Vechicle tracking system

Vehicle Tracking System

A Seminar Report
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the award of degree of

Bachelor of Technology
In

Electronics and Communication Engineering

BY

Name: K.NARENDRA REDDY Roll No: 08C91A0427

Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering

HOLYMARY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

(Approved by AICTE New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad) BOGARAM(V), KEESARA (M), R.R. DISTRICT- 501301. 2008-12

Vechicle tracking system

HOLY MARY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE

(COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING)

(HOLY TRINITY EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY)

(Approved by A.I.C.T.E., New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad) Bogaram (Village), Keesara (Mandal), R.R.Dist. Pin 501 301.
Phones: 08415 325953, 08415 325958, 08415 329583 FAX: 040 23813102

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Seminar report entitled Vehicle Tracking System is being submitted by the following student in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh is record of bonafide work carried out during the academic year 2011-2012.

Name: K.Narendra Reddy

Roll no: 08c91a0427

Under the supervision of

Coordinator Prof. B. Karunaiah

Head of the Department Prof. K. V. Murali Mohan

Vechicle tracking system

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With great pleasure I want to take this opportunity to express our heartfelt gratitude to all the people who helped in making this seminar work a grand success. I express our deep sense of gratitude to Prof. B. Karunaiah

for his constant guidance throughout our seminar work. I would like to thank Prof. K. V. Murali Mohan, Head of the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, for being moral support throughout the period of our study in HITSCOE. First of all I am highly indebted to Principal Dr. N. Subhash Chandra, for giving me the permission to carry out this seminar. I would like to thank the Teaching & Non-Teaching staff of ECE Department for sharing their knowledge with me. Last but not the least I express our sincere thanks to Mr. A. Vara Prasada Reddy Chairman and Mrs. A. Vijaya Sarada Reddy Secretary, HITS Group of Institutions, for their continuous care towards my achievements.

K. Narendra reddy

Vechicle tracking system

CONTENTS Abstract
1. Introduction vehicle tracking system 3 2. How does VTS work? 4 2.1 Active versus Passive Tracking 4 2.2 Typical Architecture 6 3 Common Uses 8 3.1 Unconventional Uses 4. Conclusion 4.1 Limitations 4.2 Future Work 5. References 14

Vechicle tracking system

Abstract
Vehicle tracking system using GPS module and GSM modem, and ARM7 (LPC2129) this project mainly works on GPS and GSM systems. Vehicle is traced by using information from satellite systems and sends to GSM systems. Vehicle and user are connected initially by using GSM network. User will send message to Moving vehicle for connectivity, hardware mounted on vehicle reacts to message and send conformation message to user and then if the message is valid one then GPS modem is initiated and requested for location. The latitude and longitude values are compared with the values stored in the memory and corresponding location name is given to the Controller which in turn uses GSM/GPRS to send the location name by means of Short Message Service back to USER. The heart of this project is a micro controller ARM7 (LPC2129).Messages sent by the user is received by the GSM module. Micro controller will play important role in sending and receiving commands to GPS.Micro Controller extracts the location name and send the same to the GSM via serial communication. Micro controller will find location and send details to GSM Mobile using serial communication system. The Signal from the GPS satellites are received and the receiver used a standard form of message decoding. These standards are called as NMEA. .

Vechicle tracking system

1. INTRODUCTION
A vehicle tracking system combines the installation of an electronic device in a vehicle, or fleet of vehicles, with purpose-designed computer software at least at one operational base to enable the owner or a third party to track the vehicle's location, collecting data in the process from the field and deliver it to the base of operation. Modern vehicle tracking systems commonly use GPS orGLONASS technology for locating the vehicle, but other types of automatic vehicle location technology can also be used. Vehicle information can be viewed on electronic maps via the Internet or specialized software. Urban public transit authorities are an increasingly common user of vehicle tracking systems, particularly in large cities The receiver has a Serial Communication facility which is used to interface with the external devices like PC or Micro controller. The PC or Micro controller (with LCD) is connected as per the pin details The Antenna of the GPS receiver is fixed at Line of site to the satellite and once the Receiver receives the signals, the Receiver transfers data to the micro controllers serial communication Pins which in turn is displayed to the LCD. The data displayed on the LCD is the Latitude and Longitude of the particular location where u keep the antenna of the receiver. In this way a Particular Location is identified. The Antenna receives the data, transfers to the micro controller through Serial Port. Micro controller displays on the LCD. The same data can be transferred to the GSM through serial communication. Vehicle tracking systems are widely used worldwide. Components come in various shapes and forms but most utilize GPS technology and SMS services. While most will offer real-time tracking, others record real time data and store it to be read,
6

Vechicle tracking system

similar to data loggers. Systems like these track and record and allow reports after certain points have been solved.

How does VTS work?

A GPS tracking unit is a device that uses the Global Positioning System to determine the precise location of a vehicle, person, or other asset to which it is attached and to record the position of the asset at regular intervals. The recorded location data can be stored within the tracking unit, or it may be transmitted to a central location data base, or internet-connected computer, using a cellular(GPRS or SMS), radio, or satellite modem embedded in the unit. This allows the asset's location to be displayed against a map backdrop either in real time or when analyzing the track later, usingGPS tracking software.

Vechicle tracking system

A GPS tracker essentially contains GPS module to receive the GPS signal and calculate the coordinates. For data loggers it contains large memory to store the coordinates, data pushers additionally contains the GSM/GPRS modem to transmit this information to a central computer either via SMS or via GPRS in form of IP packets. The diagram depicts hardware architecture of an advanced GPS tracker.

2.1 Active versus Passive Tracking

Several types of vehicle tracking devices exist. Typically they are classified as "passive" and "active". "Passive" devices store GPS location, speed, heading and sometimes a trigger event such as key on/off, door open/closed. Once the vehicle returns to a predetermined point, the device is removed and the data downloaded to a computer for evaluation. Passive systems include auto download type that transfer data via wireless download. "Active" devices also collect the same information but

Vechicle tracking system

usually transmit the data in real-time via cellular or satellite networks to a computer or data center for evaluation. Many modern vehicle tracking devices combine both active and passive tracking abilities: when a cellular network is available and a tracking device is connected it transmits data to a server; when a network is not available the device stores data in internal memory and will transmit stored data to the server later when the network becomes available again. Historically vehicle tracking has been accomplished by installing a box into the vehicle, either self-powered with a battery or wired into the vehicle's power system. For detailed vehicle locating and tracking this is still the predominant method; however, many companies are increasingly interested in the emerging cell phone technologies that provide tracking of multiple entities, such as both a salesperson and their vehicle. These systems also offer tracking of calls, texts, and Web use.

2.2 Typical Architecture

Major constituents of the GPS based tracking are 1. GPS tracking device: The device fits into the vehicle and captures the GPS location information apart from other vehicle information at regular intervals to a central server. The other vehicle information can include fuel amount, engine temperature, altitude, reverse geocoding, door open/close, tire pressure, cut off fuel, turn off ignition, turn on headlight, turn on taillight, battery status, GSM area code/cell code decoded, number of GPS satellites in view, glass open/close, fuel amount, emergency button status, cumulative idling, computed odometer, engine RPM, throttle position,
9

Vechicle tracking system

and a lot more. Capability of these devices actually decides the final capability of the whole tracking system. 2. GPS tracking server: The tracking server has three responsibilities: receiving data from the GPS tracking unit, securely storing it, and serving this information on demand to the user. 3. User interface: The UI determines how one will be able to access information, view vehicle data, and elicit important details from it.

3 Common Uses
Vehicle tracking systems are commonly used by fleet operators for fleet management functions such as fleet tracking, routing, dispatch, on-board information and security. Along with commercial fleet operators, urban transit agencies use the technology for a number of purposes, including monitoring schedule adherence of buses in service, triggering changes of buses' destination sign displays at the end of the line (or other set location along a bus route), and triggering pre-recorded announcements for passengers. The American Public Transportation Association estimated that, at the beginning of 2009, around half of all transit buses in the United States were already using a GPS-based vehicle tracking system to trigger automated stop announcements. This can refer to external announcements (triggered by the opening of the bus's door) at a bus stop, announcing the vehicle's route number and destination, primarily for the benefit of visually impaired customers, or to internal announcements (to passengers already on board) identifying the next stop, as the bus (or tram) approaches a stop, or both. Data collected as a transit vehicle follows its route is often continuously fed into a computer program which compares the vehicle's actual location and time with its schedule, and in turn produces a frequently updating
10

Vechicle tracking system

display for the driver, telling him/her how early or late he/she is at any given time, potentially making it easier to adhere more closely to the published schedule. Such programs are also used to provide customers with real-time information as to the waiting time until arrival of the next bus or tram/streetcar at a given stop, based on the nearest vehicles' actual progress at the time, rather than merely giving information as to the scheduled time of the next arrival. Transit systems providing this kind of information assign a unique number to each stop, and waiting passengers can obtain information by entering the stop number into an automated telephone system or an application on the transit system's website. Some transit agencies provide a virtual map on their website, with icons depicting the current locations of buses in service on each route, for customers' information, while others provide such information only to dispatchers or other employees. Other applications include monitoring driving behavior, such as an employer of an employee, or a parent with a teen driver. Vehicle tracking systems are also popular in consumer vehicles as a theft prevention and retrieval device. Police can simply follow the signal emitted by the tracking system and locate the stolen vehicle. When used as a security system, a Vehicle Tracking System may serve as either an addition to or replacement for a traditional car alarm. Some vehicle tracking systems make it possible to control vehicle remotely, including block doors or engine in case of emergency. The existence of vehicle tracking device then can be used to reduce the insurance cost, because the loss-risk of the vehicle drops significantly. Vehicle tracking systems are an integrated part of the "layered approach" to vehicle protection, recommended by the National Insurance Crime Bureau (NICB) to prevent motor vehicle theft. This approach recommends four layers of security based on the risk factors pertaining to a specific vehicle. Vehicle Tracking Systems are one such layer, and are described by the NICB as very effective in helping police recover stolen vehicles. Some vehicle tracking systems integrate several security systems, for example by sending an automatic alert to a phone or email if an alarm is triggered or the vehicle is moved without authorization, or when it leaves or enters a geophone. Other scenarios in which this technology is employed include: Stolen vehicle recovery: Both consumer and commercial vehicles can be outfitted with RF or GPS units to allow police to do tracking and recovery. In the case of Loach, the police can activate the tracking unit in the vehicle directly and follow tracking signals.

Fleet management: When managing a fleet of vehicles, knowing the real-time location of all drivers allows management to meet customer needs more efficiently. Whether it is delivery, service or other multi-vehicle enterprises, drivers now only need a mobile phone with telephony or Internet connection to be inexpensively tracked by and dispatched efficiently.

Asset tracking: Companies needing to track valuable assets for insurance or other monitoring purposes can now plot the real-time asset location on a map and closely monitor movement and operating status.

11

Vechicle tracking system

Field service management: Companies with a field service workforce for services such as repair or maintenance, must be able to plan field workers time, schedule subsequent customer visits and be able to operate these departments efficiently. Vehicle tracking allows companies to quickly locate a field engineer and dispatch the closest one to meet a new customer request or provide site arrival information.

Field sales: Mobile sales professionals can access real-time locations. For example, in unfamiliar areas, they can locate themselves as well as customers and prospects, get driving directions and add nearby last-minute appointments to itineraries. Benefits include increased productivity, reduced driving time and increased time spent with customers and prospects.

Trailer tracking: Haulage and Logistics companies often operate lorries with detachable load carrying units. The part of the vehicle that drives the load is known as the cab and the load carrying unit is known as the trailer. There are different types of trailer used for different applications, e.g., flat bed, refrigerated, curtain side, box container.

Surveillance: A tracker may be placed on a vehicle to follow the vehicle's movements.

Transit tracking: This is the temporary tracking of assets or cargoes from one point to another. Users will ensure that the assets do not stop on route or do a UTurn in order to ensure the security of the assets.

3.1 Unconventional Uses

Industries not traditionally known to use vehicle tracking systems (logistics and transportation industries are the ones that have traditionally incorporated vehicle tracking system into their operations) have started to use it in creative ways to improve their processes or businesses. The hospitality industry has caught on to this technology to improve customer service. For example, a luxury hotel in Singapore has installed vehicle tracking systems in their limousines to ensure they can welcome their VIPs when they reach the hotel. Vehicle tracking systems have also been used in food delivery and car rental companies.

12

Vechicle tracking system

4. Conclusion
4.1 Limitations

This program is highly sensitive to the camera position and the environment, so a considerable amount of tuning has to be done each time a new video is taken or camera position is changed and even more so if the video is of an entirely new environment. The other limitation is the traffic problem, the program will not able to detect which vehicle to track if it finds some vehicle in the -6*step_ y and +6*step _y of the current guess. If the near by vehicle is same as the one in the model . As in our data images if we bring maruti-800 near the car than the probability of error increases manifolds.

13

Vechicle tracking system

If there is noise in the edge detected image, we can't really track the vehicle. What is meant by noise is that if some humans are coming near to the car then the edge detected image will have the edges of that human or animal or tree, then the program will try to match those edges with the car model. The program might treat this match as a success but really it will be off the track. We could not model the curves in the maruti-800, like in some images the driver and the steering can be seen, but we could not find a solution for that. Also the body of the Marathi can be best modeled as combination of curves and the lines. Also If distance between the vehicle position in the two consecutive frames is two much then this tracking program can't detect the vehicle in the second frame and will try to track it in the subsequent frame. The main limitation of the software is the real time implementation, this can t be implemented with this much time efficiency in any of the real time applications. This limitation is mainly due to the processing time.

4.2 Future Work

The future work which can be done is the increasing the number of models and user input can be the vehicle which is coming then the program should be able to that input vehicle. The velocity and the acceleration of the vehicle can be easily calculated If video is of a place like bar charkha in Kanpur/India, which is famous for large amount of traffic in the working hours, then for removing noise subtraction of the back ground image will help a lot. If some one can track the vehicle where come occluding edges are there, this in our view is a great challenge. Like in the two lane road, if simultaneously two vehicles can be tracked one on each lane, then a use ful trasportation engineering parameter, crossing velocity can be calculated.

14

Vechicle tracking system

References
1. ^ Gurtam.com 2. ^ "Free Eriadne.org tracking system". Retrieved 2010-03-12. 3. ^ "open-gpstracker A GPS tracking Android App: Build to be extensible and Free". Retrieved 2009-10-11. 4. ^ "OpenGeoTracker - The open source geo tracker system". Retrieved 2009-12-06. 5. ^ "Android Tracking". Retrieved 2009-10-11. 6. ^ "iPhone Tracking". Retrieved 2009-10-11. 7. ^ Tovia Smith (August 29, 2006). "Technology Lets Parents Track Kids' Every Move". NPR. Retrieved 2011-04-25. 8. ^ GPS-trace.com 9. ^ Apt Online - Evaluation Of Vaginal Implant Transmitters In Elk (Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni) 10. ^ Claburn, Thomas (March 4, 2009). "Court Asked To Disallow Warrantless GPS Tracking". Information Week. Retrieved 2009-03-18. 11. ^ Koch, Wendy (2009-02-12). "Cheatin' hearts pump up economy on Valentine's Day". USA Today. Retrieved 2010-05-04. 12. ^ Bello, Marisol (2008-12-12). "GPS, hidden cameras watching over Baby Jesus". USA Today. Retrieved 2010-05-04. 13. ^ Legis.ga.gov 14. ^ "Georgia Bill Would Ban Hidden GPS Tracking Devices". WSB-TV. January 29, 2009. Retrieved 2011-04-08. 15. ^ Wentz, Laurel (2010-07-29). "Is Your Detergent Stalking You?". Advertising Age. Retrieved 2010-08-07.

15