/
/
/
/

+
+
+
+
+
+
+

/
/
/

+
+
+

596 IV:

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

/
/

+
+

/
/

+
+

/
/
/
/

+
+
+
+

/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/

GR4210008

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

/
/
/
/
/
/
/

+
+
+
+
+
+
+

/
/

+
+

14

597

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

/
/
/
/
/

+
+
+
+
+

/
/

+
+

/
/

+
+

/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

/
/
/
/

+
+
+
+

/
/

+
+

598 IV:

1
2

, .

:
, ,

,
, ,

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

/
/
/
/

+
+
+
+

/
/
/

+
+
+

/
/

+
+

/
/
/

+
+
+

GR4220002

GR4220005

GR4220023

GR4220012

14

599

.
.
.

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

GR4220003

GR4220004
GR4220011

GR4220019

[5]

+
+
+

+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+

GR4220010

600 IV:

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

GR4220010

GR4220010

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+

+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+

GR4220009
GR4220009
GR4220009

+
+
+
+

GR4220009

GR4220009

GR4220009

+
+
+

GR4220008

14

601

.
.

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+

+
+
+

+
+

+
+

602 IV:

()

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

[5]

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+

+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+

+
+

GR4110003

GR4120002

14

603

:
-

-

:
-
:
-
:

:


:



:

:


:

[1]

[2]

Natura

(SCI) [3]
(SPA) [4]

GR4120003

GR4210002

GR4210006

GR4220001

GR4220003

GR4220014

GR4220018

GR4220008

GR4220001

[5]

GR4120003

[1] 91/271/EOK
[2] 91/676/EOK
[3] 92/43/EOK
[4] 79/409/OK
[5] 76/160/EOK

14.6 -
, , 300 .
, . , ,
, . -

604 IV:

 ( , .).
14.22 (hm3/)

15.18
7.44
20.80
1.20
7.15
3.10
21.50
2.30
7.77
3.29
23.20
2.60
3.25
1.39
7.80
0.40
3.84
1.62
6.90
0.30
37.19
16.84
80.20
6.80

*
37.18
28.74
30.95
25.56
33.57
27.57
11.45
9.36
11.04
8.64
124.19
99.87

* -
5/12 .

14.23

37.18

30.95

33.57

11.45

11.04

124.19

-
-
.
*

**
***
**

28.74
25.56
27.57
9.36
8.64
99.87

37.1
48.5
3.5
-

324
55
69
19
19
486

25.6
17.5
22.8
2.5
5.9
74.3

730
156
377
155
182
1 600

* : (1989)
** Binnie & Partners et al. (1984) .
, ,
,
. 300 , .
***
, .

,
, , , :
,
(, , ) .
,
.
. ,
. ,
, .

14

605

 .


. , .
. .
.
, .
(2001), ,
:

,

, , .
.
( 14.24)
, ,
, .

14.7
(, 1989)
, . , .

.
, ,
,
, .

.
, - (),
, , .
39
300 . , , 606 IV:

, (), 5
.
14.24

()

/

2 000 m3/
3 000 m3/

,


.

()



300 hm3/

5 870 000
2 348 000
4 402 000
4 696 000
1 467 000
2 641 000
1 761 000
2 935 000
2 348 000
880 000
1 761 000
1 174 000
11 739 000
880 000
1 467 000
587 000
352 000
147 000

: (2001)

:

,
5 200 hm3/. 3 100 hm3/ ( 60%), 525 hm3/
( 10%), 1560 hm3/ ( 30%). 300
, .
(2001),

-.
, .
( 350
818 mm), ,
.

14

607

 , ,
, ,
, .
525 hm3/ ,
, ,
.
,
,
,
.
, , ,
, , 70%,
.
,
, ,

(, , , , , .).
() (, , , ).
(2001), , :
. , , , , , , ,


.
. ,
. .
1 600 hm3
10%. .
,
, .

.
75 hm3/, , -

608 IV:

 - 100
hm3 .
, , , , . ,

.
, - , :

.
,
,

. , , .

. , -.
.
. , ,
,
,
.
.
.
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14

609

 , .
.

100C. . (300C)
(400C), , , , , . , ,
, , , , , ,
, , ,
(, ) ,
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, .
,
,
, .

, , .
,
, , .

, . , , .
. , ,
, ,
.
,
, 2 000 .
( ) .

14.8
Binnie and Partners, and Constantinides, Appraisal of the Coastal Groundwater Resources of Greece, 1984.
Kounis, G. D., Evaluation of vulnerability and quality of groundwater resources in
Greece, IGME, 1986.
610 IV:

UNEP, Water Resources Master Plan of the Island of Rhodes, 1996.

, 195074, , 1980.
, .,
, 9, , , 1989.
, , 20002001.
, 17
1991, , 1994.
, 199293, , 1995.
, -, , , , 1998.
, 19941996, , 1999.
, , , 1999.
, , , ( 2001), (http://www.statistics.gr/), , 2002.
, , 1989.
/ ( , , ,
TERRAMENTOR ), , 2006.
, ,
4, , , 1996.
, ,
2001.
, , Monitoring results for substances of
List II 76/464/EEC Directive in the lakes and rivers of Greece during 19981999.
, ,
, , 1989.
, , 1996.
, , . . , 1989.
, , 1996.
,
,
, , 2001.
, - , , , 1994.
14

611

, ( 91/676/), , , 1999.
, atura 2000, , 2000.
, 91/271/
, , , 2002.

612 IV:

 V:

1.
( 3 ),
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.
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613

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614 V:

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615

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, :
01, 02, 04 05, 850 mm .
03, 07, 08, 09, 10, 11 12, 600 850 mm.
06 14, 600 mm.
,
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08, 09, 10, 11 12,
75% .
04, 05 07,
7585% .
01, 02, 03, 06, 13 14, 85% .
, , .
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616 V:

 05, 09, 10, 11 12, 5 34 (09) 4.55 (10).

01, 02, 03, 06, 07, 08, 13 14,
5 (04) 6 (13).
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622 V:

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628 V:

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1.1
131 957 km2 ,
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K VI).
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VI.1
..
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14

(km2)*
1991
2001**

7 301
314 059
331 180

7 310
562 859
615 288

8 477
277 229
288 285

10 199
305 512
312 516

10 026
445 658
464 093

3 207 3 502 724

3 737 959
12 341
560 924
577 955

13 377
730 945
750 445

13 440
569 684
596 891

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1 362 190

7 280
390 848
412 732

11 177
377 410
404 182

8 335
540 054
601 131

9 103
456 712
508 807

131 962 10 260 458

10 964 020

* 131 957 km .

** 2001 (. ).

1.

629

 VI.2
..

- ..

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<50%
1
2
3
4
5
6
01

02

02

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03, 06
03

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, . 1739/1987 ,
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637

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(km2)
(km)

(hm3)

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08
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11
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749
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145
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05
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52
650
26
07
718
55
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27
12
602
114
28
02
577
265
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** 2452 km2.
: , 1986,

638 VI:

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,
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.
VI.4 (km2)
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(
1
07
)
2
10
3
09
4
08
5
03

2 450
2 161
2 133
1 050
907

: , 1986

VI.5 (km2)
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04
402.0
96.5

254.0
13.2

121.0
13.4

57.0
10.1
05
531.0
22.0
07
25.0
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09
43.5

43.0
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353.0
28.5
()
346.0
72.5

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()
114.0
14.0
10
75.0
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45.6
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: , 1986

1.

639

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.
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.

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.

: 05, 04, 06, 07, 01, 02, 14, 12 (, ), ( 01, 02 03
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640 VI:

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1.5
, ,
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. . 3405/2005 ( 264 /25-10-2005)
.
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, , FYROM,
2/2/2000, , , .
RAMSAR.

1.

641

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FYROM, 2001.
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FYROM)
, .
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'),
. 1964 ,
642 VI:

 ,
4, . 2 .
ad hoc -, 14 17
1991
, . ,
9.10.1991 ( 161//1991), .
,
,
1978.
, , .
( Struma) ( )
.
7 1964 5
,

.
, 9 1992 ,
,
(joint body).
, , , ,
1964 1971,
.

2000/60/,
.
,
,
INTERREG III A PHARE-CBC.

, ,

. ,
RAMSAR.
1.

643

 . ,
,
. ,
.
( Mesta) ( )
, , 22
1995 , .
2402/1996 ( 98 '). , 1,
29%
,
1 500 hm3/ 19351970. ,
2 , , 1 , .
, , 5 , . ,
, 1 , , , .
2 2402/1996, . 28.01.1997
, .
2000/60/
, ,
,
. 1995 ,
, 4
,
.
, , 1992 ,
. ,
. 2425/1996 ( 148 '),
2003. 9
(adapt) ,
. ,
9 , , .. , ,
.

644 VI:

 1995 , ( 5)
.
2000/60/ ,
, .
,
( )

, INTERREG III A
PHARE-CBC. ,
EFAS. .
1995 (2728 1997),
,
,
. ( 1998 1999)
. , . , , .

.
( Maritsa Meric) ( , )
48 400 km2. , 31 000
km2 , 14 000 km2 3 400 km2
( )
.
, 30.12.1953. ,
,
1969 1975
, 1977 1978.
,
. , .
,
.

1.

645

 ,
, . ,
, , .
( , )
( ), 3, .
1964 (. ),
, ,
, 60 , .
. 2, .
, , - , .
,
-. ,
(5) (1984, 1985, 1990, 1991, 1992),

(4) (1997, 1998, 2001 2003), .
( )
( , ),
, 23
24 1985 , .

, ( INTERREG III .. PHARE-CBC),
,
.
,
:
: 2.3 .

646 VI:

 : 3.3
,
.
: 3.2 , .

2.
2.1

. ( ) . ,
(.. , , ),
,
2000/60/
, .
,

( ) ( 91/271/ 91/676/ 2000/60/). .

2.2
, ,

, -, ( 2,
75/440/). , ,
, ,
. , ,
, ,
. , ,
.
, .

2.

647

 ,
. ,
, , ()
. .. .

,
, - ( , 2001).
70% , 14 : , , ,
, , , , , , , ,
, , .
, , , , ,
. . ,
, .
, .

2.3

, . ,

, , . ,
.

:

,
, .

:
.
, ,
()
(). ,
01, 02, 04, 06, 07, 12 14.
,
.

648 VI:


, ( , ),
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08.
, , (05, 04).
.
.
, .

. 07, 08, 11, 12, 02, 04 05.
,
, . , , , , , .
.. 01, 02, 04, 05.
.

. , .

14, , 03, 13 12.
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.
, , , , .


, ,
2.

649

, : -, -,
-,
, (-),
(-), , , , , , , , ,
, , , , ,
, , .

3.


. VI.6 . , ,
IV,
,
. , , ,
( ).
VI.6 , (hm3)
..

01
02
03
04
05
06
07 .
08
09
10
11
12
13
14

(km2)*

7 301
8 031
7 310
6 404
8 477
6 563
10 199
13 973
10 026
17 046
3 207
1 642
12 341
9 516
13 377
10 434
13 440
10 470
10 389
6 068
7 280
4 917
11 177
8 574
8 335
7 500
9 103
5 192
131 962* 116 330

3 614
2 824
3 290
5 310
6 818
1 150
5 257
6 260
5 654
3 034
2 722
5 325
4 874
3 104
59 236

4 417
3 580
3 273
8 663
10 228
492
4 259
4 174
4 816
3 034
2 195
3 249
2 626
2 088
57 094

* 131 957.41 km2.

.

650 VI:

 :
. VI.6 26
.
. VI.27 , . ,
09, 10 11, (/ ) 11 (231%).
, , 23% .
, 2 , 1.1.
,
(
),
,
. ,
. ,
,
.

4.
4.1
,
, . ,

(.. ),
,
. , .
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III ,
. :
.
-

4.

651

 ,
. : , ,
, ,
.
. , .
,
.
,
, , .

.
, .

4.2
VI.7
, ( V). , , 8 243 hm3,
84% , 1% , 12%
3% .
VI.7
(.
6 7 ). , ( 8)
, ,
( 9).
,

. , ,
. , ,
.

,
, (). -

652 VI:

 1965,
.
VI.7 (hm3)
..

01

201.0

5.0

23.0

3.0

02

401.5

6.6

41.7

3.0

03

324.9

4.7

22.1

351.7

04

366.5

9.0

22.4

397.9

05

153.5

10.3

33.9

4.3

202.0

06

99.0

2.5

420.0

17.5

539.0

07

773.7

9.9

41.6

12.6

837.8

08

1 550.0

13.0

69.0

09

609.4

7.9

43.7

30.0

10

527.6

8.0

99.8

80.0

11

627.0

5.8

32.0

12

825.2

7.1

27.9

13

320.0

10.2

42.3

372.5

14

80.2

6.8

37.2

124.2

6 859.5

106.8

956.6

20.0

252.0
452.8

1 632.0
80.0

771.0
715.4
664.8

11.0

161.4

871.2

100.0

8184.3

* .

, 33 , . , , . ( ) : , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , -, ,
, , , .
2 000 , 35 000
2 ( .., 2003).
, ,
(. , 4.3) .

,
. ,
,
, . -

4.

653


.
,
, ,
, .
, .
,
. , (, ) .
:
12 - 8090 hm3 , , ( ),
.
4 18 hm3
, .
2 . , (55 00060 000 m3/)
, 130 000140 000 m3/
20 000 m3/ (
, 2002)

. ( 15 000 m3/), , .

, , (, , ), 4.4.2.
II.

4.3


.
: , ,
(
, , ,
). (-),

654 VI:

 40 ,
, ,
. , (. , 4.4, 8
).
.

( )
. ( ,
)
2000/60/.
, 1980,
. . ,
, . 1990, ( ) .
, 1 m3/s . ,
(.. ,
, ).
( )
. , , , (. 5.4).
, ,
, (
),
: , ,
(-), , (rafting, , wind
surfing, , ). ,
, , , ,
,

.
, , . ,

4.

655

 ,
, ,
( , 2002).

Natura 2000, , 20% .
, (
, , , ), , , , , , , , , , (
300 , , , 30 , , ) ..
, 20002008, , 25 Natura.
: , --, --, , ,
, , -, , , -.
,
, , .
,
1932 , . , ,
, ,
7 500
(, 2002).

,
.
, .
, , , , .
.
,
.
: (), , , (), (), (), (), (),
(), , (), (), , .

656 VI:

 . 2003
. , . ,

, , , ,
, .

4.4
, .
, (..
, ) .

, . ( , 2000, , 2007).

.


. , .

,
.

,
1980
(Xenos et al., 2002). , 1/3
. ( ), ( ),
(
), ( , ).
, 1990,
4.

657

 ,
:
, ,
,
,
. ,
, , , .
, ,
1/3 ,
(. 6 ). ,
.
( )
,
.
,
.
(
) , , .
(.. ) ,
. ,
. .
. 2000/60/
.
, -.
, 2000/60/, , ,
,
( ) .
, , , , ,
.

658 VI:

4.5
4.5.1

,
. ,
, . , ,
( , ) , . ,

.

, , .
, .
(, 2003) ,
.
, ,

.
, ,
(.. ), .

. ,
(. , . , 2005).
,
, , . ,
. , , (..., 2003).
, , , ,

4.

659

 , .
:

, , ,
. 40%
, .

(..., 2003):
, , , ,
,

,
, , ,
, ,
, ,
,
,
.

. , ,
.
: ,
.
.

, ,
. , . , ,
,
, .

660 VI:

 , ,
,
, , . , ' , :
, ,
, , ,
.


,
,
. , ( ),

.
4.5.2

( ), , .
.
,
.
m3
. 1999, 100 m3 , 2.42 /m3 ( , 1999).
( )
.

5.
5.1 , ,
,

.
, .
,
(

).

5.

661

 ,
(.. ).
, , ,
, , ,
. ( , .. ) (Koutsoyiannis et al.,
2007b).
,
,
. .
,
, (Koutsoyiannis et al., 2007b).

.
,

, .. ,
. ,
,
(.. ,
). ,
, ,
, ,
, . ,
, , ,
.
, , ,
World Commission on Dams (2000). , , ,
, , ,
, (.
VI.8). ,
,

662 VI:

 , , ,
. ,
,
. , - ,
, . , , .

.
(Tsouni et al., 2001)

( VI.1). (
), , ,
(
),
.
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%

VI.1 ( Tsouni et
al., 2001)
,
, .
5.

663

, . , VI.8 (World
Commission on Dams, 2000),
23 , 50 ( , 15 m /
5 m, 3 000 000 m3).
.. 1 196 625 . 306 ,
46.
VI.8 50

1196
625
569
524
517
335
311
306
246
190
180
156

149
118
107
103
92
91
72
69
55
52
50
46

: World Commission on Dams (2000, Annex V)

5.2
, ,
. , ( )

. ,
( )
, . , , . ,
, , .. , , , ,
(
, 2001).
. 664 VI:

 ,
( ).
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, ,

. , ,
( ) .
,
. ,
,
( ),
( ).
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. ,
.
, ,

, .
(.. ) . , , (
, 0.10 /m3),
.
()
(. VI.13). , (, ),
(. 6.2
). , ,
(
, 2000), .
, , , , ,
, .
:
, .
1980. , , ,
( )

.

5.

665

( ) .
1990 ( )
--.
( ),
( , 2002).
1950 .
, .
,
. (, ) ,
,
. ,
, . , ,
,
. ,
.
:
( )

, .
( , ) (, ),
(, ).

, .
, , , .
,
.
, ( , .. ), , -

666 VI:

 ,
,
2000/60/. ,

. , .
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, . . ,
, ,
, . , ,
, . 2000/60/ , 2015.
.
, , .
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. ,
, , , ,
. , ,
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),
.
, ,
, . , (

5.

667

 ) (.. ).
( ) . , ,
, .
, , 6.1, 7.1 8.1
, .

5.3

. ,
.

, .
, ,

, .
(. 10 , VI.26):
(07) (
) (06) ( ).
(04) (
) (06) ( ).
(04) (
, ) (08) ( , ).
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( ).
,
( ) , .
, .

668 VI:

5.4

2000/60/, . 3199/2003 .. 51/2007 , . ,

.
,
, . , , ,
, . , , ,

,
,
.
, , ,
. , 7 4
- ,
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.

.

.
/

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,

5.

669

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. . ,

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,

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.
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,
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( , 2002).
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. 3389/2005 , , , ( .., 2005).
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:

, , , ,

670 VI:

 , , .
, ,
, .. , . .
... , .
...
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, ,
,
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, .
- ,
, . (, , 1979), (),
.
..
( .., 2001), ( .., 2003) ( ..,
2006).

5.5 ,

. ,
,
(. , ). ,
,
(, 2001).

5.

671

 , ,

. ,
, , (
, 1999).
. ,

, . , , 50,
.., ,
(, 1996). ,
,
, , .

(, 2001), , (, , .), ,
, (.. , ), , .
, (, , ,
..), , , , ,
. ,
.

, .
, , , ,
, ( ., 2005).

.

672 VI:

 ,
, , ,
50 . :
,
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.

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.
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.
.
.

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.
, ,
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( ., 2005).
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(dam rehabilitation), .

6.
6.1
,
VI.7. , ,
. ,
, ..
.

6.

673

,
. ,
, . . VI.2,
,
.

15

VI.2
(: FAO, Eurostat/NewCronos)
,
32% , 60% ( , 2001). ,

() 40% ,
5 200 000 13 200 000. 3540% , 5055% , 10% ( , 2002).
60%
( , 2002). (.. 80% , 2002), .

674 VI:

 , (2005),
( ) 13 304 223 . ,
, , ... 12 500 000 .

6.2
19 , . (. 971/1882)
(. 1647/1888). , 20 , , , , , , , , -,
(, 1993). ,
,
, .
(), : ,
. 1970 , ,
, , , (, 2001 . ,
4.1) .

(
VI.2). , ,
,
.
1980 , 1990
().
(, , .) IV.
(
300 000 m3) ,
VI.9 VI.10 .
, , .
-
.
-
, ,
,

6.

675

() (, -, ), (, 2001).
VI.9

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

(m)

-
L1
L 1-2

31.5
32
33.5
12
30.5
76
29
12
12
56
10
12.5
25.5
13
13
41
10.5
24.5
31
30
15
49
29.5
12
19
47
11
13
29
9
12
11.5
23

: (2007)

676 VI:

(103 m3)

875
11 954
750
380
1 750
19 670
1 000
500
500
5 179
342
860
785
560
580
2 450
402
1 100
1 000
2 900
570
1 467
450
660
750
7 600
450
342
720
312
650
560
370
68 438

 VI.10

(103 m3)
12 000

.
(. )

&

31 m &

2 000

10 460

40 m

2 000

14 254

9 000

20 m

300

25 m

900

&

150

29 m

2 000

8 070

10

40 m

5 000

18 530
( .. )

11

30 m

3 000

18 540

510

19 075
15 350
.

8 217
2 641
11 870
8 470

: (2007)

6.3
, 434 : 10
(), 400 (), 2
(
), 22 () 6 (, 2005). VI.11
.
,
.
, 4 . - ,

.
, ,
( ).
, ( ) .

6.

677

 , ,
, , .
, ,
( ,
, .). ( , 2002).
VI.11

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44

: (2005)

1
1

37
14

5
2
21
3
12
10
1
15
3
9
15
8
9
10
13
3
7
6
3
11
14
19
9
9
10
2
4

1
4

1
1

1
1

1
1

10

3
4
1
5

1
6
10
4
4
2
2
10
33
15
8
5
16
400

678 VI:

22



. ()
.
() .. 608/1948.
, ,
, , (, .).

,
. 2005
450 25003000 ( ,
2005).

6.4
,
, 84%, . ,
,

. , ,
, ,
. , ,
( 1 m),
. ,
.
, , , ,

.
(.. ) (.. ), .
, .
, , .
,
.
.
,

6.

679

 ( ) 80%-90% . . ,
. ,
,
.
, ,
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(.. ),
.
, ( ),
. . ,

, , .. .
. ,
()
, .
,
, , . :
: ,

, , .
:

().
:
. ,
680 VI:

 . , ,
.
,
(. VI.12).
VI.12 15 - ,
(kg/ha )
1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

70.5 72.8 60.4 58.7 54.5 53.6 52.2 52.9 48.6

/ 191.6 188.6 177.9 167.4 155.1 148.3 146.8 145.8 145.8

167.0 172.1 173.4 160.9 144.0 138.8 136.4 124.7 125.6

139.9 126.6 95.5 101.3 111.1 110.9 119.2 117.8

123.5 123.2 125.5 125.6 105.0 107.4 111.1 113.9 119.2

132.9 130.7 128.0 118.1 129.3 125.2 125.4

126.1 160.4 156.2 148.5 145.0 119.7 120.2 123.9 127.4

73.6 78.2 112.1 111.2 111.0 121.9 125.6

99.9 98.2 88.1 92.6 90.7

280.0 287.8 231.4 234.5 230.8 221.6 237.2 229.7 233.8

45.3 57.3 51.9 51.2 50.4 50.3 52.1 56.9

50.6 52.4 59.3 56.6 47.0 54.5 57.8 55.2 57.8

132.2 78.8 65.0 77.0 83.3 78.7 85.6 79.3

89.0 110.5 106.7 97.7 89.1 96.0 102.2 100.6 101.2

10.2
8.7
7.7
8.0
8.5
7.8
7.2

184.4 168.4 149.2 143.4 140.3 137.0 137.6

108.2 111.5 104.0 100.9 92.6 93.8 97.2 96.9 96.8

109.3 112.7 105.3 102.1 93.7 94.9 98.5 98.1 98.0
: European Environment Agency (2000), (2001).

,
, .
:

.
,
(. 6.2 ).
,
.
,
, , ,
. , , . ,
,
( 1% ). , ,
6.

681

 (55%). ,
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(Pfeiffer, 2004),
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.
.
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682 VI:


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, .

, ,
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2000/60/.

7.
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,
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.
1739/1987 . 3199/2003 .
12% ( 920 hm3 ),
.
, ,
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,
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, ,
.
, VI.13, , ,
,
.

7.

683

 : )
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,, (, , ), )
,
, 4.5.1 .
VI.13

1930

1950

1980

1990
2000

(
)

-
1.8 m3/s

(
)

2003,

(
)

,
, , ,
.
, .
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(.. ) .
684 VI:

 , .
1000 L/d, (..
). -

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,

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. ( , ,
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. , , 1/3.
, ,

7.

685

 ,
(.. ), ad hoc
, . ,
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, .
, . ,
,
.
,

.
,
,
( 11 .
1739/1987), .. (
5/2280/1983
5/5180/1988).

7.2
1980 , , ( ,
, ), , . ,
1980, 91/271/ .
,
,
, . 1998, 10 000, ,
() , / .
2 000
15 000, .
. 2005,
2 000 15 000
.
, , 86%

686 VI:

 2 000 (70% ) ( 2005) ,

2 000 15 000 (64%),
(36%).
,
10 000 .
( , ,
), ()
. ,
,

91/271/. ( )
.

, .
, ,

.
, .
, (
), ,
.

7.3
, , .
, , . ,
,
( .., 1995). , ,
.
,
. 7.

687

, , ( , ). ,
,
.
, ( )

. , , .
.

( ). ,
, ,
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. ,
, , . (.. ), .

.

( .., 1995)
, , ,

. , , ( ),
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688 VI:

 (
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,
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,
.
,

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.

,
.
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, . ,
. ( , )
(, 1995 , 1995).
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7.

689

8.

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.
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).
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12.
Crabtree, G. W. and N. S. Lewis, Solar energy conversion, Physics Today, 60(3), 3742,
2007 (http://link.aip.org/link/PHTOAD/v60/i3/p37/s1/pdf).
Crabtree, G., N. Lewis, A. Nozik, M. Wasielewski, and P. Alivisatos, Solar Energy:
Challenges and Opportunities, BES Workshop on Basic Research Needs for Solar
Energy Utilization. April 2124, 2005 (http://www.msd.anl.gov/events/colloquium/docs/GWC_Solar2_1-06.ppt)
Koutsoyiannis, D., Nonstationarity versus scaling in hydrology, Journal of Hydrology,
324, 239-254, 2006.
Koutsoyiannis, D., A. Efstratiadis, and K. Georgakakos, Uncertainty assessment of future hydroclimatic predictions: A comparison of probabilistic and scenario-based approaches, Journal of Hydrometeorology, 2007a (in press).
Koutsoyiannis, D., N. Zarkadoulas, A. N. Angelakis, and G. Tchobanoglous, Urban water management in Ancient Greece: Legacies and lessons, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 2007b (in press).
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(http://www.fromthewilderness.com/free/ww3/100303_eating_oil.html).
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ecological status in Greece, EurAqua 8th Scientific and Technical Review, Helsinki,
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management and the Athens water supply, Proceedings of the 7th BNAWQ Scientific
and Practical Conference "Water Quality Technologies and Management in Bulgaria", Sofia, Sofia, 2002.
., , 5 2007.
(), , , 2001.
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1980.
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, . , , 209-229, - , , 1998.
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719

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Task Committee on Sustainability Criteria, Sustainability Criteria for Water Resource
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