EDC 1350 MORAL DEVELOPMENT FROM THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES.

Instructions: For each of the following questions, CIRCLE the correct alphabet as your answer. Each question has only one correct answer. Answer ALL questions. (You are allowed to refer to the text, references and notes). 1. According to Piaget, children rigidly play by the rules in which of the following stages of moral development? a. pre-moral stage b. moral realism c. morality of reciprocity d. morality of contract 2. Piaget believed children acquire a sense of egalitarianism in which of the following stages? a. pre-moral stage b. moral realism c. morality of reciprocity d. immanent justice 3. According to Kohlberg, children who have internalized the motive to conform are functioning at the: a. pre-conventional level. b. conventional level. c. post-conventional level. d. individuated level. 4. Which of the following actions would a second grader likely rate as being more wrong? a. cheating at a game b. addressing a teacher by her first name c. a boy entering a girls' bathroom d. eating lunch with one's fingers

5. Which of the following is TRUE regarding Kohlberg's theory of moral development? a. At the conventional level, moral judgment is rational and internalized. b. Research suggests children do not begin understanding moral rules until they are older than Kohlberg's theory suggests. c. Much evidence supports the notion that children progress through the stages in an invariant fashion. d. Evidence supports Kohlberg's stages in every culture that has been examined. 6. According to Kopp, children are able to delay gratification in the: a. control phase. b. self-control phase. c. self-regulation phase. d. post-regulation phase. 7. Which of the following pro social behaviors show the greatest gender differences? a. kindness b. instrumental helping c. sharing d. donating 8. Which of the following is probably least effective in helping children acquire pro-social behaviors? a. peer modeling b. parental modeling c. imitation d. direct teaching 9. Children who perform domestic chores and care for younger siblings: a. scored lower on measures of altruism. b. showed higher levels of altruism. c. scored higher on altruism, but lower on pro-social measures. d. scored the same on altruism levels as children who do not engage in these helping behaviors.

10. With regard to the relationship between pro-social reasoning and moral development, Eisenberg found: a. a strong positive correlation. b. a strong negative correlation. c. a modest correlation. d. no correlation. 11. According to Eisenberg, need-oriented reasoning: a. peaks in mid-childhood. b. decreases with age. c. increases with age. d. is limited to low-cost pro-social action. 12. Two important determinants of altruism are empathy and: a. perspective-taking ability. b. social assertiveness. c. emotionality. d. insight. 13. Billy, the school bully, regularly harasses the other students, and occasionally initiates fights with other students. His type of aggression is referred to as: a. proactive. b. reactive. c. instrumental. d. hormonal.

[NB: Please bring the answers on 27 November 2011 --- for discussion in Class!!].