Works Cited

Primary Sources Angelica, Fra. An Angel Playing a Trumpet. 1433. -This painting showed that art was influenced by music in the Renaissance. Barber, John. Luther and Calvin on Music and Worship. Reformed Perspectives Magazine. Third Millennium Ministries. 1 August 2006. <http://www.thirdmill.org/newfiles/joh_barber/PT.joh_barber.Luther.Calvin.Musi c.Worship.pdf>. 20 December 2011. -This source is an article from an online magazine. It is a secondary source, but it contained a quote by Martin Luther that was used in my website. It was written by Dr. John Barber, a PhD college professor. It provided information concerning Martin Luthers views on music. Bull, John. The King's Hunt. Sony BMG Music Entertainment, 1965. -This is an example of secular keyboard music from England during the Renaissance. It is by John Bull, a composer of the time and it is a primary source. Costa, Lorenzo. A concert. 1485-95. The National Gallery, London. The National Gallery. Web. 31 December 2011. -This Painting is a primary source. It shows how music was involved in many aspects of society during the Renaissance including art. It was created by Lorenzo Costa and is currently located at The National Gallery in London.

Cranach, Lucas. Portrait of Martin Luther. 1529. Hessisches Landesmuseum, Darmstadt. Hessisches Landesmuseum. Web. 4 February 2012. -This painting was created in the time of the Renaissance by Lucas Cranach the Elder. It gives and image of Martin Luther. Cranach, Lucas. Martin Luther. n.d. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Web. 29 December 2011. -This painting is a primary source and was painted by the elder Lucas Cranach. It is currently located in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. This helped visualized polyphony, showing two people singing and an instrument being played for accompaniment. Dufay, Guillaume. Supremum est Mortabilus. Essential World Masters, 2010. MP3. -This song by Guillaume Dufay is a primary source. It exemplifies the new use of instrument accompaniment in the age of polyphony. Ferrari, Gaudenzio. Musizierende Engel. 1530-1540. Santa Maria Dei Miracoli, Venice. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 2 January 2012. -This painting of angels playing music shows that music was accepted into religion after the decision made by The Council of Trent. It is a primary source and is currently located in the Santa Maria Dei Miracoli church in Venice. Forli, Melozza da. Angel with Lute. Vatican Pinacoteca. <www.cs.dartmouth.edu/>. N.d. -This painting shows that music was incorporated into art during the Renaissance. Lige, Etienne de. Ad Matutinum: Invitatorium: Deum Verum Ricercar, 2006. MP3.

-This song gave an example of a gregorian chant that were popular before polyphony was developed. This is a primary source. Miln, Luys. Fantasa XI. Glossa, 2003. MP3. -This song is an example of secular instrumental music from the Renaissance by Luys Miln. It is a primary source. Nef, Karl. An Outline of the History of Music. Trans. Carl. F. Pfatteicher. New York: Columbia Universtiy Press, 1935. Print. -This book is a secondary source, but it contained many short pieces of music, one being a motet by Palestrina that I used in my website. It exemplified the styles of church music and showd that it was often word for word from the bible. Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi da. Missa Assumpta est Maria: Agnus Dei. Foreign Media Group, 2011. MP3. -This song is a primary source by Palestrina. This helped me to understand the type of music that was accepted by the Catholic Church when he was alive. It also showed that music was often A cappella. Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi da. Missa Papae Marcelli: Gloria. Deutsche Grammophon GmbrH, 1986. MP3. -This piece is the Gloria of the mass that convinced the Council of Trent that music was an acceptable way to worship. It is a primary source. Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi da. Missa Papae Marcelli: Kyrie. Deutsche Grammophon GmbrH, 1986. MP3.

This was one of three parts of this mass. It was the piece that led to the Council of Trent accepting music in the Catholic Church. It is a primary source.

Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi da. Missa Papae Marcelli: Sanctus. Deutsche Grammophon GmbrH, 1986. MP3. -This is the Sanctus from the mass that Palestrina wrote for the Council of Trent. It convinced them that music was a worthy way of worship. It is a primary source. Vermeer, Johhanes. Lady Seated at a Virginal. 1670-72. National Gallery, London. Fine Art America. <http://fineartamerica.com/featured/a-young-lady-seated-at-avirginal-jan-vermeer.html>. 5 February 2012.

Secondary Sources Barber, John. Luther and Calvin on Music and Worship. Reformed Perspectives Magazine. Third Millennium Ministries. 1 August 2006. <http://www.thirdmill.org/newfiles/joh_barber/PT.joh_barber.Luther.Calvin.Musi c.Worship.pdf>. 20 December 2011. -This source is an article from an online magazine. It is a secondary source, but it contained a quote by Martin Luther that was used in my website. It was written by Dr. John Barber, a PhD college professor. It provided information concerning Martin Luthers views on music. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina. NNDB. 2011. Soylent Communications. 20 December 2011. <http://www.nndb.com/people/580/000093301>.

-This website is a secondary source. It provided information on Palestrina and some of the places that he worked and where he was born. Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina. HOASM. 2011. 4 February 2012. <http://www.hoasm.org/IVF/Palestrina.html>. -This source provided information on Palestrina and I linked this to my website. History of Classical Music. Naxos. 2011. Naxos Digital Services Ltd. 30 September 2011. <http://www.naxos.com/education/brief_history.asp>. -This was my first secondary source and provided very basic information concerning the Renaissance Period and Polyphony. Knox, Ellis L. The Council of Trent. Europe in the Age of Reformation. 2011. Boise State University. 26 December 2011. <http://www.boisestate.edu/courses/reformation/rcc/trent.shtml>. -This websites contents did not directly relate to my topic, but it provided necessary backround information concerning the Council of Trent. It is a secondary source. Dr. Ellis L. Knox is a professor at Boise State University and has a PhD in early modern Europe. Lorraine, Jehan de. Secular Music in 15th Century England. Minstrels Guild of Drachenwald. 2004. 26 December 2011. <http://minstrel.starstonedesign.com/archives/articles/000080.html>. -This website helped me to understand secular music during the Renaissance and how it affected the commoners. This website provided many different types of madrigals that minstrels played while traveling. It is a secondary source. Luther, Martin. A Mighty Fortress is Our God. Concordia Publishing House, 2004.

-This is a hymn written by Martin Luther. It gave an example of his dedication to music. This is not a primary source because it is not sung the in original language that it was written. Luther, Martin. From Heaven Above to Earth I Come. Concordia Publishing House, 2004. -This hymn, also by Martin Luther, is a piece made for Christmas. This piece demonstrated that Martin Luther loved music and even wrote it. It is a secondary source because it is not in the original language that it was written in. McComb, Todd M. Medieval Perspectives: Dark Ages. Medieval Music & Arts Foundation. 1991-2011. 18 December 2011. <http://www.medieval.org/emfaq/beginlst/med2dark.html>. -This website provided information on music of The Dark Ages and how it was very simple. This is a secondary source. It increased my understanding of monophonic music. Middle Ages Music. Middle Ages Music. 16 December 2011. <http://www.middleages.org.uk/middle-ages-music.htm>. -This website helped me to understand more clearly the way that society changed after the Dark Ages. It also exemplified how music started off and then grew to the point of where it was in the Renaissance. This is a secondary source. Middle Ages Music & Instruments. The Middle Ages. 2011. TheMiddleAges.net. 11 December 2011. <http://www.themiddleages.net/life/music.html>.

-This website is a secondary source that provided information on the instruments of the Renaissance Period. It helped me to understand which instruments were common in formal music, and which ones were casual. Nef, Karl. An Outline of the History of Music. Trans. Carl. F. Pfatteicher. New York: Columbia Universtiy Press, 1935. Print. This book is a secondary source, but it contained many short pieces of music, one being a motet by Palestrina that I used in my website. It exemplified the styles of church music and showd that it was often word for word from the bible. Palestrina (c.1526-1594) And The Counter-Reformation. LIU. 14 December 2011. <http://wotan.liu.edu/home/braxton/3pales.html>. -This website was a secondary source. It provided information concerning Palestrinas role in The Counter-Reformation. From this I learned that Palestrina was not only a good musician, but his actions swayed The Council of Trent into accepting polyphony, which affected the types of music that were used in churches. Renaissance Music. Making Music. Pearson Education Inc. 20 December 2011. <http://www.sbgmusic.com/html/teacher/reference/historical/renaiss.html>. -This website helped widen my understanding of all types of music during the Renaissance. It explained more thouroughly how the minstrels traveled and shared their music. It also explained the importance of choral music during the Renaissance. This is a secondary source. Stanley, John. Classical Music. London: Octopus Publishing Group, 2005. Print.

-This book provided extra information on instruments, composers and musical style of the renaissance. It particularly helped me understand the important events that were going on during this time that influenced music. It is a secondary source