TCSC FOR POWER SYSTEM STABILITY ENHANCEMENT

PROF. RAMA RAO P.V.V.*, RAJESH KUMAR P.# Head, Dept. of EEE, Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women, Bhimavaram, A.P., India # Assoc. Prof., Dept. of EEE, Vignan Institute of Technology & Management for Women, Ghatkesar, RR Dist., A.P., India Email:*pvvmadhuram@gmail.com
*

ABSTRACT This paper studies the strategy of thyristor controlled series compensation (TCSC) to damp power swing in interconnected systems. In interconnected network, TCSC must operate in response to inter-area main swing model, and its capacitive impedance must switch to the largest when the rotated speed deviation between equivalent centers of inertia is positive, and to the smallest when negative, so as that the oscillations will be calmed down fastest..
KEYWORDS: Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation (TCSC), Low frequency oscillation, Transient stability control

I.

INTRODUCTION

Thyristor controlled series compensation (TCSC) can change the reactance of transmission line flexibly to modulate power flow, and is one of the most efficacious means to improve the stability of power system. Low frequency oscillation (LFO) in large scale interconnected network is a key problem which debases system stability [1]. To the united interconnected network in China, the use of TCSC to damping LFO has more and more important theory significance and engineering values [2]. The transient stability control strategy has been discussed in many papers [3, 4], in which some controllers with complex structure are give out. But some field experience indicated that the oscillation frequency and the phase shift angle of the controller have a great influence on the damping to power oscillation [5], which is a problem with very little study. This paper carries out a research of the control strategy of TCSC to improve transient stability in multi-machine network, and give the base control rules of TCSC to damp power oscillation quickly, and illuminates the relationship between system dynamic performance and phase shift angle.

Because the impedance of the tie line of interconnected network is very large and the power flow through it often is very heavy. The power oscillation always performs as LFO between generators inside one district to those in another district. So we can analysis the control problem of TCSC in link line with an equivalent two machine system illustrated as Fig.2. Here the generators adopt the classic two rank modes with temporary reactance behind temporary electric potential.

II.

CONTROL STRATEGY
For a system with nG generators and nL loads, its energy function can be defined as (1) [6,7]:

At study on power oscillation damping, TCSC can be substituted by equivalent impedance, and the dynamic process is ignored. Fig. 1 is a common model of TCSC for system stability research: Stabilize controller strategy determines the order resistance X according to the input signal, and creates the resistance of TCSC through a delay component, whose time constant is decided by the main circuit characteristic. The common values of the time constant witch suitable trigger control strategy is 20~50 msec.

The components in (1) are kinetic energy and potential energy of generators, potential energy of loads, and potential energy relating to the reactive power of each branch, and the angle and rotate speed here are defined under the inertia center coordinate system The reactance of TCSC can be replaced as the sum of

stability value Xc0and controllable value Xcu, just as

X C X C XC
0

The compensation degree can be defined as (2). When Xcu changes during modulation, Kc always is negative and its change range is (Kcmin, Kcmax).

This equation can be rewritten as: To simplify the discussion, the system in Fig. 2 is transformed into the equivalent model in Fig. 3.

The differential calculus of (6) can be recombined as the following:

Two equivalent loads which has the same influence as Xcu at the two buses. The branch reactance is defined as: XS = XL + XC0 (3) To get the same bus voltage and node injected current in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the equivalent loads must have the values expressed as the following (4):

In this express, the first component is the sum power of the generator which is equal to 0. Pi inj and Qi inj are the sum injected active power and sum injected reactive power of each node, and which are equal to 0, too. So the variance ratio of system energy is determined by the last item and can be expressed as (8):

To damp the power swing, the system energy must be reduced as quickly as possible. So value of TCSC reactance must be modulated properly so that V <0, and its absolute value is the largest. Because the influence of voltage variance always is very larger than that of power angle variance during power oscillations, the component corresponding to voltage in (8) can be ignored. Then the control ruler of TCSC can be derived as (9):

In the system illustrated at Fig. 3, the energy function is defined as (5):

Because the power angle variance between send end and receive end 12 is positive, the regulation method of TCSC is determined by the sign of 12. During power oscillations 12 and 12 has the same sign, so the control rulers of TCSC

TCSC must adopt a Bang-Bang operation in terms of formula (10), and the output must be in phase with the speed deviation between the two groups of machines. This strategy generates the largest damping to the system, so it is a minimum time control strategy. The essential prime of this strategy is: when 12 0, the capacitive impedance must be the largest, the equivalent branch impedance reduces, the transmission power through the tie line increases, and the speed deviation between the machine groups reduces, vice versa. The strategy above is based on 12. Because TCSC assembly always is installed at the middle point of transmission line, 12 is difficult to get. But we can detect the power flow of tie line easy, the relationship between speed deviation and which can be express as:

So TCSC can be controlled based on power flow through tie line. When the power flow increase, the capacitive impedance of TCSC adopts the largest value, and vice versa.

III.

SIMULATION RESULTS

The simulation results are shown below. Here the compensation degree of TCSC is from 10% to 30%. In Fig. 4, the TCSC is reduced to fixed series compensation (FSC). It is obviously, because FSC cant engender additional damping torque, the power swing reduces very slowly.

Fig. 5 to Fig. 8 compared the influence when the output of TCSC adapt different phase shift corresponding to power flow.

shift angle. It can be concluded for TCSC to damp power oscillations that: (1) The control to damp oscillation in interconnected network must be carried on according to the main oscillation mode; (2) The capacitive impedance output must be in phase with the speed deviation between the two groups of machines, and be largest when it is positive and smallest when negative; (3) The control above exhausted the capability of TCSC, and it can damp the power oscillation fastest.

REFERENCES
[1] N. G. Hingorani and L. Gyugyi, Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission System. IEEE Press. 2000. [2] X X Zhou, J Liang, Overview of control schemes for the TCSC to enhance the stability of power systems, the International Journal of IEE Proc. Gener. Transm. And Distrib. 1999(3), 146(2)125-130. [3] S.Panda, R.N.Patel and N.P.Padhy, Power system stability improvement by TCSC controller employing a multi-objective genetic algorithm approach, International Journal of Intelligent Technology, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 266-273, 2006. [4] S. Panda, N.P.Padhy and R.N.Patel, Modelling, simulation and optimal tuning of TCSC controller, International Journal of Simulation Modelling, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 37-48, 2007. [5] C.Gama, L.angquist, Commissioning and operative experience of TCSC for damping power oscillation in the brazilian north-south interconnection[C]. CIGRE, Paris: 200014104. [6] M A Pai. Energy function analysis for power system stability. Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers[C]. Boston, 1989. [7] M.Noroozian. A robust control strategy for shunt and series reactive compensations to damp electromechanical oscillations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2001, 12, (4) 812-816.

The curves indicate, the output of TCSC must lead the oscillation of power flow 1/4 period, in another word be in phase with the speed deviation between the two groups of machines. The power swing will debase most quickly in this case. Form 1 give the damping ratio of deferent cases, the influence of phase shift is distinct, and the damping is the fastest in this case.
TABLE I. DAMPING RATIO WITH DEFERENT PHASE SHIFT ANGLE

Fig. 9 is the result of TCSC with compensation degree from 5% to 15%. The curves indicate, the output of TCSC must lead T/4 than power flow oscillation at all compensation degree to damp power oscillation quickly.

IV. CONCLUSIONS
The simulation result verifies the control rules concluded by model analysis, and illuminates the relationship between damp engendered by the controller and its phase