Income Tax Act 2058 67 N

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o:t} dfWodsf] k|o f] u jf k| o f]u ug]{ clwsf/ / cf} Bf]l us,
Jofkfl/s jf j}1 flgs cg' e j k|bfg ug]{ ,
-$_
pkv08 -!_, -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhdsf s'/fdf ;xfos x'g]

lsl;dn] s'g} ;xof] u k|b fg ug]{ , jf
-%_
pkv08 -!_, -@_, -#_ jf -$_ adf]lhdsf s'/ fsf ;DaGwdf

k"0f{ jf cf+lzs aGb] h dfGg] .
t/ o; zAbn] k| fs[l ts ;| f]tafktsf] e' QmfgLnfO{ hgfpg]
5}g .
-sv_ nufgL eGgfn] b] xfo adf]lhd afx] s Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L ;DklQ wf/0f ug]{
jf To:tf] ;DklQ nufgL ug]{ sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ M
-!_
;DklQdf :jfldTj /fVg] JolQmaf6 lghL k| of]udf NofOPsf] ;DklQ /fVg]

sfo{,
-@_
/f] huf/L jf Joj;fo .

t/ u}/ Jofj;flos s/of]Uo ;DklQ /fVg] sfo{ nufgL dflgg] 5 .
-su_ nufgL ladf eGgfn] b]xfosf s'g} ladf ;Dg' k5{ M

-!_
laldt JolQm jf laldt JolQmsf] ;Da4 JolQmsf] d[ To'

;DaGwL 36gfsf xsdf ul/Psf] ladf,
-@_
laldt JolQm jf lghsf] ;Da4 JolQmsf] JolQmut rf] 6k6s

jf s'g} vf; tj/df c;Ifd x' g] 36gf ;DaGwL ladf,
t/ ladfsf] ladf ;Df} tf slDtdf kfF r jif{ ;Dd
jxfn /xg] jf jxfnLsf] ;do ;Ldf gePsf] / s/f/df
plNnlvt ljz]i f kl/l:yltx?df afx] s kfF r jif{sf] cjlw
e' Qmfg x'g' cufj} ladsaf6 cGTo ug{ g;lsg] u/L ul/Psf]
x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_
s'g} /sd jf >+[ vnfa4 /sdx? eljiodf laldtnfO{ e'QmfgL

x'g] u/L ul/Psf] ladf,
-$_
pkv08 -!_, -@_, jf -#_ cGtu{ tsf ladfsf] k' gla{ d f, /
-%_
pkv08 -$_ df plNnlvt k' gla{ dfsf] k'gla{df .
-s 3_ nfef+ z eGgfn] lgsfoaf6 x'g] ljt/0f ;Dg' k5{ .

-s _ afl;Gbf JolQm eGgfn] s'g} cfo jif{sf ;DaGwdf b]xfosf JolQm ;Dg''
k5{ M
-!_
k| fs[l ts JolQmsf] ;DaGwdf,

-s_
;fdfGo a;f]af;sf] :yfg g] kfndf /x] sf] ,
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .

10
-v_
=================cljlR5Gg #^% lbgsf] cjlwdf !*# lbg jf
;f] eGbf a9L g] kfndf /x]sf] , jf

-u_
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 cfo jif{ sf] s'g} ;dodf ljb] zdf

v6fOPsf] .
-@_
;f]bf/L kmd{,
-#_
6i6sf] ;DaGwdf To:tf] 6i 6 h'g,
-u_
-s_
g]kfndf :yfkgf ePsf] ,
-v_
6i6sf] 6i 6L cfo jif{df afl;Gbf JolQm ePsf] jf,
6i6nfO{ cfo jif{ df afl;Gbf JolQm jf lgh ;+ nUg ePsf]

JolQmx?sf] ;d"x n] k| ToIf jf Ps jf a9L dWo:y lgsfo -
-$_
OG6/kf]H 8 OlG66L_ x?sf] dfWodf/f lgoGq0f u/] s f] .

sDkgLsf] ;DaGwdf To:tf] sDkgL h' g,
-s_
-v_
g]kfnsf] sfg"g cGtu{ t ;+ : yflkt ePsf] jf,
s'g} cfo jif{ df g] kfndf ;f] sDkgLsf] Joj:yfkg k| e fjsf/L

/x]s f] .
-$s_ g]kfn ;/sf/,

-%_
ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/kflnsf jf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt,
-^_
s'g} ljb]zL ;/sf/ jf ;f] ;/sf/ cGtu{ tsf k| fGtLo
jf
:yfgLo ;/sf/sf]] To:tf] lgsfosf] ;DaGwdf h'g,

-s_
-v_
g]kfnsf] sfg"gcGtu{ t :yflkt ePsf] , jf
s'g} cfo jif{ df g] kfndf To:tf] lgsfosf] Joj:yfkg

k| efjsf/L /x] sf] .
-&_
s'g} ;lGw ;Df} tf cGtu{ t :yflkt ;+ : yf jf lgsfo, /
-*_
u}/ afl;Gbf JolQmsf] g] kfndf /x] sf] ljb]z L :yfoL ;+ : yfkg .
-s r_ JolQm eGgfn] k|fs[l ts JolQm jf lgsfo ;Dg' k5{ .
cflys{ P]g, @)^& 4f/f lemlsPsf] .

cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]lwt .
11
-s 5_ Joj:yfks eGgfn] s'g} lgsfosf] Joj:yfksLo lg0f{ ox? ug]{ sfddf

;+ nUg x'g] JolQm ;Dg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] s'g} 6i 6sf] 6i6L / ljb]z L :yfoL
;+ :yfkgdf :jfldTj ePsf] JolQm ;d] tnfO{ hgfpF 5 .
-s h_ Joj;fo eGgfn]] s' g} klg k| sf/sf] pBf]u, Jofkf/, k]zf jf o:t} cGo
k| s[ltsf Jofj;flos sf/f]a f/ ;Dg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] To:t} k| sf/sf ljut,
jt{d fg jf efjL Joj;fox?nfO{ ;d] t hgfpF 5 .
t/ o; zAbn] /f] huf/LnfO{ hgfpF g] 5}g .
-s _ Aofh eGgfn] b]xfosf e' QmfgL jf nfe ;Dg' k5{ M
-!_
;fjfF afx] s C0f bfloTj cGtu{ tsf] e'QmfgL,
-@_
5'6,
C0f bfloTj cGtu{ tsf] 5' 6, lk|l dod, cbnabn
e' QmfgL jf To:t} e' QmfgLsf] dfWodaf6 k|fKt ul/Psf] nfe, /

-#_
jflif{ s j[lQ jf ls:tfaGbL laqmL cGtu{ t ;DklQ k| fKt ug]{

JolQmaf6 jf ljQLo k6[ f cGtu{ t s' g} ;DklQsf] k| of] u afkt
s'g} JolQmnfO{ ul/g] e' QmfgL dWo] Aofhsf] ?kdf lnOg] bkmf
#@ adf]l hdsf
/sdx? .
-s `_ Jofkfl/s df}Hbft eGgfn] s' g} JolQmsf] :jfldTjdf /x]s f] lghf/f

;~rflnt lgoldt Joj;fosf] qmddf laqmL ========== ul/g] ;DklQ, sfo{
k| ultdf /x]sf] ;DklQ / ;DklQdf ;dflji6 x'g] ;fdfu| Lx?sf] df}H bft
;Dg' k5{ .
t/ o; zAbn] ljb] zL d'b|fdf /x]sf] ;DklQnfO{ hgfpF g] 5}g .
-s 6_ Jofj;flos ;DklQ eGgfn] s'g} Joj;fodf k| of] u ul/Psf] s' g} ;DklQ
;Dg' k5{ .
t/ o; zAbn] Jofkfl/s df} Hbft jf Joj;fosf] x|f;of]Uo ;DklQnfO{
hgfpF g] 5}g .
-s 7_ ljt/0f eGgfn] bkmf %# df pNn] v eP adf]l hd s'g} lgsfoaf6 x' g]
ljt/0f ;Dg' k5{ .

cflys{ P]g, @)^& 4f/f lemlsPsf] .
12
-s7!_ ljB'l to dfWod eGgfn] sDKo" 6/, kmofS;, Od] n, OG6/g] 6, ljB'l to Sof;
d]lzg, lkm:sn lk| G 6/ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zJbn] ljefun] tf] s]s f cGo :jLs[ t
dfWodnfO{ ;d] t hgfpF5 .
-s 8_ ljb]z k7fPsf] cfo eGgfn] u}/ afl;Gbf JolQmsf] g] kfnl:yt bkmf ^*

adf]l hdsf] ljb] zL :yfoL ;+ : yfkgn] ljb]z k7fpg' kg]{ cfo a}+s dfkm{ t
ljb] z k7fPsf] jf cGo s'g} klg tl/sfn] e' QmfgL u/]s f] /sd ;Dg' k5{ .
-s 9_ ljb]zL cfos/ eGgfn] s'g} ljb] z L d' n's n] nufPsf] bkmf ^( sf] pkbkmf *_ df plNnlvt ljb]zL cfos/ ;Dg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] s' g} ljb]zL d' n'sn]
nufPsf] clGtd ?kdf sL x' g] s/ ;d] tnfO{ hgfpF 5 .
-s 0f_ ljb]zL :yfoL ;+: yfkg eGgfn] v08 -e_ sf]
pkv08 -%_ adf]l hdsf]
lgsfo ;Dg' k5{ .

-s t_ ljefu eGgfn] cfGtl/s /fhZj ljefu ;Dg' k5{ .
-s y_ j} b]lzs d' b| fdf /x]sf] ;DklQ eGgfn] g]kfnL ?k} ofFF afx] s cGo ljb] zL
d'b|fdf /x]sf] ;DklQ ;Dg' k5{ .
-sb_ :yfoL ;+: yfkg eGgfn] s'g} JolQmn] k" 0 f{ jf cf+l zs ?kdf Joj;fo
;~rfng ug]{ :yfg ;Dg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] b]x fosf :yfg ;d] tnfO{
hgfpF 5 M
-!_
Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{ ;fdfGo qmddf :jtGq x}l ;otn] sfo{

ug]{ ;fwf/0f Ph]06 afx]s s'g} Ph] 0 6 dfkm{ t s'g} JolQmn]
k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf Joj;fo ug]{ :yfg,
-@_
s'g} JolQmsf] d' Vo pks/0f jf d' Vo d]l ;g/L /x] sf] jf k|o f] u
u/] s f] jf h8fg u/] sf] :yfg,
-#_
s'g} afx| dlxgfsf] cjlwdf Ps} k6s jf k6sk6s u/L

gAa] lbgeGbf a9L s'g} JolQmn] sd{rf/Ldfkm{ t jf cGo
k| sf/n] k| fljlws, Jofj;flos jf k/fdz{ ;] j f k|bfg u/]sf]
s'g} b]zsf] Ps jf PseGbf a9L :yfg, jf

cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]lwt .
13
-$_
s'g} JolQmn] gAa] lbg jf ;f] eGbf a9L ;do;Dd lgdf{0f ug]{ ,
h8fg ug]{ jf :yfkgf ug]{ cfof] hgfdf ;+ nUg /x]s f] :yfg
tyf ;f] cfof] hgfsf] ;' kl/j] If0f ;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx?
;~rfng u/]sf] :yfg .
-s w_ ;DklQ eGgfn] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] d" t{ jf cd" t{ ;DklQ ;Dg' k5{ / ;f]
zAbn] d' b|f, Voflt, k|ljlw 1fg, hfoh] yf, s'g} JolQmsf] ljb]zL zfvfdf /x] sf]
:jfldTj jf lxt, cfDbfgL ug]{ jf eljiodf cfDbfgL k| fKt ug]{ clwsf/ /
s'g} To:tf] ;DklQsf] s'g} efu ;d] tnfO{ hgfpF 5 .
-s g_ ;Da4 JolQm eGgfn] Ps csf]{ JolQmsf] dg;fo cg' ;f/ sfd ug]{ Ps jf
PseGbf a9L JolQm jf To:tf JolQmx?sf] ;d"x ;Dg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn]
b]xfosf JolQmx? ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 M
-!_
k| fs[l ts JolQm / ;f] JolQmsf] gft]bf/ jf s'g} JolQm jf ;f]

JolQmsf] ;f]b f/,
-@_
ljb] zL :yfoL ;+:yfkg / ;f] ;+: yfkgdf :jfldTj ePsf]

JolQm, /
-#_
s'g} lgsfo cfkm} jf cfkm" ;+u ;DalGwt cGo JolQm jf

;xof] uL lgsfo jf To:tf ;xof] uL lgsfo;+ u ;DalGwt cGo
s'g} JolQm jf lgsfo;+ u ldn]/ s'g} lgsfosf] cfo, k"F hL jf
dtflwsf/sf] krf; k|l tzt jf ;f] eGbf a9L lx:;f lgoGq0f
ug]{ jf ;f]a f6 kmfObf k|fKt ug{] lgsfo .
t/ b] xfosf JolQm ;Da4 JolQm x'g] 5} g M
-!_
sd{ rf/L,
-@_
ljefun] ;Da4 JolQm xf]Og egL tf]s]s f] JolQm .
-sg!_ ;dfof]l ht s/of]U o cfo eGgfn]] s' g} JolQmsf] s'g} cfojif{ sf] s/ of]Uo
cfosf] u0fgf ubf{ bkmf !@ adf]l hd s'g} /sd g36fO{ tyf bkmf !$ sf]
pkbkmf -@_, bkmf !& jf !* adf]l hd sL gu/L u0fgf ul/Psf] s/of]Uo
cfo ;Dg' k5{ .

14
-s k_ ;f] bf/L eGgfn]] aL; hgf eGbf sd ;f] bf/ eO{ k| rlnt sfg" g
adf]l hd btf{ eP jf gePsf] kmd{ ;Dg' k5{ .
t/ o; zAbn] btf{ ePsf] jf gePsf] Psnf} 6L kmd{ jf ;+o' Qm
pBdnfO{ hgfpFg] 5} g .
-s km_ ;fdfGo ladf eGgfn] nufgL ladf afx] ssf ladf ;Dg' k5{ .
-s a_ ;fdfGo Aofh b/ eGgfn] jflif{ s
kGw| k|l tztsf] Aofhsf] b/ ;Dg'
k5{ .
-s e_ :jLs[t cjsfz sf]if eGgfn] bkmf ^# sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd ljefuaf6
:jLs[l t k|fKt u/] sf] cjsfz sf]i f ;Dg' k5{ .
-s d_ ;] jf z'Ns eGgfn] s' g} JolQmn] pknAw u/fPsf] ;] jf afkt lghnfO{ ahf/
d"No cg' ;f/ e' QmfgL ul/Psf] s' g} z'Ns ;Dg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] sldzg,
a}7s eQf, Joj:yfkg z'Ns jf k| fljlws ;] jf z' NsnfO{ ;d] t hgfpF 5 .
-s o_ z]o/jfnf eGgfn] s'g} sDkgLsf] lxtflwsf/L JolQm ;Dg' k5{ .
-s /_ x|f;of]U o ;DklQ eGgfn] s'g} Joj;fo jf nufgLdf cfo cfh{gsf] nflu
k|of] u ul/Psf 6' 6k'm6, k" /fgf] x'+Fb} uPsf] jf ;do JotLt x'Fb} uPsf]
sf/0faf6 d"Nodf x|f; x'g] ;DklQ ;Dg' k5{ .
t/ o; zAbn] Jofkfl/s df}HbftnfO{ hgfpFg] 5}g .
-s n_ lxtflwsf/L eGgfn]
s'g} lgsfodf v08 -d_ adf]l hdsf] lxt ePsf]
JolQm ;Dg' k5{ .

-s j_ tf]l sPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]lhd eGgfn] o; P] g cGtu{ t ag] sf]
lgodx?df tf]l sPsf] jf tf]l sP adf]lhd ;Dg' k5{ .
kl/R5]b@
s/sf] cfwf/
#=
s/ nufpg]
nufpg] M b]xfosf k|To]s JolQmnfO{ k|To]s cfo jif{df o; P]g adf]l hd s/
nufO{ c;" npk/ ul/g]5 M
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .

15
-s_
s'g} cfo jif{df s/of]U o cfo ePsf] JolQm,
-v_
bkmf ^* sf] pkbkmf -#_ / -$_ adf]l hd s'g} cfo jif{ sf] cfo ljb]z df
k7fpg] u}/afl;Gbf JolQmsf] g] kfndf cjl:yt ljb]zL :yfoL ;+ : yfkg, /
-u_
s'g} cfo jif{df clGtd ?kdf s/ sL eO{ e' QmfgL k| fKt ug]{ JolQm .
#s=
$=
s/sf] u0fgf / s/sf] b/ M -!_ s'g} cfo jif{ sf nflu bkmf # df plNnlvt s'g}
=====================
JolQmn] bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ s/sf] /sd ;f] bkmfsf] v08 -s_, -v_ / -u_ df plNnlvt
s'g} Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L JolQmsf] x}l ;otn] ;f] JolQmn] bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ s/sf]
hDdf /sd a/fa/ x'g]5 .
-@_ bkmf # sf] v08 -s_ adf]l hdsf] s' g} JolQmn] bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ s/sf]
u0fgf ubf{ ;f] cfo jif{ s f nflu ;f] JolQmsf] s/of]Uo cfodf cg' ;"rL! df
plNnlvt ;DalGwt b/x? nufO{ u0fgf ug'{ kg]{ 5 . o;/L s/sf] u0fgf ubf{ bkmf
%! jf &! jf b'a} bkmf adf]l hd ;f] JolQmn] bfjL u/] sf] s'g} s/ ldnfg ug{ kfpg]
/sd s6fO{ u0fgf ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg b]x fosf ;a}
cj:yfx? k"/ f u/]s f bkmf # sf] v08 -s_ adf]l hdsf] afl;Gbf k| fs[l ts JolQmn]
bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ s/ To:tf afl;Gbf k| fs[l ts JolQmnfO{ ;f] cfo jif{df
/f] huf/bftfaf6 lbOPsf e' QmfgLaf6 bkmf *& adf]l hd sL ePsf] s/ /sdsf]
hDdf /sd a/fa/ x'g]5 .
-s_
;f] cfo jif{sf] cfodf g] kfndf ;| f]t ePsf] s'g} /f] huf/Lsf]
cfodfq ;dfj]z ePsf] ,
-v_
;f] cfo jif{df ;a} /f] huf/bftf afl;Gbf JolQm ePsf] / Ps

k6sdf Pp6fdfq /f] huf/bftf ePsf] , /
cfly{s P] g, @)^& 4f/f vf/] h .

16
-u_ /f] huf/bftfn] e' QmfgL u/] sf] cf}iflw pkrf/ vr{ jfktsf] s/
ldnfg / /f] huf/bftfn] g} e' QmfgL ul/lbPsf] cjsfz
of] ubfg dfq 36fpg bfjL u/]sf] tyf bkmf !@ ad]flhd
rGbf jfkt vr{ 36fpg bfjL gu/] sf] .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf ;a}
cj:yfx? k"/f u/]sf bkmf # sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] afl;Gbf
k|fs[l ts JolQmn] s'g} cfo jif{d f bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ s/
cg'';"rL! sf] bkmf ! sf] pkbkmf -&_ df plNnlvt /sd
a/fa/ x'g]5 .
-s_
;f] cfo jif{ df ;f] JolQmsf] g] kfndf ;| f]t ePsf] Joj;foaf6

k| fKt cfo dfq ePsf] ,
-s!_
cf}i fwL pkrf/ vr{ jfkt bkmf %! adf]lhd tyf clu|d

s/sL jfkt bkmf (# adf]l hd s/ ldnfg ug{ bfjL
gu/]sf] ,
-v_
Joj;foaf6 k| fKt cfo b'O{ nfv ?k} ofF / Joj;fosf] sf/f] af/
aL; nfv ?k} ofF eGbf a9L gePsf], /
-u_
;f] JolQmn] ;f] cfo jif{df of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] u/L 5gf} 6
u/] s f] .
-%_ bkmf # sf] v08 -v_ adf]l hdsf] ljb] zL :yfoL ;+: yfkgn] bflvnf ug'{
kg]{ s/sf] u0fgf ubf{ To:tf] ;+ : yfkgn] ;f] cfo jif{d f ljb] z k7fPsf] cfodf
cg' ;"rL! sf] bkmf @ sf] pkbkmf -^_ df plNnlvt b/ nufO{ u0fgf ug{' kg]{5 .
-^_ bkmf # sf] v08 -u_ adf]l hdsf] JolQmn] bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ s/ ;f]
JolQmn] ;f] cfo jif{ df k| fKt u/] s f] clGtd ?kdf s/ sL x'g] k| To] s e' QmfgLsf]
/sddf bkmf *&, ** / *( df plNnlvt b/ nufO{ u0fgf ul/Psf] hDdf /sd
a/fa/ x'g]5 .

17
%=
s/of]Uo cfo / cfosf zLif{sx?sf] juL{s/0f

/0 M s'g} JolQmsf] s'g} cfo jif{ sf]
s/of]Uo cfo ;f] jif{df b]x fosf k| To] s cfosf zLif{ sx?sf] lgwf{ /0fof] Uo cfosf] s" n
hDdf /sdaf6 bkmf !@ jf ^# jf b'a} bkmf adf]l hd s'g} bfjL u/] sf] /sd eP ;f]
/sd 36fO{ u0fgf ul/Psf] /sd a/fa/ x'g] 5 M
-s_
Joj;fo,
-v_
/f] huf/L, ============
-u_
nufgL,
^=
-3_ cfsl:ds nfe .
lgwf{/0fof]Uo cfo M o; P]gsf] cwLgdf /xL s'g} JolQmsf] s'g} cfo jif{df s'g}
Joj;fo, /f]huf/L jf nufgLaf6 ePsf] b]xfosf cfox?nfO{ lgwf{/0fof]Uo cfo
dflgg]5 M
-s_
afl;Gbf JolQmsf] cfosf] ;| f]t hxfF ;'s} ePklg ;f] jif{ d f ;f] JolQmsf]
/f] huf/L, Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 ePsf] cfo, /
-v_
u}/afl;Gbf JolQmsf] ;f] jif{ df cfosf] ;| f]t g] kfndf ePsf] /f] huf/L,
Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 ePsf] cfo .
t/ lgwf{/0fof]Uo cfodf bkmf !! jf ^$ jf b' a} bkmf adf]l hd s/
5'6 lbOPsf] s' g} klg cfo ;dfj]z x'g] 5}g .
kl/R5]b#
cfosf] u0fgf
&=
Joj;foaf6 ePsf] cfosf] u0fgf M -!_ s'g} JolQmsf] s'g} cfo jif{ df s' g} Joj;fo
;~rfngaf6 ePsf] d'g fkmf / nfex? ;f] JolQmsf] ;f] Joj;fosf] ;f] jif{s f] cfo
x'g]5 .
-@_ s'g} JolQmsf] s'g} cfo jif{ d f Joj;fo ;~rfngaf6 ePsf] d' gfkmf /
nfesf] u0fgf ubf{ ;f] JolQmn] ;f] jif{l eq k| fKt u/] sf] b]x fosf /sdx? ;dfj]z
u/L u0fgf ug{' kg]{ 5 M
cfly{s P] g, @)^& 4f/f lemlsPsf] .

cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .

18
-s_
;] jf z'N s,
-v_
Jofkfl/s df}Hbftsf] lg;u{a f6 k| fKt /sd,
-u_
kl/R5]b * adf]l hd u0fgf ul/Psf] s'g} JolQmsf] Jofj;flos

;DklQ jf Jofj;flos bfloTjsf] lg;u{af6 k|fKt v"b nfe,
-3_
Joj;fosf] x| f;of] Uo ;DklQsf] lg;u{ a f6 cg' ;"rL@ sf] bkmf

$ sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]l hd k| fKt u/] sf] dflgg]
/sd,
-_
Joj;fosf ;DaGwdf s'g} JolQmaf6 k| fKt u/] sf] pkxf/,
-r_
Joj;fo ;~rfngsf] ;DaGwdf s' g} k|l taGw :jLsf/ u/]

afkt k| fKt u/] sf]] /sd,
-5_
s'g} JolQmn] k| fKt u/] s f] /sd nufgLaf6 x'g] cfodf ;dfj]z

x'g] k|s[l tsf] eP tfklg To:tf] JolQmn] cfgf] Joj;fo;+ u
k| ToIf ?kdf ;DalGwt eO{ k|fKt u/] sf] /sd, /
-h_
kl/R5]b ^ jf & jf bkmf %^ jf ^) adf]l hd ;dfj]z ul/g'

kg]{ cGo /sdx? .
-#_
pkbkmf -@_ df h' g ;' s} s' /f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg bkmf !), %$ /
^( adf]l hd 5' 6 kfpg] /sd / clGtd ?kdf s/ sL x' g] e'QmfgLx? Joj;fo

;~rfngaf6 ePsf] d' g fkmf / nfesf] u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj]z ug{' kg]{ 5}g .
*=
/f]huf/Laf6 ePsf] cfosf] u0fgf M -!_ s'g} k|fs[l ts JolQmn] s'g} cfo jif{ df
/f] huf/Laf6 k| fKt u/]s f] kfl/>lds ;f] jif{d f ;f] JolQmsf] /f] huf/Lsf] cfo dfgL
u0fgf ug{' kg]{5 .
-@_
/f] huf/bftfaf6 s'g} cfo jif{d f k| fs[l ts JolQmnfO{ lbOPsf b]xfosf
e' QmfgLx? To:tf] k|fs[l ts JolQmsf] ;f] cfo jif{sf] /f] huf/Laf6 k| fKt kfl/>lds
u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj]z ug{' kg]{ 5 M
-s_
Hofnf, tna, labf afktsf] /sd, cltl/Qm ;do sfd u/]

afktsf] /sd, z'N s, sldzg, k'/:sf/, pkxf/, af] g; /
cGo ;'l jwfx? afktsf] e' QmfgL,
19
-v_
dxL eQf, hLjg lgjf{x vr{ , ef8f, dgf] /Ghg jf oftfoft

eQf afktsf] /sd nufot s' g} klg JolQmut eQfsf
e' QmfgL,
-u_
lgh jf lghsf] ;Da4 JolQmn] JolQmut k| of] hgsf] nflu

u/] s f] vr{s f] km5\of}{ 6 jf ;f] wegf{ afkt k| fKt ul/Psf]
e' QmfgL,
-3_
/f] huf/Lsf s'g} zt{ df ;xdtL hgfP afkt ul/Psf e' QmfgL,
-_
/f] huf/Lsf] cGTo, gf]S ;fgL jf clgjfo{ cjsfz afkt

ul/Psf e' QmfgL,
-r_
cjsfz e' QmfgL / /f]huf/bftfn] ;f] sd{ rf/Lsf] nflu

cjsfz sf]i fdf hDdf u/]s f] /sd ;d] tsf cjsfz of] ubfg,
-5_
/f] huf/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf cGo e' QmfgL, /
-h_
kl/R5]b ^ jf & adf]lhd ;dfj] z ul/g' kg]{ cGo /sdx? .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;' s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} k| fs[l ts JolQmn]
/f] huf/Laf6 k| fKt u/] s f] kfl/>ldssf] u0fgf ubf{ b]x fosf s'/ fx? ;dfj] z ug{' kg]{
5}g M
-s_
bkmf !) adf]l hd 5' 6 kfpg] /sd / clGtd ?kdf s/ sL

x'g] e' QmfgL,
-v_
;dfg
zt{ df
;a}
sd{ rf/LnfO{
pknAw
x'g]
u/L
/f] huf/bftfaf6 sfo{: yndf sd{ rf/LnfO{ pknAw u/fOPsf

vfgf tyf vfhf,
-u_
s'g} sd{ rf/Ln] u/] s f] b]x fosf vr{s f] km5\ of}{ 6 jf ;f] wegf{ M
-!_
;f] vr{ n] /f] huf/bftfsf] Joj;fo k|of] hg k"/f u/] d f, jf
-@_
k| fs[l ts JolQmsf] Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 x'g] cfosf]

u0fgfdf 5' 6 ePsf] jf 5' 6 x'g] vr{ .
-3_
lx;fa lstfa /fVg cJofjxfl/s jf k|zf;lgs ?kn] sl7g

x'g] tf]l sP adf]l hdsf] ;fgf /sdsf] e' QmfgL .
20
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k| of] hgsf] nflu e' QmfgL eGgfn]

b]xfoadf]l hd ePsf] e' QmfgL ;Dg' k5{ .
-s_
/f] huf/bftfaf6 ePsf] ,
-v_
/f] huf/bftfsf] ;Da4 JolQmaf6 ePsf] , /
-u_
/f] hufbftf jf lghsf] ;Da4 JolQm;+ u ePsf] ;Df} tf

cg' ;f/sf] s'g} t] ;|f] JolQmaf6 ePsf] .
(=
nufgLaf6 ePsf] cfosf] u0fgf M -!_ s' g} JolQmn] s'g} cfo jif{d f nufgLaf6 u/] sf]
d'gfkmf / nfex? ;f] JolQmsf] ;f] nufgLsf] ;f] jif{sf] cfo x'g]5 .
-@_
s'g} JolQmn] s'g} cfo jif{ d f nufgL u/] a fkt u/]sf] d'g fkmf /
nfesf] u0fgf ubf{ ;f] JolQmn] ;f] jif{df k| fKt u/]sf b]xfosf /sdx? ;dfj] z ug{'
kg]{ 5 M
-s_
;f] nufgLaf6 k| fKt nfef+ z , Aofh, k| fs[l ts ;| f]t afktsf]

e' QmfgL, ef8f, /f] oN6L, nufgL ladfaf6 k| fKt nfe, bkmf ^#
sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd :jLs[l t k| fKt gu/]s f] cjsfz
sf]i fsf] lxtaf6 k| fKt nfe jf :jLs[ t cjsfz sf]i faf6
ul/Psf] cjsfz e' QmfgL,
-v_
kl/R5]b * adf]l hd u0fgf ul/Psf]] ;f] JolQmsf] ;f] nufgLsf]

u}/ Jofj;flos s/of] Uo ;DklQsf] lg;u{a f6 k| fKt v" b nfe,
-u_
;f] JolQmn] u/]sf] nufgLsf] x| f;of] Uo ;DklQ lg;u{ ubf{

cg' ;"rL@ sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -s_
adf]l hd x| f;of] Uo ;DklQsf] ;d"x df ePsf ;DklQsf] nflu
ul/Psf] vr{x? -cfp6uf]O ;_ ;lxtsf] afF s L d" No eGbf
k| fKt x'g] cfDbfgLx? -Ogsld;_ a9L ePDff ;f] a9L
ePhlt /sd,
-3_
nufgLsf ;DaGwdf ;f] JolQmn] k| fKt u/] sf] pkxf/,
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .

21
-_
;f] nufgLsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cjsfz e'QmfgL / ;f]

JolQmsf] nflu cjsfz sf]i fdf hDdf ul/Psf] /sd ;d] tsf]
cjsfz of] ubfg,
-r_
nufgLsf ;DaGwdf s'g} k|ltaGw :jLsf/ u/] afkt k| fKt

ul/Psf /sdx?, /
-5_
kl/R5]b ^ jf & jf bkmf %^ adf]l hd ;dfj]z ul/g' kg]{

cGo
/sdx? .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g ;'s} s' /f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg s'g} JolQmn]
nufgLaf6 k| fKt ug]{ d' g fkmf tyf nfesf] u0fgf ubf{ b]xfosf s' /fx? ;dfj]z ul/g]
5}g\g M
-s_
bkmf !), %$, / ^( adf]l hd 5' 6 kfpg] /sd / clGtd

?kdf s/ sL x' g] e'QmfgL, /
-v_
;f] JolQmn] /f] huf/L jf Joj;foaf6 cfh{ g ug]{ cfosf]

u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj]z ul/g] /sd .
kl/R5]b$
5'6 x'g] /sdx? / cGo 5'6x?
!)=
5'6 x'g] /sdx? M b]xfosf /sdx?df s/ 5'6 x'g]5 M

-s_
g]kfn ;/sf/ / s'g} ljb]zL /fi6 jf cGt/f{li6o ;+ 3 ;+ : yfsf] aLrdf ePsf]

lkIfLo jf ax' kIfLo ;lGwdf pNn] v eP adf]l hd s/ 5' 6sf] ;'ljwf kfpg]
s'g} JolQmn] k|fKt u/]sf] s/ 5' 6sf] /sd,
-v_
ljb] zL /fi6 s f] ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /f] huf/L u/] afkt s'g} k| fs[l ts JolQmn] k| fKt
u/] s f] /sd,
t/,
-!_
;f] JolQm /f] huf/L u/] sf] sf/0fn] dfq afl;Gbf jf u}/
afl;Gbf ePsf] x' g' kg]{5 , /
-@_
;f] /fi6sf] ;/sf/L sf]i faf6 To:tf /sdx? e' QmfgL ul/Psf]
x'g'
kg]{ 5 .
22
-u_
g]kfnsf] gful/s gePsf] v08 -v_ adf]l hdsf] k| fs[l ts JolQm jf lghsf]
lgs6:y kl/jf/sf] ;b:on] ljb]z L /fi6s f] ;/sf/L sf]i faf6 k|fKt u/] sf
/sd,
-3_
s/ ltg'{ gkg]{ zt{ df g] kfn ;/sf/sf] ;] jfdf lgo' Qm ePsf u}/ g] kfnL
gful/sn] k| fKt u/] sf] /sd,
-_
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ljwjf, a[ 4 jf ckf JolQmnfO{ lbOg] eQf,
-r_
bkmf &, * jf ( adf]l hd cfosf] u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj]z ul/g' kg]{ /sd afx] s
pkxf/, OR5fkq, ck' tfnL jf 5fqj[l Qsf] ?kdf k| fKt /sdx?,
-5_
5'6 kfpg] ;+ : yfn] b]xfo afkt k| fKt u/] sf] /sd M

-!_
rGbf, pkxf/,
-@_
bkmf @ sf] v08 -w_ adf]l hdsf] 5' 6 kfpg] ;+: yfnfO{
k|ltkmn k| fKt ug]{ jf k|l tkmnsf] cf; gu/L To:tf] ;+:yfsf]
sfo{ ;+u k|ToIf ?kn] ;DalGwt cGo of] ubfgx?, jf
-#_
g]kfn /fi6 a}+ s n] cfgf] p2] Zo cg' ? k cfh{g u/]sf] /sd,

jf
-h_
-$_ g] kfn lwtf] k q jf]8{n] cfk\ mgf] p2] Zo cg' ?k cfh{ g u/] sf] /sd .
ljb] zL /fi6s f] ;] gf jf k|x/L ;] afaf6 cjsfz k| fKt u/]s f] g] kfnL gful/sn]

;f] /fi6s f] ;/sf/L sf]i faf6 k| fKt u/] sf] lgj[lQe/0f afktsf] /sd .
!!=
-em_ g] kfn ;/sf/sf] h' g;' s} k| sf/sf] cfo .
Jofj;flos 5'6 tyf ;'ljwfx? M -!_ s'g} kmd{ , sDkgL, ;f]bf/L tyf ;+ ul7t
;+ :yfsf] ?kdf btf{ u/L s[lif Joj;fo u/L] k| fKt u/]s f] cfodf / e"l d ;DaGwL P] g,
@)@! sf] bkmf !@ sf] v08 -3_ / -_ df pNn] v eP adf]lhdsf] hUufdf s[lif
Joj;foaf6 k| fKt ePsf]afx] s cGo s[lif cfDbfgLdf s/ nfUg] 5}g .
-@_ ;xsf/L P] g, @)$* adf]lhd btf{ eO{ ;~rfng ePsf] s[l if jf jg
k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t /] zd v]t L tyf /]zd pTkfbg, kmnkm" n v]tL, pTkfbg tyf kmnkm"n
k|zf] w g, kz' kfng, 8] /L pBf]u, s' v'/fkfng, dT:okfng, lrof v] tL tyf k| zf] wg, skmL

23
v]tL tyf k| zf] w g, hl8j'6L v]tL tyf k|zf]w g, t/sf/Lsf jLp ljhg pTkfbg,
df} /Lkfng, dx pTkfbg, /a/ v]tL, sj'lnolt jg, Pu| f]k m/]i6L cflb Jofj;flos jg
;DaGwL Joj;fox h:tf s[lif tyf jghGo pBf]ux, t/sf/L e08f/sf nflu :yflkt
zLt e08f/, s[lif ;DaGwL jLp ljhg, kz' cfxf/f, bfgf, sL6gfzs cf} iflw, dn tyf
s[lif cf}hf/ -oflGqs zlQmaf6 rNg] afx]s _ sf] sf/f] af/ ug]{ ;xsf/L ;+:yf tyf u|fdL0f
;d' bfodf cfwfl/t art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf jf ;+ 3sf] cfodf s/ nfUg] 5} g .
o:tf] ;+: yf jf ;+ 3n] ljt/0f u/] sf] nfef+ zdf ;d]t s/ nfUg] 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0fM o; pkbkmfsf] k|o f] hgsf] nflu u| fdL0f ;d'bfo eGgfn]
dxfgu/kflnsf, pkdxfgu/kflnsf tyf tL If] q;F u hf]l8Psf ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt /
gu/kflnsf afx] ssf If] q ;Demg' k5{ .
-#_ s'g} JolQmnfO{ s'g} cfo jif{d f
laz]i f pBf] u / ;" rgf k|l alw
pBf] uaf6 ePsf] cfodf b]x fo adf]l hd s/ nufOg]5 M

-s_
tLg ;o jf ;f] eGbf a9L g]k fnL gful/snfO{ jif{ e/L g} k|T oIf
/f] huf/L lbg] ljz] if pBf] u / ;" rgf k|ljlw pBf]u nfO{ ;f] jif{ sf]
cfodf nfUg] s/sf] gAa] k|ltzt, afx| ;o jf ;f] eGbf a9L
g]kfnL gful/snfO{ jif{ e/L g} k|T oIf /f]huf/L lbg] ljz] if
pBf]unfO{ ;f] jif{ sf] cfodf nfUg] s/sf] c;L k|ltzt, dlxnf,
blnt jf ckfx dWo] sDtLdf t]l Q; k|ltztnfO{ ;d]t
;dfj] z u/L ;o hgf eGbf a9L g]kfnL gful/snfO{ jif{e/L
k|ToIf /f]huf/L lbPsf] laz] if pBf]u nfO{ ;f] jif{s f] cfodf nfUg]
s/sf] c;L k|ltzt,
-v_
cltcljsl;t, cljsl;t, cNkljsl;t If] qxdf ljz]if pBf]u

;~rfng ePsf] eP To:tf pBf]u ;~rfng ePsf] cfo jif{
;d] t bz cfojif{s f nflu ;f] jif{ xsf] cfodf nfUg] s/sf]
qmdzM bz, aL; / tL; k|ltzt .

24
-#s_ ljz]if cfly{ s If] qdf :yflkt pBf]usf] cfodf nfUg] cfos/ / To:tf
pBf]un] ljt/0f ug]{ nfef+ zdf nfUg] s/df b] xfo adf]lhd 5' 6 x'g] 5 M
-s_
lxdfnL lhNnf / g] kfn ;/sf/n] tf] s]sf] kxf8L lhNnfdf

/x]s f] ljz]if cfly{ s If]qdf :yflkt pBf] un] sf/f]a f/ z' ?
u/] s f] ldltn] bz jif{ ;Dd nfUg] cfos/sf] zt k|l tzt /
To;kl5sf cfo jif{df nfUg] cfos/sf] krf; k|l tzt,
-v_
cGo If]q df /x] sf] ljz]if cfly{s If]qdf :yflkt pBf] un]
sf/f] af/ z' ? u/] sf] ldltn] kfF r jif{ ;Dd nfUg] cfos/sf] zt
k|ltzt / To;kl5sf cfo jif{ d f nfUg] cfos/sf] krf;
k|ltzt,
-u_
ljz]i f cfly{s If]q df :yflkt pBf] un] ljt/0f u/]sf]

nfef+zdf nfUg] s/ sf/f]a f/ z' ? u/] sf] ldltn] kfF r jif{ ;Dd
zt k|l tzt / To;kl5sf] tLg jif{ ;Dd krf; k|l tzt,
-3_
ljz]i f cfly{s If] qdf :yflkt pBf] usf ljb]z L nufgLstf{ n]

ljb] zL k|ljlw jf Joj:yfkg ;]j f z'Ns tyf /f]oN6Laf6
cfh{ g u/]s f] cfodf nfUg] cfos/ krf; k|ltzt .
-#v_ k]6f]lnod tyf k| fs[lts UofF; cGj] zg tyf pTvgg ug]{ sf/f]j f/ ug]{
JolQmn] @)&% ;fn r} q dlxgf;Dd Jofkfl/s ?kdf sf/f]af/ ;+rfng u/] df sf/f] af/
;+rfng u/] sf] ldltn] klxnf] ;ft jif{; Dd k' /} cfos/ 5'6 kfpg]5 / To; kl5sf] tLg
jif{ ;Dd krf; k|ltzt cfos/ 5' 6 kfpg] 5 .
-#u_ g] kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;" rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s]sf] 6]Sgf] nf] hL
kfs{, jfof]6] s kfs{ / ;" rgf k|ljlw kfs{leq :yflkt ;k\ m6j] o / ljsf;, tYof+ s k|zf]w g,
;fOj/ Sofkm] , l8lh6n Doflk ;DaGwL pBf]u sf] cfodf nfUg] s/sf] krf; k|ltzt
5'6 x' g]5 .

25
-#3_ ljB' tsf] pTkfbg, k|;f/0f, ljt/0f ug]{ cg' dlt k| fKt JolQmn] ;Dat\
@)&% ;fn r} q dlxgf;Dd Jofkfl/s ?kdf hnljB'tsf] pTkfbg, pTkfbg / k|; f/0f,
pTkfbg / ljt/0f jf pTkfbg, k|;f/0f, ljt/0f z'? u/] sf] ldltn] klxnf] ;ft jif{ ;Dd
k'/} cfos/ 5'6 kfpg] 5 / To; kl5sf] tLg jif{ ;Dd krf; k|ltzt cfos/ 5'6
kfpg]5 . o:tf] ;'ljwf ;f}o{ , jfo' tyf h}ljs kbfy{af6 pTkfbg x' g] ljB'tn] ;d]t
kfpg]5 .
t/ of] pkbkmf k|f/De ePsf jvt Jofkfl/s pTkfbg k|f/De ul/;s] sf
cg' dlt k|fKt JolQmsf] xsdf cg' dltkq k|fKt ul/Psf jvtsf] Joj:yf sfod /xg]5 .
-#_ pTkfbgd'ns pBf]un] pTkfbg u/] sf] j:t' lgof{ t u/] df k| fKt cfodf
nfUg] s/sf] b/df kRrL; k|ltztn] 5' 6 x'g] 5 .
-#r_ ;8s, k' n, ljdfg:yn, ;'? dfu{ lgdf{0f / ;~rfng u/] df jf 6 fd,
6nLj;df nufgL u/L ;+rfng u/] df ;f]af6 k|fKt cfodf nfUg] s/sf] b/df rfnL;
k|ltztn] 5'6 x'g] 5 .
-#5_ lwtf] kq ahf/df ;"lrs[t ePsf pTkfbgd' ns, ko{ 6g ;]j f, hnljB't
pTkfbg, ljt/0f tyf 6fG;ld;g ug]{ / bkmf !! sf] pkbkmf -#u_ df pNn] v ePsf
lgsfox?nfO{ nfUg] s/df bz k|ltztn] 5' 6 x' g]5 .
-#h_clt cljsl;t If] qdf :yflkt kmnk" mndf cfwfl/t a| f08L, ;fO8/ Pjd\
jfOg pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]u nfO{ sf/f] af/ ;'? u/] sf] ldltn] bz jif{; Dd rfnL; k|ltzt
cfos/ 5'6 x' g]5 .
-#em_s' g} JolQmn] af}l4s ;DkQL lgof{ t jfkt k|fKt /f] oN6L cfodf nfUg] cfo
s/sf] b/df kRrL; k|ltztn] 5' 6 x'g] 5 .
-#`_s' g} JolQmn] jf}l4s ;DkQLsf] x:tfGt/0ff/f ljqmL u/L k| fKt u/] sf]
cfodf nfUg] cfos/sf] b/df krf; k|ltztn] 5'6 x' g]5 .

26
-$_ pkbkmf -!_, -@_, -#_ sf] v08 -s_, v08 -v_, pkbkmf -#s_, -#v_ / #u_, cg' ;"r L! sf] bkmf ! sf] pkbkmf -!#_, -!$_ / -!%_ / cg';"rL! sf] bkmf @ sf]
pkbkmf -@_, -#_, -#s_ / -$_ adf]lhdsf JolQmn] cfosf] u0fgf ubf{ cGo 5'} JolQmf/f
;f] cfo dfq k| fKt u/] ;/x dfgL ;f] cfosf] u0fgf ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-%_ Pp6} cfosf] ;DaGwdf o; bkmf adf]l hd PseGbf j9L 5' 6 kfpg
;Sg] cj:yf ePsf] JolQmn] cfkm" n] /f] h]sf] s'g} Pp6f 5' 6 dfq kfpg]5 .
-^_
pkbkmf -#_ df h'g ;'s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg ;f] pkbkmfsf] v08
-v_ adf]l hdsf] pBf] u ;~rfng ug{ k|of] u ePsf ;DklQx? ;flasdf cGo JolQmn]
;f]x L lsl;dsf] pBf] u ;~rfng ug{ k|o f] u u/]sf] eP ;f] pkbkmfsf] ;dosf]
;Ldfsf] u0fgf ubf{ To;/L k|of] u ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d] t u0fgf ug{' kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k| of] hgsf] nflu,

-s_
s[lif Joj;fo eGgfn] ;fj{ hlgs jf lghL hldgaf6

afnLgfnL pTkfbg ug]{ jf hldg k|of] u ug]{ df]xLaf6 s' t jf
afnL k| fKt ug]{ Joj;fo ;Dg' k5{ .
-v_
clt cljsl;t, cljsl;t / cNk ljsl;t If]q

eGgfn] cf} Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g , @)$( sf] cg' ;"rL# df
plNnlvt If]q ;Dg' k5{ .
-u_
ljz]if pBf] u eGgfn] r'/ f] 6, la+ 8L, l;uf/, vfg] ;"l t{, v} gL,
d' Vo sRrf kbfy{ ;"l t{ ePsf] ;f] xL k|s[l tsf cGo
pTkfbgx?, dlb/f, aLo/ tyf o:t} k| sf/sf j:t' pTkfbg
ug]{ pBf] u afx] s cf} Bf]l us Joj;fo P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf #
df juL{s /0f ul/Psf pTkfbgd" ns pBf] u ;Dg' k5{ .
-&_ pkbkmf -#s_ / -#u_ df h' g;'s} s' /f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;f]xL
pkbkmfxdf plNnlvt pBf]u jf Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ k|of]u ePsf ;DklQx
;fljsdf cGo JolQmn] ;f]xL lsl;dsf] jf cGo lsl;dsf] pBf]u jf Joj;fo ;~rfng
ug{ k|of]u u/] sf] k' /fgf] ;DklQx eP ;f] pkbkmfx adf]lhdsf] ;'ljwf k| fKt x' g] 5} g .

27
!!s= k"jf{w f/ ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfngdf nfUg] s/M

s/ k"jf{w f/ ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0 f tyf
;~rfng ug{ sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ / s' g} JolQmsf aLr s' g} ;Demf}t f ePdf ;f]
;Demf} tf ubf{sf jvt sfod ePsf] s/ ;DaGwL o; P] gn] Joj:yf u/] sf] s/sf
;'ljwfx To:tf] k"jf{ wf/ lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng ug]{ JolQmn] ;Demf}tf cjlwe/ To:tf]
s/;DaGwL ;'ljwf pkef]u ug{ kfpg] 5 .
!!v= /fli6o dxTjsf k"j f{wf/ ljsf; cfof]h gfxdf ;x'lnotM

not /fli6o dxTjsf hnljB't
cfof]hgf, cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn, e"ldutdfu{ tyf ;8sdfu{ , /]n dfu{ h:tf k"j f{wf/
ljsf; cfof] hgf tyf tLg ;o hgf eGbf a9L :jb] zL sfdbf/nfO{ /f]huf/L lbg] /
krf; k|ltzt eGbf a9L :jb]z L sRrf kbfy{ pkof]u ug]{ pTkfbgzLn pBf]u -r' /f] 6,
dlb/f / ljo/ pBf]u afx] s_ df ;Djt\ @)&% ;fn r}t d;fGt;Dd u/] sf] nufgLsf]
cfo;| f]t vf]lhg] 5}g .
!@=
s/ 5'6 kfPsf ;+:yfx?nfO{ lbOPsf] rGbf pkxf/ M-!_ s'g} JolQmn] s'g} cfo jif{ df
cfgf] s/of]Uo cfo u0fgf ubf{ o; bkmfsf] k| of] hgsf] nflu ljefuaf6 :jLs[lt
k| fKt s/ 5' 6 kfpg] ;+: yfnfO{ rGbf pkxf/ lbPsf] /sd 36fpg] bfaL ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h' g;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg ;f] pkbkmf
adf]l hd s'g} cfo jif{d f 36fpg kfpg] vr{ Ps nfv ?k}o fF jf ;f] JolQmsf] ;f]
jif{s f] ;dfof]lht s/of]U o cfosf] kfF r k|l tztdWo] h'g 36L x'G 5 ;f] eGbf a9L x'g]
5}g .
-#_
pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ df h' g ;'s} s' /f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg s'g} vf;
cj:yfdf g] kfn ;/sf/n] g] kfn /fhkqdf ;" rgf k|s fzg u/L tf] s]s f] s' g} sfo{sf]
nflu s'g} JolQmn] vr{ u/] sf] jf rGbf lbPsf] /sd ;f] JolQmsf] cfo lgwf{/ 0f ubf{
vr{ afkt k" 0f{ jf cf+l zs ?kdf sL ug{ kfpg] u/L tf]S g ;Sg] 5 .
!@s= ;Dkbf ;+/If0f / v]ns"bsf] ljsf;df u/]sf] vr{M s'g} sDkgLn] s'g} cfo jif{df
ljefusf] k" j{ :jLs[l t lnO{ g] kfnleq /x]sf k| frLg, wfld{ s tyf ;fF:s[l ts ;Dkbfsf]
;+ /If0f tyf ;Dj4{g ug]{ jf v] ns"b sf] ;fj{ hlgs ef}l ts k" j f{ wf/ lgdf{0 f ug]{

28
sfo{d f u/] s f] vr{ dWo] bz nfv ?k}+ o fF ;Ddsf] /sd jf lgwf{/0f of]U o cfosf] bz
k|ltztn] x'g] /sd dWo] h' g 36L x'G5 ;f] /sd cfgf] ;f] jif{sf] s/of] Uo cfo
u0fgf ubf{ 36fpg bfjL ug{ ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b%
sL x'g] /sdx?
!#=
;fdfGo sL M s'g} JolQmn] s'g} cfo jif{df s'g} Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 ePsf] cfo
u0fgf ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu o; P]gsf] cwLgdf /xL sf/f]af/;+u ;DalGwt b]xfosf
vr{x? sL ug{ kfpg]5 M
!$=
-s_
;f] cfojif{ df ePsf,
-v_
;f] JolQmaf6 ePsf, /
-u_
Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 cfo cfh{g x'g] sfo{df ePsf .
Aofh sL M -!_ s'g} JolQmn] s'g} cfo jif{ df Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 ePsf] cfosf]
u0fgf ug]{ k|of] hgsf] nflu ;f] JolQmsf] Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 cfo cfh{ g x'g]
sfo{sf nflu l;h{g f ePsf]] b]x fosf] C0f bfloTj cGtu{ t ;f] jif{ d f nfu] sf ;a}
Aofh sL ug{ kfpg]5 M
-s_
s'g} /sd C0f lnP afkt ;f] C0f bfloTj l;h{g f ePsf]df
;f] /sd ;f]x L jif{ k|of] u ul/Psf] jf ;f] jif{df k|o f] u ul/Psf
s'g} ;DklQ vl/b ug{ k|of] u ul/Psf] , jf
-v_
cGo s'g} cj:yfdf ;f] C0f bfloTj l;h{ gf x' g uPsf] .

-@_
=========================
pkbkmf -!_ df h'g ;'s} s'/f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg s/ 5' 6 kfpg]
;+ :yff/f lgolGqt afl;Gbf lgsfon] s' g} cfo jif{ df
lgoGq0f ug]{ JolQm jf
;Da4 JolQmnfO{ Jofh e'QmfgL u/] df pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd sL ug{ kfpg] To:tf]
Jofh /sd b]xfosf /sdxsf] hDdf eGbf a9L x' g]5}g M

29
-s_
;f] lgsfosf] s/of] Uo cfosf] u0fgfdf ;dfj]z ul/g] ;f]

jif{d f k| fKt u/]s f] ;a} Aofh /sd, /
-v_
;f] lgsfoaf6 k|fKt ul/Psf] s'g} Aofh ;dfj] z gu/L jf ;f]

lgsfoaf6 a' fOPsf] s'g} Aofh sL gu/L u0fgf ul/Psf]
;f] lgsfosf] ;f] jif{sf] ;dfof]l ht s/of] Uo cfosf] krf;
k|ltzt /sd .
-#_
pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd sL ug{ glbPsf] jf gul/Psf] s'g} AofhnfO{
cufdL cfo jif{ df lhDd]jf/L ;fg{ / vr{ ePsf] b] vfpg kfpg] 5 .

:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of] hgsf] nflu s'g} cfo jif{ sf] nflu s/ 5' 6 kfpg]
;+ :yff/f lgolGqt afl;Gbf lgsfo eGgfn] ;f] jif{ df afl;Gbf lgsfo eO{ ;f]
afl;Gbf lgsfodf ;f] jif{ s f] s' g} ;dodf b]x fosf JolQm jf ;+ :yfx?sf] kRrL;
k|ltzt jf ;f] eGbf a9L lglxt :jfldTj jf lgoGq0f /x] sf] lgsfo ;Dg' k5{ .
-s_
s/ 5'6 kfpg] ;+ :yf / ;f] ;+ u ;Da4 JolQm,
-v_
;f] jif{d f bkmf !! adf]l hd s/ 5' 6 kfpg] JolQm jf To:tf]

JolQm;+ u ;Da4 JolQm,
-u_
u}/ afl;Gbf JolQm jf u}/ afl;Gbf JolQm;+ u ;Da4 JolQm,

jf
-3_
v08 -s_, -v_ / -u_ df plNnlvt JolQmx?sf] s'g}

;+ of] hg .
!%=
Jofkf/ df}Hbftsf] nfutsf] vr{ sL M -!_ s'g} JolQmsf] s'g} cfo jif{ d f s'g}
Joj;foaf6 ePsf] cfo u0fgf ug]{ k|o f] hgsf nflu ;f] jif{df ;f] JolQmsf]
Joj;fosf] Jofkf/ df} Hbftsf] lg;u{ s f ;DaGwdf pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd u0fgf
ul/Psf] nfutsf] vr{ sL -PnfpG;_ afx] s cGo s'g} klg vr{ sL ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] nfutsf] vr{ sLsf] u0fgf b]xfo adf]l hd
v08 -s_ sf] /sdaf6 v08 -v_ sf] /sd 36fO{ ug{' kg]{5 M
30
-s_
s'g} cfo jif{ d f s'g} Joj;fosf] Jofkf/ df}Hbftsf] z' ?

d"Nodf ;f] jif{ df ;f] Joj;foaf6 k|fKt ul/Psf] Jofkf/
df} Hbftsf] nfut hf] 8L x'g] /sd,
-v_
v08 -s_ adf]l hdsf] cfo jif{d f s'g} Joj;fosf] Jofkf/

df} Hbftsf] clGtd d"Nosf] /sd .
-#_
s'g} cfo jif{ d f s'g} Joj;fosf] Jofkf/ df}Hbftsf] z' ? d"No ut
cfo jif{sf] cGTosf] ;f] Joj;fosf] Jofkf/ df}Hbftsf] clGtd d" No x'g] 5 .
-$_ b]xfodf plNnlvt /sd dWo] h'g 36L x'G 5 To;nfO{ ;f] cfo jif{sf]
Joj;fosf] Jofkf/ df}Hbftsf] clGtd d"No dfGg' kg]{5 M
-s_
;f] cfo jif{sf] cGTosf] Joj;fosf] Jofkf/ df}H bftsf] nfut,

jf
-v_
;f] cfo jif{ sf] cGTosf] Joj;fosf] Jofkf/ df}Hbftsf] ahf/

d"No .
-%_
s'g} JolQmn] Joj;fosf] Jofkf/ df}H bftsf] nfutsf] u0fgf ubf{ bkmf
$% / pkbkmf -^_ sf] cwLgdf /xL b] xfo adf]l hd ug{' kg]{ 5 M

-s_
Joj;fosf] cfo u0fgf ubf{ gub cfwf/df n] vf /fVg]

AolQmsf] xsdf k/n nfut jf vkt nfutsf] tl/sf k|o f] u
u/]/ , /
-v_
Joj;fosf] cfo u0fgf ubf{ Pqm'cn cfwf/df n] vf /fVg]

JolQmsf] xsdf vkt nfutsf] tl/sf k| of] u u/]/ .
-^_ s'g} JolQmsf] Joj;fosf] Jofkf/ df}Hbft osLg ug{ g;lsg] ePdf
;f] JolQmn] klxnf] k| flKt klxnf] lg:sfzg tl/sf jf efl/t cf} ;t nfut tl/sfaf6
Jofkf/ df} Hbftsf] nfut u0fgf ug{ 5gf}6 ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-&_
pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd Jofkf/ df}Hbftsf] nfut u0fgf ubf{ b]xfosf]
tl/sfn] u0fgf ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .

31
-s_
vkt nfut tl/sf adf]l hd u0fgf ubf{ n] vfsf] ;j{ dfGo

l;fGt cGtu{ t k|ToIf ;fdu| L nfut, k| ToIf >d nfut /
sf/vfgfsf] lz/f] ef/ nfutsf] of] u a/fa/ x'g] u/L Jofkf/
df} Hbftsf] nfut u0fgf ug]{ .
-v_
k/n nfut tl/sf adf]l hd u0fgf ubf{ n] vfsf] ;j{ dfGo

l;fGt cGtu{ t k|ToIf ;fdu| L nfut, k| ToIf >d nfut /
sf/vfgfsf] kl/jt{ gzLn lz/f] e f/ nfutsf] of] u a/fa/ x'g]
u/L Jofkf/ df}H bftsf] nfut u0fgf ug{] .
-*_
pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd Jofkf/ df}Hbftsf] nfut u0fgf ubf{ b]xfosf]
tl/sfn] u0fgf ug'{ kg]{ 5 M

-s_
efl/t cf} ;t nfut tl/sf adf]l hd u0fgf ubf{ n] vfsf]

;j{ d fGo l;4fGt cGtu{ t Joj;fodf /x]sf pxL lsl;dsf
;a} Jofkf/ df}H bftsf] efl/t cf} ;t nfutsf] cfwf/df u0fgf
ug]{ .
-v_
klxnf] k| flKt klxnf] lgisfzg tl/sf adf]l hd u0fgf ubf{

n] vfsf] ;j{d fGo l;fGt cGtu{ t klxn] k|fKt ePsf] Jofkf/
df} Hbft klxn] g} lg;u{ x'G 5 eGg] cfwf/df u0fgf ug]{ .
:ki6Ls/0f
-s_ k|ToIf >d nfut eGgfn] Jofkf/ df}Hbftsf] pTkfbg;+ u k| ToIf
?kdf ;DalGwt >d nfut ;Dg' k5{ .
-v_ k| ToIf ;fdu| L nfut eGgfn] Jofkf/ df}Hbftsf] cleGg csf]
?kdf ePsf] jf x'g] ;fdu| Lsf] nfut ;Dg' k5{ .
-u_ sf/vfgfsf] lz/f] ef/ nfut eGgfn] k|ToIf >d / k| ToIf
;fdu| L nfut afx]s Jofkf/ df}Hbftsf] pTkfbg ug{ nfu] sf] s" n
nfut ;Dg' k5{ .
t/ sf/vfgfsf] lz/f] ef/ nfutdf dd{ t tyf ;' wf/ / x| f; sL
jfktsf] s' g} /sd ;dfj] z x'g] 5} g .
32
-3_ kl/jt{ gzLn sf/vfgf lz/f]e f/ nfut eGgfn] Jofkf/

df} Hbftsf] pTkflbt kl/df0fsf] kl/jt{g;+ u} k|ToIf ?kdf
kl/jt{g x' g] sf/vfgf lz/f]ef/ nfut ;Dg' k5{ .
t/ kl/jt{g zLn sf/vfgf lz/f] ef/ nfutdf dd{ t tyf
;' wf/ / x|f; sL jfktsf] s' g} /sd ;dfj] z x'g] 5} g .
!^=
dd{t tyf ;'wf/ vr{ M -!_
s'g} JolQmn] s' g} cfo jif{ d f s' g} Joj;fo jf
nufgLsf] cfo u0fgf ubf{ ;f] Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 cfo cfh{g ug{ ;f] jif{ df
:jfldTj ePsf] / k|of] u ul/Psf] x|f;of]Uo ;DklQsf] dd{ t jf ;' wf/ ubf{ ePsf] ;a}
vr{x ? sL ug{ kfpg] 5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h' g;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg ;f] pkbkmf
adf]l hd ug{ kfpg] vr{ sL ubf{ ;f] cfo jif{sf] cGTodf /x] sf] ;DklQsf] ;d"xsf]
x|f; cfwf/ /sdsf] ;ft k|l tzteGbf a9L x' g] 5} g . t/ xjfO{ oftfoft ;]jf
pknAw u/fpg] JolQmn] g] kfn gful/s p8\ 8og k|flws/0fn] lgwf{ /0f u/] s f] dfkb08
adf]l hd xjfO{ hxfhsf] k"0 f{ k/LIf0f ubf{ nfu] s f] dd{ t ;Def/ vr{ df of] ;Ldf nfu"
x'g] 5}g .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hdsf] ;Ldfsf] kl/0ffd :j?k sL ug{ gkfOg]
dd{ t tyf ;' wf/ jfkt s' g} clws vr{ jf ;f] sf] efu cfufdL cfojif{sf] z' ?df
;DalGwt ;DklQsf] ;d"xsf] x| f; cfwf/ /sddf hf] 8\g kfpg] 5 .
!&=
k|b"if0f lgoGq0f vr{ M -!_
s'g} JolQmn] s'g} cfo jif{ df s'g} Joj;foaf6 ePsf]]
cfo u0fgf ug]{ k| of] hgsf] nflu ;f] jif{ d f ;f] Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{ sfo{ df vr{
u/] s f] xb ;Ddsf] k|b"if0f lgoGq0f vr{ sL ug{ kfpg] 5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g ;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg s'g} cfo jif{ df ;f]
pkbkmf adf]l hd sf ug{ kfpg] vr{s f] ;Ldf u0fgf ubf{ ;f] JolQmaf6 ;~rflnt
;a} Joj;fosf] ;dfof]l ht s/of]U o cfosf] krf; k|l tzteGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .

33
-#_
pkbkmf -@_ df plNnlvt ;LdfeGbf a9L sL ug{ gkfOg] clws
vr{ jf ;f]sf] efunfO{
cfufdL cfojif{ sf] z' ?df k"F hLs/0f u/L cg' ;"rL@
adf]l hd x| f; sL ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|o f] hgsf] nflu k|b"i f0f lgoGq0f vr{ eGgfn]
k|b"i f0f lgoGq0f ug]{ jf cGo ?kdf jftfj/0f ;+ /If0f ug]{ jf hf] ufO{ /fVg] p4] Zosf]
nflu s' g} k|l qmof;+ u ;DalGwt s'g} JolQmaf6 ul/Psf] vr{ ;Dg' k5{ .
!*=
cg';Gwfg / ljsf; vr{ M -!_ s'g} JolQmn] s'g} cfo jif{ df s' g} Joj;foaf6 ePsf]
cfo u0fgf ug]{ k| of] hgsf] nflu ;f] jif{ d f ;f] Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{ sfo{ df vr{
u/] s f] xb ;Ddsf] cg' ;Gwfg / ljsf; vr{ sL ug{ kfpg] 5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h' g;' s} s' / f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s' g} cfo jif{ df ;f]
pkbkmf adf] lhd sf ug{ kfpg] vr{ sf] ;Ldf u0fgf ubf{ ;f] JolQmaf6 ;~rflnt ;a}
Joj;fosf] ;dfof]lht s/of] Uo cfosf] krf; k|ltzteGbf a9L x' g] 5} g .
-#_
pkbkmf -@_ df plNnlvt ;LdfeGbf a9L sL ug{ gkfOg] s'g}
clws vr{ jf ;f]sf] s'g} efunfO{
cfufdL cfojif{sf] z' ? df k"F hLs/0f u/L
cg' ;"rL@ adf]l hd x| f; sL ug{ ;Sg]5 .

:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|o f] hgsf] nflu cg' ;Gwfg / ljsf; vr{
eGgfn] s'g} JolQmaf6 lghsf] Joj;fosf] ljsf; ug]{ / Jofkfl/s pTkfbg jf
k|lqmofsf] ;' wf/ ug]{ p2] Zoaf6 ul/Psf] vr{ ;Dg' k5{ .
t/ o:tf] vr{ d f cg' ;" rL@ sf] bkmf ! sf] pkbkmf -#_ df plNnlvt s' g}
klg ;DklQ k| fKt ubf{ sf] nfut ;dfj]z x'g] 5}g .
!(=
x|f;sL vr{ M -!_
s'g} JolQmn] s'g} cfo jif{ df s' g} Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6
ePsf] cfo u0fgf ug]{ k| of] hgsf] nflu ;f] Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 ;f] JolQmsf] cfo
cfh{ g ug{ ;f] jif{ df cfgf] :jfldTjdf /xL k|of] u u/]s f] x| f;of]Uo ;DklQsf] x| f;
eP afkt cg' ;"rL@ adf]l hd x| f; vr{ sL ug'{ kg]{ 5 .

34
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg s'g} lgsfon]]
;fj{ hlgs k' j f{ wf/ ;+/ rgfsf] lgdf{ 0f tyf ;~rfng u/L g] kfn ;/sf/nfO{
x:tfGt/0f ug]{ cfof] hgfx? / laB't u[x lgdf{ 0 f, pTkfbg / k| ;f/0f ug]{
cfof] hgfx?df h8fg ePsf ;+oGqx?, pks/0fx?, / cGo d]lzg/Lx?sf] x|f; sL
;DaGwdf lgDg cg' ;f/ x' g]5 .
-s_
;flasdf h8fg eO{ /x]s f ;+oGqx?, pks/0fx? / cGo

d]lzg/Lx? k"/fgf] jf hL0f{ eO{ sfd gnfUg] x'g uO{ ;f]sf]
;6[ f gofF ;+ oGqx?, pks/0fx? / cGo d]l zg/Lx? h8fg ug'{
kg]{ ePdf o;/L h8fg u/] sf] cfo jif{d f ;flasdf h8fg
ePsf k"/fgf] jf lh0f{ eO{ sfd gnfUg] ;DklQsf] nfutaf6
;f] cfojif{ ;Ddsf] x| f; sL 36fpF bf afF s L x'g] d"No vr{sf]
?kdf sL ug{ kfpg]5 .
-v_
v08 -s_ adf]l hd km]l /Psf k'/ fgf ;DklQ afx] ssf cGo
;DklQx?sf ;DaGwdf ;f] lgsfon] To:tf cfof] hgf g] kfn
;/sf/nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ ;dodf ;f] ;DklQsf] nfutaf6
x:tfGt/0f x' g] cfojif{ ;Ddsf] x|f; sL 36fpFbf d" No afFsL
/xg cfPdf To:tf]] afFsL d"N o vr{sf] ?kdf sL ug{
kfpg]5 .
@)=
Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 gf]S;fgL M -!_s'g} JolQmn] s' g} cfo jif{d f Joj;fo jf

nufgLaf6 ePsf]] cfo u0fgf ug]{ k|o f] hgsf] nflu b] xfo adf]lhdsf] gf]S ;fgL sL
ug{ kfpg]5 M
-s_
;f] JolQmn] cGo s' g} Joj;foaf6 Joxf]g'{ k/] sf] ;f] jif{sf]
s'g} sL x'g gkfPsf] gf]S;fgL, /
-v_ ;f] JolQmn] s'g} Joj;foaf6 Joxf] g'{ k/]s f] ljut ;ft cfo
jif{ xsf] sL x' g gkfPsf] gf] S;fgL .

35
t/ ;fj{ hlgs k"jf{ wf/ ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng u/L g]k fn
;/sf/nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ cfof]h gfx, ljB't u[x lgdf{0f,
pTkfbg / k|zf/0f ug]{ cfof] hgfx / g] kfn k]6 f]lnod P] g,
@)$) adf]lhd k]6 f]lnod sfo{ ug]{ lgsfosf] xsdf ljut afx
jif{ sf] sL x'g gkfPsf] gf] S;fgL .
-@_
-#_
pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ sf] clwgdf /xL ;f] pkbkmfx?sf] k|of] hgsf nflu
=================
s'g} JolQmn] ljb]zL ;| f]tsf ;DaGwdf Joxf]g'{ k/]s f] sL x'g gkfPsf]] gf]S;fgL ;f]
JolQmsf] ljb]zL ;| f]taf6 ePsf] cfosf] u0fgf ubf{ dfq sL ug{ kfpg] 5 / s'g} s/
gnfUg] cfo k| fKt ubf{ ePsf] sL x'g gkfPsf] gf]S ;fgL ;f] JolQmsf] s/ gnfUg]
cfosf] u0fgf ubf{ dfq sL ug{ kfpg] 5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ sf] clwgdf /xL s'g} JolQmsf] Joj;fosf]
cGt/f{li6o :t/df k|lt:kwf{ u/L k| fKt u/] sf] bL3{sfnLg s/f/ k"/f ePsf] jf cGo
s'g} ?kdf lg;u{ ul/Psf] cfo jif{ df ;f] JolQmn] gf]S ;fgL Joxf]g'{ k/] df jf pkbkmf
-!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]l hd lhDd] j f/L ;f/L cfufdL jif{ d f Nofpg kfpg] s'g} sL
x'g gkfPsf] gf]S ;fgL] bL3{ s fnLg s/f/;+ u ;DalGwt ePdf ljefun] lnlvt ;" rgf
lbP/ ;f] gf] S ;fgL b]x fo adf]lhd ug{ cg' dlt lbg ;Sg] 5 M
-s_
ljutsf] cfo jif{ jf jif{x?df k5fl8 ;f/L n} hfg kfpg] , /
-v_
;f] jif{ jf jif{x?df ;f] bL3{ sfnLg s/f/;+ u ;DalGwt

Joj;fosf] cfosf] u0fgf ubf{ cfotkm{ ;dfj]z x'g] /sdx?
vr{ tkm{ ;dfj]z x'g] /sdx? eGbf a9L eP hltsf] xb;Dd
dfq sL x'g gkfPsf] gf]S;fgL dfGg kfpg] .
-%_
s'g} JolQmn] s' g} cfo jif{ df Joxf] g'{ k/] sf] b] xfosf] gf] S;fgL ;f]
JolQmsf] bL3{s fnLg s/f/ jf s/f/x?;+ u ;DalGwt /x] sf] dfgL afF 8kmfF 8 ug'{
kg]{ 5 M
-s_
Joj;fo;+ u ;DalGwt bL3{ sfnLg s/f/ jf s/f/x?af6

ePsf] gf]S;fgL, /

36
-v_
To:tf k| To] s s/f/sf nflu ;f] s/f/;+ u ;DalGwt jif{df ;f]

Joj;foaf6 ePsf] cfo u0fgf ubf{ sL ul/g] vr{ x? ;f]
s/f/;+ u ;DalGwt ;dfj] z ul/g] /sdeGbf a9L ePsf]
gf]S ;fgL .
-^_
s'g} JolQmn] s'g} cfo jif{ df PseGbf a9L Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6
ePsf] cfo u0fgf ubf{ ;f] JolQmn] sL x' g gkfPsf] gf]S;fgL PseGbf a9L Joj;fo
jf nufgLaf6 sL ug{ kfpg] ePdf ;f] JolQmn] ;f] gf]S ;fgL jf gf]S;fgLsf] c+z
sL ug{] Joj;fo jf nufgLsf] k|fyldstf cfkm} lgwf{ /0f ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
-&_
s'g} JolQmn] s' g} cfo jif{df s' g} Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 Joxf]g'{
k/] s f] gf]S;fgLsf] u0fgf ubf{ o; bkmfsf] k|of] u gu/L ;f] JolQmsf] Joj;fo jf
nufgLaf6 ePsf] cfo u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj]z ul/g] /sdx? eGbf sL ul/g] /sdx?
a9L eP o;/L a9L eP hltsf] /sdsf] u0fgf ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|o f] hgsf] nflu sL x' g gkfPsf] gf] S ;fgL

eGgfn] pkbkmf -!_, -@_ jf -$_ adf]l hd s'g} JolQmsf] cfo u0fgf ubf{ sL
gul/Psf] xb;Ddsf] gf] S ;fgL ;Dg' k5{ .
-*_ s'g} JolQmn] s'g} cfo jif{ d f Joj;fo jf nufgLsf] cfodf k" 0f{ s/
5'6 k| fKt u/]sf] eP To:tf] cfo jif{ d f ePsf] gf]S;fgL cfufdL cfo jif{ df ;f/L
n} hfg -Sof/L km/jf8{_ kfpg] 5}g .
@!=
sL ug{ gkfpg]
gkfpg] vr{
vr M -!_ o; P]g df cGoq h'g ;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg s'g}
JolQmnfO{ s'g} cfo jif{ df s'g} Joj;fo, /f] huf/L jf nufgLaf6 ePsf] cfo u0fgf
ug]{ k|of] hgsf] nflu b]x fosf] vr{ jf /sd sL ug{ kfOg] 5}g M
-s_
3/] n' jf JolQmut k|s[l tsf vr{ ,
-v_
o; P]g adf]l hd a'fpg' kg]{ s/ / s' g} b]zsf] ;/sf/ tyf

;f] sf] s' g} klg :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ s'g} sfg"g jf ;f] sfg"g
cGtu{t ag] sf] s' g} lgod, ljlgodsf] pNn+ 3g u/] afkt
a'fOPsf] hl/jfgf / o:t} cGo z'Ns,

37
-u_
bkmf !) adf]l hd 5'6 kfpg] /sdx? k| fKt ug{ s'g}

JolQmaf6 vr{ ul/Psf] xb;Ddsf jf clGtd ?kdf s/ sL
ul/Psf /sdx? k| fKt ug{ ul/Psf vr{ x?,
-3_
pkbkmf -@_ df n]l vPsf] e'QmfgL afktsf] vr{ ,
-_
s'g} lgsfoaf6 ul/Psf] d'g fkmfsf] ljt/0f, jf
-r_
o; kl/R5]b jf kl/R5] b ^, &, !), !!, !@ jf !# adf]l hd

k|bfg ul/Psf afx] s v08 -s_, -v_, -u_, -3_ / -_ df vr{
sL ug{ gkfpg] egL gelgPsf] eP tfklg o:tf cGo s'g}
/sdx? .
-@_
s'g} cfo jif{ d f aL; nfv ?k} ofFF e Gbf a9Lsf] jflif{ s sf/f]a f/ ug]{
JolQmn] b]x fosf cj:yfdf afx] s ;f] cfo jif{d f Ps k6sdf krf; xhf/
?k}o fFF eGbf a9Lsf] gub e' QmfgL u/]df ;f] sL ug{ kfpg] 5}g M
-s_
g]kfn ;/sf/, ;+ j} wflgs lgsfo, g] kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj

ePsf] ;+ :yfg jf a}+s jf ljQLo ;+ : yfnfO{ ul/Psf] e' QmfgL,
-v_
k| fylds s[lif k}bfjf/ pTkfbg ug]{ s[ifs jf pTkfbsnfO{

e' QmfgL ubf{ / To:tf] k} bfjf/sf] k| fylds k|z f] wg eO;s]sf]
eP klg s[i fs cfkm} n] k|z f] wg u/L e'QmfgL kfPsf] eP ;f]
/sd,
-u_
cjsfz of] ubfg jf cjsfz e' QmfgL afktsf] e' QmfgL],
-3_
a}ls ;] jfx? pknAw gePsf] :yfgdf ul/Psf] e' QmfgL,
-_
a}ls ;]jf aGb ePsf] lbgdf ul/Psf] e' QmfgL jf gubdf g}

ug'{ kg]{ s'g} ckl/xfo{ afWotf ePsf] e' QmfgL, jf
-r_
e' QmfgL kfpg] JolQmsf] a}+s vftfdf hDdf ul/Psf] /sd .
-#_ bkmf !$, !%, !^, !&, !*, !(, @) / &! sf Joj:yfx?sf] cwLgdf
/xL k"FhLut k| s[l tsf] vr{ jf ljb] zL cfos/ afkt s'g} klg /sd sL ug{ kfOg]
5}g .

38
-s_
3/] n' jf JolQmut k| s[ltsf vr{ eGgfn] b]xfosf vr{x?

;Dg' k5{ M
-!_
s'g}
k| fs[l ts JolQmsf]
lghL] vr{ x?, C0f lnPsf]df
JolQmut k|of] u ePsf] xb;Ddsf] C0f afktsf] Aofh ;d] t

b]xfosf vr{ x? M
-s_ af;:yfg, vfgf, vfhf, dgf]/ ~hg jf cfdf]bk| df]bsf cGo
lqmofsnfkx? pknAw u/fpg] ;d] tsf k| fs[lts JolQmsf]
nflu ePsf vr{ ,
-v_ Joj;fo jf nufgLsf] l;nl;nfdf cfjt hfjt ug]{ afx]s
k| fs[l ts JolQmn] 3/af6 Joj;fo jf nufgL ;~rfng
ul/g] :yfgdf cfjthfjt u/] afktsf] vr{,
-u_ sfd ubf{sf] ;doafx]s cGo ;dodf nufpg pko'Qm
gePsf n' uf afx]s k| fs[l ts JolQmsf nflu n' ufsf] vl/b
ug{ ePsf] vr{, /
-3_ lzIff jf tflndsf] nflu ul/Psf] vr{ .
t/ s'g} l8u| L jf l8Knf] d f xfl;n gx'g] lsl;dsf
Joj;fo jf nufgL;+ u k| ToIf ?kn] ;DalGwt lzIffsf]
nflu dfq ul/Psf] vr{ sL ug{ kfOg] 5 .
-@_
b]xfosf cj:yfx? tyf ;f]sf] xb;Dd afx] s s'g} JolQmn] s'g}

k| fs[l ts JolQmnfO{ e'QmfgL u/] sf] ;DaGwdf nfu] sf vr{x ? /
t];|f] JolQmsf] nflu ul/Psf] vr{x ? M
-s_ k| fs[l ts JolQmsf] cfosf] u0fgf ubf{ ;f] e' QmfgLnfO{
;dfj]z ul/Psf] ePdf,
-v_ k| fs[l ts JolQmn] cfkm" n] kfPsf] e'QmfgLsf] ahf/ d"No
a/fa/sf] ;f] JolQmnfO{ k|ltkmn:j?k lkmtf{ e'QmfgL u/] sf]
ePdf,
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .

39
-u_ lx;fa /fVg sl7g x'g] jf k| zf;lgs ?kn] cJofjxfl/s

x'g] tf]l sP adf]l hdsf ;fgfltgf /sdsf] e' QmfgL ePdf .
-v_ a}ls ;] jf pknAw :yfg eGgfn] s'g} :yfg ljz]i fsf]]
bz lsnf]l d6/ If] q leq a}ls ;] j f pknAw ePsf] df ;f]
:yfgnfO{ a}l s ;] jf pknAw :yfg ;Dg' k5{ .
-u_ gub e' QmfgL eGgfn] a}+ s jf ljlQo ;+: yf dfkm{ t
k|l ttkq, r] s, 8 f6, wgfb]z, 6]lnu|flkms 6 fG;km/, dgL
6 fG;km/ -x'0 8L_ 4f/f ul/Psf] e' QmfgL / a} jf ljQLo
;+ : yfaLr cGo s'g} lsl;daf6 ul/Psf] :yfgfGt/0f
afx]s sf e'QmfgL ;Dg' k5{ .
-3_ k"Fl hut k|s[l tsf] vr{ eGgfn] b] xfo adf]l hdsf vr{
;Dg' k5{ M
-!_
k| fs[l ts ;| f]tsf] ;DefJotf cWoog, cGj]if0f /

ljsf;sf ;DaGwdf nfu] s f]] vr{ ,
-@_
afx| dlxgfeGbf a9L nfek|b cfo' ePsf] s' g} ;DklQ

k| fKt ubf{ nfu]s f] vr{, jf
-#_
bfloTjsf] lg;u{ ubf{ nfu] s f] vr{ .
kl/R5]b^
s/ n]vf+sg / ;do
@@=
s/ n]vf+sg ug]{ tl/sf M -!_ s'g} JolQmn] slxn] s' g} cfo k| fKt u5{ jf s'g} vr{
u5{ eGg] s'/ fsf] lgwf{/ 0f o; P]gsf] cwLgdf /xL n] vfsf] ;j{ dfGo l;4fGt cg'?k
x'g]5 .
-@_
k| fs[l ts JolQmn] lghsf] /f] huf/L tyf nufgLaf6 k| fKt x'g] cfosf]
u0fgf ubf{ s/ k|of] hgsf] nflu gub cfwf/df n] vf+sg ug'{' kg]{5 .
-#_
sDkgLn] s/ k| of] hgsf] nflu Pqm' o n cfwf/df n] vf+s g ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-$_ ljefun]] lnlvt ;" rgf hf/L u/L cGoyf tf]s] sf]d f afx] s s'g}
JolQmn] cfos/ k|o f] hgsf nflu pkbkmf -!_, -@_ / -#_ sf] cwLgdf /xL gub jf
Pqm'o n cfwf/df n] vf+ sg ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
40
-%_
s'g} JolQmn] s/ k|o f] hgsf] nflu pkbkmf -@_ / -#_ sf] clwgdf /xL
s/ n] vf+ sg ug]{ tl/sfdf kl/jt{ g ug{ lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] JolQmsf]
cfDbfgL :ki6 b] vfpg n] vf+ sg /fVg] tl/sfdf kl/jt{ g ug{ cfjZos 5 eGg]
ljefunfO{ nfu] df ljefun] n] vf+sg ug]{ tl/sfdf kl/jt{g ug]{ :jLs[lt lbg
;Sg]5 .
-^_
s/ k|o f] hgsf] nflu s'g} JolQmsf] n] vf+sg tl/sf pkbkmf -%_
adf]l hd kl/jt{g ePdf To:tf] kl/jt{g ePsf] cfo jif{d f ;f] JolQmsf] cfo u0fgf
ubf{ ;dfj]z ePsf], sf ePsf] jf ;dfj]z x' g] jf sf x'g] /sdx?df s' g} /sd
g5' 6g] u/L jf bf]xf]/ f] gkg]{ u/L ;dfof] hg ug{' kg]{5 .
@#=
gub cfwf/sf] n]vf+sg M s'g} JolQmn] s/ k|o f] hgsf] nflu o; P] gsf] cwLgdf /xL
/f] huf/L, Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 ePsf] cfgf] cfosf] u0fgfsf] n] vf+sg gub
cfwf/df ubf{ b]x fo adf]l hd ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_
lghn] e' QmfgL k| fKt ubf{ jf lghnfO{ ;f] e' QmfgL pknAw x'Fb fsf cj:yfdf
dfq lghsf] cfosf] u0fgfdf /sd k| fKt u/] sf] dfgL ;dfj] z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-v_
@$=
lghn] e' QmfgL u/] kl5 dfq ;f] u0fgfdf vr{ afkt sL ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
Pqm'on cfwf/sf] n]vf+sg M -!_ s'g} JolQmn] s/ k|o f] hgsf] nflu o; P]g sf]
cwLgdf /xL Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 ePsf] cfgf] cfosf] u0fgfsf] n] vf+ sg Pqm'on
cfwf/df ubf{ e' QmfgL k| fKt ug]{ clwsf/ l;h{g f x'gf;fy To:tf] e' QmfgL k|fKt u/] sf]
dfgL lghsf] cfosf] u0fgfdf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ df pNn] v eP adf]lhd s' g} JolQmsf] cfo u0fgf ubf{
sL ug]{ k|o f] hgsf] nflu b]x fosf vr{x ? Joxf] /]sf] dflgg]5 M
-s_
s'g} csf]{ JolQmaf6 ePsf] e' QmfgLsf] ;6[ fdf To:tf] vr{
;dfj]z ePsf] s'g} e' QmfgL ul/Psf] ePdf b]x fosf] cj:yfdf
vr{ Joxf]/]s f] dflgg]5 M
-!_
;f]] JolQmdf ;f] e' QmfgL ug]{ bfloTj /x]sf] df,
-@_
To:tf] bfloTjsf] d"No oyfy{ k/s 9n] cg'd fg ug{ ;lsg]

ePsf] d f, /
41
-#_
-v_
csf]{ JolQmaf6 e' QmfgL k| fKt ePsf] df, jf

v08 -s_ df plNnlvt cj:yf afx] s cGo ;a} cj:yfdf
e' QmfgL ul/Psf] ;dodf vr{ Joxf]/] sf] dflgg] 5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g ;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg a}+ls Joj;fosf
;DaGwdf g] kfn /fi6 a}+s P] g, @)%* tyf a}+ls ;DaGwL k| rlnt sfg"gsf
cwLgdf /xL g] kfn /fi6 a}+s n] tf] s]sf] n] vfgnfO{ ljefun] dfGotf lbg ;Sg] 5 .
-$_ Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 ePsf] s'g} JolQmsf] cfo Pqm'o n cfwf/df
u0fgf ubf{ ;f] JolQmn] cfk"mn] kfpg' kg]{ s' g} e' QmfgL ;dfj]z u/] s f]df jf cfk"mn]
Joxf]g'{ kg]{ s' g} e' QmfgL sf u/]s f] df ;6xL b/sf] km/ssf] sf/0f ;d] tn] ubf{ ;f]
JolQmn] e' QmfgL kfpF bf jf e' QmfgL lb+ bf km/s kg{ uPdf km/s /sdnfO{ e'QmfgL
k| fKt x'Fb f jf lb+b f ;dfof]hg ug'{kg]{ 5 .
@%=
8'j]s f] C0f nufotsf /sdx?sf] l/e;{

l/e; M -!_ s'g} JolQmn] s'g} /f] huf/L, Joj;fo
jf nufgLaf6 k| fKt u/] sf] cfosf] u0fgfdf k|fKt u/] sf] /sd / Joxf]/]sf vr{ sf]
n] vf /fVbf b]x fosf] s'g} cj:yfdf ;f] JolQmn] ;f] w egf{, c;" npk/, bfjL Tofu,
ckn] vg, jf ldGxf ul/Psf] ;dodf pko' Qm ;dfof] hg ug{' kg]{ 5 .
-s_
kl5 uP/ ;f] JolQmn] cj:yf cg' ;f/ ;f] /sd lkmtf{{ u/]df
jf vr{ c;" npk/ u/] d f,
-v_
k| fKt ul/Psf] /sdsf] n] vf Pqm'on cfwf/df /flvPsf] df kl5

uP/ ;f] JolQmn] ;f] /sd k|fKt ug]{ cfkmgf] clwsf/ 5fl8
lbPdf jf ;f] /sd ;f] JolQmsf] C0f bfjL ePsf] cj:yfdf
lghn] ;f] C0fnfO{ 8'j]s f] C0f dfgL ckn] vg u/] df, jf
-u_
vr{ ul/Psf] /sdsf] n] vf Pqm'on cfwf/df /flvPsf] d f kl5

uP/ ;f] JolQmn] To:tf] vr{ ug]{ bfloTj 5fl8lbPdf jf ;f]
vr{ C0f bfjL ePsf] cj:yfdf h' g JolQmnfO{ ;f] C0f ltg'{
kg]{ xf] ;f] JolQmn] C0f ldGxf lbPdf .

cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]lwt .
42
-@_ s'g} JolQmn] b]xfosf cj:yfdf dfq s'g} /sd k| fKt ug]{ clwsf/ Tofu
ug{ jf ;f] JolQmsf] C0f bfjLnfO{ 8' j]s f] C0fsf] ?kdf ckn] vg ug{ kfpg] 5 M
-s_
s'g} ljQLo ;+: yf jf a} sf] C0f bfjLsf xsdf ;f] C0f bfjL
tf]lsPsf] dfkb08x? cg';f/ 8' j]s f] C0fdf kl/0ft ePdf, /
-v_
v08 -s_ df plNnlvt cj:yfdf afx] s cGo cj:yfdf

e' QmfgL k| fKt ug{ ;f] JolQmn] ;a} pko'Qm pkfox?
ckgfPkl5 ;f] JolQm ;f] clwsf/ jf C0f bfjL c;' npk/
x'g g;Sg] s'/fdf dgfl;j ?kdf ljZj:t ePdf .
@^=
bL3{sfnLg s/f/ cGtu{t ;dfj]z / sL x'g] /sdx?df cf};t lgsfNg] tl/sf M -!_
s'g} JolQmnfO{ s' g} cfo jif{ d f s'g} /f] huf/L, Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 ePsf] cfo
u0fgf ug]{ k| of] hgsf] nflu ;f] JolQmsf] bL3{ sfnLg s/f/ cGtu{ t s/f/sf] ;DkGg
k|ltzt cg' ;f/ qmda4 a[l 4sf] of] u cg' ;f/ ;dfj]z x'g] / qmda4 a[l4sf] of] u
cg' ;f/ sL ul/g] cg'd flgt /sd, k| fKt ul/Psf] jf vr{ ul/Psf] dflgg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k| of] hgsf] nflu bL3{s fnLg s/f/ eGgfn] b]x fo
adf]l hdsf] cj:yfsf] s/f/ ;Dg' k5{ M
-s_
;f] s/f/sf] axfnL cjlw afx| dlxgfeGbf a9L ePsf]], /
-v_
;f] s/f/ pTkfbg, h8fg jf lgdf{ 0 fsf nflu jf To:tf] k|To]s

sfdsf ;DaGwdf ;Da4 ;] j fsf] ;Dkfbgsf nflu ul/Psf] jf
;dfj]z gePsf] s/f/ afx] s sf] k|l tkmn ljnlDat x'g]
s/f/ .
-@_
k|ltkmn ljnlDat x'g] s/f/, qmda4 a[l 4sf] of] u cg' ;f/ ;dfj]z
x'g], qmda4 a[l4sf] of] u cg' ;f/ sf ul/g], ;dfj] z gePsf] s/f/ -PS:Ns' 8]8
sG6 fS6_ / ;DkGg k|ltztsf] s/f/ tf]l sP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b&
/sdx?sf] kl/df0fLs/0f, afF8kmf8 / rfl/qLs/0f
@&=
/sdx?sf] kl/df0fLs/0fM
kl/df0fLs/0f -!_ s'g} e'QmfgLnfO{ b] xfosf] /sd a/fa/df kl/df0fLs/0f
ug{' kg]{ 5 M
43
-s_
s'g} Ps JolQmn] csf]{ JolQmnfO{
=============== ;DklQ
x:tfGt/0f u/L ul/Psf] e' QmfgLsf] xsdf x:tfGtl/t

-v_
========== ;DklQsf] ahf/ d"No a/fa/sf] /sd,
b]xfosf s'/ f pknAw u/fP afkt ePsf] e' QmfgLsf] nflu

tf]lsP adf]l hd lgwf{/0f x'g] /sd jf /sd lgwf{/0f ug]{
Joj:yf gul/Psf] df v08 -_ cg' ;f/ lgwf{/0f x' g] /sd M
-!_
e' QmfgL kfpg] JolQmsf] k"0 f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf lghL k|o f] hgsf
nflu k|of] u ul/Psf] jf k|of] usf] nflu pknAw ePsf] ;jf/L
;fwg, jf
-@_
-u_
e' QmfgL kfpg] JolQmsf] nflu pknAw u/fOPsf] ejg .

b]xfosf s'/ f pknAw u/fP afkt e'QmfgL lbg] JolQmn] u/]sf]
vr{a f6 e' QmfgL k|fKt ug]{ JolQmsf] of] ubfg s6fO{ afFsL x'g
cfPsf] /sd M
-!_
3/sf] /] vb] vstf{ , efG5], ;jf/L rfns, dfnL jf cGo 3/] n'
;xfossf] ;]jf,
-@_
s'g} vfgf, hnkfg jf dgf]/ ~hg, jf
-#_
e' QmfgL k| fKt ug]{ JolQmsf] lgjf;:yfgdf h8fg ul/Psf] wf/f,

ljh' nL, 6]l nkmf]g h:tf ;] j fx?,
-3_
s'g} cfo jif{d f e' QmfgL k| fKt ug'{ kg]{ s' g} JolQmn] C0f
afkt lt/]s f] Aofh k| rlnt Aofh b/ cg' ;f/ ltg'{ kg]{ Aofh
/sdeGbf sd ePdf ;f] sd ePhlt /sd, /
-_
v08 -s_, -v_, -u_ / -3_ df plNnlvt e' QmfgL afx] s cGo
e' QmfgLsf] ;DaGwdf e' QmfgL kfpg] JolQmsf] ;6[ f t] ;|f]
JolQmn] e' QmfgL kfPdf ;fdfGotof kfpg] kmfObfsf] d"No
a/fa/sf] /sd .

44
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ / -_ sf] ;DaGwdf e' QmfgL cfh{g u/] sf] ,
k| fKt u/] sf], lbPsf] , axg u/]s f] jf s/ k|o f] hgsf] nflu cGo ?kdf lx;fa ul/Psf]
;donfO{ g} /sdx?sf] kl/df0fLs/0f ePsf] ;do dflgg]5 .
@*=
?k}ofFdf kl/jt{g M -!_ o; P] gsf] k|o f] hgsf] nflu s'g} JolQmsf] cfo tyf ;f] cfo
lgwf{ /0f ubf{ ;dfj] z ul/g] / sL ul/g] /sdx? g] kfnL ?k}ofFF afx]s cGo d'b| fdf
c+lst ul/Psf] eP To:tf] /sdnfO{ g] kfnL ?k}ofFF d f kl/jt{ g ug{' kg]{5 .
-@_
s'g} JolQmsf] s'g} cfo jif{ df cfo u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj]z ul/g] jf sL
ul/g] /sd g] kfnL ?k} ofFF afx]s cGo d'b|fdf c+lst ul/Psf]d f ;f] /sd k| fKt
ul/Psf] , vr{ ul/Psf], lbPsf] , a' fPsf] jf s/ k|of] hgsf] nflu cGo s'g} lsl;dn]
lx;fa ubf{ s f avt k| rlnt ljlgdo b/ cg' ;f/ ;f] d' b| fnfO{ g] kfnL ?k}o fFFdf
kl/jt{g ug{' kg]{ 5 .
-#_
pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;' s} s'/f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg ;f] pkbkmfsf]
k|of] hgsf] nflu ljefun] lnlvt ?kdf ;" rgf hf/L u/L cg'dlt lbPsf] df s'g}
JolQmn] ;f] cfo jif{df ljefun] tf] s]s f] cf} ;t ljlgdo b/ k|o f] u ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
@(= ck|ToIf e'QmfgLx M s'g} JolQmn] e' QmfgLstf{ jf lgh;+ u ;Da4 JolQmn] u/]sf]
e' QmfgLaf6 ck| ToIf ?kn] kmfObf lnPdf jf e' QmfgL k| fKt ug]{ cGo JolQm tf]s]s f]df
ljefun] lnlvt ?kdf ;" rgf hf/L u/L To:tf] kmfObf lng] jf To:tf] cGo JolQm
tf]Sg] JolQmnfO{ g} ;f] e' QmfgL k| fKt ug]{ JolQmsf] ?kdf dfGg ;Sg]5 .
#)=
;+o'Qm :jfldTjdf /x]sf] nufgL M s'g} JolQmn] csf]{ JolQm;+ usf] ;+ o' Qm :jfldTjdf
/x]s f] nufgLaf6 cfh{ g u/] sf]] cfo u0fgf ug]{ k|of] hgsf] nflu cfo u0fgf ubf{
;dfj]z jf sL ul/g] /sdx? ;+ o'Qm :jfldTj ePsf JolQmx?sf] ;f] nufgLdf
/x]s f] cfcfgf] lxtsf] ;dfg' kflts cfwf/df afF 8kmfF 8 ug{' kg]{ 5 .
#!=
Ifltk"lt{ afktsf] e'QmfgLsf] rfl/qLs/0f M ladf afktsf] e' QmfgL nufot b]xfosf
s'/fx? afkt s' g} JolQm jf ;f] JolQmsf] ;Da4 JolQmn] s' g} Ifltk"l t{ /sd k| fKt
u/] s f]df ;f] Ifltk"l t{ afktsf] /sd k| fKt u/]s f] ;dodf To:tf] /sd cj:yf cg' ;f/
/f] huf/L, Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 ePsf] cfosf] u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj]z ug{' kg]{ 5 M
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .

45
-s_
s'g} Joj;fo, /f] huf/L jf nufgLaf6 ;f] JolQmn] k|fKt u/]s f] jf k| fKt x' g
;Sg] s'g} cfo jf ;f] cfosf] u0fgfdf ;dfj] z x'g] s' g} /sd afktsf]
Ifltk"lt{ , jf
-v_
s'g} Joj;fo jf nufgLdf ;f] JolQmnfO{ ePsf] jf x' g ;Sg] gf]S ;fgL jf ;f]
JolQmsf] cfosf] u0fgf ubf{ sL x'g] vr{ /sd afktsf] Ifltk"l t{ .
t/ jfl;Gbf k| fs[l ts JolQmsf] JolQmut b' 3{ 6gfaf6 ePsf] zfl//Ls Iflt
jfktsf] Ifltk"l t{ e' QmfgL /sd cfodf ;dfj] z ug'{ kg]{5}g / ;f] b' 3{ 6gfaf6 ePsf]
Ifltsf] pkrf/df nfu]s f] vr{ bkmf %! adf]lhd s/ ldnfg bfjL ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
#@=
jflif{s j[lQ, ls:tfaGbL laqmL / ljQLo k[f cGtu{tsf e'QmfgLsf] rfl/qLs/0f M -!_
jflif{ s j[l Q jf ls:tfaGbL ljqmL cGtu{ t ;DklQ k|fKt ug]{ JolQmaf6 jf ljQLo k6[ f
cGtu{t s'g} ;DklQsf] k|o f] u afkt s' g} JolQmnfO{ ul/Psf] e' QmfgLnfO{ o; bkmf
adf]l hd C0f bfjL cGtu{ t Aofh / k"F hL lkmtf{ ;/x Jojxf/ ug{' kg]{ 5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf ;a} e' QmfgLx?nfO{ Psd'i 6 u0fgf u/L ;f]sf]
s" n of] unfO{ b]x fo adf]l hd b'O{ efudf ljefhg ug{' kg]{ 5 M
-s_
cfjZostf cg' ;f/ jflif{ s j[l Q afktsf ;a} e'QmfgL jf s'g}

;DklQ ls:tfaGbL ljqmL ubf{ jf k6[ fdf lbFbfsf] ;dodf ;f]
;DklQsf] ahf/ d" No a/fa/ x' g] k"F hLut efu, /
-v_
-#_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf ;a} e'QmfgLx?sf] s" n of] uaf6

k"F hLut efu 36fpF b f x'g cfpg] Aofh efu .
pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd jflif{ s j[l Q, ls:tfaGbL ljqmL jf ljQLo k6[ f
lbFbfsf] ;dodf g}
============ ls:tfaGbL lgwf{/ 0f ubf{ :ki6?kdf k"FhLsf] efu /
Aofhsf] efu 5' 6\ofO{ s" n e' QmfgL tflnsf pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . ;f] adf]l hdsf]
tflnsf pknAw u/fpg g;Sg] n] Aofh / k"F hLut efux?nfO{ jflif{ s j[l Q,
ls:tfaGbL ljqmL jf ljQLo k6[ fnfO{ 5 5 dlxgfdf hf] 8\b} nlug] Aofh;lxtsf]
ldl>t C0f;/x dfgL pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf e'QmfgLx?df ljefhg ug{' kg]{5 .


46
-$_
ldl>t C0f dfgL pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ul/g] e' QmfgLsf] C0fsf]
cjlwe/ Aofhsf] b/ Pp6} x'g] u/L k|T o]s e' QmfgLsf] ;dodf a' fpg afF sL ;fjfF k"FhL_ df Aofhsf] c+ z lx;fa u/L C0fLn] cf+lzs?kdf ;fjfF / cf+lzs?kdf Aofhsf]
e'QmfgL ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_
o; bkmf adf]l hd ljQLo k6[ f cGtu{ t k6[ f ubf{ b]x fosf zt{ k'/f
ug'{' kg]{ 5 .
-s_
k6[ f ;Df} tfdf k6[ fsf] axfnL cjlw ;lsPkl5 :jfldTjsf]

x:tfGt/0f ul/g] jf k6[ f lng] JolQmn] k6[ fsf] cjlw ;dfKt
ePkl5 lglZrt jf k" j f{g'dflgt d"Nodf ;f] ;DklQ vl/b ug{
kfpg] ljsNksf] Joj:yf ePsf]] ,
-v_
k6[ fsf] cjlw ;f] ;DklQsf] pkof] uL cfo's f] krxQ/ k|ltzt

eGbf a9L ePsf],
-u_
k6[ fsf] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 ;f] ;DklQsf] cg' d flgt ahf/
d"No k6[ fsf] k|f/Dedf /x] sf] ;f] ;DklQsf] ahf/ d"Nosf] aL;
k|ltzt eGbf sd ePsf],
-3_
;DklQsf] pkof] uL cfo' sf] clGtd kRrL; k|l tzt cfo' eGbf
cufj} k| f/De x'g] k6[ fsf] xsdf Go" gtd k6[ f e' QmfgLsf]
jt{d fg d"N o k6[fsf] cjlw k| f/De x'Fb fsf] ;dodf ;f]
;DklQsf] ahf/ d" Nosf] gAa] k|l tzt a/fa/ jf ;f] eGbf a9L
ePsf] , jf
-_
k6[ f lng] JolQmsf] nflu ljz]if lsl;dn] tof/ ul/Psf]

;DklQ / k6[ fsf] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 ;f] ;DklQ k6[ f lng]
JolQmnfO{ afx]s cGo s'g} JolQmnfO{ Jojxfl/s k| of] u gx'g]
ePsf] .
-^_
pkbkmf -!_ adf] lhdsf] k|To]s e'QmfgLnfO{ pkbkmf -#_ adf] lhd
b'O{ efux?df ljefhg ul/g] 5 / C0f bfaL cGtu{t Aofh efunfO{ a'fPsf] jf
a'fpg] Aofhsf] ?kdf / k"F hLut efunfO{ k"F hLsf] lkmtf{s f] ?kdf Jojxf/ ug{'
kg]{5 .
47
-&_
ljQLo kf cGtu{ t kf lng] JolQmnfO{ k6[f ul/Psf] ;DklQsf]
:jfldTj ePsf] JolQm ;/x dflgg]5 / k6[ f lbg] JolQmsf] kf lng] JolQm dfly
C0f bfjL ;/x dflgg]5 .
-*_
k6[ f e'QmfgLsf] jt{ dfg d"NonfO{ ;fdfGo Aofhb/ a/fa/sf] 5' 6 -
l8:sfp06_ b/ k|of] u u/L u0fgf ug'{ kg]{5 .

:ki6Ls/0f M k6[ fsf] cjlw eGgfn] k6[ f lng] JolQmn] k6[ f gjLs/0f u/fpg
kfpg] cltl/Qm cjlw ;d] tnfO{ ;Dg' k5{ .
##=
;Da4 JolQmx?aLr d"No x:tfGt/0f -6fG;km/ k|fOl;_

Ol; _ / cGo k|aGwx? M -!_ ;Da4
JolQmx?aLr s'g} Joj:yf ePsf]df ;f] Joj:yf ;fdfGo ahf/ Jojxf/ -cfD;{ n]G y_
cg' ;f/ ;~rfng ul/Psf] eP ltgLx?sf] nflu sfod x'g;Sg] s/of]Uo cfo jf
a'fpg kg]{ s/ k|l tljlDat x'g] lsl;dn] tL JolQmx?aLr cfo u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj]z
jf sL ul/g] /sdx? ljefun] lnlvt ?kdf ;" rgf hf/L u/] / ljt/0f, lalgof] hg
jf afF 8kmfF 8 ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt s' g} s'/ f ubf{ ljefun] b] xfo adf]l hd ug{
;Sg]5 M
-s_
s'g} cfo, gf]S;fgL, /sd jf e' QmfgLsf] ;| f]t / lsl;dnfO{

k'gM rfl/qLs/0f ug{ , jf
-v_
s'g} Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ s' g} JolQmn] d' Vo sfof{ no vr{

nufot ug'{ k/]s f] ljleGg vr{ af6, ;Da4 JolQm jf
JolQmx?nfO{ kmfO{b f k'U g uPsf]d f To:tf] vr{ Joj;fosf]
sf/f] af/sf] t' ngfTds cfwf/df ;Da4 JolQmx?aLr afF 8kmfF 8
ug{ .
#$=
cfosf] v08Ls/0f
v08Ls/0 M -!_ s'g} JolQmn] cfgf] cfo csf]{ JolQm;+ u ljefhg ug{ k|o Tg
u/L ;f] af6 a' fpg' kg]{ s/df s'g} sdL cfpg] b]l vPdf bfloTj 36L x'g glbg
ljefun] lnlvt ?kdf ;" rgf lbP/ k| To]s JolQmsf] cfo u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj] z jf sL
ul/g] /sdx? ;dfof] hg u/fpg ;Sg] 5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ df pNn]v eP adf]l hd JolQm / ;Da4 JolQmaLr
k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf Ps jf a9L dWo:y lgsfox?f/f b] xfosf /sdx?sf]

48
x:tfGt/0f / ;f] x:tfGt/0fsf] k| o f] hgn] ;f] JolQm jf ;Da4 JolQmaf6 a' fpg'
kg]{ s/df sdL Nofpg cfo ljefhg ug]{ k|oTg u/]sf] cj:yfx? ;d] tnfO{
hgfpg]5 M
-s_
k| fKt ul/g] /sd jf ul/g] vr{x ?, jf
-v_
s'g} ;DklQ x:tfGt/0f ul/lng] JolQmn] ;f] ;DklQaf6 k| fKt

ug]{ /sd jf pkef] u ug]{ /sd jf ;f] ;DklQsf] :jfldTj
lnP afkt Joxf]/] sf] vr{ jf lbPsf] e' QmfgL .
-#_
ljefun] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd s'g} JolQmn] cfo ljefhg ug{
vf] h]sf] xf] jf xf] Og eGg] s'/ f osLg ubf{ x:tfGt/0fsf nflu ul/Psf] s' g} klg
e' QmfgLsf] ahf/ d"Nosf] cfwf/ lng] 5 .
#%=
s/ d'lQm lj?4sf] ;fdfGo lgod M ljefun] o; P]g adf]l hd s/ bfloTjsf] osLg

ug]{ k|of] hgsf] nflu b]x fosf s'/ fx? ug{ ;Sg] 5 M
-s_
s/ d'l Qm of] hgfsf] efusf] ?kdf ul/Psf] jf ug{ vf]l hPsf] s' g} k| aGw jf
k| aGwsf] s'g} efunfO{ k'gM rfl/qLs/0f ug{ ,
-v_
s'g} ;f/e" t cfly{ s c;/ gb] vfpg] s' g} k|a Gw jf k| aGwsf] s'g} efunfO{
j] jf:tf ug{, jf
-u_
;f/e" ttTj gb] vfpg] s'g} k| aGw jf k| aGwsf] efunfO{ k'gM rfl/qLs/0f ug{ .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of] hgsf] nflu s/ d'lQm of] hgf eGgfn] s/

bfloTjaf6 d'l Qm kfpg] jf s/ bfloTjdf sdL Nofpg] d'Vo p2] Zo ePsf]
s'g} k|a Gw ;Dg' k5{ .
kl/R5]b*
;DklQ / bfloTjaf6 k|fKt v"b nfesf] lgwf{/0f
#^=
;DklQ tyf bfloTjaf6 k|fKt v"b nfe M -!_ s'g} cfo jif{s f] nflu s'g} JolQmsf]
Joj;fosf] Jofj;flos ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] lg;u{ af6 k| fKt v"b nfesf] u0fgf ;f]
cfo jif{ df ;f] Joj;fosf] Jofj;flos ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] lg;u{af6 k| fKt ;a}
nfesf] of] uaf6 b]x fosf gf]S ;fgL s6fO{ ug{' kg]{5 M
-s_
Joj;fosf] Jofj;flos ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] lg;u{a f6 ;f]

jif{d f x'g uPsf] ;a} gf]S;fgLsf] of]u,
49
-v_
;f] jif{ d f ;f] JolQmsf] cGo s'g} Joj;foaf6 x' g uPsf] v"b
gf]S ;fgL dWo] cGoq sL x'g g;s] sf] gf]S ;fgL, /
-u_
s'g} cfo jif{ d f ;f] Joj;fo jf ;f] JolQmsf] cGo s'g}

Joj;foaf6 ljutdf x'g uPsf] v"b gf]S ;fgLdWo] sL x'g
g;s] sf] gf]S ;fgL .
-@_
s'g} cfo jif{sf] nflu s' g} JolQmsf] nufgLsf] s/ nfUg] u}/ Jofj;flos
;DklQsf] lg;u{ af6 k|fKt v"b nfesf] u0fgf ;f] cfo jif{ df ;f] nufgLsf] s/ nfUg] u}/
Jofj;flos ;DklQsf] lg;u{ af6 k| fKt ;a} nfesf] of]uaf6 b] xfosf] gf]S;fgL s6fO{ ug'{
kg]{ 5 M
-s_
;f] nufgLsf] s/ nfUg] u}/ Jofj;flos ;DklQsf] lg;u{a f6

;f] jif{d f x'g uPsf] ;a} gf]S ;fgLsf] of] u,
-v_
;f] jif{d f ;f] JolQmsf] cGo s'g} Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 x'g

uPsf] v" b gf]S;fgLdWo] cGoq sL x'g g;s]s f] gf]S;fgL, /
-u_
ljutsf] s' g} cfo jif{ df ;f] JolQmsf] ;f] nufgL, s'g}

Joj;fo jf cGo s'g} nufgLaf6 x'g uPsf] v"b gf]S;fgLdWo]
sL x'g g;s] s f] gf]S ;fgL .
-#_
ljb]z L ;|f]tsf] ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] lg;u{af6 x'g uPsf]
gf]S;fgLsf ;DaGwdf s'g} JolQmn] pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]l hd sL ug]{ bfjL
s'g} ljb]zL ;|f] tsf] ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] lg;u{af6 k| fKt nfesf] xb;Dd dfq
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ s'g} JolQmn] pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd PseGbf a9L u0fgfdf
Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 x'g uPsf] v"b gf] S;fgL pkbkmf -!_ jf
-@_ adf]lhd sL
ug{ ;Sg] ePdf lghn] ;f] gf]S;fgL jf gf]S;fgLsf] c+ z sL ug]{ k| of]h gsf] nflu
u0fgfx?sf] 5gf}6 ug{ ;Sg] 5 .

-!_
v"b gf]S ;fgL eGgfn]
-s_ s'g} Joj;fosf] ;DaGwdf s' g} cfo jif{d f ;f] Joj;fosf]

Jofj;flos ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] lg;u{ a f6 x'g uPsf] gf]S;fgL
50
;f] jif{ df ;f] Joj;fosf] Jofj;flos ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf]

lg;u{a f6 k|fKt nfeeGbf a9L eP hltsf]] /sd ;Dg' k5{ , /
-v_ s'g} nufgLsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} cfo jif{df ;f] nufgLsf] s/of]Uo
u}/ Jofj;flos ;DklQsf] lg;u{a f6 x'g uPsf] gf]S;fgL ;f]
jif{d f ;f] nufgLsf] s/of]U o u} /Jofj;flos ;DklQsf] lg;u{ af6
k| fKt nfeeGbf a9L eP hltsf] /sd ;Dg' k5{ .
-@_
sL x'g g;s]s f] v" b gf]S ;fgL eGgfn] s'g} Joj;fo jf

nufgLsf] ,
-s_ s'g} cfo jif{ d f ;f] Joj;fo jf nufgLsf] ;f] jif{df ePsf] v"b
gf]S ;fgL dWo] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ jf -u_ jf pkbkmf @
sf] v08 -v_ jf -u_ adf]l hd sL x'g gkfPsf] gf]S;fgL, /
-v_ bkmf @) sf] pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ sf] ;do ;Ldfsf] sf/0fn] vr{
ldGxf kfpg g;lsg] ;f] Joj;fo jf nufgLsf] ;f] bkmfsf]
pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhdsf] s'g} sL x'g g;s] s f] gf]S;fgL ;Dg'
k5{ .
#&=
;DklQ tyf bfloTjaf6 ePsf] nfe / gf]S;fgL M -!_ s'g} ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf]
lg;u{af6 x'g uPsf] s'g} JolQmsf] nfe lg;u{ sf] ;dodf ;f] ;DklQ jf bfloTj
afktsf] vr{x?sf] -cfp6 uf]O ;_ of] ueGbf ;f] ;DklQ jf bfloTj afkt k| fKt
cfDbfgLsf]] of] u a9L eP hltsf] /sd dfgL u0fgf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_
s'g} ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] lg;u{ af6 x'g uPsf] s'g} JolQmsf] gf]S;fgL
lg;u{ sf] ;dodf ;f] ;DklQ jf bfloTj afkt k|fKt cfDbfgLx?sf] of]ueGbf ;f] ;DklQ
jf bfloTj afktsf] vr{ sf] -cfp6 uf]O;_ of]u a9L eP hltsf] /sd dfgL u0fgf ug'{
kg]{ 5 .
#*=
;DklQ / bfloTjx? afktsf] vr{ / v"b vr{ M -!_ o; P]g sf] cwLgdf /xL s'g}
JolQmsf] ;DklQ jf bfloTj afktsf] vr{x ?df b]x fosf vr{x? ;dfj] z x'g]5g\ M
-s_
s'g} ;DklQsf] ;DaGwdf b]x fosf /sdx? nufot ;f] ;DklQ

k| fKt ubf{ ;f] JolQmaf6 ul/Psf vr{x? M
51
-!_
;f] ;DklQsf] lgdf{0 f jf pTkfbg ubf{ nfu]sf]

;DalGwt vr{ , /
-@_
;f] ;DklQ k| fKt ePsf] sf/0fn] ;f] JolQmsf] cfo

u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj]z ul/g' kg]{ s'g} /sd .
-v_
;f] ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] kl/jt{ g, ;' wf/ / dd{t ;+ e f/ ubf{

nfu] sf] vr{ nufot ;f] ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] :jfldTj lnFbf
lghaf6 ul/Psf] vr,{ / ;DklQsf] ;DaGwdf ;f] ;DklQsf]
dd{ t ;+ e f/ ubf{ nfu] sf] vr{ ,
-u_
;f] ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] lg;u{ ubf{ lghaf6 ul/Psf] vr{ , /
-3_
;f] ;DklQ k|fKt ubf{ jf bfloTj axg ubf{ / To:tf] ;DklQ

jf bfloTj lg;u{ ubf{ lghaf6 ul/Psf cfsl:ds vr{ x? .
t/ o:tf] vr{d f bkmf @! sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08
-s_, -v_, -u_, -3_ / -_ adf]l hdsf vr{x ? / cfo lgwf{/0f
ubf{ sL ug{ ;lsg] xb ;Ddsf vr{ x? ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{
5}g .
-@_
s'g} vf; ;dodf s'g} ;DklQ jf bfloTj afktsf v"b vr{x? ;f]
;dodf ;f] ;DklQ jf bfloTj afktsf ;a} cfDbfgLx?sf] of]ueGbf ;f] ;DklQ
jf bfloTj afktsf] ;a} vr{x?sf] of]u a9L eP hltsf] /sdx? dfgL u0fgf
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_
kl/R5]b^ / & df plNnlvt cfo u0fgf ubf{ sL ul/g] vr{
/sdnfO{ s'g} ;DklQ jf bfloTj afktsf] vr{ /sdsf] ;Gbe{ d f eP ;/x dfgL
pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf vr{x?sf ;DaGwdf nfu" x'g] 5g\ .
t/ plNnlvt Joj:yfsf] ;DaGwdf bkmf @^ nfu" x'g] 5}g .
#(=
;DklQ tyf bfloTj afktsf cfDbfgL / v"b cfDbfgL M -!_ o; P]gsf] cwLgdf /xL
s'g} JolQmsf] ;DklQ jf bfloTj afktsf cfDbfgLx?df b]x fosf /sdx? ;dfj]z
ug'{ kg]{ 5 M
-s_
lghn] bfloTjsf] ;DaGwdf bfloTj jxg ubf{ k| fKt u/]sf

/sdx?,
52
-v_
;DklQsf] d"No kl/jt{g jf Go" g u/L jf bfloTj a[l 4 u/L

k| fKt ul/Psf /sdx? nufot ;DklQ k| fKt ubf{ jf bfloTj
jxg ug]{ ;DaGwdf lghaf6 k|fKt ul/g] /sdx?, /
-u_
;f] ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] lg;u{ ;DaGwdf lghn] k| fKt u/]sf]

jf k| fKt ug{] /sdx? .
t/ o:tf] cfDbfgLdf s/ 5' 6 kfPsf] /sd, clGtd
?kdf sL x' g] e' QmfgL jf ;f] JolQmsf] cfo lgwf{/0f ubf{
cfodf ;dfj] z ul/g] /sdx? ;dfj]z x'g] 5}gg\ .
-@_
s'g} vf; ;dodf s'g} ;DklQ jf bfloTj afktsf v" b cfDbfgLx?df
;f] ;dodf ;f] ;DklQ jf bfloTj afktsf vr{x?sf] of]ueGbf ;f] ;DklQ jf
bfloTj afktsf cfDbfgLx? a9L eP hltsf] /sdx? ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_
kl/R5]b^ / & df plNnlvt ljifosf ;DaGwdf cfo u0fgf ubf{
cfodf ;dfj]z ul/g] /sdnfO{ s'g} ;DklQ jf bfloTj afktsf] cfDbfgL /sdsf]
;Gbe{ df eP ;/x dfgL pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
t/ plNnlvt Joj:yfsf] ;DaGwdf bkmf @^ nfu" x'g] 5}g .
$)=
;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] lg;u{ M -!_ s'g} JolQmsf] s' g} ;DklQaf6 :jfldTj x6] df
lghn] ;f] ;DklQsf] lg;u{ u/] s f] dflgg] 5 . ;DklQsf] lg;u{ df ;f] ;DklQsf]
:jfldTj ePsf] JolQmaf6 ;f] ;DklQsf] ljt/0f ul/g' ;f] ;DklQ cGo ;DklQ jf
bfloTjdf ufleg', ls:tfaGbL laqmLsf] dfWodaf6 laqmL ug'{ jf ljQLo k6[f cGtu{ t
s'g} csf]{ JolQmnfO{ k6[ fdf lbOg' , /2 ul/g' , ljgf; x'g' , x/fpg' , Dofb ;lsg' jf
;dk{0f ul/g' h:tf sfo{ ;d]t ;dfj] z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_
s'g} JolQm s'g} bfloTjsf] ef/af6 x6]d f lghn] ;f] bfloTjsf] lg;u{
u/]s f] dflgg] 5 . bfloTjsf] lg;u{ df bfloTj km5\of}{ 6, /4, d' Qm, ;dfkg x'g' jf
csf]{ bfloTj jf ;DklQdf ufleg' h:tf sfo{ ;d] t ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_
pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g}
JolQmn] s'g} ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] b] xfosf cj:yfx?df lg;u{ u/]s f] dflgg]5 M
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .

53
-s_
k| fs[l ts JolQmsf] ;DaGwdf ;f] JolQmsf] d[ To' s f] tTsfn

cl3,
-v_
s'g} ;DklQsf] ;DaGwdf ;f] ;DklQ afktsf cfDbfgLx?sf]

of] u ;f] ;DklQ afktsf vr{x ?sf] of] ueGbf a9L ePdf,
-u_
C0f bfjL ePsf] ;DklQsf] ;DaGwdf,

-!_
a} jf ljQLo ;+ :yfsf] C0f bfjLsf] ;DaGwdf tf]lsP

adf]l hdsf dfkb08 cg' ;f/ v/fa C0f x'g k' u]s f] df,
/
-@_
cGo s'g} cj:yfdf ;f] JolQmn] C0f bfjL c;" npk/

gx'g] egL dgfl;j ?kdf ljZjf; u/]s f] df .
t/ ;f] C0f bfjL c;" npk/ ug{ ;f] JolQmn]
;a} pko' Qm pkfox? cjnDag u/L ;s] sf] x'g
kg]{ 5 .
-3_
s'g} JolQmn] Jofj;flos ;DklQ, u}/ Jofj;flos s/of] Uo

;DklQ, x| f; of]Uo ;DklQ jf Jofkf/ df} Hbftsf]] lsl;d
km]l/g] u/L To:tf] ;DklQ lghn] k|o f] u ug{ yfn]s f] cj:yfdf
;f] ;DklQsf] km]l/Psf] :j?k k| of] u ug'{ eGbf tTsfn cl3,
-_
s'g} lgsfosf] ;DaGwdf bkmf %& adf]l hdsf cj:yfx?df, /
-r_
g]kfndf cjl:yt hUuf hldg jf ejg afx] s, ;f] JolQm

u}/afl;Gbf JolQm x'g'e Gbf tTsfn cl3 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd s'g} JolQmn] s'g} ljQLo k6[ f cGtu{ t s'g}
;DklQ k6[fdf lbP/ ;f] ;DklQsf] lg;u{ u/] df lghn] h' g JolQmnfO{ ;f] ;DklQ
k6[ fdf lbPsf] xf] To:tf] JolQmn] lg;u{s f] ;dodf ;f] ;DklQsf] :jfldTj k| fKt
u/] s f] dflgg] 5 .
-%_
;DklQ tyf bfloTjx?sf] lg;u{a f6 s' g} JolQmn] k| fKt u/]s f] nfe
u0fgf ug]{ k|of] hgsf] nflu b]x fo adf]l hd x'g] 5 M
54
-s_
of] P]g k| f/De x'Fb fsf avt ;f] JolQmsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf
s'g} ;DklQ afktsf v"b vr{ x?sf] /sd ;f] avt pQm
;DklQsf] k| rlnt ahf/ d"No a/fa/ dflgg] 5,
-v_
of] P]g k| f/De x'Fb fsf avt s'g} JolQmsf] bfloTj afktsf
v" b cfDbfgLx? To; avt pQm bfloTjsf] k| rlnt ahf/
d"No cg' ;f/sf] /sd a/fa/ dflgg]5 .
$!=
;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] ydf}tL -l/6]G;g_ ;lxtsf] lg;u{ M s'g} JolQmn] bkmf $) sf]
pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -u_, -3_, -_ / -r_ df plNnlvt s' g} klg tl/sfn] s'g}
;DklQ jf bfloTj lg;u{ u/]df b] xfo adf]l hd x' g]5 M
-s_
;DklQsf] ;DaGwdf,
-!_
;f] JolQmnfO{ lg;u{ afkt lg;u{sf] ;dodf ;f] ;DklQsf]

ahf/ d"N o a/fa/sf] /sd k|fKt ePsf] dflgg] 5, /
-@_
;f] ;DklQ k' gM lg;u{ xF'b f of] bkmf adf]l hd lg;u{ ePsf]
avt;Dd ;f] ;DklQ jfkt ul/Psf v"b vr{ x -g]6 cfp6
uf]O _ k| flKt /sd a/fa/sf] /sd eP ;/x dflgg] 5 .
-v_
-!_
bfloTjsf] ;DaGwdf,
;f] JolQmnfO{ lg;u{ sf] ;dodf ;f] bfloTjsf] ahf/ d"No

a/fa/sf] /sd ;f] lg;u{ afkt vr{ u/]sf] dflgg]5 , /
-@_
;f] bfloTj k'gM lg;u{ x'F b f of] bkmf adf]l hd lg;u{ ePsf]
;do;Dd pkv08 -!_ adf]lhd bfloTj jfkt ul/Psf v'b
cfDbfgLx vr{ /sd a/fa/sf] eP ;/x dflgg]5 .
$@=
ls:tfaGbL laqmL jf ljQLo k6[fsf] dfWodaf6 lg;u{ M s'g}

JolQmn] s'g} ;DklQ s'g} csf]{ JolQmnfO{ ls:tfaGbL laqmLsf]
dfWodaf6 jf ljQLo k6[ f cGtu{ t k6[ fdf lbO{ lg;u{ u/]df
b]xfo adf]l hd x' g]5 M
-s_
;DklQ lg;u{ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ lg;u{sf] ;dodf ;f] ;DklQsf] ahf/

d"No a/fa/sf] /sd ;f] lg;u{a f6 k| fKt ePsf] dflgg]5 , /
55
-v_
lg;u{af6 ;DklQ k| fKt ug]{ JolQmsf] pkv08 -s_ a/fa/sf] /sd

nfut k/] sf] dflgg] 5 .
t/ bkmf $% sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g]
5}g .
$#=
klt, kTgL jf k"j{ klt, k"j{ kTgL nfO{ ;DklQsf] x:tfGt/0f M ;DaGw laR5]b ePsf]
jf c+ z lnO{ leGg a;] s f] s' g} k|fs[l ts JolQmn] lghsf] klt, kTgL jf k" j{ klt, k"j{
kTgLnfO{ ;DklQ x:tfGt/0f u/L ;DklQsf] lg;u{ u/]df / ;f] klt, kTgL jf k"j{
klt, k" j{ kTgLn] of] bkmf nfu" ul/kfpg lnlvt ?kdf 5gf} 6 u/] df b]x fo adf]l hd
x'g]5 M
-s_
;f] JolQmn] lg;u{sf] tTsfn cl3 ;f] ;DklQ afkt ePsf v"b vr{x?
a/fa/sf] /sd ;f] lg;u{ afkt k|fKt u/]sf] dflgg]5, /
-v_
v08 -s_ a/fa/sf] /sd x:tfGt/0faf6 ;DklQ k|fKt ug]{ JolQmsf]

$$=
d[To' kZrft ;DklQsf]

;DklQsf] x:tfGt/0f M s'g} k| fs[l ts JolQmsf] d[ To' eO{ s' g} ;DklQsf]
:jfldTj csf]{ JolQmdf x:tfGt/0faf6 lg;u{ ul/Psf] d f b]x fo adf]l hd x'g]5 M
-s_
;f] JolQmn] ;f] lg;u{s f ;dodf ;f] ;DklQsf] k| rlnt ahf/ d" No
a/fa/sf] /sd lg;u{ afkt k| fKt u/] s f] dflgg] 5, /
-v_
x:tfGt/0faf6 ;DklQ k| fKt ug]{ JolQmsf] v08 -s_ a/fa/sf] /sd

$%=
;Da4 JolQmx?aLrsf] x:tfGt/0f / cGo u}/ ahf/ x:tfGt/0fx? M -!_ s'g} JolQmn]
s'g} ;DklQ ;Da4 JolQmnfO{ jf s' g} cGo JolQmnfO{ s'g} k|l tkmn glnO{ x:tfGt/0f
u/L ;f] ;DklQ lg;u{ u/] d f b]x fo adf]l hd x'g] 5 M
-s_
;f] JolQmn] ;f] ;DklQsf] lg;u{ af6 ;f] ;DklQsf] lg;u{ x'g'
tTsfn cl3 ;f] ;DklQsf] ahf/ d"No jf ;f] ;DklQ afkt
ePsf] v" b vr{ dWo] h'g a9L x' G5 ;f] /sd k| fKt u/]sf]
dflgg] 5, /
-v_
v08 -s_ df pNn] v eP a/fa/sf] /sd x:tfGt/0faf6

;DklQ k| fKt ug]{ JolQmsf] nfut k/]sf] dflgg] 5 .
56
t/ bkmf $# / $$ sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] cj:yfdf

of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ df h' g;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg s'g} JolQmn]
Jofj;flos ;DklQ, u}/ Jofj;flos
s/of] Uo ;DklQ jf Jofkfl/s df}Hbftsf
?kdf /x] sf] ;DklQsf] :jfldTj ;Da4 JolQmnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/L lg;u{ u/]d f /
pkbkmf -^_ adf]l hdsf s' /fx? k"/ f ePdf b] xfo adf]l hd x' g]5 M
-s_
;f] lg;u{ sf] tTsfn cl3 ;f] ;DklQ afkt ePsf] v" b vr{
a/fa/sf] /sd ;f] lg;u{ afkt ;f] JolQmn] k| fKt u/]sf]
dflgg] 5, /
-v_

-#_
pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s' /f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg pkbkmf -^_
adf]l hdsf s' /fx? k"/ f u/L s'g} JolQmn] x| f;of]U o ;DklQsf] :jfldTj ;Da4
JolQmnfO{ x:tfGt/0faf6 lg;u{ u/] df jf To:tf] ;DklQ ;f] x| f; of] Uo ;DklQsf] s'g}
;d"x df kg]{ ePdf b]xfo adf]l hd x'g]5 M
-s_
;f] JolQmn] ;f] lg;u{ x'Fb fsf avt cg' ;"rL@ sf] bkmf $
adf]l hd ;f] ;d"xsf] 36\b f] k|0 ffnLsf] afF sL d" No a/fa/sf]
/sd ;f] lg;u{ afkt k|fKt u/]sf] dflgg]5 , /
-v_

-$_ s'g} JolQmn] o; bkmf adf]l hd s'g} bfloTj ;Da4 JolQmnfO{

x:tfGt/0f u/L jf cGo s'g} JolQmnfO{ s'g} d"No
glbO{ x:tfGt/0f u/L ;f]
bfloTjsf] lg;u{ u/]df b] xfo adf]l hd x' g]5 M

cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]lwt .
57
-s_
;f] JolQmsf] ;f] lg;u{ afkt ahf/ d"N o jf ;f] lg;u{

x'g'e Gbf tTsfn cl3sf] ;f] bfloTj afkt ePsf] v" b cfDbfgL
dWo] h' g 36L x'G 5 ;f] /sd a/fa/ nfut k/]s f] dflgg]5, /
-v_
h'g JolQmnfO{ ;f] bfloTj x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] xf] ;f] JolQmn]

pQm bfloTj a/fa/sf] /sd ;f] bfloTj lnF b fsf] ;DaGwdf
k| fKt u/] sf] dflgg] 5 .
t/ bkmf $# / $$ sf] Joj:yf nfu" x' g] cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu"

x'g] 5}g .
-%_
s'g} JolQmn] pkbkmf -^_ df plNnlvt s'/ fx? k"/ f u/L cfgf] s'g}
Joj;foaf6 cfo cfh{ g ubf{ lnPsf] s'g} bfloTj ;Da4 JolQmnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/L
lg;u{ u/]df b]x fo adf]l hd x'g] 5 M
-s_
;f] JolQmn] pQm lg;u{ sf] tTsfn cl3 ;f] bfloTj afkt
u/] s f] v"b cfDbfgL a/fa/sf] /sd ;f] lg;u{ s f] nflu ;f]
JolQmsf] nfut k/] sf] dflgg] 5, /
-v_
;f] ;Da4 JolQmn] ;f] bfloTj lng] ;DaGwdf pQm /sd

a/fa/sf] k| flKt u/]s f] dflgg]5 .
-^_
pkbkmf -@_, -#_ / -%_ sf] k|o f] hgsf] nflu b]x fo adf]l hdsf s'/ fx?
k"/f u/] sf] x' g' kg{]5 M

-s_
lg;u{ ul/Psf] Jofj;flos ;DklQ, Jofkf/ df}Hbft jf

Joj;fosf] x| f;of] Uo ;DklQ lg;u{ ug]{ JolQmaf6 x:tfGt/0f
ul/Psf] tTsfn kl5sf] ;Da4 JolQmsf] Jofj;flos ;DklQ,
Jofkf/ df} Hbft jf Joj;fosf] x| f;of]Uo ;DklQ x' g]5 .
-v_
lg;u{ ul/Psf] u} / Jofj;flos s/of] Uo ;DklQ jf s'g}

nufgLsf] x|f;of]Uo ;DklQ lg;u{ ug]{ JolQmaf6 x:tfGt/0f
ul/Psf] tTsfn kl5sf] ;Da4 JolQmsf] Jofj;flos ;DklQ,
u}/ Jofj;flos s/of]U o ;DklQ x| f;of] Uo ;DklQ jf Jofkf/
df} Hbft x'g]5 .
58
-u_
s'g} bfloTjsf] xsdf ;Da4 JolQmsf] s'g} Joj;fo jf

nufgLaf6 cfo cfh{ gsf nflu ;f] ;Da4 JolQmnfO{ ;f]
bfloTj x:tfGt/0f ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-3_
x:tfGt/0fsf] avtdf ;f] x:tfGt/0f ug]{ JolQm / ;Da4

JolQm afl;Gbf ePsf] x'g' k5{ tyf ;Da4 JolQm s/ 5' 6
kfpg] JolQm ePsf] x'g' x'b} g .
-_
;f] ;DklQdf lglxt :jfldTj jf ;f] bfloTjdf lglxt ef/

cj:yf cg' ;f/ slDtdf krf; k|l tzt /lx/xg' kg]{5, /
-r_
cj:yf cg' ;f/ pkbkmf -@_, -#_ jf -%_ cg';f/sf] 5gf} 6

nfu" ug{ ;f] JolQm tyf ;Da4 JolQm b' j} af6 lnlvt ?kdf
cg'/ f] w ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
$^=
;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] k|lt:yfkg ;lxtsf] c:j]lR5s lg;u{ M -!_ s'g} JolQmn] bkmf
$) sf] pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt tl/sfx?dWo] s'g} klg tl/sfn] s'g} ;DklQ
c:j]lR5s ?kdf lg;u{ u/] sf] Ps jif{leq ;f] ;DklQsf] abnfdf ;f]x L lsl;dsf]
csf]{ ;DklQsf] :jfldTj k| fKt u/L of] bkmf nfu" x'g lnlvt ?kdf cg'/f] w u/] df
b]xfo adf]l hd x' g]5 M
-s_
;f] JolQmn] b]xfo adf]l hdsf] /sdx?sf] of] u a/fa/sf] /sd

;f] lg;u{ afkt k| fKt u/]s f] dflgg]5 M
-!_
-@_
lg;u{ x'g' eGbf tTsfn cl3 ;f] ;DklQ afktsf v"b vr{, /
;f] k|l t:yflkt ;DklQ k|fKt ubf{ ul/Psf] vr{ eGbf ;f]
lg;u{a f6 k| fKt ul/Psf] /sd a9L eP o:tf] a9L eP hlt
/sd, /
-v_
;f] JolQmn] k|l t:yflkt ;DklQ k|fKt ubf{ b]x fo adf]l hdsf]
/sdx?sf] of] u a/fa/sf] /sd vr{ u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
-!_
lg;u{ x'g'e Gbf tTsfn cl3 lg;u{ ul/Psf] ;DklQ afktsf v"b
vr{x ?, /
-@_
;f] lg;u{ a f6 k|fKt ul/Psf] /sdeGbf ;f] k|lt:yflkt ;DklQ

k| fKt ubf{ ePsf] vr{ a9L eP o:tf] a9L eP hlt vr{ .
59
-@_ s' g} JolQmn] bkmf $) sf] pkbkmf -@_ df plNnlvt tl/sfx?dWo] s' g}
klg tl/sfaf6 s'g} bfloTj c:j}lR5s ?kdf lg;u{ u/] sf] Ps jif{l eq ;f] bfloTjsf]
;6[ fdf ;f]x L lsl;dsf] csf]{ bfloTj jxg u/L of] bkmf nfu" x'g lnlvt ?kdf
cg'/ f] w u/] df b]x fo adf]l hd x' g]5 M
-s_
;f] JolQmn] pkv08 -!_ df plNnlvt /sdaf6 pkv08 -@_

df plNnlvt /sd 36fO{ x'g cfpg] /sd ;f] lg;u{ afkt
vr{ u/]s f] dflgg]5 .
-!_
lg;u{s f] tTsfn cl3 ;f] bfloTj afktsf] v"b cfDbfgLx?

afktsf] /sd,
-@_
;f] k|lt:yflkt bfloTj lnFb f k| fKt ul/Psf] /sdeGbf ;f] lg;u{

ubf{ ePsf] vr{ a9L eP o:tf] a9L eP hltsf] vr{ /sd,
-v_
;f] JolQmn] k|l t:yflkt bfloTj lnF b f b]x fo adf]l hdsf]

/sdx?sf] of] u a/fa/sf] /sd k| fKt u/] sf] dflgg] 5 M
-!_
lg;u{ x'g'e Gbf tTsfn cl3 lg;u{ ul/Psf] bfloTj afktsf v"b
cfDbfgLx?, /
-@_
lg;u{ ubf{ ePsf] vr{ eGbf k|l t:yflkt bfloTj lnFb f k| fKt
ul/Psf] /sd a9L eP o:tf] a9L eP hltsf] /sd .
-#_
s'g} lgsfodf /x]s f] lxtsf] kl/jt{g jf lgsfosf] k'glg{ df{0 fsf]

kmn:j?k ;f] lgsfosf]] Pp6f lxtsf] csf]{ lxt -;]So"l/6L_ af6
k|lt:yfkgf eO{ c:j}lR5s lg;u{ l;h{gf x'g] cj:yfx? tf]lsP
adf]l hd x'g] 5 .
$&=
;DklQ / bfloTj ufleO{ x'g] lg;u{ M -!_ s' g} JolQmn] s'g} ;DklQ k|fKt u/] sf] jf
bfloTj jxg u/] sf] kl/0ffd:j?k ;f] JolQmsf] :jfldTjdf ePsf]] csf]{ s'g} ;DklQ
jf jxg u/] sf] csf]{ s'g} bfloTj ;dfKt eO{ jf ufleO{ lg;u{ ePdf b] xfo adf]l hd
x'g]5 M
-s_
lg;u{ x'g'eGbf tTsfn cl3 ufleg] ;DklQ jf bfloTj

afktsf v"b vr{x? ePsf]d f ;f] JolQmn] ,
60
-!_
ufleg] ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] lg;u{ sf ;DaGwdf ;f] v"b vr{

a/fa/sf] /sd k| fKt u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
t/ o:tf] /sd pQm uflePsf] bfloTj afkt lghn] k| fKt u/] sf]]
/sdeGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
-@_
uflePsf] ;DklQsf] :jfldTj wf/0f jf bfloTjsf] ef/ jxg ubf{

pQm /sd a/fa/sf] /sd vr{ u/] sf] dflgg] 5 .
-v_
ufleg] bfloTjsf] ;DaGwdf ;f] bfloTjsf] lg;u{ sf] tTsfn

cl3 ufleg] bfloTj afkt v" b cfDbfgLx? ePsf] df ;f]
JolQmn] M
-!_
ufleg] bfloTjsf] lg;u{ afkt ;f] v" b cfDbfgL a/fa/sf] /sd

vr{ u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
t/ uflePsf] ;DklQsf] xsdf ;f] ;DklQ k| fKt ubf{ lghn] vr{ u/] sf]
/sd eGbf a9L x'g' x+'b} g .
-@_
uflePsf] ;DklQsf] :jfldTj wf/0f jf bfloTjsf] ef/ u|x 0f ubf{

pQm /sd a/fa/sf] /sd k|fKt u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt s'/fx?sf] k|l ts" n gx'g] u/L ;f] pkbkmf
b]xfosf cj:yfx?df ;d]t nfu" x' g]5 M
-s_
;f] JolQmn] s' g} ;DklQ k| fKt ug]{ jf laqmL ug]{ sfo{ u/] d f,
-v_
;f] JolQmaf6 k6[ fdf lbOPsf] ;DklQsf] k| flKt u/] df, /
-u_
x:tfGt/0f ul/lng] JolQmaf6 hdfgt lbOPsf] bfloTjsf]

x:tfGt/0f ePdf .
$&s= Joj;fo uflePsf] sf/0fn] x'x'g] lg;u{ ;DaGwL laz]if Aoa:yf M -!_ a}ls tyf ljQLo
Joj;fo jf jLdf Joj;fo ug]{] Ps} k| s[ltsf] lgsfox? cfk;df ufleP/ -dh{ / jf
PSo'lhzg_ ePdf bkmf %& sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -s_, -v_, -3_, -_, -r_ / -5_
tyf pkbkmf -#_ sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5} g .

61
t/, ufleP/ cl:tTjdf g/x]sf] lgsfosf] s'g} sL x' g g;s]s f] gf] S;fgL eP
To:tf] gf]S;fgL bfdf;fxLn] cfufdL ;ft jif{df sL ug'{ kg]{ 5 . o;/L ;dfg ls:tfdf
gf] S;fgL sL ug]{ lgsfo ;f] k' /} gf]S;fgL sL gub}{ k' gM ljefhg ePdf sL ePsf]
gf] S;fgL afkt sL ePsf] /sddf uflePsf] -dh{ / jf PSo'lhzg_ cfly{ s ai{fdf sfod
/x] s f] s/sf] b/n] s/ ltg'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgsfox? ufleO{ ;DklQ / bfloTjsf] lg;u{ ePdf
b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M
-s_
Jofkfl/s df}Hbft tyf Jofj;flos ;DklQsf] lg;u{sf]

xsdf
-!_ lg;u{ sf] tTsfn cl3 ;f] ;DklQ jfkt ePsf] v" b vr{
a/fa/sf] /sd ;f] lg;u{ jfkt ;f] JolQmn] k| fKt u/]sf]
dflgg] 5, /
-@_ pkv08 -!_ df pNn]v eP a/fa/sf] /sd ;DklQ k| fKt
ug]{ JolQmsf] nfut k/] sf] dflgg]5 .
-v_
x|f;of] Uo ;DklQsf] lg;u{s f] xsdf

-!_ lg;u{ x'F bfsf jvt cg' ;"rL@ sf] bkmf $ adf]lhd
;d" xsf] 36\bf] k|0ffnLsf] afFs L d" No a/fa/sf] /sd ;f]
lg;u{ jfkt k| fKt u/] sf] dflgg] 5, /
-@_ pkv08 -!_ df pNn]v eP a/fa/sf] /sd ;DklQ k| fKt
ug]{ JolQmsf] nfut k/] sf] dflgg]5 .
-u_
bfloTjsf] lg;u{sf] xsdf

-!_ lg;u{ sf] tTsfn cl3 ;f] bfloTjsf] ahf/ d" No / v' b
cfDbfgL dWo] h' g 36L x'G 5 ;f] a/fa/sf] /sd lg;u{
jfkt ;f] JolQmsf] nfut k/]s f] dflgg] 5, /
62
-@_ pkv08 -!_ df pNn]v eP a/fa/sf] /sd bfloTj jxg

ug]{ JolQmn] ;f] bfloTj jxg u/] jfkt k|fKt u/]sf]
dflgg] 5 .
-3_
Joj;fo ufEg] lgsfo jf ufleP/ sfod ePsf] lgsfon]

uflePsf] ;DklQ / bfloTjsf] nfut u0fgf ubf{ ufleg]
lgsfoaf6 ;f] uflePsf] Joj;fo ;+ rfng u/]s f avt -dh{/
jf PSo" hL;g cufl8_ sfod /x]s f ;DklQ / bfloTj
jfktsf nfut dfq v08 -s_, -v_ / -u_ adf]l hd u0fgf
ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ufleO{ lg;u{ ePsf] lgsfodf jf ufleP kZrftsf]
lgsfodf sfo{ /t sd{r f/Lx? nfO{ ;fd'l xs ?kdf ;]j f af6 casfz lbg] k| of]hgsf]
nflu ul/g] yk Psd'i6 e' StfgLdf - casfz sf] if dfkm{t ul/g] e' StfgL jf sd{ rf/L
;]jf zt{df pNn] v eP cg' ;f/ ug'k g]{ e'StfgL afx] s sf _ casfz e'StfgLdf s/ sL
ug'{k g]{ b/df krf; k|ltzt 5' 6 lbO{ e'StfgLdf s/ sL ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ufleO{ lg;u{ ePsf] lgsfodf sfod /x] sf
z]o/wgLx?n] cfkmgf] z] o/ uflePsf] b'O{ aif{ leq cfkmgf] z]o / las|Lsf] dfWodaf6
lg;u{ u/] df To;/L lg;u{ ePsf] z] o/df ePsf] nfedf k'lhut nfes/ nfUg] 5}g .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ufleO{ lg;u{ ePsf] lgsfon] uflePsf] ldltn] b' O{ aif{
leq uflePsf] ca:yfdf sfod /x] sf] z] o/wgLnfO{ lat/0f u/] sf] nfefz+ df s/ nfUg]
5}g .
-^_ pkbkmf -!_ cg'; f/ ufleO{ lg;u{ x'g rfxg] lgsfon] @)^* ;fn sflQs
d;fGt leq ufleg] cfzo kq cfGtl/s /fh:j laefudf lbg' kg]{ 5 .
-&_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd uflegsf] nflu cfzo kq lbg] lgsfox?n] ufleO{g]
k|ls|o f @)&) ;fn sflQs d;fGt leq k' /f ug'{ kg]{5 .
63
-*_ pkbkmf -^_ df tf]l sPsf] cjlw leq cfzo kq glbg] lgsfo tyf pkbkmf
-&_ df pNn] v ePsf] ldlt;Dd ufleg] k|ls| of k'/f gu/] sf] lgsfosf] xsdf of] bkmfsf]
Joj:yf nfu" ePsf] dflgg] 5} g .
$*=
ljefhgaf6 x'g] ;DklQ / bfloTjsf] lg;u{ M s' g} JolQmaf6 :jfldTj k| fKt ul/Psf]
s'g} ;DklQ;+ u ;DalGwt clwsf/ jf jxg ul/Psf] bfloTj;+ u ;DalGwt ef/x? s'g}
;DklQ jf ;f] sf] s'g} efusf] k6[fsf] dfWodaf6 ;d] t cGo s'g} JolQmdf l;h{ gf
ePdf b]xfo adf]lhd x' g]5 M
-s_
clwsf/ jf ef/x? :yfoL ePsf] d f ;f] klxnf] JolQmn] ;f]

;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] s'g} efu lg;u{ u/] sf] t/ s' g} gofF
;DklQ jf bfloTj k| fKt gu/]sf] dflgg]5 , /
-v_
clwsf/ jf ef/x? c:yfoL jf ;f+ of]lus ePsf]df ;f] klxnf]

JolQmn] ;f] ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] s'g} efu lg;u{ u/] sf] dflgg]
5}g .
t/ cj:yf cg' ;f/ gofF ;DklQ k| fKt u/] s f] jf gofF bfloTj lnPsf]
dflgg] 5 .
$(=
vr{ tyf cfDbfgLx?sf] afF8kmfF8af6 x'g] lg;u{ M -!_ s'g} JolQmn] b]x fo adf]l hdsf]
cj:yfdf s' g} ;DklQ jf bfloTj k| fKt ubf{ , jxg ubf{ jf lg;u{ ubf{ ul/Psf] vr{
jf cfDbfgLx? cj:yfg' ;f/ k| flKt, jxg jf lg;u{s f] ;dodf ahf/ d" Nosf] cfwf/df
;DklQ / bfloTjx?aLr afF 8kmfF 8 ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_
Ps} ;dodf Ps jf a9L ;DklQ k|fKt u/] df jf Ps jf a9L

bfloTj u|x0f u/] df, jf
-v_
-@_
Ps} ;dodf Ps jf a9L ;DklQ jf bfloTj lg;u{ u/] d f .
s'g} ;DklQsf] :jfldTj wf/0f ug]{ jf bfloTj jxg ug]{ JolQmn] ;f]
;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] s'g} efu lg;u{ u/] d f ;f] lg;u{sf] tTsfn cl3sf] ;f] ;DklQ
jf bfloTjsf] v" b vr{ jf v" b cfDbfgLx?nfO{ lg;u{ ul/Psf] ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf]
efu / afF sL /x]s f] efudf cj:yf cg' ;f/ lg;u{ sf] tTsfnkl5sf] ;f] sf] ahf/
d"Nosf] cfwf/df afF 8kmfF 8 ug'{ kg]{5 .
64
kl/R5]b(
k|fs[lts JolQm ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf
%)=
bDklQ M -!_ afl;Gbf k| fs[l ts JolQm / ;f] JolQmsf] afl;Gbf klt jf kTgL b' j}n]
slnlvt ;" rgf lbP/ s' g} vf; cfo jif{df s/ k| of] hgsf] nflu Pp6} k|fs[l ts
JolQmsf] ?kdf dflgg] u/L 5gf} 6 ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-@_
s'g} cfo jif{ sf] ;DaGwdf pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt Joj:yf 5gf} 6
ug]{ bDktLdWo] klt jf kTgLn] ;f] jif{df a' fpg' kg]{ s/sf] nflu Ps csf]{ k|lt
;+ o'Qm ?kdf / 5'f5' } ?kdf lhDd]j f/ x' g]5 g\ .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ df h'g ;'s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg cfl>tnfO{
e/0f kf]i f0f ug'{ kg]{ jfl;Gbf ljwjf jf ljw" / nfO{ bDktL ;/x dflgg] 5 .
%!=
cf}iflw pkrf/ afkt

afkt s/ ldnfg M -!_ s'g} k| fs[lts afl;Gbf JolQmn] lghsf] nflu
cfkm}+ jf cGo s' g} JolQm dfkm{ t u/] sf]] :jLs[ t cf}i flw pkrf/ vr{sf] nflu s'g} cfo
jif{d f cf}iflw pkrf/ afkt s/ ldnfg ug{ bfjL ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_
s'g} cfo jif{ df k|fs[lts JolQmsf] cf}iflw pkrf/ afkt s/
ldnfgsf] /sd pkbkmf -!_ adf] lhdsf] :jLs[t cf}iflw pkrf/ vr{ /sdsf] kGw|
k|ltztsf] b/n] x'g] /sddf pkbkmf -$_ df plNnlvt s'g} /sd eP ;f] ;d]t
hf] 8L u0fgf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_
pkbkmf -@_ df h' g;'s } s'/f n] lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} cfo jif{df
k|fs[lts JolQmaf6 bfjL ul/Psf] cf}iflw pkrf/ afkt s/ ldnfg /sd

tf]lsPsf] ;LdfeGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
-$_ s'g} cfo jif{df s'g} k|fs[l ts JolQmsf] xsdf b] xfosf xb;Dd
v08 -s_ / -v_ df pNn] v eP adf]l hd a9L ePsf] /sd lhDd] jf/L ;f/L cfufdL
jif{x ?df pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hdsf] /sddf ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg] 5 M
-s_
pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hdsf] /sd pkbkmf -#_ adf]l hdsf]

;LdfeGbf a9L ePdf o:tf] a9L ePsf] /sd, /
cfly{ s P]g, @)^& 4f/f yk .

65
-v_
;f] jif{ d f bkmf # sf] v08 -s_ adf]l hdsf] JolQmn] bflvnf
ug'{ kg]{ s/ /sd sd ePsf] sf/0fn] ;f] JolQmn] cf}i flw
pkrf/ afkt s/ ldnfg pkof] u ug{ g;Sg] xb;Ddsf]
/sd .
:ki6Ls/0f
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|o f] hgsf] nflu :jLs[ t cf}i flw
pkrf/ vr{ eGgfn] tf]lsP adf]l hdsf] :jLs[ t cf}i flw
pkrf/ vr{ ;Dg' k5{ .
kl/R5]b!)
lgsfox?sf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf
%@=
lgsfox?sf ;DaGwdf nfu" x'g] s/sf l;4fGtx? M -!_ s'g} lgsfo s/ bflvnf ug]{
k|of] hgsf] nflu To;sf] lxtflwsf/LeGbf 5' } ?kdf lhDd] j f/ x' g]5 .
-@_
lgsfoaf6 x' g] ljt/0f bkmf %# df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x' g]5 /
To;/L x'g] ljt/0fdf bkmf %$ adf] lhd o;sf lxtflwsf/LnfO{ s/ nufOg]5 .

-#_
lgsfoaf6 k|fKt ul/Psf] /sd / Joxf]l /Psf] vr{ /sd lgsfon]
cGo JolQmsf] nflu k|f Kt u/]sf] jf gu/]sf] jf vr{ Joxf]/]sf] jf gJoxf] /]sf] h]
h:tf] eP klg lgsfon] k|f Kt u/]s f] / Joxf] /]sf] dflgg]5 .
-$_ lgsfosf] :jfldTjdf /x]s f] ;DklQ / jxg ul/Psf bfloTjnfO{
;f]xL lgsfosf] :jfldTj jf ef/df /x]sf] dflgg]5 . o:tf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf]
;DklQ / jxg ul/Psf bfloTjnfO{ cGo s'g} JolQmsf] :jfldTj jf ef/df /x]sf]
dflgg] 5}g .
-%_ lgsfosf] cfosf] nflu To;sf] Joj:yfks, lxtflwsf/L jf lgsfo
hf] ;' s}n] bflvnf u/] sf]] ljb]zL cfos/ ;f] lgsfon] bflvnf u/] s f] dflgg]5 .
-^_
s'g} lgsfo / o;sf Joj:yfks tyf lxtflwsf/LaLrsf] sf/f]af/nfO{
kl/R5] b& / bkmf $% sf] cwLgdf /xL dfGotf lbOg] 5 .

%#=
lgsfoaf6 x'g] ljt/0f

ljt/0 M -!_
lgsfoaf6 x'g] ljt/0fdf b] xfosf s'/fx? ;dfj] z ug'{
kg]{ 5 M
-s_
lgsfoaf6 cfgf] s'g} lxtflwsf/LnfO{ s'g} klg x}l ;otn]

ul/Psf] e' QmfgL, jf
66
-v_
d'gfkmfsf] k"F hLs/0f .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h' g;' s} s'/ f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;f] pkbkmfsf] v08
-s_ df pNn] v ePsf] s' g} e' QmfgL lgDg cj:yfx?df dfq ljt/0f ePsf]
dflgg] 5 M
-s_
lgsfoaf6 k| fKt x'g;Sg] k|l tkmnsf] ;6[ fdf lxtflwsf/Ln]

pQm lgsfonfO{ e' QmfgL u/] s f] /sdeGbf ;f] e'QmfgL a9L
ePdf, /
-v_
;f] e' QmfgLdf lgDg /sdx? ;dfj]z gePdf M
-!_
lxtflwsf/Lsf] cfosf] u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj]z ePsf /sdx?,
-@_
ljt/0fsf] sf/0fn] afx]s clGtd ?kdf s/ sL ePsf]

e' QmfgLx? .
-#_
s'g} lgsfosf] ljt/0fn] ;f] lgsfosf] ;DklQ / bfloTjsf] d"No
36fpg] ePdf dfq To:tf] ljt/0f d' gfkmfsf] ljt/0f jf k"F hLsf] lkmtf{ dflgg] 5 .
-$_ b]xfosf s' g} cj:yfdf s'g} lgsfosf] ljt/0fnfO{ bkmf %% sf]
cwLgdf /xL d'g fkmfsf] ljt/0f dflgg]5 M
-s_
pkbkmf -#_ df plNnlvt lsl;dsf] ljt/0f ePdf /

ljt/0fsf] ;dodf lgsfosf] bfloTjsf] ahf/ d"No tyf
k"F hLs[ t ul/Psf] d'g fkmf ;d] t ;dfj] z ePsf] k+F" hL of] ubfg
/sdsf] hDdf /sdeGbf ;DklQsf] ahf/ d" No adf]l hdsf]
/sd a9L ePdf,
-v_
-%_
d'gfkmfsf] k"F hLs/0f ePdf .
pkbkmf -#_ df plNnlvt ljt/0f d' gfkmfsf] ljt/0f gePsf] xb;Dd
k"F hL lkmtf{ ePsf] dflgg] 5 .

-^_
s'g} lgsfosf] ljt/0f k"F hLsf] lkmtf{ gePsf] xb;Dd ;f] lgsfosf]
nfef+z dflgg] 5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|o f] hgsf] nflu d'g fkmfsf] k"F hLs/0f eGgfn]
af] g ; z]o/ jf o:t} s'g} lxt hf/L u/L k+F"l hs[ t u/]s f] jf ;f] lgsfosf] lxtsf]
67
r' Qmf /sddf a[l 4 u/] s f] jf lgsfosf] lk|ldod tyf k"F hL vftfdf gfkmfnfO{ cfDbfgL
afF w]s f] ;d] tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
%$=
nfef+zsf] s/ M -!_
afl;Gbf lgsfon] ljt/0f u/] sf] nfef+zdf b]xfo adf]l hd
x'g]5 M
-s_
s'g} sDkgLsf] z]o/jfnfnfO{ ljt/0f u/] df clGtd ?kdf s/

sLsf] ljlwn] s/ nfUg]5, /
-v_
-@_
cGo lgsfoxn] ljt/0f u/] df s/ nfUg] 5}g .
s'g} u}/ afl;Gbf lgsfon] s'g} afl;Gbf lxtflwsf/LnfO{ ljt/0f u/]sf]
nfef+znfO{ ;f] lxtflwsf/Lsf] cfosf] u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj] z u/L s/ nfUg]5 .
-#_
pkbkmf -!_ df h' g;' s} s' / f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;f] pkbkmf adf] lhd
s/sL eO{ k|fKt ePsf] nfef+ z ljt/0f u/] df s/ nfUg] 5} g .

-$_
-%_
===============
s'g} lgsfosf] lxtflwsf/Lsf] lxt afkt k|fKt x'g] kl/R5]b *
adf]l hdsf cfDbfgLx?df ;f] lxt afkt s' g} lgsfoaf6 ul/Psf] k"F hLsf] lkmtf{ /sd
;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
t/ lgsfon] ljt/0f u/]s f] nfef+ z ;dfj] z ug'{ kg]{ 5}g .
%%=
lgsfosf] la36g M -!_ s'g} lgsfosf] la36gsf] qmddf lxtx?sf] lg;u{ x'F bf s'g}
lxtflwsf/Ln] kfpg] gfkmfsf] c+z / of] ubfg u/]s f] k"Fl hsf] c+zsf] cg' kftdf u/] sf]
ljt/0fnfO{ lgDg ;a} cj:yfx? k" /f ePdf ;f] lgsfosf] cf+lzs nfef+z / cf+l zs
k"F hLsf] e' QmfgL dflgg]5 .
-s_
k| rlnt sfg"gsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L s'g} lgsfon] cfgf] lxt

vl/b u/]sf] jf s' g} lgsfosf] la36g ePsf] sf/0faf6 ;d] t
;f] lgsfodf /x] sf] lxtsf] vf/] hL, df] rg jf ;dy{gsf]
;DaGwdf To:tf] lgsfoaf6 s' g} ljt/0f ul/Psf] ,

68
-v_
k"0f{ la36g ePsf] df afx] s ;f] lgsfosf] d'g fkmfsf] c+ zdf

lxtflwsf/Lx?sf] clwsf/sf] pko' Qm cg' kftdf ljt/0fsf]
u0fgf gePsf] jf dgfl;j ?kdf x'g g;s] sf] , /
-u_
;f] lg;u{ kl5 ;f] ljt/0f k| fKt ug]{ ;f] lxtflwsf/L ;f]
lgsfo;+ u ;Da4 JolQm gePsf] .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;' s} s'/f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg s'g} lgsfodf
/x]s f] s' g} lxtflwsf/Lsf] lxt ;f] lgsfon] k| rlnt sfg"g adf]l hd dfGotf k| fKt
lwtf] kq lalgdo ahf/ dfkm{t vl/b u/L pQm lxtflwsf/LnfO{ u/] s f] ljt/0fdf ;f]
pkbkmf / bkmf %# sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
%^=
lgsfo / lxtflwsf/LaLrsf] sf/f]af/ M -!_ bkmf $% sf] cwLgdf /xL s' g} lgsfo
tyf ;f] lgsfosf] lxtflwsf/LaLr Ps csf{ df ljt/0fsf] s'g} tl/sf jf cGo s'g}
lsl;dn] ;DklQsf] :jfldTjsf] x:tfGt/0faf6 ;DklQ lg;u{ ePdf b]x fo adf]l hd
x'g]5 M
-s_
;DklQ x:tfGt/0fstf{ n] ;f] ;DklQsf] lg;u{ x'g'eGbf tTsfn

cl3sf] ahf/ d"No ;/xsf] /sd ;f] lg;u{ a f6 k| fKt u/]sf]
dflgg] 5, /
-v_
;DklQ x:tfGt/0f ul/lng] JolQmsf] ;f] ;DklQ k| fKt ubf{

v08 -s_ df pNn] v eP a/fa/sf] /sd nfut k/]sf]
dflgg] 5 .
-@_
bkmf $% sf] cwLgdf /xL s'g} lgsfo / ;f] lgsfosf] s'g}
lxtflwsf/LaLr Ps csf{ df s'g} bfloTjsf] x:tfGt/0faf6 ;f] bfloTjsf] lg;u{

ePdf b]xfo adf]lhd x' g]5 M
-s_
bfloTj x:tfGt/0fstf{sf]
;f] bfloTj lg;u{ x' g'eGbf
tTsfncl3sf] ahf/ d" No ;/xsf] /sd ;f] bfloTj lg;u{

ubf{ nfut k/]s f] dflgg] 5, /
-v_
bfloTj x:tfGt/0f ul/lng] ;f] JolQmn] bfloTj lnF b f v08

-s_ df pNn] v eP a/fa/sf] /sd k| fKt u/] sf] dflgg] 5 .
69
-#_
s'g} lgsfon] s'g} lxtflwsf/LnfO{ nfef+ zsf] ?kdf d' gfkmf afx] ssf]
nfef+z ljt/0f u/] df To:tf] nfef+ zsf] /sdnfO{ ;f] lgsfosf] cfo u0fgf ubf{
;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
t/ tf]lsPsf] s' g} cj:yfdf of] pkbkmfdf pNn] v ul/Psf] s'/f nfu" gx'g]
u/L Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
%&=
lgoGq0fdf kl/jt{g M -!_ s'g} lgsfosf] laut tLg jif{ cl3;Ddsf] :jfldTjsf]
t' ngfdf krf; k|l tzt jf ;f] eGbf a9L :jfldTj kl/jt{g ePdf ;f] lgsfon] cfgf]
:jfldTjsf] ;DklQ jf cfkm" n] jxg u/] sf] bfloTj lg;u{ u/]sf] dflgg] 5 .
-!s=_ pkbkmf -!_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] s'g} lgsfosf] krf; k|ltzt jf
;f]eGbf a9L :jfldTj kl/jt{g sf] u0fgf ug]{ k|o f]hgsf] nflu ;f] lgsfosf] b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] :jfldTjnfO{ dfq ;dfj] z ul/g] 5 M
-s_
;f] lgsfosf] s' n :jfldTjsf] Ps k|l tzt jf ;f] eGbf a9L

:jfldTj u|x 0f ug]{ z]o/jfnfn] u|x 0f u/]sf] :jfldTj, /
-v_
;f] lgsfosf] s' n :jfldTjsf] Ps k|ltzt eGbf sd :jfldTj

u|x0f ug]{ z]o/jfnf dWo] ;f] lgsfosf] s' n :jfldTjsf] Ps
k|ltzt eGbf a9L :jfldTj u|x0f ug]{ z]o/jfnfsf] ;Da4
JolQmn] u|x 0f u/] sf] :jfldTj .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ df pNn] v eP adf]l hd s'g} lgsfosf] :jfldTj kl/jt{g
ePdf To:tf] kl/jt{ g kl5 ;f] lgsfonfO{ b]xfosf sfo{ ug{ cg'dlt lbOg] 5}g M
-s_
:jfldTjsf] kl/jt{g x'g'e Gbf cl3 ;f] lgsfoaf6 vr{

ul/Psf bkmf !$ sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd cufl8 ;fl/Psf]
Aofh sf ug{,
-v_
:jfldTjsf] kl/jt{g x'g' eGbf cl3 ;f] lgsfonfO{ x'g uPsf]

gf]S ;fgL bkmf @) adf]l hd sf ug{ ,

70
-u_
:jfldTjsf kl/jt{g kl5 x'g uPsf] gf]S ;fgLnfO{ bkmf @) sf]

pkbkmf
-$_,
==============adf]l hd
To:tf]
:jfldTjsf]
kl/jt{g cl3sf] s''g} cfo jif{ df k5fl8 n} hfg,

-3_
:jfldTj kl/jt{g x'g' cl3 bkmf @$ sf] pkbkmf -$_ sf] v08
-s_ adf]lhd s'g} /sd jf vr{ afkt lx;fa u/] sf] /
:jfldTjsf] kl/jt{g kl5 ;f] /sd jf vr{s f] bkmf @$ sf]
pkbkmf -$_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]l hd ;RrfPsf]d f bkmf @$ sf]
pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ;dfof] hg ug{ ,
-_
:jfldTjsf] kl/jt{g x'g' cl3 bkmf @% sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf]

v08 -v_ adf]l hd s' g} /sdsf] lx;fa u/]sf] / :jfldTjsf]
kl/jt{g kl5 ;f] /sd k| fKt ug]{ clwsf/ Tofu u/]sf] jf ;f]
/sd s'g} JolQmsf] C0f bfaL ePsf] d f To:tf] JolQmn] pQm
C0fnfO{ 8'a] sf] C0f dfgL ckn] vg u/] df bkmf @% sf]
pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd ;dfof] hg ug{ ,
-r_
:jfldTjsf] kl/jt{g x'g' cl3 ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] lg;u{ ubf{

x'g uPsf] 3f6f :jfldTjsf] kl/jt{g kl5 ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf]
lg;u{af6 k|fKt cfDbfgLdf bkmf #^ adf]lhd 36fpg,
-5_
:jfldTj kl/jt{ g x'g'cl3 bkmf ^) sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08

-v_ sf] pkv08 -!_ adf]l hd lk|l dodsf] lx;fa u/] sf]d f /
:jfldTjsf] kl/jt{g kl5 To:tf] lk|l dod laldtnfO{ lkmtf{
lbPdf ;f] adf]l hd vr{ bfaL ug{ , jf
-h_
:jfldTj kl/jt{g x'g'cl3 ljb]zL cfosf ;DaGwdf bflvnf

u/] s f]] s/nfO{ bkmf &! sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]l hd cfufdL
jif{d f ;fg{ .
-#_
s'g} lgsfosf] :jfldTjdf s'g} cfo jif{ df pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt
lsl;dn] kl/jt{g ePdf ;f] cfo jif{ sf] :jfldTj kl/jt{ g cl3 / kl5sf] efux?nfO{
5'6[f5' 6[} cfo jif{ x?sf] ?kdf dflgg]5 .
cfly{s P]g, @)^& 4f/f lemlsPsf] .

71
%*= nfef+z s/ 36fpg glbg] Joj:yf M -!_ s' g} lgsfon] b]xfosf] ;a} cj:yfx sfod
/fvL u/]sf] k| aGwnfO{ nfef+ z s/ 36fpg u/]sf] k|aGw dflgg]5 M
-s_
;f] lgsfosf] ;+l rt, rfn" jf ck]lIft d'gfkmf ePdf,
-v_
lxt k| fKt ug]{ s'g} JolQmn] ;f] lgsfosf] s' g} lxt k| fKt u5{
/ ;f] lxt k| fKtstf{ jf lghsf] ;Da4 JolQmn] ;f] lgsfosf]
xfnsf] jf ;flassf] lxtflwsf/LnfO{ jf lghsf] ;Da4
JolQmnfO{ lxt k|flKt;+ u ;DalGwt eP jf gePklg / lxt
k| flKtsf] ;dodf e' QmfgL eP jf gePklg s'g} e'QmfgL
u/] s f]df,
-u_
;f] e'QmfgL k"0 f{ jf cf+l zs ?kdf lgsfosf] d'g fkmfdf

k|ltlalDat ePdf, /
-3_
;f] lgsfon] ;f] lxt k|fKtstf{ nfO{ nfef+ z ljt/0f u/] sf] d f /
;f] nfef+zn] k"0 f{ jf cf+lzs ?kn] ;f] d' gfkmfnfO{ ;dfj]z
u/] d f .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd ul/Psf] nfef+z s/ 36fpg] k|aGw cGtu{ t s' g}
lgsfoaf6 nfef+z ljt/0f ul/Psf]d f ;f] k|aGwnfO{ b] xfo;/x ePsf] dflgg]5 M
-s_
lxt k| fKtstf{ jf lghsf] ;Da4 JolQmn] u/] sf] e' QmfgLnfO{

;f] JolQmn] u/] s f] e' QmfgL gdfgL ;f] lgsfon] v08 -v_ df
plNnlvt ;flas jf xfnsf] lxtflwsf/LnfO{ nfef+ z ljt/0f
u/] ;/x dflgg]5 .
-v_
;f] lgsfoaf6 lxt k| fKtstf{ nfO{ ljt/0f ul/Psf] nfef+z

v08 -s_ df plNnlvt nfef+ zaf6 ;f] e' QmfgL elgPsf] /sd
36fO{ x'g cfpg] /sd a/fa/ ePsf] dflgg]5 .
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .

72
kl/R5]b !!
a}+ls / ladf Joj;fo ;DaGwL ljz]i f Joj:yf
%(=
a}+ls Joj;fo M -!_ a}+ls Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{ s'g} JolQmsf] s'g} cfo jif{df
;f] Joj;foaf6 k|fKt x'g] cfo jf gf] S;fgLsf] u0fgf ubf{ ;f] JolQmn] ;~rfng
u/] s f] cGo Joj;fo eGbf a}+l s Joj;fonfO{ leGg Joj;fosf] ?kdf dfgL 5}
u0fgf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!s=_ g] kfn /fi6 a}+ sn] tf] s]sf] dfkb08sf] cwLgdf /xL a}ls Aoj;fo
;~rfng ug]{ JolQmn] hf]]l vd Joxf] g]{ sf]i fdf /fv] sf] c;' n x'g afFs L C0f /sdsf]
a9Ldf kfF r k|l tzt;Ddsf] /sdnfO{ vr{sf] kdf sL ul/g] 5 . o;/L hf]l vd
Joxf]g]{ sf]if sfod /x]s f] cj:yfdf gp7\ g] cf;fdL egL d'g fkmfaf6 vr{ n]lvPdf
ldGxf x'g] 5}g / ;f] sf]i fdf /x] s f] /sd k"Fl hs[ t ul/Pdf jf d'gfkmf jf nfef+z
afF 8kmfF 8 ul/Pdf h'g jif{ afF 8kmfF 8 ul/Psf]5 ;f] xL jif{sf] cfodf ;dfj] z ul/g] 5 .
-@_
==================
-#_
^)=
====================
;fdfGo ladf Joj;fo M -!_ ;fdfGo ladf Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{ s'g} JolQmsf]
s'g} cfo jif{df ;f] Joj;foaf6 k| fKt x'g] cfo jf gf]S ;fgL u0fgf ubf{ ;f] JolQmn]
;~rfng u/] sf] cGo Joj;fo eGbf ladf Joj;fonfO{ leGg Joj;fosf] ?kdf dfgL
5'6[} u0fgf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_
;fdfGo ladf Joj;fo ug]{ s'g} JolQmsf] s'g} cfo jif{ sf] cfosf]
u0fgf ubf{ b] xfo adf] l hd ug'{ kg]{ 5 M

-s_
cfotkm{ o; P]g adf]lhd ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{ s'g} cGo

/sdx?sf cltl/Qm b]xfosf /sdx? klg ;dfj] z ug'{
kg]{ 5 M
-!_
;f] JolQmn] ;f] jif{ df ;f] Joj;fo ;~rfng u/L k|fKt u/]sf]
k'gla{dfsf] lk|ldod nufot ladfsf] lk|ldod afktsf] /sd,
/


73
-@_
k'gla{df, hdfgt, ;' /If0f jf Ifltk"l t{ sf] s' g} s/f/ afkt

v08 -v_ sf] pkv08 -!_ adf]l hdsf e' QmfgLaf6 ;f] jif{df
k| fKt /sdx? .
-v_
vr{ tkm{ o; P]g adf]l hd sf ug{ kfpg] /sdsf cltl/Qm

b]xfosf /sdx? klg sf ug{ kfpg]5 M
-!_
;f] Joj;fo ;~rfng ubf{ ;f] JolQmaf6 ladssf] x}l ;otdf

;f] jif{d f ul/Psf] e' QmfgLx?, /
-@_
;f] jif{ jf ljut jif{ d f ;f] Joj;foaf6 ePsf] cfo u0fgf

ubf{ v08 -s_ sf] pkv08 -!_ adf]lhd ;dfj]z ul/Psf ;f]
jif{d f ladLtnfO{ lkmtf{ lbOPsf lk|l dodx? .
-#_
hf]lvd Joxf]g]{ sf] ifdf /fv] s f] b] xfo adf]lhdsf] /sdsf]

of]uM
-s_
s'g} jif{ sf] gfkmf gf]S ;fg lx;fadf b] vfOPsf] v' b aLdf
z'Nssf] %) k|l tzt;Ddsf] /sd, /
-v_
s'g} jif{sf] cGTodf bfaL e' QmfgL afkt afF sL /sdsf]] !!%
k|ltzt;Ddsf] /sd .
t/ o; pkv08 adf]l hd s'g} jif{ vr{s L lnPsf] /sd cfufdL cfo

jif{d f aLdf Joj;fosf] cfo u0fgf ubf{ cfodf ;dfj]z
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_
===========
-$_
^!=
====================
nufgL ladf Joj;fo M -!_
nufgL ladf Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{ s'g} JolQmsf]
s'g} cfo jif{d f ;f] Joj;foaf6 k|fKt x'g] cfo jf gf]S;fgLsf] u0fgf ubf{ ;f]
JolQmn] ;~rfng u/] s f] cGo Joj;fo eGbf nufgL ladf Joj;fonfO{ leGg
Joj;fosf] ?kdf dfgL 5' } u0fgf ug'{ kg]{ 5 .


74
-@_
nufgL ladf Joj;fo ug]{ s'g} JolQmsf] s'g} cfo jif{ sf] cfo u0fgf
ubf{ b]x fo adf]l hd ug'{ kg]{ 5 M

-s_
b]xfosf /sdx? afx]s o; P] g adf]l hd ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg]

cGo /sdx? ;dfj]z ug]{ M
-!_
;f] JolQmn] ;f] Joj;fo ;~rfng ubf{ lk|l dod nufot ladf
lk|ldod afktsf] ?kdf ;f] cfo jif{df k| fKt u/]sf]
k'gla{dfsf] /sd, /
-@_
k'gla{df, hdfgt, ;'/If0f jf Ifltk"lt{s f] s' g} s/f/ afktsf]

v08 -v_ sf] pkv08 -!_ adf]l hdsf] e' QmfgLaf6 ;f] jif{df
k| fKt /sdx? .
-v_
b]xfosf /sdx? afx]s o; P]g adf]l hd sL ug{ ;lsg]

cGo /sdx? sL ug]{ M
-!_
s'g} JolQmn] ladssf] x}l ;otdf pQm Joj;fo ;~rfng ubf{

u/] s f] e' QmfgLx?, /
-@_
aLldtnfO{ lkmtf{ ePsf] v08 -s_ sf] pkv08 -!_ df

plNnlvt lk|ldod .
-#_
pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -s_ sf] pkv08 -!_ / -@_ tyf
v08 -v_ sf] pkv08 -!_ / -@_ df plNnlvt /sdx?
;f] JolQmsf] ;Dklt jf bfloTj afktsf cfDbfgL /
vr{ dflgg] 5} g .
-$_ s'g} JolQmsf] nufgL ladf Joj;fosf] nufgL ladf

;Df} tf ;f] JolQmsf] ;DklQ tyf bfloTj dflgg] 5} g .
^@=
ladfaf6 k|fKt /sd M -!_ s'g} JolQmsf] cfosf] u0fgf ug]{ k|of] hgsf] nflu ;f]
AolQmn] ladfaf6 k| fKt u/] sf] /sdsf] ;DaGwdf bkmf #! Dff pNn] v eP adf]l hd
x'g]5 .
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .

75
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ df h'g ;' s} s'/ f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg nufgL ladfaf6
k| fKt nfe ;DaGwdf b]x fo adf]l hd x'g]5 M

-s_
afl;Gbf JolQmn] To:tf] /sd e' QmfgL u/] s f] cj:yfdf ladLt

pk/ clGtd ?kdf x'g] s/ s{ Lf/f s/ nufOg]5, /
-v_
u}/ afl;Gbf JolQmn] To:tf] /sd e' QmfgL u/]sf] cj:yfdf

laldtsf] cfodf ;f] /sd ;dfj]z u/L u0fgf ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of] hgsf] nflu nufgL ladfaf6

k| fKt nfe eGgfn] ;f] ladfsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} JolQmn] nufgL
ladf afkt k|fKt u/]s f] e' QmfgL ;f] JolQmn] lt/]sf]
lk|ldodeGbf a9L ePhltsf] /sdnfO{ ;Dg' k5{ .
kl/R5]b!@
cjsfz art ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf
^#=
cjsfz sf]ifsf] :jLs[lt M -!_ cjsfz sf]i f /fVg rfxg] afl;Gbf JolQmn] cjsfz
sf]i f /fVg] :jLs[ltsf] nflu ljefu ;dIf lgj] bg lbPdf ljefun] tf]lsP adf]l hd
:jLs[l t k| b fg ug]{5 .
t/ gful/s nufgL sf]i f P]g , @)$& adf]l hd :yfkgf ePsf] gful/s
nufgL sf]i fn] cjsfz sf]if /fVg rfx]d f To:tf] sf]ifn] / sd{ rf/L ;~ro sf]if P] g,
@)!( adf]l hd :yfkgf ePsf] sd{ rf/L ;~ro sf]i fn] cjsfz sf]if ;~rfng u/] df
To:tf] sf]ifsf] nflu :jLs[l t lng' kg]{ 5}g .
-@_
:jLs[t cjsfz sf]ifsf] lxtflwsf/L k|fs[l ts JolQmn] s'g} cfo
jif{d f ;f] sf]ifdf u/]s f] cjsfz of]ubfg cfgf] s/of]Uo
cfosf] u0fgf ubf{
36fO{ kfpg bfjL ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-#_
pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;f] pkbkmf
adf]l hd s'g} cfo jif{df s' g} JolQmaf6 36fO{ kfpg bfaL ul/Psf] /sd tf]l sPsf]
cjsfz of] ubfgsf] ;LdfeGbf a9L x'g] 5} g .

cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .
76
^$=
cjsfz sf]ifdf s/ M -!_ cjsfz sf]ifsf] cfo lgwf{/0f ug]{ k| of] hgsf] nflu o;
P]g adf]l hd ;dfj]z x'g] jf sL x'g] /sdx? sf]i fsf] cfo u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj]z jf
sL ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
t/
-s_
;f] sf]i fdf k| fKt of] ubfg ;f] sf]i fsf] cfDbfgL x'g] 5} g /
To:tf of] ubfgnfO{ u0fgfdf ;dfj]z ul/g] 5}g .
-v_
cjsfz e' QmfgLx? ;f] sf]i fsf] vr{ x' g] 5} g / To:tf

e' QmfgLnfO{ cfosf] u0fgf ubf{ sL ug{ kfO{g] 5}g .
-u_
s'g} lxtflwsf/Lsf] cjsfz sf]ifdf /x]s f] lxt ;f] sf]i fsf]

bfloTj x'g] 5}g .
-@_
:jLs[t cjsfz sf]ifsf] cfodf s/ nfUg] 5}g .
-#_
s'g} :jLs[t cjsfz sf]if To:tf] sf]ifsf] ?kdf g/x] df To:tf]
sf]ifn] v08 -s_ adf]l hdsf] /sdaf6 v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] /sd 36fO{ x'g]
/sddf cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf @ sf] pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt s/sf] b/ cg' ;f/
x'g cfpg] /sd s/ a' fpg' kg]{ 5 M
-s_
;f] sf]i faf6 :jLs[t cjsfz sf]i fsf] ?kdf :jLs[lt k| fKt
u/] s f] ldltb]l v dfGotf ;dfKt ePsf] ldlt;Ddsf] cjlwaLr
;f] sf]i fdf hDdf ePsf] ;a} cjsfz of]ubfgx? / pkbkmf
-@_ nfu" gePsf] eP s/of]Uo cfo dflgg] ;a} cfo /sd,
-v_
;f] sf]i faf6 :jLs[t cjsfz sf]i fsf] ?kdf :jLs[lt k| fKt
u/] s f] ldltb]l v dfGotf ;dfKt ePsf] ldlt;Ddsf] cjlwaLr
;f] sf]i fn] e' QmfgL lbPsf] ;a} cjsfz e' QmfgL /sd .
^%=
cjsfz e'QmfgLx? M -!_ s'g} k| fs[l ts JolQmsf] s' g} :jLs[t cjsfz sf]ifdf /x] sf]
lxtaf6 ePsf
jf g] kfn ;/sf/af6 ePsf] cjsfz e' QmfgL] cfo u0fgf ug]{
k|of] hgsf] nflu b]x fo adf]l hd x'g]5 M
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .

77
-s_
;f] sf]i fdf /x] sf] lxt afkt ;f] sf]i fn] u/] sf cjsfz
e' QmfgLx?nfO{ cfodf ;dfj] ; ug'{ kg]{ 5 , /
-v_
v08 -s_ df h'g;'s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg olb To:tf]

e' QmfgL Psd'i7 ?kdf ul/Psf] 5 eg] o;/L ul/Psf] e'QmfgL
/sdaf6 ;f] e' QmfgL /sdsf] krf; k|ltzt jf kfF r nfv
?k}o fFdWo] h'g a9L x' G5 ;f] /sd 36fO{ x'g] e" QmfgLnfO{ ;f]
k| fs[l ts JolQmsf] u}/ Jofj;flos s/of] Uo ;DklQsf]
lg;u{af6 k|fKt nfe dflgg] 5 .
-@_
s'g} k| fs[l ts JolQmsf] s'g} :jLs[l t glnPsf] cjsfz sf]ifdf /x]sf]
lxtaf6 ePsf] nfe u0fgf ug]{ k| of] hgsf nflu b]x fo adf]l hd x'g] 5 M
-s_
afl;Gbf JolQmaf6 /sd e' QmfgL ul/Psf] d f clGtd ?kdf x'g]

s/ sLsf]] ?kdf ;f] lxtflwsf/L pk/ ;f] /sddf s/
nfUg]5, /
-v_
u}/ afl;Gbf JolQmn] /sd e'QmfgL u/]s f] d f ;f] lxtflwsf/Lsf]

cfo u0fgf ubf{ ;f] /sd ;dfj] z ug'{ kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of] hgsf] nflu :jLs[l t glnPsf]

cjsfz sf]ifdf /x]sf] lxt afkt ePsf] nfe eGgfn]
:jLs[l t glnPsf] cjsfz sf]i fnfO{ ;f] sf]i fdf /x] sf] lxt
afkt lxtflwsf/L k| fs[l ts JolQmaf6 a'fOPsf] cjsfz
of] ubfgx?sf] /sdeGbf ;f] sf]i faf6 ;f] JolQmsf] lxt afkt
;f] JolQmnfO{ ul/Psf] cjsfz e' QmfgL a9L eP o:tf] a9L
eP hltsf] /sd ;Dg' k5{ .
t/ lxtflwsf/Lsf] of] ubfg gx' g] s'g} sf]if -gg\
sG6 La' 6/L km08_ af6 ePsf] e'QmfgLnfO{ :jLs[l t glnPsf]
cjsfz sf]i fdf /x]s f] lxt afkt ePsf] nfe dflgg] 5}g .
^^=
=======================
cfly{s P] g, @)^& 4f/f vf/] h .

78
kl/R5]b!#
cGt/f{li6o s/
^&=
cfosf] ;|f]t, gf]S;fgL, nfe / e'QmfgL

mfg M -!_ s'g} JolQmsf] s'g} /f] huf/L, Joj;fo jf
nufgLaf6 ePsf]] cfosf] ;| f]tdf v08 -v_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf v08 -s_ df
plNnlvt /sd a9L ePsf] eP To:tf] a9L ePsf] /sdsf] xb;Dd g] kfndf /x] sf]
;| f]t dflgg]5 .
-s_
;f] cfo u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj] z ul/Psf g] kfndf ;|f]t ePsf

/sdx?,
-v_
;f] cfo u0fgf ubf{ sL ul/Psf g] kfndf ;| f]t ePsf

/sdx? .
-@_
s'g} JolQmsf] s' g} Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 x'g uPsf] gf] S;fgLdf v08
-v_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf v08 -s_ df plNnlvt /sd a9L ePsf] eP To:tf]
a9L ePsf] /sdsf] xb;Dd g] kfndf /x] sf] ;|f]t dflgg] 5 .
-s_
;f] Joj;fo jf nufgLsf] cfo u0fgf ubf{ sL ul/g]

g]kfndf ;| f]t ePsf /sdx?,
-v_
;f] cfo u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj] z ul/Psf g] kfndf ;|f]t ePsf

/sdx? .
-#_
cfo u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj]z ul/g] /sdsf] b]xfosf] cj:yfdf g] kfndf
;| f]t ePsf] dflgg]5 M

-s_
g]kfndf ;|f]t /x] s f ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] lg;u{ af6 k| fKt

nfeaf6 g] kfndf ;| f]t /x]s f] ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] lg;u{a f6
x'g uPsf] gf]S;fgL 36fO{ x'g cfpg] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -@_
sf] v08 -u_ jf bkmf ( sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -v_
adf]l hdsf v" b nfe,
-v_
g]kfndf /x]sf ;DklQ jf g] kfndf axg ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj

;dfj]z ePsf] d f bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -3_ jf
bkmf ( sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -u_ df pNn] v eP
adf]l hd cfo u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj]z ul/g] nfe / /sdx?,
79
-u_
v08 -s_ / -v_ sf] cwLgdf /xL g] kfndf ;|f]t /x]s f k| fKt
e' QmfgLx? .
-$_ g]kfndf /x]sf ;DklQ jf g]kfndf axg ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj ;dfj]z
ePsf]df ;f] ;DklQ jf bfloTjsf] lg;u{ af6 x'g uPsf] nfe jf gf]S;fgLsf] ;|f]t
g]kfndf /x]sf] dflgg] 5 .
-%_ cfo lgwf{ /0f ubf{ sL ul/Psf /sdx?df b] xfosf /sdx? ;dfj]z
ePsf] df To:tf /sdx?sf] ;| f]t g]kfndf ePsf] dflgg] 5 M
-s_
g]kfndf /x]sf ;DklQx?sf ;DaGwdf bkmf !% sf] pkbkmf

-!_ df plNnlvt nfutsf] vr{ sL ug{ kfpg] /sd,
-v_
g]kfndf /x] sf ;DklQsf ;DaGwdf bkmf !^ sf] pkbkmf -!_

adf]l hdsf vr{x? tyf bkmf !( adf]lhd sL ug{ kfpg]
xb;Ddsf vr{ /sdx?, /
-u_
v08 -s_ / -v_ sf cwLgdf /xL g] kfndf ;| f]t /x]sf

e' QmfgLx? .
-^_
b]xfosf e'QmfgLx?sf] ;| f]t g] kfndf /x] sf] dflgg]5 M

-s_
afl;Gbf lgsfoaf6 e' QmfgL lbOPsf] nfef+z x?,
-v_
afl;Gbf JolQmaf6 ltl/Psf] Aofh,
-u_
g]kfndf /x] sf] hldgaf6 k| fKt k| fs[l ts ;| f]tsf ;DaGwdf

ul/Psf] jf To:tf] ;| f]tsf] ;Gbe{ df u0fgf ul/Psf] k| fs[l ts
;| f]t afktsf] e' QmfgL,
-3_
g]kfndf /x] sf s'g} ;DklQsf] k| of] u afkt e' QmfgL ul/Psf]

jxfn /sd,
-_
s'g} AolQmn] g] kfndf /x] sf s' g} ;DklQsf] k|o f] u s;} nfO{ ug{
lbP afkt jf ;DklQ k|of] u ug{ clwsf/ jf To:tf] ;DklQ
k|of] u gug]{ aGb] h dfg] afkt k| fKt u/] sf] /f] oN6L,
-r_
s'g} JolQmaf6 g]kfndf /x]s f] hf]lvdsf] ladf ;DaGwdf

e' QmfgL ul/Psf] ;fwf/0f ladf afktsf] /sd / ;f] JolQmnfO{
;fwf/0f ladf afkt a' fOPsf] lk|l dod,
80
-5_
s'g} JolQmn] cGt/ rnfg -6 fG;l;kd] G 6_ u/] s f] kl/df0f:j?k

afx]s g] kfndf :yn, ;fd'lb| s jf xjfO{ oftfoft jf rf6{/
;] jf Joj;fo ;~rfng u/L b]x fo adf]l hd k| fKt u/]sf]
e' QmfgL M
-!_
-@_
k| :yfg ug]{ ofq'x ?sf] cf] ;f/ k;f/ ug]{ , jf
8fs, kz' k+I fL jf cGo k|ToIf rn ;DklQ rnfg
-h_
ug]{] .
tf/, /]l 8of], clK6sn kmfO{ j/ jf e" pku| x h:tf ;~rf/sf]

dfWodaf6 va/ jf ;" rgf ;Dk|]i f0f ug]{ Joj;fo ;~rfng
ug]{ JolQmn] To:tf va/ jf ;" rgf g] kfndf pTklQ ePsf] jf
gePsf] h] ePklg g] kfndf :yflkt ;+oGqx?af6 va/ jf
;" rgfsf] ;Dk|]i f0fsf ;DaGwdf ;f] JolQmn] k| fKt u/]sf]
e' QmfgL,
-_
/f] huf/ ug{ jf ;] j f k|b fg ug{ jf ;f] sfo{x?df aGb] h dfg]

afkt v08 -5_ jf -h_ df pNn] v gul/Psf lsl;dsf ;]jf
z'Ns nufotsf b]x fosf cj:yfsf e' QmfgLx? M
-!_
-@_
-`_
e' QmfgLsf] :yfg hxfF;'s} eP klg g]kfndf ;f] sfo{x? ePdf, jf
/f] huf/ hxfF ;'s} eP klg g]kfn ;/sf/n] e'QmfgL lbg] ePdf .
afl;Gbf JolQmaf6 e'QmfgL ul/Psf v08 -_ leq gkg]{
jflif{ s j[lQsf] /sd, nufgL ladf afktsf] /sd / cjsfz
e' QmfgLsf] /sd tyf To:tf] /sdx? ;'lglZrt ug{ afl;Gbf
JolQmnfO{ lbPsf] s'g} lk|l dod jf cGo e' QmfgL,
-6_
g]kfndf /x]sf] ;DklQaf6 ;~rflnt Joj;fo jf nufgLsf

;DaGwdf k| fKt ul/Psf pkxf/x?, /
-7_
dfly v08 -s_, -v_, -u_, -3_, -_, -r_, -5_, -h_, -_, -`_
/ -6_ df pNn] v eP afx] s sf b]xfosf e' QmfgLx? M
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .

81
-!_
g]kfndf /x] sf] ;DklQsf] lg;u{sf] ;DaGwdf jf g] kfndf axg

ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj k| fKt ug]{ ;DaGwdf ul/Psf e' QmfgLx?, jf
-@_
-&_
g]kfndf ;~rflnt lqmofsnfksf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf e' QmfgLx? .
dflysf pkbkmfx?df n]lvP adf]l hd g] kfndf ;| f]t ePsf dflgg]
afx]s s' g} cfo, gf] S ;fgL, /sd, nfe jf e' QmfgLnfO{ ljb]zL ;| f]t ePsf] dflgg]5 /
To:tf] cfo, gf]S ;fgL, /sd, nfe jf e'QmfgLsf] ;| f]t s'g ljb]zL d' n'sdf /x]sf] 5
eGg] s'/ f osLg ug]{ k|o f] hgsf nflu o; P]g df g] kfn egL pNn] v ePsf ;Gbe{ x?
s'g} vf; ljb] zL d' n'ssf] xsdf pNn] v ePsf] ;Gbe{ ;/x dfgL nfu" x' g]5g\ .

-s_
g] kfndf /x] sf] ;DklQ eGgfn] g] kfndf /x] s f hUuf hdLg

jf ejgx? tyf afl;Gbf JolQmsf] s' g} ljb] zL /fi6d f /x]sf
hUuf hldg jf ejg afx] ssf ;DklQ jf ;f] JolQm bkmf ^(
adf]l hd lgolGqt ljb]zL lgsfo ;+ u ;Da4 /x]df ;f]
lgsfodf /x]sf] lghsf] lxt ;d] t ;Dg' k5{ .
-v_
g] kfndf axg ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj eGgfn] afl;Gbf JolQmsf]

bfloTj ;Dg' k5{ .
^*=
ljb]z L :yfoL ;+:yfkgx? M -!_ bkmf # df h' g ;'s} s'/f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg o;
P]gsf cGo Joj:yfx?sf] cwLgdf /xL u}/ afl;Gbf JolQmsf] g] kfnl:yt s'g} ljb] zL
:yfoL ;+: yfkgsf] cfodf nfUg] s/ bflvnf ug{] lhDd] jf/L ;f] xL ;+ :yfkgsf] x' g]5 .
-@_
ljb] zL :yfoL ;+ : yfkgsf] cfoaf6 bkmf ^( adf]l hd ;f] ;+ : yfkgsf]
:jfldTj ePsf] JolQmsf] cfo 5' 6\o fpg' kg]{ 5 .

-#_
u}/ afl;Gbf JolQmsf] g] kfnl:yt ljb]zL :yfoL ;+ : yfkgn] ljb]z
k7fPsf] cfodf bkmf # sf] v08 -v_ df pNn] v eP adf]l hdsf] :yfoL ;+:yfkg
pk/ s/ nfUg]5 .
-$_ u}/ afl;Gbf JolQmsf] g] kfnl:yt ljb] z L :yfoL ;+ : yfkgn] s'g} cfo
jif{d f ljb] z k7fPsf] cfo ;f] ljb]zL :yfoL ;+: yfkgn] ;f] jif{ df ljt/0f u/]sf]
nfef+z /sd a/fa/ x'g]5 .
82
^(=
lgolGqt ljb]zL lgsfox? M -!_s'g} lgsfon] s' g} cfo jif{ sf] cGTodf lgolGqt
ljb] zL lgsfosf] ?kdf ;f] lgsfon] ;f] jif{ df ePsf] ;Dj4 cfosf] nfef+ z ljt/0f
u/]] d f cfgf lxtflwsf/Lx?nfO{ ;dfg' kftdf b]xfo adf]l hd nfef+z ljt/0f u/] sf]
dflgg] 5 M
-s_
nfef+z ljt/0f ubf{ ;f] cfodf /xg] ;f] lxtflwsf/Lx?sf]

clwsf/ cg' ;f/, jf
-v_
tL clwsf/x? dgfl;a ?kdf lglZrt gePdf ljefun]

kl/l:ylt cg' ?k pko' Qm 7fg]s f] tl/sf cg' ;f/ .
-@_
s'g} cfo jif{s f] cGTodf lgolGqt ljb]z L lgsfosf] ?kdf /x]sf]
lgsfoaf6 ;f] cfo jif{df pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd afx]s ljt/0f ul/Psf
nfef+zx?df s/ nfUg] 5}g .
-#_
nfef+z ljt/0fsf] ;dodf lgolGqt ljb]z L lgsfo;+ u ;Da4
/x]s f lxtflwsf/Lx?nfO{ ;f] lgsfoaf6 pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd ljt/0f ul/Psf]

dflgg] nfef+zsf] ;DaGwdf b] xfo adf] lhd ePsf] dflgg]5 M
-s_
;f] lgsfosf] ;Da4 cfosf] lsl;d / ;|f]t ;/xsf]

ljz]iftf ePsf], /
-v_
;f] lgsfosf] ;Da4 cfosf] k|To]s lsl;d / ;|f] t

dWo]af6 ;dfg' kflts ?kdf ljt/0f u/]s f] .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf] lhd ljt/0f ul/Psf] dflgg] /sdsf ;DaGwdf
pkbkmf -%_ jf bkmf %@ sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]l hd bflvnf ul/Psf] dflgg] ;d] t
s'g} lgolGqt ljb]z L lgsfoaf6 bflvnf ul/Psf] s'g} s/ ;f] lgsfo;+u ;Da4
lxtflwsf/Lsf nflu 5' 6\ofpg' kg]{ 5 .
-%_
afF 8kmfF 8sf] ;dodf pkbkmf -$_ adf]l hd 5' 6\ofOPsf] s/
lxtflwsf/Ln] bflvnf u/]s f] dflgg]5 / To:tf] s/sf nflu lxtflwsf/Ln] bkmf &!
df Joj:yf ul/P adf]l hd s/ ldnfg ug]{ ;'l jwf kfpg ;Sg]5 .
-^_
ljt/0fsf] ;dodf pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd lxtflwsf/LnfO{ ljt/0f
ul/Psf] dflgg] /sdnfO{ ;f] k|fks lxtflwsf/Lsf] ;f] ljt/0f ug]{ lgsfodf lxtsf]
?kdf /x] sf] s'g} ;DklQ jf bfloTj afktsf] vr{ d f ;dfj] z ug'{ kg]{5 .
83
-&_
ljt/0fsf]
;dodf
pkbkmf
-@_
adf]lhd
s/
5' 6 kfpg]
lxtflwsf/LnfO{ ljt/0f ul/Psf] nfef+znfO+{ k| fks lxtflwsf/Lsf] ;f] ljt/0f ug]{

lgsfodf lxtsf] ?kdf /x] sf] s' g} ;DklQ jf bfloTj afktsf] cfDbfgLdf ;dfj]z
ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-*_
o; P]g sf] k|o f] hgsf] nflu bflvnf u/] s f] ljb] zL cfos/nfO{ jf
pkbkmf -%_ jf bkmf %@ sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]l hd s'g} lgolGqt ljb]z L lgsfon]
bflvnf u/] ;/x dflgPsf] ljb]z L cfos/nfO{ ;f] lgsfon] o; P]g adf]l hd bflvnf
u/] s f] jf bflvnf u/] ;/x dflgPsf] s/ /sd dflgg]]5 .

-s_
;Da4 cfo eGgfn] s' g} cfo jif{ d f s' g} lgolGqt ljb]zL

lgsfosf] s/of]Uo cfo u0fgf ubf{ ;f] lgsfonfO{ afl;Gbf
lgsfo eP ;/x dfgL u0fgf ul/Psf] s/of]Uo cfo ;Dg'
k5{ .
-v_
lgolGqt ljb] z L lgsfo eGgfn] s'g} cfo jif{d f s'g}

afl;Gbf JolQmsf] k| ToIf ?kdf jf Ps jf a9L dWo:y u}/
afl;Gbf lgsfox?sf] dfWodaf6 ck| ToIf ?kdf lxt /x]sf]
s'g} u}/ afl;Gbf lgsfonfO{ hgfpF5 / ;f] JolQm ;f]
lgsfo;+ u ;Da4 /x]sf] 5 jf ;f] ;Da4 dflgg] JolQm tyf
s'g} cGo a9Ldf rf/ afl;Gbf JolQmx? ;f] lgsfo;+ u ;Da4
ePsf] eP To:tf] lgsfonfO{ klg lgolGqt ljb] zL lgsfo
;Dg' k5{ .
&)=
g]kfndf hn ofqf, xjfO{ oftfoft jf b"/ ;~rf/ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] u}/
afl;GbfnfO{ nfUg] s/ M -!_
hn ofqf ;~rfng, rf6{/ ;] jf ;~rfng jf xjfO{
oftfoft ;~rfng ug]{ u}/ afl;Gbf JolQmsf] s'g} cfo jif{ s f] s/of]Uo cfodf ;f]
jif{d f cGt/ rnfg -6fG;l;kd] G 6_ af6 k| fKt /sd afx]s b]x fosf sfo{x ?af6 k| fKt
/sdx? ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{ 5 M
-s_
g]kfnaf6 k| : yfg x'g] ofq'x ?sf] cf] ;f/ k;f/, jf

84
-v_
g]kfnaf6 rnfg ul/Psf] 8fFs, kz' k+IfL jf dfn;fdfgsf]

cf] ;f/ k;f/ .
-@_
tf/, /]l 8of] , clK6sn kmfOj/ jf e" pku|x ;~rf/sf] Joj;fo
;~rfng ug]{ u}/ afl;Gbf JolQmsf] s'g} cfo jif{sf] s/of] Uo cfodf g] kfndf
:yflkt ;+o Gqaf6 ul/Psf] g] kfndf pTklQ ePsf] jf gePsf] va/ jf ;" rgfsf]
;Dk|]i f0faf6 k|fKt /sdx? ;dfj] z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_
pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]l hd s'g} u}/ afl;Gbf JolQmsf] s/of] Uo
cfodf ;dfj]z ul/g] /sdx?df cg' ;"rL! sf] bkmf @ sf] pkbkmf -&_ df
tf]lsPsf] b/n] s/ nfUg]5 .
t/,
-s_
;f] JolQmsf] s'g} afF s L s/of] Uo cfosf ;DaGwdf bflvnf

ug'{ kg]{ s/ u0fgf ubf{ tL /sdx?nfO{ u0fgf ug'{ kg]{ 5}g ,
-v_
tL /sdx?sf] u0fgf;+ u ;DalGwt vr{x? ;f] afF s L s/of] Uo

cfo u0fgf ubf{ sL ug{ kfOg] 5}g , /
-u_
tL /sdx?sf ;DaGwdf o; bkmf adf]l hd ;f] JolQmaf6

bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ s/ /sdaf6 ;f] JolQmn] s' g} klg s/
ldnfg ug]{ ;'ljwf kfpg] 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|o f] hgsf] nflu u} / afl;Gbf

JolQm eGgfn] g] kfn aflx/ d' Vo sfof{ no /x] sf] ;Da4
lgsfox?sf] ;d"xleq /x]sf] afl;Gbf lgsfo ;Dg' k5{ .
&!=
j}b]lzs s/ ldnfg M -!_ s'g} afl;Gbf JolQmn] s'g} cfo jif{ df bflvnf u/] sf] s'g}
ljb] zL cfo s/ ;f] JolQmsf] lgwf{/ 0fof]Uo ljb] zL cfo afkt bflvnf ul/Psf] s/sf]
xb;Dd ;f] cfo jif{ df ;f] ljb]z L cfos/ afkt s/ ldnfgsf] bfjL ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd bfjL ul/Psf] ljb]zL s/ ldnfgsf] u0fgf ubf{
b]xfo adf]l hd ug'{ kg]{ 5 M

-s_
k| To] s b]z sf] ;| f]tsf] lgwf{/ 0fof]Uo ljb] z L cfosfnflu

5'6[f5' 6[} u0fgf ug'{ kg]{5 , /
85
-v_
k| To] s u0fgfsf ;DaGwdf ;f] jif{ d f pQm JolQmsf] g] kfnsf]

s/sf] cf} ;t b/eGbf lgwf{/ 0fof]Uo ljb]zL cfosf xsdf a9L
s/sf] b/n] ;f] ljb]z L s/ ldnfgsf] bfjL ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-#_
pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -v_ df Joj:yf ul/Psf] ;Ldfsf] sf/0fn] pkbkmf
-!_ adf]lhd ljb] zL s/ ldnfg ug{ kfpg] ;'ljwf k| bfg gul/g] s'g} JolQmsf]
lgwf{ /0fof]Uo ljb] zL cfosf ;DaGwdf bflvnf u/]sf] s' g} ljb] zL cfos/nfO{ b]xfo
adf]lhd ug{ kfOg]5 M
-s_
cfufdL jif{ df ;fg{ ;lsg], /
-v_
o:tf] ljb] zL cfo ePsf] b]z df ;| f]t /x] sf] ;f] JolQmsf] efjL
cfojif{ sf] lgwf{/0fof] Uo ljb] z L cfosf ;DaGwdf bflvnf
u/] s f] dflgg] .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g ;' s} s'/ f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} cfo jif{sf]
nflu s'g} JolQmn] ;f] jif{d f kfpg] ljb] z L s/ ldnfgsf] bfjL 5f] 8L o:tf] ldnfg
;'ljwf pknAw /x] s f] ljb]z L cfos/ afktsf] /sd vr{ bfjL ug{ klg ;Sg] 5 .

-s_
lgwf{/0fof] Uo ljb]z L cfo eGgfn] s'g} cfo jif{d f s'g}

afl;Gbf JolQmsf] ;f] jif{df s'g} /f] huf/L, Joj;fo jf
nufgLaf6 ePsf] ;f] JolQmsf] lgwf{/0fof] Uo cfodf ;dfj]z
ul/g] b]x fo adf]l hdsf] cfo ;Dg' k5{ M
-!_
-@_
ljb] zL ;|f]taf6 ePsf] cfo, jf
h'g;'s} ;| f]tsf] eP tfklg bkmf ^( cGtu{t ;f] afl;Gbf

JolQmnfO{ ljt/0f ul/Psf] dflgg] u}/ afl;Gbf JolQmsf] cfo .
-v_ g] kfnsf] s/sf] cf} ;t b/ eGgfn] s'g} cfo jif{ df s'g} ljb] zL
s/ ldnfg ug'{ cufj} sf] bkmf # sf] v08 -s_ df plNnlvt
JolQmn] ;f] jif{ df bflvnf ug'{k g]{ s/sf] /sdnfO{ ;f] JolQmsf]
;f] cfojif{ sf] s/of]U o cfon] efu u/L x' g cfpg] /sdnfO{
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .

86
Ps;on] u'0 fg ubf{ x' g cfpg] b/ ;Dg' k5{ .
kl/R5]b!$
s/ k|zf;g tyf cflwsfl/s sfuhft
&@=
ljefu M -!_ o; P]g sf] sfof{G jog tyf k| zf;g ug]{ sfdsf] nflu ljefu lhDd]jf/
x'g]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt ljefusf] lhDd] jf/L k"/f ug]{ sfo{df ljefunfO{
;3fp k' ofpg g]k fn ;/sf/n] g]k fn /fhkqdf ;" rgf k|s fzg u/L ljefu dftxtdf
7"nf s/bftf sfof{ no jf cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{ no jf s/bftf ;]j f sfof{ n o :yfkgf
ug{ / tL sfof{ n ox?sf] sfo{If] q tf] Sg ;Sg] 5 . o;/L sfo{ If] q tf]l sPsf sfof{ nox?
ljefus} csf ?kdf /x] sf] dflgg]5 g\ .
-#_ ljefudf b] xfo adf]lhdsf clws[t tyf cGo sd{ rf/Lx? /xg
;Sg]5g\ M
-s_
dxflgb]{ zs,
-v_
cfjZos ;+ Vofdf pkdxflgb]{z s, k|d' v s/ k| zf;s,

lgb]{z s, k| d' v s/ clws[ t, s/ clws[ t tyf cGo clws[t,
/
-u_
cGo sd{ rf/L .
-$_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lbPsf] lgb]{ zgsf] cwLgdf /xL dxflgb]{z sn] b]x fo
adf]l hd ug{ ;Sg] 5 M
-s_
o; P]g adf]l hd ljefunfO{ k| fKt s' g} klg clwsf/sf] k|o f] u

ug{ ,
-v_
pkbkmf -%_ / -^_ sf] cwLgdf /xL v08 -s_ adf]l hdsf]
clwsf/ s'g} csf]{ clws[ tn] k| of] u ug{ kfpg] u/L clwsf/
k| Tofof] hg ug{ ,
-u_
cfGtl/s /fhZj sfof{ no g/x] sf] 7fpF d f v08 -s_

adf]l hdsf] clwsf/dWo] bkmf &% adf]l hd ;fj{hlgs kl/kq
87
hf/L ug{, bkmf && adf]l hdsf] sfuhft tf]Sg, bkmf !!% sf]
pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd s' g} k' g/fjnf]sgLo lg0f{onfO{ :yugdf
/fVg jf cGo tj/n] k| e fljt ug{, bkmf !!% sf] pkbkmf -&_
adf]l hd s'g} JolQmn] lbPsf] lgj]bgdf plNnlvt s'/ fx?nfO{
k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf :jLsf/ jf c:jLsf/ ug{, bkmf !@(
adf]l hd s;"/ yk]/ hf] 8\g jf bkmf *@ adf]lhd s'g}
clws[ tnfO{ clVtof/L lbg afx] s cGo ;a} jf s] xL clwsf/
lghfdtL ;] jfsf] s' g} clws[ t sd{ rf/Ln] k|o f] u ug{ kfpg]
u/L tf]Sg .
-%_
g]kfn ;/sf/ jf dxflgb]{ zsn] lbPsf] lgb]{ zgsf] cwLgdf /xL pk
dxflgb]{ zs, k| d' v s/ k|z f;s, lgb]{z s, k|d'v s/ clws[ t tyf sfof{ no k| d'vsf]
?kdf /xg] s/ clws[ tn] b]x fo adf]lhd ug{ ;Sg] 5 M
-s_
o; P] g adf]l hd ljefunfO{ k| fKt clwsf/dWo] bkmf &%

adf]l hd ;fj{ hlgs kl/kq hf/L ug{ , bkmf && adf]l hdsf]
sfuhft tf]Sg, bkmf !!% sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]l hd s'g}
k'g/fjnf] sgLo lg0f{onfO{ :yugdf /fVg jf cGo tj/n]
k| efljt ug{, bkmf !!% sf] pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd s'g}
JolQmn] lbPsf] lgj]b gdf plNnlvt s'/ fx?nfO{ k" 0f{ jf
cf+l zs ?kdf :jLsf/ jf c:jLsf/ ug{{ jf bkmf !@(
adf]l hd s;"/ yk]/ hf] 8g afx]s cGo clwsf/x? k|o f] u ug{ ,
/
-v_
pkbkmf -^_ sf] cwLgdf /xL ljefusf] s'g} csf]{ clws[ tn]
k|of] u ug{ kfpg] u/L To:tf] clwsf/ k|Tofof] hg ug{ .
-^_
dxflgb]{ zs, pkdxflgb]{zs, k| d'v s/ k|zf;s, lgb]{ zs, k|d' v s/
clws[ t jf sfof{ no k| d' vsf] ?kdf /xg] s/ clws[ t afx]ssf] ljefusf] s' g} csf]{
clws[ tn] b]x fo adf]l hd ug{ ;Sg]5 M
88
-s_
b]xfosf clwsf/x? afx] s ljefunfO{ ePsf] clwsf/x?dWo]

;f] clws[ tnfO{ k| Tofof] hg ul/Psf s'g} clwsf/sf] k|o f] u
ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-!_
bkmf &% adf]l hd ;fj{ hlgs kl/kq hf/L ug{ , bkmf &&
adf]l hdsf] sfuhft tf]Sg, bkmf !!% sf] pkbkmf -%_
adf]l hd s'g} k'g/fjnf] sgLo lg0f{ onfO{ :yugdf /fVg jf
cGo tj/n] k| e fljt ug{ , bkmf !!% sf] pkbkmf -&_ adf]l hd
s'g} JolQmn] lbPsf] lgj] bgdf plNnlvt s' /fx?nfO{ k" 0 f{ jf
cf+l zs ?kdf :jLsf/ jf c:jLsf/ ug{ jf bkmf !@(
cGtu{t s;" / yk] / hf] 8g, jf
-@_
bkmf *@ adf]l hd s'g} clws[ tnfO{ clVtof/L lbg jf bkmf

!)( adf]lhd ;" rgf hf/L ug{ , /
-v_
cfk"m nfO{ k| Tofof] hg ul/Psf] s' g} clwsf/ k' gM k| Tofof] hg

ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
&#=
cGt/f{
cGt/f{li6o ;Df}tfx? M -!_ s'g} JolQmsf] s'g} cfodf o; P]g jf k| rlnt sfg"g
adf]l hd s/ nfUg] Joj:yf ePsf] / ;f]x L cfodf ljb] z L d' n'sdf klg s/ nfUg]
/x]5 eg] o:tf] bf] xf] /f] s/ gnfUg] ug{ g] kfn ;/sf/n] ljb]z L ;/sf/l;t
cGt/f{li6o ;Df} tf ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
-@_
g]kfn;+ u ;DkGg ePsf s'g} cGt/f{li6o ;Df} tf adf] lhd csf]{
b]zsf] ;Ifd clwsf/Ln] ;f] csf]{ b]z sf] s/ sfg"g cGtu{ t s'g} aSof} tf /fVg]
JolQmn] a' fpg' kg]{ /sd g] kfndf ;+s ng ul/lbg ljefunfO{ cg' /f] w u/]sf]
cj:yfdf of] pkbkmf nfu" x'g]5 .
-#_
pkbkmf -@_ nfu" x'g] cj:yfdf ljefun] ;f] ;Ifd clwsf/LnfO{
;f] /sd k7fpg] k|of] hgsf] nflu s/ aSof} tf /fVg] ;f] JolQmnfO{ lnlvt ?kdf
;"rgf u/L ;f] ;"rgfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] ldltleqdf To:tf] /sd ljefudf
bflvnf ug{ nufpg ;Sg]5 .
89
-$_ s'g} cGt/f{l i6o ;Df} tfdf g] kfnn] cfo jf e'QmfgLdf 5'6 lbg'
kg]{ jf cfo jf e'QmfgLdf s/sf] 36fOPsf] b/ nufpg' kg]{ u/L Joj:yf ul/Psf]
ePdf of] pkbkmf nfu" x'g]5 .
-%_
pkbkmf -$_ nfu" ePsf] cj:yfdf b]x fo adf]l hdsf] s' g} lgsfonfO{
s/ 5'6 jf s/ sLsf] ;'l jwf pknAw x'g] 5} g M

-s_
;f] ;Df} tfsf] k|o f] hgsf] nflu ;f] ;Df} tfsf] csf]{ kIf
/x]s f] /fi6s f] afl;Gbf dflgg] lgsfo, /
-v_
;f] lgsfosf] lglxt :jfldTjsf] krf; k|l tzt jf ;f] eGbf

a9L lx:;f k| fs[l ts JolQmx?f/f jf s'g} k| fs[lts JolQmsf]
lxt g/x] sf] lgsfox?f/f u|x0f ul/Psf] , / ;f] ;Df} tfsf]
k|of] hgsf] nflu ;f] JolQmx? jf lgsfox? ;f] ;Df} tfsf]
csf]{ kIf /x] sf] /fi6 sf] jf g] kfnsf] klg afl;Gbf gePsf] .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of] hgsf] nflu cGt/f{li6o

;Df}tf eGgfn] b]x fosf] Joj:yf ug]{ s'g} ljb]zL
;/sf/;+ u ;DkGg ul/Psf] g] kfnsf] xsdf nfu" ePsf] s'g}
;lGw jf ;Df} tf ;Dg' k5{ M
-s_
bf]xf]/ f] s/af6 d'lQm lbg] / ljQLo 5n lg/f] w ug]{ , jf
-v_ s/ bfloTjsf] sfof{G jogdf kf/:kl/s k|z f;lgs ;xfotf k|b fg

ug]{ .
&$=
s/bftfsf] clwsf/ M-!_ s/bftfn] o; P] g adf]l hdsf st{ Jox kfngf ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-@_ s/bftfnfO{ o; P] g adf]l hd s/ j'fpg] ;Gbe{d f b] xfo adf]l hdsf]
clwsf/ x' g]5 M
-s_
;Ddfgk" j{s Jojxf/sf] clwsf/,
-v_
s/;DaGwL s' /fx?sf] ;" rgf k| rlnt sfg"g adf]l hd k| fKt

ug]{ clwsf/,
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .

90
-u_
s/;DaGwL s'/ fdf ;kmfO{ s f] ;j"b k] z ug]{ df}sf k| fKt ug]{

clwsf/,
-3_
k|lt/Iffsf] nflu sfg"g Joj;foL jf n] vfk/LIfs d' s// ug]{

clwsf/, /
-_
s/;DaGwL uf] kgLo s'/ fx? o; P] gdf pNn] v eP afx]s

cgltqmDo x'g] clwsf/ .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k| of] hgsf] nflu s/bftf eGgfn]

bkmf # df pNn] v eP adf]l hd s/ nufO{ c;' n pk/ ul/g]
JolQm ;Dg' k5{ .
&%=
;fj{hlgs kl/kq
kl/kq M -!_ o; P] gsf] sfof{ Gjogdf Ps?ktf NofO{ s/ k| zf;gnfO{
;/n agfpg / ljefusf clws[ tx? nufot o; P]g af6 k| efljt x'g] JolQmx?nfO{
dfu{l gb]{ zg lbg ljefun] o; P]g df ePsf Joj:yfx?sf] ;DaGwdf JofVof;lxt
lnlvt ;fj{ hlgs kl/kqx? hf/L ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
-@_
ljefun]
pkbkmf
-!_
adf]l hd
hf/L
ul/Psf
kl/kqx?
;j{;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu ljefudf jf ljefun] cfjZoQmfg';f/ cGo s'g}

:yfgdf jf s'g} dfWodf/f pknAw u/fpg]5 .
-#_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd hf/L ul/Psf] s'g} kl/kq /2 gul/P;Dd ;f]
kl/kq adf]l hd sf/jfxL ug{ ljefu jfWo x'g]5 .

&^=
k"jf{b]z M -!_ s'g} JolQmn] cfkm" f/f k| : tfljt jf cfkm" n] dfg]sf] s'g} k|aGwsf
;DaGwdf of] P] g nfu" x'g] cj:yf af/] s'g} l4ljwf lg/fs/0fsf nflu ljefu;dIf
lnlvt ?kdf lgj]b g lbPdf ljefun] ;f] JolQmnfO{ lnlvt ?kdf ;"lrt u/L
ljefusf] wf/0ff tf]l sP adf]l hd k" j f{b] zf/f hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s' /f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o; P]gsf]
sfof{Gjogsf ;DaGwdf b]v fk/]sf] s'g} lljwf;DaGwL ljifo cbfntdf

larf/fwLg /x]s f] jf cbfntaf6 lg0f{o eO{ ;s]s f] cj:yfdf To:tf] ljifodf
ljefun] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] k" jf{b]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
91
-#_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd k"jf{b]z hf/L ug'{ cufj} s'g} JolQmn] b] xfo
adf]l hd u/] df ;f] JolQmnfO{ lbPsf] k"jf{ b]z jxfn/x] ;Dd ;f] cfb] z adf]l hd o;
P]gsf] sfof{G jog ug{ ljefu jfWo x'g] 5 M
-s_
;f] cfb]z ;+ u ;Da4 ljifosf] k" 0f{ oyfy{ ljj/0f ljefu;dIf

k| :t' t u/] df, /
-v_
;f] cfb] zsf] nflu ;f] JolQmn] lbPsf] lgj]bgdf plNnlvt

j"Fbf cg'? ksf] k| aGw ePdf .
-$_ bkmf &% adf] lhd hf/L ul/Psf ;fj{ hflgs kl/kq / pkbkmf -!_
adf]l hd hf/L ul/Psf k" jf{b]z Ps cfk;df aflPdf k"jf{b]z hf/L ul/Psf]
JolQmsf] xsdf k" jf{b]z df plNnlvt s'/fx?nfO{ k|f yldstf lbOg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] k" jf{ b]z hf/L ug'{cl3 ljefun] lgj]b snfO{
cfkm}+ jf cfgf] k|l tlglw pkl:yt e} s'g} ck' u ljj/0f ePdf k] z ug]{ df}sf
lbg;Sg] 5 .
&&=
sfuhftsf] 9fFrf M -!_ of] P]g / o; P]g cGtu{ t ag] sf] lgodfjnL adf]l hd
cfjZos kg]{ tyf o; P]g sf] k| e fjsf/L sfof{ Gjogsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;" rgf,
ljj/0f tyf hfgsf/Lx? ;dfj]z x'g] u/L ljefun] ;do ;dodf cfjZos
sfuhft, cfoljj/0f nufotsf ljj/0fx?, s/ sL ljj/0f bflvnf ug]{ tl/sf /
9fF rf tyf clen] vsf] 9fF rf tf]Sg ;Sg] 5 .
-@_
ljefun] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf 9fF rfx? ;j{ ;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf]
nflu ljefudf / ljefun] lgwf{/0f u/] s f cGo :yfgdf tyf cGo dfWodaf6
pknAw u/fpg] 5 .
-#_ ljefun] s' g} JolQmn] ljefudf k] z ug'{ kg]{ ;"r gf jf ljj/0f jf sfuhft
ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 k] z ug{' kg]{ u/L tf]S g ;Sg] 5 .

&*=
:yfoL n]vf gDa/ M -!_ o; P] gsf] cwLgdf /xL s'g} JolQmsf] klxrfg ug]{ k| of]hgsf
nflu ljefun] ;f] JolQmnfO{ :yfoL n] vf gDa/ gfds Pp6f kl/ro ;+Vof hf/L ug]{ 5 .

92
t/ ljefuaf6 :jLs[ t k| fKt lgsfon] o; P]gsf] k|l qmof k' ofO{ o:tf] :yfoL
n] vf gDa/ k| bfg ug{ ;Sg] 5 . o;/L hf/L ul/Psf] :yfoL n] vf gDa/ k| fKt ug]{
s/bftfn] ljefun] tf] s]sf] cjlw;Dd cfoft lgof{ tsf] sf/f]a f/ ug{ ;Sg] 5} g .
-@_
ljefun] s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ o; P]gsf] k|of] hgsf] nflu k|of]u
ul/g] s'g} cfo ljj/0f, ljj/0f, syg jf cGo sfuhftdf cfgf] :yfoL n]vf
gDa/ pNn]v ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ ljefun] s'g} JolQmnfO{ :yfoL n] vf gDj/ b] vfpg kg]{ jf pNn] v
ug' kg]{ cj:yf tf]Sg ;Sg] 5 .

-$_ pkbkmf -!_df h' g;'s} s' /f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd
tf]s] s f] JolQmn] sf/f] af/ ug'{ eGbf klxn] :yfoL n] vf gDa/ lng' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -!_, -@_, -#_ jf -$_ df h'g ;'s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg
:yfoL n] vf gDa/ glnPsf] sf/0faf6 s/sf] bfloTjaf6 km' ;{b kfpg] 5}g .
&(=
sfuhftsf] tfd]n L M -!_ o; P] g adf]l hd s'g} JolQmnfO{ lbg' a' fpg' kg]{ s'g} klg
sfuhft b] xfosf] cj:yfdf ;f] JolQmnfO{ a' fOPsf] jf lbOPsf] dflgg] 5 M
-s_ s'g} JolQmsf] ofS; gDa/ jf Od] n 7] ufgfdf k7fPsf] ,
-v_
JolQmut ?kdf h;nfO{ j' fpg' kg]{ xf] p;} nfO j' fPsf]
jf lgsfosf] xsdf lgsfosf] k| aGwsnfO{ j' fPsf] , jf
-u_
JolQmsf] yfxf eP;Ddsf] cfjf;, sfof{ no, Joj;fo jf cGo

7]ufgfdf x' nfsaf6 /lhi6L u/L k7fPsf] .
-@_
ljefusf] clwsf/k|fKt clws[ tsf] gfd / kb v'Ng] u/L b:tvt
ul/Psf] , sDKo" 6/ k|l jlwaf6 OgqmLK6 jf Ogsf] 8 ul/Psf], 5fk nufOPsf] jf ;f]
sfuhftdf n] vL o; P]g adf]l hd hf/L ul/Psf]] , tfd] nL ul/Psf] jf lbOPsf]
sfuhftnfO{ /Ltk" j{ ssf] dflgg]5 .
*)=
q'6Lk"0f{ sfuhft M -!_ o; P]g adf]l hd hf/L ul/Psf] b]x fosf] s'g} sfuhft q' 6Lk" 0f{
dflgg] 5} g M
-s_
d" ne" t ?kdf o; P]g cg's" n ePdf, /
93
-v_
h'g JolQmnfO{ ;f] sfuhftdf ;Daf]l wt ul/Psf] 5 ;f]

JolQmnfO{ ;fdfGo ?kdf ;f] sfuhftdf nlIft ul/Psf]
ePdf .
-@_
o; P] g adf]l hd ljefun] hf/L u/]s f] s'g} sfuhftdf s'g} q' 6L
ePdf / ;f] q' 6Laf6 o; P]gsf] AofVof jf s' g} JolQm ljz]i fsf] tYo ;DaGwL s'g}
ljjfb gePdf To:tf] q' 6L ;Rofpg] k| o f] hgsf] nflu ljefun] pQm sfuhftdf
;+ zf] wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b!%
clen]v / ;"rgf ;+sng
*!=
sfuhftsf] clen]v /fVg]

/fVg M -!_ o; P]g adf]lhd s/ a' fpg' kg]{] bfloTj ePsf]
k| To] s JolQmn] ljefuaf6 tf]lsPsf] k|s f/, 9fF rf, n] vfk/LIf0fsf] k|df0fLs/0f jf cGo
k| sf/n] ug'{ kg]{ k| df0fLs/0f tyf k| dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhftx?sf cltl/Qm b]x fo
adf]l hdsf cfjZos sfuhftx? g] kfndf v8f u/L /fVg' kg]{ 5 M
-s_
o; P]g adf]l hd ljefudf k]z ug'{ kg]{ cfo ljj/0f jf cGo

s'g} sfuhftx?nfO{ k'i6\ ofO{ ug]{ cfjZos ;" rgf tyf
sfuhft,
-v_
lghn] a' fpg' kg]{ s/ lgwf{ /0f ug{ ;3fp k' ofpg]
sfuhft,
-u_
-@_
vr{ sLnfO{ k"i 6\ ofOF ug]{ sfuhft .
ljefun] lnlvt ?kdf ;"r gf hf/L u/L cGoyf tf]s]s f]df afx]s
o; bkmf adf] lhdsf sfuhftx? ;DalGwt cfo jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn]
==============kfFr jif{s f] cjlw;Dd ;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{5 .

-#_
pkbkmf -!_ adf] lhdsf] s'g} sfuhft g] kfnL jf c+u|]hL efiffdf
gePdf ljefun] lnlvt ;"r gf hf/L u/L ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ lghsf] cfkg}
vr{df To:tf] sfuhftnfO{ k| rlnt sfg"g adf]l hd dfGotf k| fKt cg'a fbsaf6
g]kfnL efiffdf ul/Psf] cg'j fbk|lt k] z ug{ nufpg ;Sg] 5 .

94
-$_ ljefun] s'g} JolQmn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd /fVg' kg]{ sfuhftx
ljB' tLo dfWodaf6 /fVg kfpg] u/L :jLs[l t lbg ;Sg]5 .

*@=
ljefun]] hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]

;Sg M -!_ o; P] gsf] sfof{G jog ug{sf] nflu ljefusf]
clws[ tn] b]x fo adf]l hd ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_
k| rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL g] kfndf cjl:yt s'g} klg

kl/;/, :yfg, sfuhft jf cGo ;DklQdf k" 0f{ jf lgjf{ w
-v_
kx'F r k| fKt ug{ ,

v08 -s_ adf]l hd kx'F r k| fKt u/]sf] sfuhftsf On]S 6f]l gs
k|lt nufot sfuhsf] s'g} c+ z jf k|l tlnlk k| fKt ug{ ,
-u_
v08 -s_ adf]l hd kx'Fr k| fKt u/]s f] sfuhft o; P]g

adf]l hd s' g} JolQmsf] s/ bfloTj lgwf{ /0f ug{ cfjZos x'g]
vfnsf] k|d f0f xf] eGg] ;DalGwt clws[ tnfO{ nfu]df To:tf]
sfuhft cfgf] sAhfdf lng, /
-3_
sfuhftdf kx'F r ePsf] s' g} JolQmnfO{ To:tf] sfuhftsf]

k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fO{lbg cg'/ f] w u/]s f] d f ;f] JolQmn]
pknAw gu/fPsf] d f v08 -s_ adf]l hd To:tf sfuhftdf
kx'F r k| fKt ug{ To:tf sfuhft s' g} klg ?kdf s' g} ;DklQdf
/fvLPsf]5 eGg] ;f] clws[ tnfO nfu] d f To:tf] ;DklQ cfgf]
sAhfdf lng .
-@_
s'g} klg clws[ tn] ljefuaf6 lnlvt ?kdf clVtof/L k| fKt gu/L
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] s' g} klg clwsf/sf] k|of] u ug{ kfpg] 5} g . s'g} clws[ tn]
pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] clwsf/sf] k|o f] u u/L s' g} kl/;/ jf :yfgdf k|j] z ubf{ ;f]
kl/;/ jf :yfgsf] sAhf ug]{ JolQmn] jf ;DalGwt s' g} sfuhft jf ;DklQdf kx'F r
ePsf] JolQmn] ljefusf] clVtof/L b] vfpg cg'/ f] w u/]df To:tf] clws[ tn]
lghx?nfO{ To:tf] clVtof/L b] vfpg' kg]{5 .
-#_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] clwsf/ k| of]u u/L s'g} kl/;/ jf
:yfgdf k| j]z ug]{ ljefusf] s'g} clws[tn] cg' /f] w u/] df To:tf] kl/;/ jf

95
:yfgsf] sAhf ug]{ JolQm jf ;DalGwt sfuhft jf ;DklQdf kx'Fr ePsf]

JolQmn] ;f] clwsf/sf] k| efjsf/L k|of] usf nflu ;a} ;d'lrt ;' ljwf tyf
;xfotf pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ ljefun] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_ jf -3_ adf]l hd sAhfdf
lnPsf] sfuhft jf ;DklQ b]x fosf] ;do;Dd cfkmgf] sAhfdf lng ;Sg]5 M
-s_
pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]l hd sAhfdf lnPsf] s'g}

sfuhft s' g} JolQmsf] s/ bfloTj lgwf{/ 0f ug{ jf o; P]g
adf]l hd cGo s'g} sf/jfxLsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;do;Dd,
/
-v_
pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -3_ adf]l hd sAhfdf lnPsf] ;DklQ

ljjflbt sfuhftdf kx'F r k|fKt u/L sAhfdf glnP;Ddsf]
;do;Dd .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]l hd h'g JolQmsf] sfuhft sJhfdf lnOPsf] 5

;f] JolQmn] To:tf] sfuhftsf] hfFr ug{ ;Sg]5 / ljefun] tf]s] adf]l hdsf]
;'kl/j]If0fdf ;DalGwt JolQms} vr{df sfof{no ;doleq To:tf] sfuhftsf]
k|ltlnlk jf c+z ptf/ u/L lng ;Sg] 5 .
-^_ o; P]g sf] sfof{G jogsf] nfuL cfjZos kg]{ sfuhftx?df kx'F r k|fKt
ug]{ ;DaGwdf ljz]i fflwsf/ ;DaGwL jf ;fj{ hlgs lxt ;DaGwL h'g;'s} Joj:yf
ul/Psf] eP tfklg tT;DaGwdf o; bkmfdf n]l vPsf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5 .
:ki6Ls/0f
ki6Ls /0f M o; bkmfsf] k|o f] hgsf] nflu sAhf ug]{ JolQm eGgfn] s' g}
kl/;/ jf :yfgsf ;DaGwdf ;f] kl/;/ jf :yfgsf] :jfldTj ePsf] JolQm, k|aGws
jf ToxfF /x]s f] cGo s' g} JolQm ;Dg' k5{ .
*#=
;"rgf lbO{ hfgsf/L k|f Kt ug{ ;Sg] M -!_
o; P]g adf]l hd s/ j' fpg] bfloTj
ePsf] jf gePsf] s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ ljefun] lnlvt ?kdf ;" rgf hf/L u/]/ b]x fo
adf]l hd ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 M
-s_
;" rgfdf tf]lsPsf] ;doleq ;f] ;" rgfdf tf]l sPsf] s'g}
hfgsf/L s'g} sfuhft v8f ;d] t u/]/ k] z ug{,
96
-v_
;f] JolQm jf cGo s' g} JolQmsf] s/ ;DaGwL s'/ fx?sf

;DaGwdf ljefusf clws[ t;dIf k/LIf0fsf nflu ;f] ;" rgf
df tf]lsPsf] ;do / :yfgdf ljefudf pkl:yt x'g,
-u_
;f] JolQmsf] lgoGq0fdf /x]s f] ;" rgfdf plNnlvt s'g}

sfuhft k/LIf0fsf] k|o f] hgsf] nflu v08 -v_ adf]l hd ;f]
JolQmsf] k/LIf0f x'F b fsf] jvt k]z ug{ .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd k/LIf0f ul/g] s'g} klg
JolQmnfO{ To:tf] k/LIf0f e/ sfg"gL jf cGo k|l tlglwTj u/fpg kfpg] clwsf/
x'g]5 .
-#_ o; P] gsf] sfof{ G jogsf] nfuL cfjZos kg]{ sfuhftx?df kx'F r k|fKt
ug]{ ;DaGwdf s'g} ljz]i fflwsf/ ;DaGwL jf ;fj{ hlgs lxt ;DaGwL h'g;' s} Joj:yf
ul/Psf] eP tfklg tT;DaGwdf o; bkmfdf n]l vPsf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5 .
*$=
;/sf/L uf]Kotf M -!_ ljefusf] s' g} klg clws[ t tyf cGo sd{ rf/Ln] o; P]g
adf]l hd cfgf] st{ Jo kfngsf] l;nl;nfdf cfgf] sAhfdf jf hfgsf/Ldf cfpg]
;a} sfuhft tyf hfgsf/L uf] Ko /fVg' kg]{ 5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;' s} s'/f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg ljefusf] s'g}
clws[ tn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] sfuhft jf hfgsf/L b]xfosf JolQm ;dIf b]x fo
adf]l hd k|s 6 ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_
o; P]g adf]lhd ;f] clws[ tsf] st{ Jokfng ug{ cfjZos

ePsf] xb;Dd,
-v_
o; P]g adf]l hd k|z f;lgs k'g/fjnf]s g jf sf/afxLsf

;DaGwdf s' g} cbfnt jf Gofoflws/0faf6 cfb] z ePsf]d f,
-u_
cy{ dGqL ;dIf,
-3_
cGo s' g} ljQLo sfg" gsf] k|o f] hgsf nflu k|s 6 ug{
cfjZos ePsf]d f,
-_
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;] jfdf /x] sf] s' g} JolQmnfO{ /fh:j jf

tYof+ s ;DaGwL sfo{sf nflu cfjZos ePdf To:tf] JolQm
;dIf,
97
-r_
kbLo st{ Josf] kfngsf] l;nl;nfdf k]Zf ug{ cfjZos

ePsf] df dxfn] vf k/LIfs jf dxfn] vf k/LIfsaf6 clVtof/
k| fKt s' g} JolQm ;dIf, jf
-5_
g]kfnn] cGt/f{li6o ;Df} tf u/]s f] s'g} b] zsf] ;/sf/sf]

clwsf/ k| fKt clwsf/L;dIf To:tf] ;+f} tfdf tt\ ;DaGwdf
Joj:yf ul/Psf] xb;Dd .
-#_
pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd sfuhft / hfgsf/L k| fKt ug]{ s'g} JolQm,
cbfnt, Gofoflws/0f, lgsfo jf clwsf/Ln]] cfjZos k/] s f] Go" g td xb;Ddsf]

cj:yfdf afx] s To:tf sfuhft jf hfgsf/L uf] Ko /fVg' kg]{ 5 .
kl/R5]b!^
s/sf] e'QmfgL
*%=
s/sf] e'QmfgLsf] ;do, :yfg / tl/sf M -!_ o; P] g adf]l hd ltg{' kg]{ s/

tf]lsPsf] :yfg / tl/sf adf]l hd a' fpg' kg]{ 5 / o;/L ltg'{ kg]{ s/ ljB' tLo
dfWodaf6 ;d] t ltg'{ kg]{ u/L ljefun] tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-@_
o; P]g adf]l hd ltg'{ kg]{ s/ pkbkmf -!_ sf cwLgdf /xL b]xfosf]
;dodf a' fpg' kg]{ 5 M

-s_
clu| d s/ sL u/L bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ n] bkmf () sf] pkbkmf
-v_
-$_ df plNnlvt ;dodf,

ls:tfaGbLdf s/ a' fpg' kg]{ n] bkmf ($ sf] pkbkmf -!_ df
plNnlvt ;dodf,
-u_
-!_
lgwf{ /0f ul/Psf s/ a' fpg' kg]{ n],

bkmf (( adf]l hdsf] s/ lgwf{ /0f ;DaGwdf cfo ljj/0f
a'fpg' kg]{ ldltdf,
-@_
bkmf !)) sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd ul/Psf] s/ lgwf{/0fsf]

;DaGwdf bkmf !)@ adf]l hd j' fPsf] s/ lgwf{/0fsf] ;" rgfdf
tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq,

98
-#_
bkmf !)! adf]l hd ePsf] ;+zf]l wt s/ lgwf{ /0fsf] ;DaGwdf

bkmf !)@ adf]l hd a' fPsf] s/ lgwf{/0fsf] ;" rgfdf tf]lsPsf]
Dofb leq .
-3_
bkmf !)$ sf] pkbkmf -*_, bkmf !)( sf] pkbkmf -!_ jf
bkmf !!) sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd hf/L ePsf] ;" rgf
adf]l hd ljefunfO{ a' fpg' kg]{ /sdx?sf] ;DaGwdf ;f]
;" rgfdf plNnlvt ldltdf,
-_
bkmf !)& sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd s'g} lgsfon] s/

ga' fO{ sfod x'g cfPsf] bfloTjsf] ;DaGwdf ;f]
lgsfoaf6 h'g ;dodf s/ a' fpg' kg]{ xf] ;f]xL ;dodf,
-r_
bkmf !)* sf] pkbkmf -#_ jf -$_ adf]l hd dfu ul/Psf]

/sdsf] ;DaGwdf qmdzM lnnfd laqmL u/L /sd ldnfg
ul/Psf] jf ldnfg ug{ g;lsPsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq, /
-5_
bkmf !@@ adf]l hd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf z'N s tyf Aofhsf]

;DaGwdf lgwf{/ 0fsf] ;" rgfdf plNnlvt ldltdf .
-#_
b]xfosf cj:yfdf s/ a' fpg' kg]{ ldlt k| efljt x'g] 5} g M

-s_
s/ c;" npk/ ug{ kl/R5]b@) adf]lhd ljefun] u/]sf]

sf/jfxL, jf
-v_
*^=
o; P] g adf]l hd cGo sf/jfxL ug{ k| f/De ul/Psf] df .
a'fpg' kg]{ s/sf] k|df0f M s'g} JolQmsf] gfd, 7] ufgf / ;f] JolQmn] a' fpg' kg]{
s/sf] /sd pNn] v u/L ljefusf] clws[ tn] x:tfIf/ u/]s f] k|d f0fkq g} b]xfosf
sfd sf/jfxLdf ;f] JolQmaf6 a'fpg' kg]{ s/ /sdsf] lgldQ kof{ K t k|d f0f x' g]5M
-s_
s/ c;" npk/ ug{ kl/R5] b@) adf]l hd ljefun] u/] s f] sf/jfxL, jf
-v_
kl/R5]b@# adf]l hd s'g} s;"/ ;DaGwL sf/jfxL .
99
kl/R5]b!&
e'QmfgLdf s/ sL
*&=
/f]huf/bftfaf6 s/ sL M -!_ k| To] s afl;Gbf /f] huf/bftfn] /f] huf/Laf6 s'g}

sd{ rf/L jf sfdbf/n] k|fKt u/] sf] cfosf] u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj] z ul/g] g] kfndf ;|f]t
ePsf] s'g} /sd e' QmfgL ubf{ cg' ;"rL ! adf]l hdsf] b/n] x'g] s/ sL ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd s/ sL ug'{ kg]{ /f] huf/bftfsf] bfloTj
b]xfosf] sf/0fn] 36\ g] jf ;dfKt x'g] 5} gM

-s_
/f] huf/bftfn] plNnlvt e' QmfgLaf6 cGo s' g} /sd sL ug]{

jf /f] Ssf /fVg] jf 36fpg] clwsf/ jf st{Jo ePsf]d f, jf
-v_
cGo k| rlnt sfg" g adf]l hd sd{ rf/L jf sfdbf/sf]

/f] huf/Laf6 ePsf] cfo 36fpg gkfpg] ePsf] df .
**=
nufgL k|ltkmn / ;]jf z'Nssf] e'QmfgL ubf{ s/ sL M -!_ afl;Gbf JolQmn]

g]kfndf ;| f]t ePsf] Aofh, k| fs[lts ;| f]t, ef8f, /f]oN6L, ;] jf z'Ns, sldzg jf
lalqm af]g; / cjsfz e' QmfgLsf] /sd e' QmfgL ubf{ s" n e' QmfgL /sdsf] kGw|
k|ltztsf b/n] s/ sL ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ b] xfosf e' QmfgLdf b] xfosf b/n] s/sL ug'{ kg]{ 5 M

-!_
g]kfn ;/sf/ jf :jLs[ t cjsfz sf] ifaf6 ePsf] cjsfz

e'QmfgLsf] xsdf bkmf ^% sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_
adf]lhd u0fgf ul/Psf] nfedf kfFr k|ltztsf b/n],
-@_
jfl;Gbf /f]huf/ sDkgLn] u} / jfl;Gbf JolQmnfO{ e' QmfgL

u/] sf] sldzgdf kfFr k|ltztsf b/n],
-#_
jfo' ofgsf] lnh -kf_ jfktsf] /sd e' QmfgL ubf{ bz

k|ltztsf b/n],
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ zf] lwt .

100
-$_
d" No clej[l4 s/df btf{ ePsf] ;]jfk| bfos jfl;Gbf

JolQmnfO{ e' QmfgL u/] sf] ;]j f z'Nsdf e' QmfgL /sdsf] Ps
bzdna kfFr k|ltztsf b/n], /
-%_
jfl;Gbf JolQmn] g] kfndf ;|f]t ePsf] ef8f e' QmfgL

u/] sf]d f bz k|l tztsf b/n] .
-@_
afl;Gbf JolQmn] g] kfndf ;| f]t ePsf] b] xfosf e' QmfgL ubf{

b]xfosf b/n] s/sL ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_
nfef+z e' QmfgL u/]sf] df e' QmfgL /sdsf] kfF r k|l tzt .
-v_
nufgL aLdfsf] nfe e' QmfgL ubf{ e' QmfgL /sdsf] kfF r
k|l tzt jf
-u_ :jLs[l t glnPsf] cjsfz sf]ifaf6 nfe e' QmfgL ubf{
nfe /sdsf] kfF r k|l tzt .
-#_
pkbkmf -!_ df h' g;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg afl;Gbf a}+s,
ljQLo ;+:yf jf C0fkq hf/L ug]{ cGo s'g} lgsfo jf k| rlnt sfg"g adf]l hd
;"lrs[ t ePsf sDkgLn] s' g} k| fs[l ts JolQmnfO{ lgIf] k, C0fkq, l8j]Gr/ tyf
;/sf/L j08 jfkt b]x fo adf]l hdsf] Aofh jf Aofh :j?ksf] s'g} /sd e'QmfgL
lb+bf s' n e' QmfgL /sddf kfF r k|l tztsf b/n] s/sL ug'{ kg]{ 5 M
-s_ g]kfndf ;| f]t ePsf], /
-v_ Joj;fo ;~rfng;+ u ;DalGwt gePsf] .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_, -@_ / -#_ df h'g ;'s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf
e' QmfgL ubf{ of] bkmf nfu" x'g] 5}g M
-s_
k| fs[l ts JolQmn] u/] sf] Joj;fo ;~rfng;+ u ;DalGwt

e' QmfgL jf 3/ ef8fdf lnP afkt lt/] sf] ef8f afx] s sf
cGo s'g} e'QmfgL,

101
-s!=_kqklqsfdf k| sflzt n]v /rgf jfktsf] e' QmfgL / k|Z gkq

tof/ u/] jfkt tyf pQ/ k'l:tsf hfF r u/] jfktsf] e' QmfgL .
-v_
afl;Gbf a} jf c? afl;Gbf ljQLo ;+ :yfnfO{ lt/]sf] Aofh,

jf
-u_
s/ 5' 6 kfPsf] e' QmfgL jf bkmf *& adf]l hd s/ sL x'g'

kg]{ e' QmfgL .
-3_ qm]l 86 sf8{ hf/L ug]{ a}+ snfO{ lt/]sf] O06/l/hgn O06/r]G h
z'Ns .
-_ g]kfn ;/sf/ / ljb] zL ;/sf/ jf g] kfn ;/sf/ kIf ePsf]
cGt/f{li6o ;+ : yf jLr ePsf] s'g} ;Demf} tf adf]l hd g] kfn
;/sf/n] ljb] z L ;/sf/ jf cGt/f{li6o ;+ : yfnfO{ e' Qmfg
u/] s f] Aofh jf z'N s .
-r_
u| fdL0f ;d'b fodf cfwfl/t n3" ljQ ;+: yf, u|fdL0f ljsf; a}+ s,
x'nfs art a}+ s / P] gsf] bkmf !! sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd
;xsf/Ldf hDdf u/] sf] lgIf]k af6 cflh{t jflif{ s bz xhf/
?k}o fF;Ddsf] Aofh e' QmfgL .
**s= cfsl:ds nfedf s/sLM cfsl:ds nfe jfktsf] e' QmfgLdf kRrL; k|ltzt sf b/n]
s/sL ug'{k g]{5 .
t/ ;flxTo, snf, ;+:s[lt, v]n s' b, kqsfl/tf, lj1fg, k|ljlw tyf ;fj{hlgs
k|zf;g If] qdf of]u bfg k' ofP afkt k|fKt x'g] /fli6 o / cGt/f{li6 o:t/sf k' /:sf/df
g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]k fn /fhkqdf ;"r gf k|s fzg u/L cfsl:ds nfe s/ gnfUg] u/L
5'6 lbg ;Sg] 5 .
*(=
7]Ssf jf s/f/sf] e'QmfgL ubf{ s/ sL M -!_ afl;Gbf JolQmn] 7]Ssf jf s/f/

afkt krf; xhf/ ?k}o fF eGbf a9Lsf] /sd e' QmfgL lb+ bf e' QmfgLsf] s' n /sddf !=%
k|ltztsf b/n] s/sL ug'{ kg]{ 5 .

102
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt /sd osLg ug{ Pp6} s/f/ cGtu{ t
To:tf] JolQm jf lghsf] ;Da4 JolQmaf6 ;f] xL s/f/ cGtu{ t e' QmfgL kfpg]
JolQm jf lghsf] ;Da4 JolQmnfO{ ljutsf] bz lbgdf lbOPsf cGo s'g}
e'QmfgLx? eP ;f] ;d] t hf] 8L osLg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_
pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} afl;Gbf
JolQmn] s'g} 7]Ssf jf s/f/ cGtu{ t s'g} u}/ afl;Gbf JolQmnfO{ lbg] e' QmfgLaf6
b]xfo adf]l hd s/ sL ug'{ kg]{ 5 M
-s_ jfo' ofg dd{t tyf cGo 7] Ssf jf s/f/df%
-v_ u}/ jfl;Gbf ljdf sDkgLnfO{ lk|l dod e' QmfgL ubf{!=%
-u_ pk/f] Qm afx]s ljefun] ;f] afl;Gbf JolQmnfO{ lnlvt ;" rgf
lbPsf] df ;f] ;"r gfdf plNnlvt b/df
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g ;'s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf e' QmfgLsf
xsdf of] bkmf nfu" x'g] 5} g M
-s_
s'g} Joj;fo ;~rfngsf l;nl;nfdf ul/Psf] e' QmfgL afx] ssf

k|fs[lts JolQmx?n] u/] s f] e' QmfgL, jf
-v_ s/ 5"6 lbOPsf e' QmfgL jf bkmf *& jf ** adf]lhd s/ sL

ug'{ kg]{ e'QmfgL .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k| of] hgsf] nflu 7]Ssf jf s/f/
eGgfn] s' g} j:t' jf >ldssf] cfk"l t{ jf d" t{ ;DklQ jf

;+ /rgfsf] lgdf{0f jf h8fg jf :yfkgf ug]{ ;DaGwdf
ul/Psf] s/f/ jf ;Demf} tf tyf ljefun] 7]S sf jf s/f/ egL
tf]s] sf] sfo{ nfO{ ;Demg' k5{ / To:tf] s/f/ jf ;Demf} tfn]
lgdf{0 f jf h8fg jf :yfkgf;+ u ;DalGwt ;] j f ;d] tnfO{
;d] 6]sf] eP ;f] ;] j f jfktsf] e' QmfgL ;d] t s/f/ cGtu{ tsf]
e' QmfgL dflgg] 5 .

103
*(s
===============
*(v
==================
()=
sL ul/Psf] s/sf] ljj/0f / e'QmfgL M-!_ clu| d s/sl6[ ug'{ kg]{ k|T o]s JolQmn]
k|To] s dlxgf ;dfKt ePsf] klRr; lbg leq ljefun] tf] s] sf] tl/sf / 9fF rfdf
ljefudf ljj/0f bflvnf ug'{k g]{5 M
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt ljj/0f;+ u clu| d s/ sL ug]{ JolQmn]
sL ul/Psf] s/ jf pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd s/ sL u/]s f] dflgPsf] /sd

pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt Dofbleq ljefudf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_
clu| d s/ sL ug'{ kg]{ JolQmn] bkmf *&, ** jf *( adf] lhd
s/ sL gu/]s f] eP klg ;f] s/ sL x'g' kg]{ ;dodf ;f] s/ sL ul/Psf]

dflgg]5 .
-$_ bkmf *&, ** jf *( adf] lhd s'g} s/ sL ul/Psf] /sd jf
pkbkmf -#_ adf]l hd s/ sL u/]sf] dflgg] /sd ;f] clu| d s/ sL ug]{ JolQmn]
bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ 5 / pkbkmf -%_ nfu" x' g] cj:yfdf s/ sL x'g] JolQmn] pkbkmf
-!_ df plNnlvt cjlw kZrft\ kGw| lbgleq ;f] s/ bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ b]xfo adf]l hdsf] cj:yfdf clu| d s/sL x' g] JolQm / ;f] clu|d
s/ sL ug]{ JolQm b' j} hgf ;+ o'Qm ?kdf / 5' 6[f5' 6[} ?kdf ;f] s/ /sd ljefudf
bflvnf ug{ lhDd] j f/ x' g]5g\ M
-s_
clud
| s / sL u g{] JolQmn] bk mf * &, ** jf *( adfl] hd sg' }
eQ
' mfgLaf6 s / sL gu /] df, /
-v_
clud
| s/ sL u g{] Jol Qmn] pk bkmf -# _ adfl] h d s / sL u/] sf]
dfl gg] /sd pkbkmf -$ _ adf]lh d s / bflv nf u g{' kg{] l dlt leq
-^_
ljefudf bflvn f gu /d
] f.
clu| d s/ sL ug]{ JolQmn] bkmf *&, ** jf *( adf] lhd s/
sL u/L ljefudf bflvnf u/]sf]]df ;f] s/ sL ePsf] e'QmfgLsf ljifodf s/
cfly{s P] g, @)^& 4f/f vf/] h .

104
sL x'g] JolQmf/f s'g} bfjL ul/Pdf ;f] /sd s/ sL x'g] JolQmnfO{ e'QmfgL
u/]; /x dflgg]5 .
-&_
bkmf *&, ** jf *( adf]lhd s/ sL gu/]s f] /sd clu|d s/
sL ug]{ JolQmn] ljefunfO{ bflvnf u/]sf] ePdf ;f] bflvnf ePsf] s/ /sd
a/fa/sf] /sd ;f] s/ sL x'g' kg]{ JolQmaf6 c;" npk/ ug{ kfpg]5 .
-*_ s'g} JolQmn] pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]l hd bflvn ug'{ kg]{ ljj/0f jf
s/ bflvnf gu/]sf] jf s' g} JolQmsf ;DaGwdf pkbkmf -%_ sf] cj:yf /x]sf] s'/ fdf
ljefu ljZj:t ePdf bflvn gu/] sf] jf 36L bflvnf u/] sf] /sd / bkmf !!(
adf]l hdsf] Aofh bflvnf ug{ cfb] z lbg ;Sg]5. t/ To:tf] cfb] z lbg' eGbf klxn]
plrt sf/0f vf] nL ;f] cfb]zsf ;DaGwdf ;kmfOsf] ;a' t k| df0f k]z ug{ !% lbgsf]
Dofb lbO{ lnlvt ;" rgf lbg' kg]{ 5 .
(!=
s/ sL k|df0fkq M -!_ clu| d s/ sL ug]{ JolQmn] s/ sL x' g] JolQmnfO{ pkbkmf

-@_ df tf]lsPsf] ;dodf b]x fo adf]l hdsf] s/ sL k| d f0fkq pknAw u/fpg'
kg]{ 5 M
-s_
ljefuf/f sg' } tl/sf tfl] sP sf] eP ;f] tl/sf adfl] hd k| dfl0ft

ul/P sf] , /
-v_
-@_
bkmf *&, ** jf *( adfl] hd sL ul /P sf] s/ /sd tyf
eQ
' mfgL /sdx? vn
' ] sf] .
clu| d s/ sL u/]sf] cjlw v'nfO{ clu|d s/ sL u/]sf] dlxgf
;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq clu|d s/ sL k|df0fkq k|bfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_
pkbkmf -@_ df h'g ;' s} s' /f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg bkmf *& adf]l hd
s/ sL ul/Psf] cj:yfdf clu|d s/ sL k|d f0fkq b]xfo adf]l hd k|b fg ug'{

kg]{ 5 M
-s_
;f] k| df0 fkq ;f] cfo jif{ df ;f] sdr

{ f/L jxfn /x] s f] cjlwe /sf]
-v_
nflu dfq x' g] 5 .

;f] k| df0 fkq ;f] jif{ ;dfKt eP sf] l dltn] tL; lbgleq pknAw
u/fO{ ;Sg' kg{] 5 jf ;f] jif{ df ;f] s d{ rf/Ln] ;f] clu| d s/ sL

105
ug{] Jol Qmsf] df /fh

] uf/L u g{ 5 f8] ] sf] eP ;f] /fh
] uf/L 5 f8] ] sf]
ldltn] tL; lbgleq ;f] k| df0 fk q pknAw u/fpg' k g{] 5 .
(@=
clGtd ?kdf s/ sL x'g] e'QmfgL

mfgL M -!_ b]xfosf e'QmfgLnfO{ clGtd ?kdf s/ sL
x'g] e' QmfgL dflgg]5 M
-s_
afl ;Gbf sDkgLn]] e' QmfgL u/] sf] nfef+ z,
-v_
Joj ;fo ;~ rfng ul //x] sf] afxs

] cGo kf| sl[ ts Jol QmnfO{
gk] fn df ;f| t] e Psf] hUu f jf 3/ / ;f] ;u+ ufl ;Psf h 8fgx? /
pks /0fx? afkt e' QmfgL u/] sf] ef8f,
-u_ jfl;Gbf JolQmn] nufgL aLdf jfkt e'QmfgL u/]s f] nfe .

-3_
afl;Gbf JolQmn] lt/] sf] :jLs[lt glnPsf] cjsfz sf] ifsf] lxt
afkt e' QmfgL u/] sf] nfe,
-_ bkmf ** sf] pkbkmf -#_ df pNn] v eP adf]lhd a}+ s, ljQLo

;+:yf jf C0f kq hf/L ug]{ cGo s' g} lgsfo jf k| rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd ;"lrs[t ePsf sDkgLn] e'QmfgL lbPsf] b]xfo
adf]l] hdsf] AofhM
-!_
gk] fn df ;f| ] t ePsf] / Joj ;fo ;~rfn g;+ u ;DalGwt

geP sf] kf| sl[ ts JolQmnfO{{ e' QmfgL u /] sf] ,
-@_
bkmf @ sf] v08 -w_ adfl] h dsf] s/ 5' 6 kfpg] ;:+ y fnfO{
eQ
' mfgL u /s
] f,]
-r_
bkmf *&, ** jf *( adf]l hd u}/ afl;Gbf JolQmnfO{

lbOPsf] s/ sL x' g' kg]{ e' QmfgL .
-5_ g]k fn ;/sf/ jf :jLs[t cjsfz sf]if jf :jLs[lt glnPsf]

cjsfz sf]ifaf6 e' QmfgL ul/Psf] cjsfz e' QmfgLx ;d]t
;a} k|s f/sf cjsfz e' QmfgLx -lgoldt ?kdf e'QmfgL x'g]
lga[l Qe/0f afx] s _,

106
-@_
-h_ a}7s eQf, k6s] ?kdf cWofkg u/fP jfktsf] e' QmfgL,
-em_ cfsl:ds nfe jfktsf] e' QmfgL .
clu| d s/ sL ug]{ JolQmn] jf s/ sL x'g] JolQmn] clGtd ?kdf
sL x' g] e' QmfgLaf6 bkmf *&, ** jf *( adf]lhd s/ sL u/] s f] jf bkmf () sf]

pkbkmf -#_ adf]l hd sL ul/Psf] egL dflgPsf] s/ /sd ljefunfO{ bflvnf u/]df
bkmf # sf] v08 -u_ df pNn] v eP adf]lhdsf] JolQmn] s/ bfloTj k"/ f u/]sf]
dflgg] 5 .
(#=
clGtd ?kdf sL gx'g] s/sf] ldnfg ;'ljwf / ;dfj]z M -!_ s'g} e' QmfgLsf] /sd
u0fgf ug]{ k| of] hgsf] nflu ;f] e' QmfgLaf6 s'g} s/ sL ul/Psf] eP To:tf] s/ sL
/sdnfO{ ;f] e' QmfgLsf] c+z sf] ?kdf lnOg]5 .
-@_
clGtd ?kdf s/ sL x' g] e' QmfgL afx] ssf] s'g} e'QmfgLdf s/ sL
ePsf] /x] 5 eg] s/ sL x' g] JolQmn] b]x fo adf]l hdsf] s/ /sd bflvnf u/] ;/x
dflgg] 5 M
-s_
bkmf *&, ** jf *( adf]lhd e' QmfgLdf sL ul/Psf] s/ /sd,
-v_
clu|d s/ sL ug]{ JolQm jf s/ sL x'g] JolQmn] bkmf () sf]

pkbkmf - #_ adfl] hdsf] jf e' QmfgLdf s / sL u/s
] f] dflgg] s /
/sd ljefu df bflvnf u /s

] f] eP T o:tf] /s d .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hdsf] /sd s/ sL x' g] JolQmn] ;f] e' QmfgL u/] sf]
cfo jif{ df bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ s/ /sddf dfq ldnfg ug{ bfjL ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
kl/R5]b!*
ls:tfaGbL / clu|d s/
($=
ls:tfaGbLdf s/ bflvnfM
bflvnf
-!_ s'g} Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 s'g} cfo jif{ df
lgwf{ /0fof]Uo cfo ePsf] jf x'g] JolQmn] b] xfo adf]l hd tLg ls:tfdf s/ bflvnf
ug'{ kg]{5M
bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ ldlt
bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ /sd

cfly{s P]g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ zf]lwt .
107
kf}if dlxgfsf] cGTo;Dd
cg'd flgt s/sf] $) /sddWo] ltg{

afF s L s/ /sd
r} q dlxgfsf] cGTo;Dd
cg'dflgt s/sf] &) /sddWo] ltg{ afF sL

s/ /sd
cfiff9 dlxgfsf] cGTo;Dd
cg'd flgt s/sf] !)) /sddWo] ltg{

afF s L s/ /sd
:ki6Ls/0f M o; pkbkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu,

nflu,
-s_ cg' dflgt s/ eGgfn] ls:tfaGbLdf s/ bflvnf ug'{k g]{ s' g} JolQmn]
s'g} jif{ s f] ls:tfaGbL s/ bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ ;dodf bkmf (% adf]lhd
u0fgf u/] sf] ls:tfaGbLsf] cg' dflgt s/ ;Dg' k5{ .
-v_ ltg{ afF sL s/ /sd eGgfn] cg' dflgt s/sf] o; pkbkmfdf ls:tfdf
bflvnf ug{ tf]lsPsf] k|ltztn] x' g] /sdaf6 b] xfosf] s'n hDdf /sd
36fpF bf gk'u x'g] /sd ;Dg' k5{ M
-!_
;DalGwt ls:tf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ ldlt cufl8 o; bkmf adf]lhd

k"j{ ls:tff/f ;f] cfo jif{ df bflvnf u/] sf] s/ /sd,
-@_ ;f] cfo jif{ df ;DalGwt ls:tf bflvnf ug'{k g]{ ldltcufl8 s'g}
JolQmsf] kl/R5]b!& adf]lhd ;f] jif{ df ;f] JolQmsf] cfo
u0fgf ubf{ ;dfj] z x' g] e' QmfgLxaf6 sL ePsf] s/ /sd,
-#_
ls:tf a' fpg' kg]{ ldlteGbf cufl8 ;f] jif{ df s/sL ug]{
Ph]06 jf s/sL x' g] JolQmn] pkv08 -@_ df plNnlvt
e'QmfgLaf6 bkmf () sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]l hd s/sL ePsf]
dflgg] /sd ljefudf bflvnf u/] sf] eP To:tf] s/ /sd, /
-$_
ls:tf a' fpg' kg]{ ldlteGbf cufl8 ;f] JolQmn] u/] sf] :jLs[t
cf} iflw pkrf/ vr{ sf] ;DaGwdf ;f] JolQmn] bkmf %! adf]lhd
bfaL ug{ ;Sg] cf} iflw pkrf/ vr{sf] s/ ldnfg /sd .
108
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;' s} s' /f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg ;f] pkbkmf
adf]l hd a' emfpg' kg]{ ;du| ls:tfsf] hDdf /sd kfF r xhf/
?k}o fF eGbf sd ePdf To:tf] ls:tfsf] /sd a' emfpg' kg]{ 5} g .
-#_
ls:tf bflvnf ug]{ JolQmn] o; bkmf adf]l hd s'g} cfo jif{df
ls:tfjGbLsf dfWodaf6 bflvnf u/] s f] s/ /sd ;f] jif{df nfUg] s/ afkt sL

ug{ kfpg]5 .
(%=
bflvn ug'{ kg]{ cg'dflgt s/sf] ljj/0f M -!_ s'g} cfo jif{df ls:tf bflvnf ug'{
kg]{ k| To] s JolQmn] bkmf ($ adf]l hd ;f] jif{df klxnf] s/ ls:tf /sd a' fpg'
kg]{ ldltleq ;f] jif{ sf nflu ;f] JolQmsf] b]xfosf /sdsf] cg' d fg pNn] v u/L
;f] sf] ljj/0f ljefuaf6 tf]lsPsf] 9fF rf / tl/sfdf ljefudf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_
/f] huf/L, Joj;fo / nufgLsf] k| To] s ;| f]taf6 pQm JolQmn]

;f] jif{ d f k| fKt ug{ ;Sg] lgwf{/0fof] Uo cfo tyf To:tf]
-v_
cfosf] ;| f]t,
;f] jif{d f k| fKt x' g ;Sg] ;f] JolQmsf] s/of] Uo cfo / cf}i flw
pkrf/ vr{ afkt s/ ldnfgsf] /sd g36fO{ bkmf $
adf]l hd u0fgf u/L bkmf # sf] v08 -s_ df plNnlvt
JolQmn] bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ s/ /sd,
-u_
u}/ afl;Gbf JolQmsf] g]kfnl:yt ljb]zL :yfoL ;+ : yfkgsf]

;DaGwdf To:tf] ljb]zL ;+: yfkgn] ;f] jif{ df ljb] z k7fPsf]
cfo /sd / ;f] cfodf bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]l hd
u0fgf ul/Psf] bkmf # sf] v08 -v_ df plNnlvt JolQmn]
bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ s/ /sd, /
-3_
-@_
ljefun] tf] s]sf] cGo s'g} ljj/0f .
pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt JolQmsf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ / -
u_ df plNnlvt s/ /sdsf] of] u ;f] cfo jif{ df bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ cg' dflgt s/
x'g]5 .
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .

109
-#_
pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]l hd s'g} cfo jif{df bflvnf ug'{
kg]{ s/sf] cg'dfg ug{ bkmf &! adf]l hd bfaL ul/g] j}b]lzs s/ ldnfg
/sdsf] u0fgf ubf{ s'g} JolQmn] ;f] jif{ df bflvnf u/]s f] s'g} j}b]lzs s/ jf ;f]
jif{d f bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ egL lghn] cg'dfg u/]s f] ljb]z L cfos/ dfq u0fgf ug'{
kg]{5 .
-$_ s/sf] ls:tf bflvnf ug]{ s'g} JolQmn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf]
9fFr fdf cfjZos hfgsf/L pNn]v u/L ;+zf]wgsf sf/0fx? v'nfO{ ;+zf]l wt
cg'dfg ljefudf k]z gu/];Dd lghn] ;f] pkbkmf adf]l hd u/]s f] cg'dfg ;f]
cfo jif{ e/sf] nflu sfod /xg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n] lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} JolQmn]
pkbkmf -$_ adf] lhd k]z u/]sf] ;+z f]l wt cg'dfg ljefu ;dIf k]z u/]s f] ldlt
kl5 ;f] cfo jif{d f bkmf ($ adf]lhd a' fpg' kg]{ s/sf] ls:tfsf] lx;fa ubf{
dfq nfu" x'g] 5 .
-^_
pkbkmf -!_ / -%_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s/sf]
ls:tf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ s'g} JolQm jf s/sf] ls:tf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ s'g} ju{n]
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cg' dfg k]z ug'{ gkg]{ u/L ljefun] tf] Sg ;Sg]5 .
-&_
pkbkmf -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s/sf] ls:tf
bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ s'g} JolQmn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd s'g} cfo jif{df cg' dfg k]z
gu/]df jf k]z ul/Psf] cg'd fg jf ;+z f]lwt cg'd fgdf ljefu ;Gt' i6 gePdf
=========================== ljefun] b] xfo adf]lhd ug{ ;Sg]5 M

-s_
;f] JolQmsf] ;f] jif{ d f bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ cg'dflgt s/sf]

cg'd fg bkmf # sf] v08 -s_ jf -v_ df plNnlvt JolQmn]
ut cfo jif{ df bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ s/sf] cfwf/df ug{ ;Sg]5,
/
-v_
ljefun] v08 -s_ adf]l hd tof/ u/] s f] cg' d fg ;f] cg' d fg

tof/ ug{ k|o f] u u/]sf] tl/sf / JolQmn] k]z u/]sf]
cg'd fgdf ljefu ;Gt'i 6 x'g g;s]sf] eP ;f] sf] sf/0f ;d] t

110
pNn] v ul/Psf] lnlvt ;" rgf ljefun] ls:tf bflvnf ug'{

kg]{ JolQmnfO{ lbg]5 .
-*_
ljefun] ls:tf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ JolQmnfO{ pkbkmf -&_ adf]l hd
;" rgf lbPdf ;f] jif{d f ;f] JolQmn] bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ cg' dflgt s/ /sd ljefun]
cg'd fg u/]s f] /sd x'g] 5 .
(%s= clu|d s/ c;'n ug]{ M -!_ sdf]l86L k\ mo'r / dfs]{ 6 cGtu{t Jofkf/ ug]{ JolQmjf6 ;f]
JolQmn] ;f] Joj;fojf6 k| fKt ug]{ d' gfkmf / nfedf bz k|ltztsf b/n] x'g] /sd
sdf]l86L k\mo'r/ dfs]{ 6 ;]jf ;+ rfng ug]{ lgsfon] clu| d s/ c;' n ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-@_ k|rlnt sfg' g jdf]lhd btf{ eO{ lwtf]k qsf] v/Lb laqmLsf] sf/f]j f/ ug]{
afl;Gbf lgsfo jfx] s cGo s'g} JolQmnfO{ s' g} jfl;Gbf lgsfodf /x]sf] lxtsf]
lg;u{jf6 nfe x'g uPdf bkmf #& jdf]lhd u0fgf ul/Psf] To:tf] nfedf b]xfo
jdf]lhd clu| d s/ c;' n ug'{ kg]{ 5M
-s_
g]kfn lwtf] kq jf] 8{df ;" rLs/0f ePsf] lgsfosf] lxtsf]

lg;u{jf6 k|fKt nfesf] xsdf lwtf] kq ljlgdo jhf/sf] sfo{
ug]{ lgsfon] jfl;Gbf k| fs[l ts JolQmsf] xsdf nfe /sdsf]
bz k|l tzt / cGosf] xsdf nfe /sdsf] kGw| k|ltztsf
b/n] ,
-v_ g] kfn lwtf] kq jf]8{d f ;" rLs/0f gePsf] lgsfosf] lxtsf]

lg;u{jf6 k| fKt nfesf] xsdf h' g lgsfosf] lxt lg;u{
ePsf] xf] ;f]xL lgsfon] jfl;Gbf k| fs[lts JolQmsf] xsdf
nfe /sdsf] bz k|ltzt / cGosf] xsdf nfe /sdsf] kGw|
k|ltztsf b/n] ,
-#_ s'g} k| fs[lts JolQmsf] hUuf jf lghL ejg lg;u{ jfkt ePsf] k"+hLut
nfedf dfnkf]t sfof{ non] /lh:6] z gsf jvt b] xfo jdf]lhd clu| d s/ c;'n ug'{
kg]{ 5M

111
-s_
lg;u{ ePsf] u}/ Joj;foLs s/of]U o ;DklQ -hUuf tyf

ejg_ sf] :jfldTj kfF r aif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L ePsf] 5 eg]
kf+ r k|l tztsf b/n] ,
-v_
lg;u{ ePsf] u}/ Joj;foLs s/of]U o ;DklQ -hUuf tyf

ejg_ sf] :jfldTj kfF r aif{ eGbf sd ePsf] 5 eg] bz
k|ltztsf b/n] ,
-$_ pkbkmf -!_, -@_ / -#_ jdf]lhd clu| d s/ c;' n ug'{ kg]{ JolQmn] clu| d
s/ c;'n gu/] s f] eP klg c;'n x' g' kg]{ ;dodf ;f] s/ c;' n u/] sf] dflgg] 5 .
-%_ clu| d s/ c;' n ug'{ kg]{ JolQmn] k|T o]s dlxgf ;dfKt ePsf] kRrL; lbg
leq ljefun] tf] s]sf] tl/sf / 9f+ rfdf ljefudf ljj/0f bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ df plNnlvt ljj/0f;+u clu| d s/ c;' n ul/Psf] /sd jf
pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -s_ jdf]lhd c;' n u/] sf] dflgPsf] /sd ;f] xL pkbkmf
adf]lhdsf] Dofb leq ljefudf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ b]xfo jdf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf clu| d s/ bfvLnf ug'{ kg]{ / c;' n ug'{ kg]{
JolQm b'j} hgf ;+ o' Qm ?kdf / 5'6\6f5' 6\6} ?kdf ;f] s/ /sd ljefudf bflvnf ug{
lhDd]jf/ x'g] 5g\M
-s_
clu| d s/ c;' n ug'{ kg]{ JolQmn] clu| d s/ c;' n gu/] d f, /
-v_
clu| d s/ c;' n ug'{ kg]{ JolQmn] pkbkmf -$_ jdf]l hd

c;' n u/] s f] dflgg] /sd pkbkmf -^_ jdf]l hd ljefudf
bfvLnf
gu/] d f .
-*_ pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd clu| d s/ bfvLnf ug'{ kg]{ JolQmn] pkbkmf -%_ df
plNnlvt Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] kRrL; lbg leq ;f] s/ bfvLnf ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-(_ clu| d s/ c;' n ug'{ kg]{ JolQmn] c;'n gu/] sf] clu| d s/ pkbkmf -^_
jdf]lhd ljefudf bfvLnf u/] sf] eP ;f] bfvLnf ePsf] s/ /sd j/fj/sf] /sd ;f]
s/ bfvLnf ug'{ kg]{ JolQmjf6 c;'n pk/ ug{ kfpg]5 .
112
-!)_ o; bkmf jdf]l hd bfvLnf ul/Psf] clu|d s/ bfvLnf ug'{ kg]{ JolQmn]
ltg'{ kg]{ aflif{ s s/ bfloTjdf 36fpg
kfpg]5 .
kl/R5]
kl/R5]b!(
cfo ljj/0f / s/ lgwf{/0f
(^=
cfo ljj/0f M -!_ k| To] s JolQmn] cfo jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] tLg dlxgfleqdf bkmf
(&, (* / !)) sf] cwLgdf /xL ;f] jif{sf] cfo ljj/0f ljefun] tf] s]sf] :yfgdf
bflvnf ug{' kg{]5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cfo ljj/0f b] xfo adf]lhd x' g' kg]{5 M
-s_
b]xfosf s' /f v' nfO{ ljefuaf6 tf]lsPsf] tl/sf / 9fF rfdf

tof/ ug'{ kg]{ 5 M
-!_
k| To] s /f] huf/L, Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6 ;f] JolQmsf] ;f] jif{ df

ePsf] lgwf{ /0fof]Uo cfo / To:tf] cfosf] ;| f]t,
-@_
;f] jif{ d f ;f] JolQmsf] s/of] Uo cfo / ;f] cfodf bkmf # sf]
v08 -s_ df plNnlvt JolQmnfO{ nfUg] s/,
-#_
u}/ afl;Gbf JolQmsf] g] kfndf /x] s f] ljb] z L :yfoL ;+ : yfkgn] ;f]

cfo jif{ df ljb] z k7fPsf] cfo / ;f] cfodf nfUg] s/,
-$_
-%_
-^_
ljefun] tf] s]s f] cGo s'g} ;" rgf tyf hfgsf/L .
==================
====================
-v_
cfo ljj/0f l7s ;fF rf] / k" 0 f{ ePsf] eGg] 3f]i f0ff u/L ;f]
JolQm jf Joj:yfksaf6 ;lx5fk ul/Psf] x'g' kg]{ 5 , /
-u_
cfo ljj/0f;fy b]x fosf s'/ fx? ;+ nUg x'g' kg]{ 5 M
-!_
-@_
pkbkmf -$_ adf]l hd ;f] JolQmnfO{ pknAw u/fOPsf] s'g}
===================,
ljj/0f,

113
-#_
bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]l hd s' g} 5gf} 6 ul/Psf] eP ;f] sf]
k| df0f, /
-$_ ljefun] tf] s]s f] cGo s'g} ;" rgf tyf hfgsf/L .
-#_
s'g} JolQmn] sd{rf/Lsf] x}l ;otn] afx] s s' g} e' QmfgL lnP/ s' g} csf]{
JolQmsf] cfo ljj/0f jf cfo ljj/0f;fy ;+ nUg x'g' kg]{ sfuhft jf ljj/0f tof/
kf/]df jf tof/ kfg{ ;xof]u u/] df To:tf] JolQmn] b]xfosf] s'/f k| dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_
csf]{ JolQmn] bkmf *! adf]l hd /fv]sf] sfuhftx? hfF r

u/] s f], /
-v_
ljj/0f jf hfgsf/Ln] ;DalGwt kl/l:yltnfO{ jf:tljs

?kdf k|l tlalDat u/] sf] .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]l hd ljj/0f k| dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{ JolQmn] ljj/0f
k| dfl0ft ug{ O{G sf/ u/] df To;/L O{Gsf/ ug{' sf sf/0fx? lnlvt ?kdf pNn] v u/L
h;sf] cfo ljj/0f k| dfl0ft u/L lbg' kg]{ xf] ;f] JolQmnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{ 5 .
-%_
b]xfosf cj:yfdf pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd s'g} cfo jif{s f] cfo ljj/0f
bflvn ug'{ kg]{ DofbeGbf cufj} bkmf !)) sf] cwLgdf /xL ljefun] s'g} JolQmnfO{
lbPsf] lnlvt ;" rgfdf plNnlvt Dofbleq ;f] cfo jif{ jf cfo jif{sf] s'g} efusf]
cfo ljj/0f bflvn u/fpg ;Sg]5 M
-s_
;f] JolQm 6f6 klN6Pdf, C0fdf 8'a] df jf la36g ePdf,
-v_
;f] JolQmn] clglZrt ;dosf nflu g] kfn 5f] 8\g] ePdf,
-u_
;f] JolQmn] s'g} sf/0fn] g] kfndf ul//]xsf] sfo{ 5f] 8\g

nfu] df, jf
-3_
(&=
ljefun] cGoyf pko'Qm ;D]d f .
cfo ljj/0f bflvnf ug{ gkg]{ M ljefun] lnlvt ?kdf cfb]z lbPdf jf ;fj{ hlgs
?kdf ;" rgf k| s fzg u/L cfb]z lbPdf afx] s b]x fosf s' g} klg JolQmn] bkmf (^
adf]l hd s'g} cfo jif{ s f] cfo ljj/0f k]z ug'{ kg]{ 5} g M
-s_
;f] cfo jif{ df bkmf # sf] v08 -s_ df plNnlvt JolQmdWo] s/ ltg'{ gkg]{
s'g} JolQm,

114
-v_
;f] cfo jif{ df bkmf # sf] v08 -u_ df plNnlvt JolQm, =============
-u_
;f] cfo jif{ df bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -#_ cfslif{ t x'g] s'g} afl;Gbf k| fs[l ts
JolQm, jf .
-3_ cg' ;"rL! sf] bkmf ! sf] pkbkmf -!#_ adf]l hd s/ bflvnf ug]{
;jf/L;fwgsf] wgL k| fs[l ts JolQm ePdf To:tf] k| fs[l ts JolQm .
(*=
cfo ljj/0f bflvnf ug]{ Dofb yk M -!_ bkmf (^ adf]l hd cfo ljj/0f bflvnf ug'{
kg]{ s'g} JolQmn] To:tf] ljj/0f bflvnf ug]{ Dofbleq ljefu ;dIf yk Dofbsf]
nflu lnlvt lgj]bg lbPdf dgfl;j dflkmssf] sf/0f ePdf ljefun] cfoljj/0f
bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ Dofb yk ul/lbg ;Sg] 5 . o;/L Dofb yksf nflu lbPsf] lgj]bg
;DaGwdf ljefun] u/]s f] lg0f{ osf] hfgsf/L lgj] bsnfO{ lnlvt ?kdf lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd cfo ljj/0f k] z ug{ ljefun] Ps} k6s jf k6s
k6s u/L al9df tLg dxLgf;Dd Dofb yk ug{ ;Sg]5 .

((=
s/ lgwf{/0f M -!_ s'g} JolQmn] b]x fosf /sdx? v' nfO{ cfoljj/0f bflvnf ug'{ kg]{
ldltdf s'g}] cfo jif{ s f] cfoljj/0f bflvnf u/]s f] /x]5 eg] ;f] cfoljj/0fsf] s/
lgwf{ /0f u/] ;/x dflgg] 5 M
-s_
bkmf # sf] v08 -s_ / -v_ df plNnlvt JolQmn] ;f] cfo

jif{d f ltg'{ kg]{ cfo ljj/0fdf pNn] v u/]s f] s/sf] /sd, /
-v_
cfo ljj/0fdf pNn]v u/] sf] pQm jif{s f] ltg{ afFsL s/

/sd .
-@_
s'g} JolQmn] s'g} cfo jif{ s f] cfo ljj/0f k] z gu/] df cfo ljj/0f
bflvnf geP;Ddsf] nflu cfo ljj/0f k] z ug'{ kg]{ ldltdf b]xfo adf]l hd s/
lgwf{ /0f u/] ;/x dflgg] 5 M
-s_
kl/R5]b !& adf]lhd k| fKt u/]sf] /sdaf6 sL ePsf] s'g}

s/sf] /sd tyf lghn] kl/R5]b !* adf]l hd ;f] jif{sf]
nflu ls:tfaGbLdf bflvnf u/] sf] s'g} /sdsf] of] u a/fj/
lghsf] ;f] jif{ sf] s/sf] /sd ePsf] dflgg]5, /


115
-v_
s/ lgwf{/0f adf]l hd s/ ltg{ afFs L g/x]s f] dflgg]5 .
!))= ;+zo s/ lgwf{/0f M -!_ bkmf (^ sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]l hd s'g} cfo jif{ jf s'g}
cfojif{ sf] s'g} c+z sf] cfo ljj/0f bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ ePdf bkmf (( adf]l hd ug'{
kg]{ 5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg bkmf (^ sf]
pkbkmf -%_ df plNnlvt cj:yfdf ljefun] s' g} cfo jif{ jf ;f] jif{sf] c+ zsf]
nflu bkmf (^ sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08
-s_ sf] pkv08 -!_, -@_, / -#_ df
plNnlvt /sdsf] cfwf/df Gofof]l rt ?kn] ;f] JolQmsf] s/ lgwf{/ 0f ug{ ;Sg] 5 M
-s_
s'g} cfo jif{ jf ;f] jif{ sf] c+ zsf] nflu bkmf (^ sf] pkbkmf
-@_ sf] v08 -s_ sf] pkv08 -!_, -@_, -#_ / -$_ df
plNnlvt /sd, /
-v_
s'g} cfo jif{ jf ;f] jif{ sf] c+ zsf] nflu bkmf (^ sf] pkbkmf
-@_ sf] v08 -s_ sf] pkv08 -%_ adf]l hd bflvnf ug{
afF s L /x]sf] /sd .
-#_
pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd s/ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] df b]x fo adf]l hd
x'g]5 M
-s_
k"/f cfo jif{sf] s/ lgwf{ /0f ul/Psf] JolQmn] ;f] cfojif{sf]

nflu bkmf (^ sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cfo ljj/0f
bflvn ug'{ kg]{ 5} g, jf
-v_
s'g} cfo jif{ sf] c+ zsf] s/ lgwf{ /0f ul/Psf] JolQmn] bkmf
(^ sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd ;f] cfo jif{s f] cfo ljj/0f
bflvn ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ s'g} cfo jif{ sf] s' g} c+ zsf] s/ lgwf{/ 0f cg' ;f/ bflvnf u/] sf] s/
/sd k"/ f jif{sf] s/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ nfUg] s/df ldnfg ug{ kfOg]5 .
-%_
o; bkmf adf]l hd s/ lgwf{ /0fubf{ ljefun] ;kmfO{ sf] ;j" t k| d f0f
k]z ug{ ;ft lbgsf] Dofb lbg' kg]{ 5 .
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .

116
!)!= ;+zf]lwt s/ lgwf{/0f M -!_
bkmf (( jf !)) adf]l hd s/ lgwf{/ 0f ePsf]
JolQmsf] s/sf] bfloTj o; P]gsf] p2] Zo adf]l hd Gofof]lrt cfwf/df ;dfof] hg

ug{ ljefun] ;+z f]l wt s/ lgwf{/ 0f ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd ul/Psf] ;+z f]lwt s/ lgwf{ /0fdf k' gM
;+zf]wg ug{ ljefun] pko'Qm 7fg] df Gofof] lrt cfwf/df hltk6s klg ;+zf]wg
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_
ljefun] pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd s/ lgwf{ /0f ubf{ b] xfosf]
ldltn] rf/ jif{l eq ul/;Sg' kg]{5 M

-s_
bkmf (( adf]lhd s/ lgwf{/ 0f ePsf]d f cfo ljj/0f k] z ug'{

kg]{ ldlt,
-v_
bkmf !)) sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd s/ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf]df

s/ lgwf{ /0f ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ bkmf !)@ adf]l hd s/
lgwf{ /0fsf] ;" rgf lbPsf] ldlt,
-u_
pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd s/ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] df pkbkmf

-!_ adf]l hd ;+zf] wg ul/Psf] ;flassf] s/ lgwf{ /0f;+ u
;DalGwt v08 -s_ jf -v_ df plNnlvt ldlt .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ df h'g;'s } s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg hfn;fhLn] ubf{

s'g} JolQmsf] s/ lgwf{ /0f unt 9+ uaf6 ePsf] /x] 5 eg] h'g;'s} avt ljefun]
To:tf] s/ lgwf{ /0fdf ;+z f]wg ug{ ;Sg] 5 . o;/L ;+z f]wg ubf{ hfn;fhL u/L
ljj/0f /fv]sf] jf s/ lgwf{ /0f u/]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] Ps jif{l eq ;+zf]wg
ul/;Sg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ df h'g;'s } s'/f n] lvPsf] eP tfklg /fh:j
Gofoflws/0f jf cGo clwsf/k|fKt cbfntx?af6 s/ lgwf{ /0f ;+ zf] wg ul/Psf] jf
lgwf{l /t s/ 36fOPsf] cj:yfdf ;f] xb;Dd ljefun] To:tf] s/ lgwf{/0fdf ;+z f] wg
ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .
t/ k'gM 5fgljg ug]{ cfb]z lbPdf ;+z f] wg ug{ afwf k' u]s f] dflgg] 5}g .
117
-^_
o; bkmf adf]l hd s/ lgwf{ /0fdf ;+ z f] wgubf{ ljefun] To;/L
;+ zf] wg ug'{ k/] sf] cfwf/ :ki6 v' nfO{ ;f] JolQmnfO{ lnlvt ;" rgf lbO{ To:tf] s/
lgwf{ /0f ;DaGwdf ;kmfO{sf] ;j" t k|df0f k] z ug{ kGw| lbgsf]] Dofb lbg' kg]{5 .
!)@= s/ lgwf{/0fsf] ;'rgf M ljefun] b]xfosf s'/ fx? v' nfO{ bkmf !)) sf] pkbkmf -@_
jf bkmf !)! adf]l hd u/] sf] s/ lgwf{/0fsf] lnlvt ;" rgf s/ lgwf{/ 0f ul/Psf]
JolQmnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-s_
s/ lgwf{/ 0f;+ u ;DalGwt cfo jif{ jf cjlwsf] nflu bkmf # sf] v08 -s_ /
-v_ df plNnlvt JolQmn] bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ / bflvnf ug{ afF sL lgwf{l /t s/,
-v_
v08 -s_ df plNnlvt s/ lgwf{ /0fdf s/ u0fgf ul/Psf] tl/sf,
-u_
ljefun] s/ lgwf{ /0f ug'{ k/] sf] sf/0f,
-3_
bflvnf ug{ afFs L lgwf{l /t s/ bflvn ug'{ kg]{ ;do, /
-_
s/ lgwf{/ 0f pk/ lrQ ga' ] df ph" /L ug]{ ;do, :yfg / tl/sf .
kl/R5]b @)
s/ ;+sng, ldGxf / lkmtf{
!)#= sL u/L a'fpg' kg]{ s/ afktsf] ;'/If0f M -!_ clu|d s/ sL ug'{ kg]{ JolQmn]
kl/R5]b !& adf]lhd sL ug{' kg]{ s/nfO{ cbfntsf] cfb]z jf cGo s'g} sfg"g
adf]l hd jf cGo s'g} lsl;dn] ug'{ kg]{ e' QmfgLnfO{ eGbf cu| flwsf/ lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_
clu| d s/ sL ug'{ kg]{ JolQmn] kl/R5] b !& adf]l hd sf u/]sf]
s/;DaGwdf b]x fo adf]l hd x'g] 5 M

-s_
To:tf] JolQmn] s{ L u/]s f] s/ / To:tf] s/ afkt s'g}

;DklQ k| fKt u/]sf] eP ;f] ;d] t g] kfn ;/sf/sf] lgldQ
/f]Ssf /fv]s f] dflgg] ,
-v_
;f] sL ul/Psf] s/ /sd To:tf] JolQmsf] C0f jf

bfloTj;+ u cfj4 ug{ g;lsg] , /
-u_
To:tf] s/ sL ug]{ Ph] 06 6f6 klN6Psf] jf lj36g ePsf]

cj:yfdf ;f] s/ sL /sd To;/L lj36g ePsf] jf 6f6
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .

118
kN6] s f] h] yfsf] efu gdflgg] / To;/L lj36g eO{ jf 6f6

klN6O{ efu nufpg' kbf{ sL ul/Psf] s/ jf ;f] ;DklQ
pk/ ljefusf] klxnf] bfjL /xg] .
!)$= ;Dklt dflysf] bfaL M -!_ k| rlnt sfg" gdf h' g;'s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg s'g}
JolQmn] s/ bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ ldlt;Dddf ;f] s/ bflvnf gu/] d f ;f] s/ aSof} tf
/fVg] JolQmsf] ;Dkltdf g] kfn ;/sf/sf] bfaL l;h{gf ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ adf] lhd bfaL l;h{gf x'g] ;DklQ dfly bfaL ubf{
ljefun] b]x fosf s'/ fx? v' nfPsf] lnlvt ;" rgf ;f] JolQmnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 M
-#_
-s_
bfaL ul/Psf] ;DklQsf] ljj/0f,
-v_
pkbkmf -#_ df pNn] v ul/P adf]l hdsf] bfaLsf] ;Ldf,
-u_
;f] bfaL;+u ;DalGwt s/, /
-3_
cGo s'g} s'/ f eP ;f] s'/f .
pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd ;DklQdfly bfaL ubf{ To:tf] JolQmn]
a'fpg' kg]{ s/, To:tf] s/sf ;DaGwdf bkmf !!( adf]l hd a'fpg' kg]{
Aofh, bfaL / lnnfd laqmL ubf{ nfu]s f vr{x?sf] xb;Dd dfq bfaL l;h{gf
x'g]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd ul/Psf] bfaL b]xfosf sfo{ geP;Dd nfu"
x'g] 5} g M
-s_
ejg tyf hUuf hldgsf] ;DaGwdf pkbkmf -^_ adf]l hd

bfaL btf{ u/fpg ljefun] hfgsf/L glbP;Dd,
-v_
cGo k| ToIf ;Dkltsf ;DaGwdf ljefun] bkmf !)% sf]

pkbkmf -#_ adf]l hd To:tf] ;Dklt sAhf gu/] ;Dd, /
-u_
cGo h'g ;' s} cj:yfdf s/ aSof} tf /x] sf] JolQmnfO{ pkbkmf

-@_ adf]l hdsf] ;" rgf glbP;Dd .
-%_
s/ aSof} tf /x]s f] JolQmn] a' fpg' kg{] pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd ul/Psf]
bfaLaf6 vfldPsf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]l hdsf] ;Dk"0 f{ /sd ljefunfO{ a' fPdf bfaL
ul/Psf] ;DklQ km' s' jf x' g]5 .
119
-^_
pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd ljefun] s'g} hUuf, hldg jf ejg pk/
bfaL u/]df ;DalGwt dfnkf]t sfof{nonfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{ 5 / pQm

sfof{non] To:tf] hUuf hldg jf ejg s;}nfO{ a]r lavg jf :jfldTj
x:tfGt/0f gx'g] u/L /f]Ssf /fVg' kg]{5 .
-&_
pkbkmf -%_ adf] lhd hUuf, hldg / ejg pk/sf] bfaL km's 'jf
ug'{ kg]{ ePdf ljefun] ;f]sf] hfgsf/L dfnkf] t sfof{nodf lbg' kg]{ 5 . To:tf]
hfgsf/L k| fKt ePkl5 dfnkf] t sfof{non] To:tf] /f] Ssf ePsf] hUuf hldg / ejgsf]
km's'jf ul/ lbg' kg]{ 5 .
-*_
pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd nfUg] vr{ sf ;DaGwdf ljefun] oyfzL3| s/
aSof} tf /x]s f JolQmnfO{ b]x fosf s'/fx? v' nfO{ ;" rgf lbg' kg]{5 M
-s_
To:tf] ;" rgf lbg' cufl8 s/ aSof} tf /x] sf] JolQmsf]

;DklQsf ;DaGwdf bfaL / lnnfd laqmL afkt ljefun]
u/] s f vr{x ?, /
-v_
To:tf vr{ x? s/ aSof} tf /x]s f] JolQmn] ljefunfO{ a' fpg'

kg]{ ldlt .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|o f] hgsf] nflu bfaL / lnnfd

laqmL ubf{ u/]s f] vr{ eGgfn] b]x fo adf]l hd ljefun] u/]sf]
jf ug'{ kg]{ vr{ ;Dg' k5{ M
-s_
;f] ;DklQ pk/sf] bfaL l;h{g f jf km' s' jf ug]{ ;DaGwdf o;

bkmf adf]lhd ljefun] u/] s f] jf ug'{ kg]{ vr{, jf
-v_
bfaL ul/Psf] ;DklQ sAhfdf lng] , cfkm" ;+u /fVg] / lnnfd

laqmL ug]{ ;DaGwdf bkmf !)% adf]l hd ljefun] u/] sf] jf
ug'{ kg]{ vr{ .
!)%= bfaL u/]sf] ;DklQsf] lnnfd laqmL M -!_ s/ aSof} tf /x] sf] JolQm;+ u /x] sf] bfaL
u/] s f] ;DklQ lnnfd laqmL ug]{ ;" rgf ljefun] s/ aSof} tf /x]sf] JolQmnfO{ lbg'
kg]{ 5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] ;" rgfnfO{ bkmf !)$ sf] pkbkmf -@_
adf]lhd lbOPsf] ;" rgfdf ;dfj] z ug{ jf To:tf] ;"rgf;+u ;+nUg ul/lbg ;lsg]5 .
120
o:tf] ;" rgfdf b]xfosf s'/fx? :ki6 ?kdf v'n fO{ s/ aSof} tf /x] sf] JolQmnfO{ lbg'
kg]{ 5 M
-s_
bfaL u/] sf] ;Dklt, ;f] ;DklQ lnnfd jf laqmL ul/g] tl/sf
/ ;do, /
-v_
d" t{ ;Dkltsf] ;DaGwdf ljefun] ;f] ;DklQ sAhfdf lng]]

tl/sf / :yfg .
-#_
ljefun] pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]l hdsf] ;" rgf s/ aSof} tf /x]sf]
JolQmnfO{ lbPkl5 b]xfo adf]lhd ug{ ;Sg] 5 M

-s_
s'g} klg ;dodf ;f] ;" rgfdf plNnlvt d" t{ ;DklQ sAhfdf
lng],
-v_
d" t{ ;DklQ sAhfdf lng] k|o f] hgsf] nflu pkbkmf -!_ sf]
;" rgfdf plNnlvt s' g} kl/;/df s' g} klg ;dodf k| j]z
ug{ , /
-u_
hUuf hldg jf ejg afx]s sf d" t{ ;DklQsf ;DaGwdf

To:tf ;DklQx? s/ aSof} tf /x]s f JolQmsf] vr{ df ljefun]
pko' Qm ;D] sf] s'g} klg :yfgdf /fVg .
-$_ ljefun] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] ;" rgf s/ aSof} tf /x] sf] JolQmnfO{
lbPsf]d f b]x fosf] ;dodf To:tf bfaL u/]sf] ;DklQ ;fj{ hlgs ?kdf lnnfd laqmL
ug{ jf pko' Qm ;D]sf] tl/sfaf6 To:tf] ;DklQsf] a] rlavg jf rng ug{
;Sg]5 M
-s_
bfaL u/] sf] ;DklQ hUuf hldg jf ejg ePdf pkbkmf -#_
adf]l hd To:tf] ;DklQ sAhfdf lnPsf] ldltn] tL; lbg
kl5,
-v_
bfaL u/] sf] ;DklQ gfz x'g] d" t{ ;DklQ ePdf pkbkmf -#_
adf]l hd sAhfdf lnPsf] Ps lbgkl5,
-u_
bfaL u/]sf] ;DklQ v08 -s_ jf -v_ df plNnlvt ;DklQ

afx]s sf d" t{ ;DklQ ePdf pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd sAhfdf
lnPsf] bz lbgkl5, /
121
-3_
cGo s' g} lsl;dsf] ;DklQ ePdf pkbkmf -#_ adf]l hd

To:tf] ;DklQ sAhfdf lnPsf] bz lbgkl5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]l hd lnnfd laqmLaf6 k|f Kt /sdaf6 ;j{ k|yd
lnnfd laqmL ul/Psf] ;DklQsf] bfaL / lnnfd laqmL ubf{ u/]s f] vr{
s6fO{g]5 . o;/L vr{ sL u/L ;s]kl5 a'fpg' kg]{ s/ / bkmf !!( adf]l hd
;f] s/sf ;DaGwdf a'fpg' kg]{ Aofh s6fOg]5 / To;kl5 s'g} /sd afFsL
/xg cfPdf To:tf] /sd s/ aSof} tf /x]sf JolQmnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg' kg]{]5 .
-^_
lnnfd laqmLaf6 k|f Kt /sd pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd ldnfg
ul/;s]kl5 ljefun] ;f] ldnfgsf] k|l qmof v'nfO{ Psf] lnlvt ;"rgf s/ aSof} tf
/x]s f JolQmnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-&_
lnnfd laqmLaf6 k|fKt /sdnfO{ pkbkmf -%_ adf]l hdsf] k|lqmof
ckgfO{ ldnfg ubf{ ;f] pkbkmfdf plNnlvt vr{, s/ / Aofh afktsf] /sd
k"0f{ ? kdf e'QmfgL ug{ ckof{ K t ePdf ljefun] gk' u /sd c;" npk/ ug{ bkmf !)$,
!!! jf o; bkmf adf]l hd k'gM sf/afxL k| f/De ug'{ kg]{5 .

-s_
bfaL u/] sf] ;DklQ eGgfn] clu|d s/ sL ug]{ JolQmn]

bkmf !)# sf] pkbkmf -@_ jf bkmf !)$ sf] pkbkmf -@_ df
plNnlvt s/ aSof} tf /x]s f] JolQmsf] ;DklQ ;Dg' k5{ .
-v_
bfaL / lnnfd laqmL ubf{ u/]sf] vr{ eGgfn] bkmf !)$

adf]l hd bfaL / lnnfd laqmL ubf{ u/]s f] vr{ ;Dg' k5{ .
-u_
s/ aSof} tf /x] sf] JolQm eGgfn] bkmf !)# / !)$ df

plNnlvt clu| d s/ sL ug]{ JolQm ;d] tnfO{ ;Dg' k5{ .
!)^= g]kfnaflx/ hfg

hfg /f]s nufOg] M -!_ s''g} JolQmn] s/ bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ ldltleq s/
bflvnf gu/]df ljefun] To:tf] JolQmnfO{ s/ bflvnf ug{ ;" rgf lbPsf]] ;do
e' QmfgL ePsf] ldltb]l v &@ 306f;Ddsf nflu g] kfn ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .

122
sfof{ nonfO{ lnlvt ;" rgf lbO{ ;f] JolQmnfO{ b]z af6 aflx/ hfgaf6 /f]Sg] cfb]z
lbg ;Sg] 5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt ;dofjlwdf yk ug{' kg]{ ePdf
ljefun] ;DalGwt k' g/fj]bg cbfntsf] k" j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .

-#_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] JolQmn] s/ bflvnf u/]df jf s/ bflvn
ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;Gtf] ifhgs Joj:yf u/]s f] ljefunfO{ nfu]df pkbkmf -!_
adf]l hd ;DalGwt sfof{nonfO{ ;"rgf lbO{ To:tf] cfb]z lkmtf{ lng ;Sg]5 .
!)&= lgsfosf clws[t sd{rf/LnfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfOg]M -!_ s'g} lgsfon] o; P] g adf]l hd
kfng ug'{ kg]{ s'g} s' /f kfng gu/]d f ;f] ;dodf ;f] lgsfosf] clws[ tsf] ?kdf
sfo{ ug]{ k| To] s JolQm ;f]s f] lgldQ lhDd] j f/ x'g]5g\ .
-@_
s'g} lgsfon] s/ a'fO{ ;Sg' kg]{ ldlt;Dd s/ ga'fO{ s;"/
u/]df ;f] lgsfosf tTsfn jxfn /x]s f jf ^ dlxgf cl3;Dd jxfn /x]sf
k|To]s clws[tx? ;+o'Qm jf 5'f5'} ?kdf ;f] s/ a'fpg lhDd] jf/ x'g]5g\ .
-#_
pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ df h'g ;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg ;f]
pkbkmfx? b]xfosf cj:yfdf nfu" x'g] 5}g g\ M

-s_
;f] JolQmsf] hfgsf/L jf dGh' /Lljgf ;f] lgsfon] To:tf]

s;"/ u/] sf] cj:yfdf, /
-v_
To:tf]
s;"/
x'g
glbg
;f]
JolQmn]
To:t}
;dfg
kl/l:yltx?df ;fdfGo dfgjLo ljj] s k|of] u ug]{ JolQmn]

ckgfpg] ;Ddsf] xf]l ;of/L, kl/>d / ;Lk ckgfPsf] jf
k|of] u u/] sf] ePdf .
-$_ s'g} JolQmn] pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd j' fpg' kg]{ s/ bflvnf u/]df ;f]
JolQmn] b]xfo adf]l hd ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_
lghn] To;/L bflvnf u/]s f] /sd ;f] lgsfoaf6 c;" npk/

ug{ ,
-v_
v08 -s_ sf] k|of] hgsf] nflu To;/L bflvnf u/]sf]

/sdeGbf a9L gx' g] u/L lghsf] sAhfdf /x]s f] jf /xg
123
cfpg] ;f] lgsfosf] b|Ao ;d] tsf ;DklQ cfgf] cwLgdf

/fVg .
-%_
pkbkmf -$_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]l hd s'g} JolQmn] s' g} ;DklQ
cwLgdf lnPdf To:tf] JolQm pk/ ;f] lgsfo jf cGo s' g} JolQmn] s'g} bfaL ug{
kfpg] 5} g .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|o f] hgsf] nflu s'g} lgsfosf clws[ t eGgfn]

;f] lgsfosf] Joj:yfks jf ;f] x}l ;otdf sfo{ ug]{ s'g} JolQm ;Dg' k5{ .
!)*= k|fksaf6 s/sf] c;'nL M -!_ k| To] s k| fksn] k|fkssf] kbdf lgo' Qm ePsf] ldlt jf
g]kfnl:yt s' g} ;DklQ sAhfdf lnPsf] ldltdWo] h'g cl3Nnf] x'G 5 ;f] ldltn] kGw|
lbgleq ljefunfO{ lnlvt ?kdf ;f] s' /fsf] ;" rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_
s/ aSof} tf /fVg] JolQmn]] bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ /sdsf] ;DaGwdf
ljefun] lnlvt ;"rgf k|f ksnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .

-#_
pkbkmf -@_ adf] lhdsf] ;"rgf k|fKt u/]] kl5 k|fksn] b]xfo
adf]l hd ug'{ kg]{5 M

-s_
k| fkssf] sAhfdf cfPsf] ;DklQsf] cfjZos lx:;f laqmL

u/L cfPsf] /sdaf6 bkmf !)# sf] pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -u_
sf] clwgdf /xL pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd bflvnf ug'{ kg]{
s/eGbf cu| flwsf/ /x] sf] s'g} C0f eP To:tf] C0f afkt
e' QmfgL u/L ;f] pkbkmf cGtu{ t ljefun] ;"l rt u/]s f] /sd
5'6\ofO{ /fVg' kg{] , /
-v_
s/ aSof} tf /fVg] JolQmsf] tkm{af6 lghsf] s/ bfloTj afkt

To;/L 5' 6\o fOPsf] /sd ljefudf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ .
-$_ k| fksn] pkbkmf -#_ adf]l hd s'g} /sd 5' 6\ofO{ g/fv]s f] xb;Dd
To:tf]] s/ aSof} tf /fVg] JolQmsf] tkm{af6 bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ s/ bfloTj a/fa/sf]
/sd ljefudf bflvnf ug]{ JolQmut bfloTj k| fkssf] x' g]5 .
t/ bflvnf u/] sf] /sd s/ aSof} tf /x] sf] JolQmaf6 k|fksn] c;" npk/
ul/lng ;Sg] 5 .
:ki6Ls/0f
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of] hgsf] nflu,
124
-s_
k| fks eGgfn] b] xfosf s' g} JolQm ;Dg' k5{ M
-!_
lnlSj8] 6/,
-@_
s'g} ;DklQ jf lgsfosf ;DaGwdf k|fkssf] ?kdf cbfnt

aflx/af6 jf cbfntaf6 lgo' Qm JolQm,
-#_
aGwsL lnO{ ;DklQ sAhfdf /fVg] JolQm,
-$_ d[ ts k| fs[l ts JolQmsf] ;DklQsf] k| ToIf xsjfnf, k|zf;s jf

bfdsfd ug]{ JolQm, jf
-%_ c;Ifd k| fs[l ts JolQmsf] sfd sf/afxL ul/lbg] s'g} JolQm .
-v_
s/ aSof} tf /fVg] JolQm eGgfn] h;sf] ;DklQ k|fkssf]

sAhfdf cfPsf] xf] ;f] JolQm ;Dg' k5{ .
!)(= /sd a'fpg' kg]{ JolQmaf6 s/ c;"npk/ ug]{ M -!_ s'g} s/ aSof} tf /fVg] JolQmn]
s/ a' fO{ ;Sg' kg]{ ldlt;Dd s/ ga' fO{ afFsL /fv] df b]xfo adf]l hdsf] s'g} klg
e' QmfgLstf{ nfO{ ljefun] lnlvt ;" rgf lbP/ s/ aSof} tf /fVg] JolQmsf] tkm{ af6
a'fpg' kg]{ s/sf] xb;Ddsf] /sd ;f] ;" rgfdf plNnlvt ldltleq ljefudf
bflvnf ug{ cfb] z lbg ;Sg]5 M
-s_
s/ aSof} tf /fVg]] JolQmnfO{ /sd a' fpg' kg]{ JolQm,
-v_
s/ aSof}tf /fVg] JolQmsf] nflu jf lghsf] tkm{ af6 b| Ao

/fVg] JolQm,
-u_
s/ aSof} tf /fVg] JolQmnfO{ a' fpg] u/L s' g} t] ;|f] JolQmsf]

tkm{a f6 b| Ao /fVg] JolQm, jf
-3_
t] ;|f] kIfaf6 ;f] b| Ao s/ aSof}tf /fVg]] JolQmnfO{ a' fpg]

clVtof/L kfPsf] JolQm .
-@_
ljefun] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd e' QmfgLstf{ nfO{ lbPsf] ;" rgfsf]
k|ltlnlk s/ aSof} tf /fVg] JolQmnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .

-#_
pkbkmf -!_ df h' g;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg ;f] pkbkmf
adf]l hdsf] ;" rgfdf plNnlvt ldlt v08 -s_ / -v_ df plNnlvt ldlteGbf
cl3Nnf] x' g ;Sg] 5} g M
125
-s_
;f] /sd s/ aSof} tf /fVg] JolQmnfO{ a' fpg' kg]{ ldlt jf

lghsf] tkm{ a f6 To:tf] /sd /fv] s f] ldlt, /
-v_
pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd ;" rgf lbPsf] ldlt .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd e' QmfgLstf{ n] ;f] pkbkmf adf]l hd bflvnf
u/] s f] /sd s/ aSof} tf /fVg]] JolQmnfO{ e' QmfgL u/] ;/x dflgg]5 . o:tf] /sd s/
aSof} tf /fVg]] JolQm jf cGo s'g} JolQmn] e' QmfgLstf{ ;+u bfaL ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
!!)= u}/ afl;Gbf JolQmsf] Ph]G6af6 s/ c;"n pk/ ug]{ M -!_ s'g} s/ aSof} tf /fVg] u}/
afl;Gbf JolQmn] s/ a' fO{ ;Sg' kg]{ ldlt;Dd s/ ga' fO{ afF sL /fv] d f ljefun]
To;/L s/ aSof} tf /fVg]] JolQmsf] :jfldTjdf /x]s f] s'g}klg ;DklQ cfgf] sAhfdf
/fVg] s'g} JolQmnfO{ lnlvt ;" rgf lbP/ ;f] ;DklQsf] ahf/ d"N o a/fj/sf]
/sdaf6 To:tf] s/ aSof} tf /fVg]] JolQmn] a' fpg' kg]{ s/sf] /sdeGbf a9L gx'g]
u/L ;f] t] ;|f] kIfsf] s/ bfloTj ;DaGwdf s/ aSof} tf /fVg] JolQmsf] tkm{ a f6 ;f]
;" rgfdf plNnlvt ldltleq s/ a'fpg cfb] z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_
s'g} JolQmn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] cfb]z cg' ;f/ s/ /sd
a'fPdf lghn] b] xfo adf]l hd ug{ ;Sg]5 M

-s_
;f] JolQmn] s/ aSof} tf /fVg]] JolQmaf6 To:tf] e' QmfgL /sd

c;" npk/ ug{ ,
-v_
v08 -s_ sf] k|of] hgsf] nflu ;f] JolQmsf] cfgf] sAhfdf
/x]s f] jf sAhfdf /xg cfpg] s/ aSof} tf /fVg]] JolQmsf]
/sd ;d] tsf] s'g} klg ;Dklt To;/L e' QmfgL ul/Psf]
/sdeGbf a9L gx' g] u/L cfgf cwLgdf lng .
-#_
pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]l hd s'g} JolQmn] s'g} ;DklQ cwLgdf
lnPdf To:tf] JolQm pk/ s/ aSof} tf /fVg] JolQm jf cGo s' g} JolQmn] s' g} klg
bfaL ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
126
!!)s== ls:tfaGbLdf jSof}tf s/ c;'n L M bkmf !!! adf]l hd d'2 f rnfpg' cufj} s'g}
JolQmn] ltg]{ aSof} tf /sd ls:tfaGbLdf ltg{ lnlvt cg'/ f] w u/] df dgfl;j
dflkmssf] Dofb lbO{ ls:tfaGbLdf ltg{ s/ clws[ tn] :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 .
!!!= s/ glt/]df d'2f rnfpg] M s/ bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ Dofbleq s/ bflvnf gug]{
JolQmaf6 s/ c;'l nsf nflu ljefun] ;DalGwt lhNnf cbfntdf d' 2 f bfo/ ug{
;Sg]5 .
!!@= ldGxf M -!_ s'g} JolQmn] a' fpg' kg]{ s/ c;" npk/ ug{ g;lsg] ePdf g] kfn
;/sf/n] To:tf] s/ cf+l zs jf k" 0 f{? kdf ldGxf lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ df h'g ;'s} s' /f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg g] kfn ;/sf/n]
kl/R5]b @@ adf]lhd nufO{ Psf] z'Ns tyf Aofh k" /} jf cf+lzs ?kdf ldGxf lbg
;Sg]5 .
!!#= s/ lkmtf{ / lx;fa ldnfg M -!_ s'g} JolQmn] cfkm" n] bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ s/
bfloTjeGbf a9L x'g] u/L s/ a' fPsf] df a9L bflvnf u/]s f] s/ /sd lghn] o;
P]g adf]l hd bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ s/ /sdaf6 36fpg ljefun] lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
o;/L 36fpF bf a9L x' g uPsf] hlt /sd ljefun] ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{
kg]{ 5 .
-@_ s'g} JolQmn] bkmf !!( adf]l hd bflvnf u/] s f] Aofh;+ u ;DalGwt s/
bflvnf ug{ gkg]{ ePdf ljefun] o:tf] Aofh ;f] JolQmnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-#_ s'g} JolQmn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd /sd lkmtf{ kfpg tf]lsP adf]l hd
ljefudf lgj] bg lbPdf ljefun] lgj]b g k/]sf] ldltn] ;f7L lbgleqdf lkmtf{
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]l hd lgj] bg lbg] JolQmn] To:tf] lgjb] g b]xfosf]
ldltdWo] kl5Nnf] ldltaf6 b'O{ jif{leq lbg' kg]{ 5 . ;f] Dofbleq lgj]bg glbPdf
pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] /sd lkmtf{ x' g] 5}g M

cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .
127
-s_
a9L /sd bflvnf u/] sf] sf/0f pTklQ ePsf] cfo jif{sf]
;dflKt ePsf] ldlt,
-%_
-v_
a9L /sd bflvnf ul/Psf] ldlt, jf
-u_
d'2f km} ;nf ePsf] ldlt .
pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k/] sf] lgj] bgsf ;DaGwdf ljefun] u/] sf]
lg0f{o sf] lnlvt ;" rgf ljefun] ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ lbg' kg]{] 5 .
-^_
cbfntsf] cfb]z n] jf cGo sf/0faf6 ljefun] s/sf] s'g} /sd s'g}
JolQmnfO{ lkmtf{ lbFb f ljefun] b]x fo adf]l hdsf] cjlwsf] ;fdfGo b/ adf]l hdsf]
Aofh ;d] t To:tf] JolQmnfO{ lbg' kg]{ 5 M
-s_
To:tf] s/ lkmtf{ bkmf (#, ($ jf !)) adf]lhd s'g}

JolQmnfO{ s'g} cfo jif{ df pknAw ePsf] clws s/
ldnfg;+ u ;DalGwt ePdf bkmf (^ adf]l hd cfo ljj/0f
k]z ug'{ kg]{ ldltb]l v s/ lkmtf{ lbPsf] ldlt;Ddsf] cjlw, /
-v_
cGo s'g} cj:yfdf To:tf] JolQmn] lkmtf{ x'g] s/ a' fPsf]

ldltb]lv lkmtf{ lbPsf]] ldlt;Ddsf] cjlw .
-&_
s'g} cfo jif{ df bkmf %! jf &! adf]l hd bfaL ug{ ;lsg] s/ sL
ldnfg / To:tf s/ sLnfO{ o; pkbkmf adf]l hd lx;fa ldnfg ug{ jf lkmtf{ lbg
;lsg] 5} g .
t/ ;f] jif{ df s/ sL ldnfgnfO{ bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_, bkmf %! sf]
pkbkmf -$_ / bkmf &! sf] pkbkmf -#_ df ul/Psf] Joj:yf adf]l hd ug{ ;lsg]5 .
kl/R5]b@!
k'g/fjnf]sg / k'g/fj]bg
!!$= k|zf;sLo k'g/fjnf]sg x'g;Sg] lg0f{ox? tyf sfo{lalw M -!_ o; P] gsf] k|o f] hgsf]
nflu b]x fosf lg0f{o x? pk/ k| zf;sLo k' g/fjnf] sg x' g;Sg] 5 M
-s_
bkmf &^ adf]lhd ljefun] hf/L u/]sf] k" jf{ b]z ,
128
-s!_ bkmf () sf] pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] lg0f{o jf

lbOPsf] cfb] z .
-v_
bkmf (% sf] pkbkmf -&_ adf]l hd s'g} JolQmn] bflvnf ug'{

kg]{ cg' dflgt s/sf af/] df ljefun] u/] s f] cg'd fg jf
cg'd fg ug{s f] nflu u/]sf] lg0f{ o,
-u_
bkmf (^ sf] pkbkmf -%_ jf bkmf (& adf]lhd cfo ljj/0f

k]z ug{ s' g} JolQmnfO{ cfb]z lbg] u/L ljefun] u/]sf]
lg0f{o ,
-3_
s'g} JolQmn] bkmf (* adf]l hd k]z ug'{ kg]{ cfo ljj/0fsf]

Dofb yk ul/kfpg lbPsf] lgj]b gdf ljefun] u/]s f] lg0f{ o,
-_
bkmf !)) jf !)! adf]l hd s' g} JolQmn] s' g} cfo jif{sf]

nflu a' fpg' kg]{ s/sf] lgwf{/0f jf bkmf !)% sf] pkbkmf
-%_ adf]l hdsf] lnnfd laqmL vr{ sf] lgwf{/0f jf bkmf !@@
adf]l hd s' g} JolQmn] a' fpg' kg]{ z' Ns tyf Aofhsf]
lgwf{ /0f,
-r_
bkmf !)* sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd k| fkssf] x}l ;otdf s'g}
JolQmn] kfpg] /sd egL 5' 6\ofO{ /fVg' kg]{ u/L ljefun]
lbPsf] ;" rgf,
-5_
bkmf !)( sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s/ aSof} tf /fVg]

JolQmnfO{ a' fpg' kg]{ /sd /fVg] s'g} JolQmnfO{ ljefudf
bflvnf ug{ cfb] z lbg] u/L ljefun] u/] sf] lg0f{o,
-h_
bkmf !!) sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd u}/ afl;Gbf JolQmsf]

tkm{a f6 bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ s'g} JolQmsf] s/ bflvnf ug{ s'g}
JolQmnfO{ cfb]z lbg] u/L ljefun] u/]s f] lg0f{o ,
-_
bkmf !!# sf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]l hd s/ lkmtf{ kfpF egL s'g}
JolQmn] lbPsf] s'g} lgj] bgpk/ ljefun] u/]sf] lg0f{ o, /

129
-`_
bkmf !!% sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]l hd ph'/ L btf{ ug]{ Dofb
yksf] nflu s'g} JolQmn] lbPsf] s'g} lgj]b gpk/ ljefun]
u/] s f] lg0f{o .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -3_, -_ / -`_ df plNnlvt ljifox?sf
;DaGwdf ljefun] s' g] lg0f{ o u/]sf] eP tfklg bkmf (*, bkmf !!# sf] pkbkmf -#_ jf
bkmf !!% sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd lgj] bg lbg] JolQmnfO{ lgj] bg k/] sf] tL; lbgleq
ljefun] lg0f{ osf] ;"r gf glbPdf ;f] lgj] bg c:jLsf/ ug]{ lg0f{ o u/] ;/x dfgL pkbkmf
-!_ adf]lhd ;f] pk/ k| z f;lso k'g /fjnf]sg x' g ;Sg]5 .
-#_
pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hdsf] Dofbleq lg0f{ osf] ;" rgf lgj] bg lbg]
JolQmnfO{ k| fKt gePdf / ;f] sf] hfgsf/L ljefudf btf{ u/fPdf ljefun] ;f]
pkbkmfdf plNnlvt lgj]b g c:jLsf/ ug{ u/] sf] lg0f{o / ;f] sf] ;" rgf ;f] ldltdf
;f] JolQmnfO{ lbPsf] dflgg] 5 .
!!%= k|zf;sLo k'g/fjnf]sgsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] M-!_ bkmf !!$ adf]l hdsf
k|zf;sLo k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ;lsg] lg0f{o pk/ lrQ ga'\ g] JolQmn] ;f] lg0f{o sf]
;" rgf kfPsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq ;f] lg0f{o lj?4 ljefu ;dIf lgj] bg lbg
;Sg]5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ adf] lhd lbg] lgj]bgdf To:tf] k'g /fjnf]s g x' g' kg]{
sf/0f tyf cfwf/x? :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .

-#_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd lgj]bg lbg] Dofb u'l h|g uO{ s'g} JolQmn]
Dofb yksf] nflu Dofb u' h|]s f] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq lgj]bg lbPdf ljefun] b]x fo
-s_
dgfl;j sf/0f b]l vPdf pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj] bg lbg]

Dofb u' h|]sf] ldltaf6 a9Ldf tL; lbgsf] nflu Dofb yKg, /
-v_
;f] lgj] bgpk/ ljefun] u/] sf] lg0f{ osf] lnlvt ;" rgf
lgj] bsnfO{ lbg .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg lbPsf] sf/0faf6 bkmf !!$ sf]
pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt lg0f{osf] sfof{Gjogdf c;/ k/]s f] dflgg] 5} g .
130
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ df h' g;'s} s'/f n] lvPsf] eP tfklg pkbkmf -!_
adf]l hd s'g} JolQmaf6 lbOPsf] lgj]bgsf] 6'+ uf] gnfu];Dd bkmf !!$ sf]
pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd ePsf] lg0f{onfO{ ljefun] tfd]nLdf /fVg jf cGo s'g}
lsl;dn] k|efljt ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
-^_
pkbkmf -%_ df h' g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
cljjflbt
s/sf] ;Dk" 0 f{ /sd / ljjflbt s/sf] PsltxfO /sd ga'fP;Dd ;f] pkbkmfsf]
Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-&_
s'g} JolQmn] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd lbPsf] lgj]bgpk/ ljefun] b]x fo

-s_
;f] lgj]b gdf plNnlvt s' /fx?nfO{ k" 0f{ jf cf+l zs ?kdf
:jLsf/ jf c:jLsf/ ug{ , /
-v_
lgj] bg pk/sf] lg0f{osf] lnlvt ;" rgf ;f] JolQmnfO{ lbg .
-*_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd lgj]bg lbPsf] ldltn]
;f7L lbgleq
ljefun] ;f] lgj]bg pk/sf] lg0f{osf] ;" rgf lgj] bsnfO{ glbPdf lgj]b sn] ;f]sf]
hfgsf/L ljefudf btf{ u/fO{ ljefun] lgj]bg c:jLsf/ u/] sf] dfGg ;Sg] 5 .
-(_
pkbkmf -*_ adf]lhd lgj] bg c:jLsf/ u/]sf] dfg] sf] s' /f ;DalGwt
lgj] bsn] lnlvt ?kdf ljefunfO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 . ljefun] To:tf] hfgsf/L
btf{ ePsf] ldltdf To:tf] lgj]bg c:jLsf/ ug]{ lg0f{o u/] s f] / ;f] JolQmnfO{ ;f]
lg0f{osf] ;" rgf lbPsf] dflgg]5 .
!!^= /fh:j Gofoflws/0fdf k'g/fj]bg nfUg]
nfUg M -!_ bkmf !!% adf]l hd ljefudf lbPsf]
lbPsf
lgj] bgpk/ ePsf] lg0f{ odf lrQ ga' \ g] JolQmn] /fh:j Gofoflws/0f P]g , @)#!
adf]l hd /fh:j Gofoflws/0fdf k'g /fj] bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd k'g /fj]bg lbg] JolQmn] k'g /fj]bg lbPsf]
kGw| lbgleq k'g /fj]bgsf] ;"r gfsf] Ps k|lt ljefudf btf{ u/fpg' kg]{ 5 .
-#_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd k'g/fj]bg lbPsf] sf/0faf6 bkmf !!$ sf]
pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt lg0f{osf] sfof{Gjogdf c;/ k/]s f] dflgg] 5} g .

131
-$_ bkmf !!$ sf] pkbkmf -!_ df h' g ;'s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg ;f]
pkbkmfdf k| zf;sLo k' g/fjnf]sg x'g ;Sg] lg0f{o dxflgb]{ zsn] u/]sf] eP /fh:j
Gofoflws/0fdf k'g/fj] bg nfUg]5 .
kl/R5]b@@
z'Ns tyf Aofh
!!&= sfuhft g/fv]df jf ljj/0f jf cfo ljj/0f bflvnf gu/]df z'Ns nfUg]
nfUg M -!_
s'g} JolQmn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f bflvnf gu/] df To:tf] JolQmnfO{ b] xfo adf]lhd
z'Ns nfUg] 5 M
-s_
bkmf (% sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s' g} cfo jif{ sf] cfo ljj/0f
bflvnf gu/]] df k|lt ljj/0f b' O{ xhf/ ?k}ofF , /
-v_
clu|d s/ c;'n ug'{ kg]{ s'g} JolQmn] bkmf (%s=sf] pkbkmf

-%_ jdf]lhdsf] ljj/0f bflvnf gu/] df To:tf] JolQmnfO{ ljj/0f
bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ ldltjf6 ljj/0f bflvnf gePsf] ldlt;Ddsf]
k|To] s dlxgf / dlxgfsf] efusf] nflu clu| d s/ c;'n ug'{ kg]{
/sdsf] jflif{ s 8]9 k|ltztsf b/n] x' g] /sd z' Ns nfUg]5 .
-u_
bkmf (^ sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd s'g} cfo jif{s f] cfo

ljj/0f bflvnf gu/] df P]gsf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -$_ df
plNnlvt JolQmsf] xsdf Ps ;o ?k}o fF k|lt dlxgfsf b/n]
x'g] /sd / cGo JolQmsf] xsdf ;f] cfo jif{sf] cfosf]
u0fgf ubf{ s'g} /sd s6fO{ kfpg] eP ;f] gs6fO{ / s'g}
/sd ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{ eP ;f] ;dfj] z u/L x'g] lgwf{/ 0fof] Uo
cfosf] /sdsf] z" Go bzdna Ps k|l tzt k|l t jif{s f b/n]
x'g] /sd jf Ps ;o ?k}o fF k|l t dlxgfsf b/n] x'g] /sddWo]
h'g a9L x'G 5 ;f] /sd .

132
-@_
s'g} JolQmn] s'g} cfo jif{ s f] bkmf *! adf]l hd /fVg' kg]{ sfuhft
g/fv]df To:tf] JolQmnfO{ To:tf] sfuhft g/fv]sf] jif{ s f] nflu s' g} cfo jif{sf]
cfosf] u0fgf ubf{ s'g} /sd s6fO{ kfpg] eP ;f] gs6fO{ / /sdx ;dfj]z ug'{
kg]{ eP ;f] ;dfj]z u/L x'g] lgwf{ /0fof]U o cfosf] /sdsf] z"Go bzdnj Ps
k|ltztn] x'g] /sd jf Ps xhf/ ?k}o f+dWo] h'g a9L x' G5 ;f] /sd z'N s nfUg] 5 .
-#_
clu| d s/ sL ug]{ s'g} Ph]06n] bkmf () sf] pkbkmf -!_
adf]l hdsf] ljj/0f k]z gu/]d f To:tf] Ph]]06nfO{ ljj/0f k]z ug'{ kg]{ ldltaf6
o:tf] ljj/0f bflvnf gePsf] ldlt;Ddsf] k| To]s dlxgf / dlxgfsf] efusf]
nflu clu|d s/ sL ug'{ kg]{ s/ /sdsf] jflif{s 8]9 k|ltztsf b/n] x'g] /sd
z'Ns nfUg]5 .
!!*= ls:tfaGbLdf bflvnf ug]{n] cg'dflgt s/ sd x'g] u/L a'fPdf Jofh nfUg] M -!_
s'g} JolQmn] s'g} cfo jif{ df bkmf ($ adf]lhd bflvnf ug'{kg]{ ls:tf /sd ;DaGwdf
v08 -s_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf v08 -v_ df plNnlvt /sd a9L ePdf o;/L a9L
ePsf] /sddf pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd Aofh nfUg] 5 M
-s_
;f] JolQmn] s' g} cfo jif{ df lt/]s f] k|T o]s ls:tfsf] /sd,
-v_
;f] cfo jif{ df k|T o]s ls:tf cjlwsf] nflu ls:tfjGbLsf] ?kdf
a'emfpg' kg]{ s'n /sdsf] cg' dfg jf ;+ zf]lwt cg' dfg ;xL
ePsf] eP ;f] /sd / ;f] /sd ;xL gePsf] eP bkmf # sf]
v08 -s_ / -v_ df plNnlvt JolQmn] bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ s/
/sdsf] k|T o] s ls:tf cjlwsf] nflu ls:tfaGbLsf] ?kdf
a'emfpg' kg]{ /sdsf] gAa] k|ltzt /sd .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] JolQmnfO{ ;f] jif{s f] ;f] ls:tf a'fpg' kg]{
ldltb]lv b] xfosf] cjlw;Ddsf] k| To] s dlxgf / dlxgfsf] efusf] ;fdfGo Aofhb/n]
Aofh nfUg]5 M
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .

133
-s_
bkmf (( sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] s/ lgwf{ /0f ug]{ JolQmsf]

xsdf cfo ljj/0f j'emfpg' kg]{ ldlt;Dd,
-v_
bkmf (( sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] s/ lgwf{ /0f gu/] sf]

sf/0fn] ljefun] bkmf !)! adf]lhd klxnf] k6s ;+zf]lwt s/
lgwf{ /0f u/] sf] JolQmsf] xsdf bkmf !)@ adf]lhd ;f] ;+zf]lwt
s/ lgwf{ /0fsf] ;" rgf j'e mfPsf] ldlt;Dd .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k| of]hgsf] nflu ls:tfjGbLsf] ?kdf

a'emfpg' kg]{ /sd eGgfn] Ps k6s cg' dfg k] z u/L ;s] kl5
;+zf]lwt cg' dfg k] z gug]{ s f] tyf cg' dfg k] z gu/] sf] sf/0fn]
bkmf (% sf] pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd ljefun] cg' dfg u/] sf]
xsdf bkmf ($ sf] pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd / ;+ zf]l wt cg' dfg
k]z ug]{ sf] xsdf tyf k] z ul/Psf] cg' dfg jf ;+zf]lwt
cg' dfgdf ;Gt' i6 geO{ bkmf (% sf] pkbkmf -&_ adf]lhd
ljefun] cg' dfg u/] sf] bkmf (% sf] pkbkmf -%_ sf] Joj:yf
cg' ;f/ u0fgf ul/Psf] ls:tfsf] /sd ;Demg' k5{ .
!!(= s/ ga'fPdf Aofh nfUg] M -!_ s/ ltg'{ kg]{ tf]lsPsf] ldlt;Dd s'g} JolQmn] s/
bflvnf gu/] df bflvnf ug{ afFsL /x]s f] /sddf o;/L s/ bflvnf ug{ afF sL /x] sf]
cjlwe/sf] nflu ;f] JolQmnfO{ k|To]s dlxgf / dlxgfsf] efudf ;fdfGo Aofhb/n]
Aofh nfUg]5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd ltg'{ kg]{ Aofh u0fgf ug]{ k|of] hgsf] nflu
bkmf (* adf]l hd lbOPsf] yk Dofbdf Aofh 5' 6 kfOg] 5}g .
-#_ clu| d s/ c;' n ug'{ kg]{ JolQmn] bkmf (%s= sf] pkbkmf -*_ jf
clu| d s/ s6\ 6L ug]{ JolQmn] bkmf () sf] pkbkmf -$_ kfngf gu/]sf] sf/0fn]
lghn] j' emfpg' kg]{ Jofh lghn] clu| d s/ bfvLnf ug'{ kg]{ jf clu| d s/ s6\ 6L
x'g] JolQmjf6 c;' npk/ u/L lng kfpg] 5} g .

134
!!(s= z'Ns nfUg] M o; P]g df cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf] df afx] s of] P]g jf o; P]g
cGtu{t ag]sf lgodxsf s'g} Joj:yfsf] kfngf gug]{ JolQmnfO{ bkmf !@*
adf]l hd tf]l sPsf] hl/jfgf ;/xsf] z'N s nfUg]5 .
!@)= e'm7[f jf e|dk"0f{ ljj/0f bflvnf ug]{nfO{ z'Ns nfUg] M s'g} JolQmn] s' g} s'/ fsf
;DaGwdf ljefudf e'm7[ f jf e|dk" 0 f{ ljj/0f lbPdf jf bflvnf ug'{ kg]{ s'g} s'/ f jf
j:t' sf] hfgsf/L glbO{ jf ;f] ljj/0faf6 x6fO{ ljj/0fdf plNnlvt hfgsf/L
e| dk"0f{ x'g uPdf To:tf] JolQmnfO{ b]x fo adf]l hd z'N s nfUg] 5 M
-s_
hfgfhfgL jf nfk/afxL k" j{s u/]sf] geO{ e" nj; "6\ 7f jf e| dk"0f{ x'g
uPsf] df To;af6 x' g] 36L s/ /sdsf] krf; k|ltzt .
-v_
hfgfhfgL jf nfk/jfxL u/] sf] sf/0fn] '7[ f jf e| dk"0 f{ x'g uPsf] df To;af6
x'g] 36L s/ /sdsf] Ps ;o k|ltzt .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]h gsf] nflu ljefudf bflvnf ul/Psf] ljj/0f

eGgfn] ljefudf jf o; P] g adf]lhd st{Josf] kfngf ug]{ l;nl;nfdf
ljefuaf6 clVtof/ k| fKt clws[t ;dIf lnlvt ?kdf bflvnf ul/Psf] ljj/0f
/ b]xfo adf]lhd bflvnf ul/Psf] ljj/0f ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg] 5 M
-s_
lgj]bg, ;" rgf, ljj/0f, ph' /L, aofg, jf o; P] g adf]lhd bflvnf

ul/Psf] , tof/ kfl/Psf] , lbOPsf] jf k] z ul/Psf] cGo sfuhft,
-v_
o; P] g adf]lhd afx]s ljefu jf ljefusf s' g} clws[t ;dIf k]z

ul/Psf] sfuhft,
-u_
ljefu jf s'g} clws[tn] s'g} JolQmnfO{ ;f] w]sf] k| Zgsf] pQ/, jf
-3_
ljj/0f lbOg] s' /fsf] dgfl;a hfgsf/L ePsf] s'g} JolQmn] s'g} csf]{
JolQmdfkm{t ljefu jf s' g} clws[ tnfO{ lbPsf] hfgsf/L .

135
!@!= dltof/nfO{
dltof/nfO{ z'Ns nfUg] M o; P]g df plNnlvt s' g} s;"/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ hfghfg
jf nfk/jfxL u/L d2t ug]{ jf ;xfotf lbg] jf b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;Nnfx lbg]
dltof/nfO{ To:tf JolQmn] sd lt/] sf] s/sf] ztk|l tzt /sd z'Ns nfUg] 5 .
!@@= z'Ns tyf Aofhsf] lgwf{/0f M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]l hd s'g} JolQmn] a'fpg' kg]{
z'Ns tyf Aofhsf] lgwf{/0f ljefun] ug]{5 .
-@_
s'g} vf; sfd k" /f gu/]sf]n] jf s'g} ljj/0fsf ;DaGwdf o;
kl/R5]b adf]lhd z'Ns tyf Aofh afktsf] bfloTjsf] u0fgf ubf{ o; kl/R5]bsf]
k|To]s bkmfsf xsdf 5'f5'} ?kdf u0fgf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_
o; bkmf adf]l hd nufO{g] z'Ns tyf Aofh o; P]g adf] lhd
cGo s'g} s/ a'fpg' kg]{ eP To:tf] s/df yk ul/g]5 / To:tf] z'Ns tyf
Aofh a'fpFb} df kl/R5]b@# df plNnlvt kmf} hbf/L sf/jfxL ;DaGwL
bfloTjaf6 s'g} JolQm d' Qm ePsf] dflgg] 5} g .
-$_ o; bkmf adf]l hd z'N s tyf Aofhsf] lgwf{/ 0f ul/Psf]d f ljefun]
b]xfosf s'/ f v' nfOPsf] ;f] lgwf{/0fsf] lnlvt ;" rgf ;f] JolQmnfO{ lbg]5 . o:tf]
;" rgf bkmf !)@ adf]l hd hf/L ul/g] ;" rgfdf ;+ nUg u/L k7fpg ;Sg] 5 .
-%_
-s_
ljefun] z' Ns tyf Aofh lgwf{ /0f ug'{k/] sf] sf/0f,
-v_
a'fpg' kg]{ / z' Ns tyf Aofh afktsf] /sd,
-u_
;f] /sd s;/L u0fgf ul/Psf] xf] ;f] sf] tl/sf, /
-3_
;f] lgwf{/0f lj?4 ph' /L ug]{ ;do, :yfg / tl/sf .
o; bkmf adf]lhd z' Ns tyf Aofh lgwf{ /0f ubf{ b] xfo adf]lhd x' g]5 M
-s_
bkmf !)! sf] pkbkmf -!_, pkbkmf -@_, pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08
-v_, pkbkmf -$_ / -%_ df n]lvPsf s' /fx? o; bkmf adf]lhd
z'Ns tyf Aofh lgwf{ /0f ubf{ klg nfu" x' g]5, /
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .

136
-v_
bkmf !)! sf] pkbkmf -#_ sf] v08 -v_,-u_, pkbkmf -$_, -%_ /
bkmf !)@ df n]lvPsf s'/fx? o; bkmfsf] pkbkmf -$_ sf
xsdf klg nfu" x' g]5 .
kl/R5]b@#
s;"/ tyf ;hfo
!@#= s/ bflvnf gug]{nfO{ x'g] ;hfo M dgfl;j dflkmssf] sf/0flagf s/ bflvnf ug'{
kg]{ lgwf{l /t ;do;Dd s/ bflvnf gug]{ JolQmnfO{ kfF r xhf/ ?k}ofF fb]lv tL; xhf/
?k}o fFF ;Dd hl/jfgf jf Ps dlxgfb]l v tLg dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b' j} ;hfo x' g]5 .
!@$= e'm6\67f
\7f jf e|dk"0f{ ljj/0f lbg]nfO{ x'g] ;hfo M s'g} JolQmn] ljefudf lbPsf] s'g}
hfgsf/L jf ljj/0f hfgfhfgL jf nfk/afxL ;fy k] z u/] sf] sf/0fn] ' f jf
e| dk"0f{ ePdf jf To:tf] JolQmn] To:tf] ljifosf ;DaGwdf s'g} vf; s'/f jf
ljifosf] hfgsf/L ljj/0fdf pNn] v gu/L jf x6fO{ ;f] ljj/0f e| dk"0 f{ x'g uPsf] df
To:tf] JolQmnfO{ rfln; xhf/ ?k} ofFF b]l v Ps nfv ;f7L xhf/ ?k}o fFF ;Dd hl/jfgf
jf 5 dlxgfb]lv b'O{ jif{ ;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g] 5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k| of] hgsf] nflu ljefudf lbPsf] s'g} hfgsf/L jf ljj/0f
eGgfn] ljefudf jf o; P] g adf]lhd st{Jo kfngf ug]{ l;nl;nfdf ljefuaf6

clVtof/ k| fKt clws[t ;dIf lnlvt ?kdf bflvnf ul/Psf] ljj/0f / b] xfo adf]lhd
bflvnf ul/Psf] ljj/0f ;d] tnfO{ hgfpg]5 M
-s_
lgj]bg, ;" rgf, ljj/0f, ph" /L, jofg, jf o; P] g adf]lhd bflvnf

ul/Psf] , tof/ kfl/Psf] , lbOPsf] jf k] z ul/Psf] cGo sfuhft,
-v_
ljefu jf ljefusf s'g} clws[t ;dIf k] z ul/Psf] sfuhft,
-u_
ljefu jf s'g} clws[tn] s'g} JolQmnfO{ ;f] w]sf] k| Zgsf] pQ/, jf
-3_
ljj/0f lbOg] s' / fsf] dgfl;j hfgsf/L ePsf] s'g} JolQmn] s'g} csf]{
JolQmdfk{mt ljefu jf s' g} clws[ tnfO{ lbPsf]
hfgsf/L .
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]l wt .

137
!@%= s/ k|zf;gdf afwf lj/f]w ug]{ jf cg'lrt k|efj kfg]{nfO{ x'g] ;hfo M -!_ b]xfosf
sfo{ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ kfF r xhf/ ?k} ofF fb]lv aL; xhf/ ?k} ofF f;Dd hl/jfgf jf Ps
dlxgfb]l v tLg dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b' j} ;hfo x'g]5 M
-s_
o; P] g adf]lhd cfkmgf] st{Jo kfngf ug]{ l;nl;nfdf

ljefusf] clws[tnfO{ afwflj/f] w u/] df,
-v_
bkmf *# adf]lhdsf] ;"r gf adf]lhd sfo{ gu/]df, jf
-u_
cGo s' g} ?kdf o; P] gsf] sfof{Gjogdf afwf lj/f] w u/] df .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] sfo{ ug]{ pBf] u u/] d f ;f] pkbkmfdf n]l vPsf]
;hfosf] cfwf ;hfo x'g]5 .
!@^= clVtof/ k|f Kt jf clVtof/ k|fKt gePsf] JolQmn] s;"/ u/]df x'g] ;hfo M -!_ bkmf
*$ sf] pNn+ 3g ug]{ s'g} klg clVtof/ k| fKt JolQmnfO{ c;L xhf/ ?k} ofFF ;Dd
hl/jfgf jf Ps jif{ ;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g] 5 .
-@_ o; P] g adf]lhd clVtof/ gkfPsf] s' g} JolQmn] s/ jf s/ egL cGo
s'g} /sd p7fPdf jf p7fpg k|o Tg u/] df c;L xhf/ ?k}o fFFb]l v b'O{ nfv rfnL;
xhf/ ?k}+of;Dd hl/jfgf jf Ps jif{b]l v tLg jif{ ;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .
!@&= dltof/nfO{ x'g] ;hfo M o; P]g adf]l hd s' g} s;"/ ug{ s'g} JolQmnfO{ hfgLhfgL
d2t ug]{ jf To:tf] s;"/ ug{ ;Nnfx lbg] jf b' ?T;fxg ug]{ JolQmnfO{ s;" /bf/nfO{
x'g] ;hfosf] cfwf ;hfo x' g]5 .
t/ o:tf] dltof/ ;/sf/L sd{ rf/L ePdf s;'/bf/nfO{ x'g] ;hfo a/fa/
;hfo x'g]5 .
!@*= P]gsf] kfngf gug]{nfO{
fO{ x'g] ;hfo M o; P]gdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf] d f afx] s of]
P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{ t ag] sf lgodx?sf s' g} Joj:yfsf] kfngf gug]{ JolQmnfO{
kfF r xhf/ ?k}o fFFb]l v tL; xhf/ ?k}ofFF ;Dd hl/jfgf x'g] 5 .
!@(= ljefun] hl/jfgfsf] /sd bflvnf ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg] M -!_ o; kl/R5] bdf cGoq
h'g;'s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg bkmf !@^ df plNnlvt s;"/ df afx] s s'g}
JolQmn] cfkm" n] o; kl/R5] bdf pNn] v ePsf] cGo s' g} Ps jf PseGbf a9L s;"/
u/] s f] egL cbfntL sf/afxLsf] k| s[o f z' ? x'g' cufj} lnlvt ?kdf :jLsf/ u/] df
138
To:tf]] Ps jf PseGbf a9L s;"/ u/] afkt nfUg] hl/jfgf /sddf ga9\g] u/L
hl/jfgf /sd bflvnf ug{ ljefun] To:tf] JolQmnfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg] 5 .
-@_
ljefun] pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] cfb] z lbF bf ;f] cfb]z df To:tf]
s;"/ , a' fpg' kg]{ hl/jfgf /sd / hl/jfgf /sd a' fpg' kg]{ ldlt v' nfpg'
kg]{ 5 .
-#_
ljefun] o; bkmf adf]l hd lbPsf] cfb]z clGtd x'g]5 / ;f] pk/
k'g/fj] bg nfUg] 5}g .

!#)= g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] M o; kl/R5]b cGtu{ tsf] d' 2f g] kfn ;/sf/jfbL x'g]5 .
!#!= d'2fsf] txlssft / bfo/L
bfo/ M -!_ o; kl/R5]b adf]l hd ;hfo x' g] s;"/ ;DaGwL
d'2fsf] txlssft tf]lsPsf] clws[ tn] ug]{5 / To:tf] txlssftsf] sfd k'/ f ePsf]
k}lt; lbgleq ;DalGwt lhNnf cbfnt ;dIf d' 2f bfo/ ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-@_
pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd txlssft ubf{ txlssft ug]{ clws[ tn]
;/sf/L jsLnsf] /fo ;Nnfx lng' kg]{]5 .
kl/R5]b@$
ljljw
!#@
ljz]if1sf] ;]jf lng

lng ;Sg]
;S M g] kfn ;/sf/n] s/ k/LIf0f;DaGwL sfo{s f] nflu
;DalGwt ljz]i f1sf] ;] jf lng ;Sg]5 / o:tf ljz]if1sf ;DaGwdf ;d] t bkmf *$
df plNnlvt ;/sf/L uf] Kotf;DaGwL Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5 .
!##= ljefuLo sf/afxL ul/g] M s' g} s/ lgwf{/ 0f nfk/afxLaf6 u/]s f] 7x/L s/bftfsf]
bfloTj a9\ g jf 36\g uPdf To:tf] s/ lgwf{/ 0f ug]{ jf bkmf !)! sf] pkbkmf -#_
adf]l hdsf] Dofbleq ;+ zf]l wt s/ lgwf{/0f gug]{ ;DalGwt clws[ tnfO{ lghsf] ;] jf
zt{ ;DaGwL k| rlnt sfg"g adf]l hd ;hfo ug{ dxflgb]{zsn] ljefuLo sf/afxL
rnfpg ;Sg] 5 .
!#$= clws[tsf] kl/ro
kl/ro kq M k| To]s clws[ tn] tf]l sP adf]l hdsf] kl/rokq cfgf]
;fydf /fVg' kg]{ 5 / st{ Jo kfngfsf] l;nl;nfdf s;} n] To:tf] kl/rokq x]g{ dfu
u/] d f b] vfpg' kg]{ 5 .
139
!#%= cbfntnfO{ eP ;/xsf] clwsf/ x'g] M o; P]g sf] k|o f] hgsf] nflu ljefunfO{
;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ lsfpg] , aofg u/fpg] , k|d f0f a'\g] / lnvtx? k]z ug{
nufpg] ;DaGwdf k| rlnt sfg"g adf]l hd cbfntnfO{ eP ;/xsf] clwsf/ x' g]5 .
!#^= c;n lgotn] u/]s f] sfd sf/afxLk|lt hjfkmb]xL gx'g] M o; P] gdf cGoq h' g ;'s}
s'/f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg s'g} clws[ tn] cfgf]] st{ Jo kfng ubf{ c;n lgot lnO{
u/] s f] sfd sf/afxL k|l t lgh JolQmut ?kdf hjfkmb] xL x' g] 5}g .
!#^s= k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yfM s'g} JolQmn] cfgf] s/sf] bfloTj ;Dk" 0 f{ jf s]xL c+ z 5n]sf]
jf 5Ng sf]lz; u/]s f] k|df0f ;lxtsf] ;" rgf lbg] JolQmnfO{ To:tf] ;" rgfsf]
cfwf/df c;' n pk/ ul/Psf] s/sf] /sddWo] lghn] k]z u/]sf] k| d f0faf6 lgwf{/0f
eP hltsf] s/ /sdsf] aL; k|l tzt a/fa/sf] /sd dxflgb]{z ssf] lg0f{o n] k'/:sf/
lbg ;lsg]5 .
!#&= g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfb]z jf lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg] M s/ k| zf;gnfO{ k|e fjsf/L agfpg
g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljefunfO{ cfjZos cfb] z jf lgb]{ zg lbg ;Sg] 5 .
!#*= lgod agfpg] clwsf/ M o; P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{ Gjog ug{ g] kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos
lgodx? agfpg ;Sg] 5 .
!#(= lgb]{lzsf agfO{ hf/L ug{ ;Sg] M of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag] s f] lgodsf] cwLgdf
/xL ljefun] cfjZos lgb]{lzsf agfO{ hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!$)= cg';"rLdf yk36 tyf x]/km]/ M g] kfn ;/sf/n] g] kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k| sfzg u/L
cg' ;"rL! afx]s sf cg' ;"rLdf cfjZos yk36 tyf x] /km]/ ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
!$!= k|x/Ln] ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{ M of] P] g jf o; P]g cGtu{ t ag] s f] lgodsf] sfof{ Gjog ug]{
;DaGwdf ljefun] dfu]sf] ;xof] u ug'{ k|x /Lsf] st{ Jo x' g]5 .
!$@= s/;DaGwL Joj:yf o;} P]g adf]lhd x'g] M k| rlnt sfg"g df h'g ;'s} s'/ f n]l vPsf]
eP tfklg ;fna;fnL nfu" x'g] cfly{ s P] gn] o; P]g df ;+z f] wg u/L s/ nufpg],
lgwf{ /0f ug]{, a9fpg] , 36fpg] , 5" 6 lbg] jf ldGxf lbg] ;DaGwL Joj:yf u/]s f] df
afx]s cGo s' g} klg P]g n] o; P] g adf]l hdsf s/sf Joj:yfx?df s' g} klg
;+ zf] wg, kl/jt{g jf s/ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yfx? ug{ ;Sg] 5}g .

140
!$#= vf/]hL, ;+zf]wg / arfp

arf M -!_ cfos/ P]g , @)#! / 3/ hUuf axfn s/ P] g, @)@#
vf/] h ul/Psf 5g\ .
-@_
b]xfosf P]gx?df b]x fo adf]l hd ;+zf] wg ul/Psf 5g\ M

-s_
/fi6 C0f P] g, @)!& sf] bkmf !% vf/] h ul/Psf]5 .
-v_
sd{ rf/L ;+ rosf]if P]g , @)!( df ;+ z f]wg M sd{ rf/L ;+ ro

sf]i f P]g , @)!( sf] bkmf !* sf] v08 -v_ sf] cGTodf /x]sf
s'g} lsl;dsf] s/ nfUg] 5}g eGg] zAbx?sf]] ;f cfos/
afx]s s' g} lsl;dsf] s/ nfUg] 5}g eGg] zAbx? /flvPsf
5g\ .
-u_
g]kfn k] 6f]l nod P]g , @)$) df ;+zf] wg M g] kfn k] 6f]lnod

P]g, @)$) sf] bkmf !# sf] v08 -u_ llsPsf]5 .
-3_
lgj[l Q sf]i f P]g , @)$@ sf] bkmf @( df ;+ zf] wg M lgj[lQ

sf]i f P]g , @)$@ sf] bkmf @( df /x] s f o:t} cGo s'g}
lsl;dsf] s/ nfUg] 5}g eGg] zAbx?sf] ;f cfos/
afx]s cGo s' g} lsl;dsf] s/ nfUg] 5}g eGg] zAbx?
/flvPsf 5g\ .
-_
gful/s nufgL sf]i f P]g, @)$& sf] bkmf %! df ;+z f] wg M

gful/s nufgL sf]if P]g , @)$& sf] bkmf %! vf/] h
ul/Psf] 5 .
-r_
g]kfn /fhsLo lj1fg tyf k|l jlw k| 1 f k|l ti7fg P]g, @)$*
sf] bkmf #) df ;+z f]wg M g] kfn /fhsLo lj1fg tyf k|l jlw
k| 1f k|l ti7fg P]g , @)$* sf] bkmf #) vf/] h ul/Psf] 5 .
-5_
-!_
cf} B f]l us Joj;fo P] g, @)$( sf] bkmf !% df ;+ z f] wg M

cf} B f]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf !% sf] v08 -u_, -3_, _, -`_, -7_, -t_, -y_, -b_ / -w_ llsPsf 5g\ .
-@_
v08 -r_ df /x] s f cfos/df ;~rfng ldltn] bz jif{ ;Dd

qmdzM tL;, kRrL; / aL; k|ltzt tyf eGg] zAbx?
llsPsf 5g\ .
141
-h_
ljb] zL nufgL tyf k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f P]g , @)$( df

;+ zf] wg M ljb]z L nufgL tyf k|l jlw x:tfGt/0f P] g, @)$(
sf] bkmf % sf] pkbkmf -!=s_ llsPsf] 5 .
-_
jL=kL= sf]O/fnf :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fg P]g, @)$( df

;+ zf] wg M jL=kL sf] O/fnf :jf:Yo lj1fg k|l ti7fg P]g, @)$(
sf] bkmf @! sf] bf] ;|f] x/kmdf /x] sf] cfos/ eGg] zAb
llsPsf] 5 .
-`_
lqe' j g ljZjljBfno P]g , @)$( df ;+ zf] wg M lqe' jg

ljZjljBfno P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf ## sf] pkbkmf -@_
llsPsf] 5 .
-6_
-!_
ljB' t P] g, @)$( sf] bkmf !@ df ;+z f] wg M

ljB' t P] g, @)$( sf] bkmf !@ sf] bkmf zLif{ sdf
/x]s f] cfos/ eGg] zAb llsPsf] 5 .
-@_
-7_
pkbkmf -!_, -@_, -#_, -$_, -%_ / -^_ llsPsf 5g\ .

kf] v/f ljZj ljBfno P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf #^ df ;+z f] wg M
kf] v/f ljZj ljBfno P] g, @)%# sf] bkmf #^ sf] pkbkmf -@_
llsPsf] 5 .
-8_
jL= kL= sf] O/fnf d] df]l/on SofG;/ c:ktfn P]g , @)%# sf]
bkmf !* df ;+zf] wgM jL=kL= sf]O/fnf d] d f]l/on SofG;/
c:ktfn P]g @)%# sf] bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -!_ df /x]]sf]
cfos/ eGg] zAb llsPsf] 5 .
-9_
gu/ ljsf; sf]i f P]g, @)%# df ;+zf] wg M gu/ ljsf; sf]i f

P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf @$ vf/] h ul/Psf] 5 .
-0f_
b"/ ;~rf/ P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf #$ sf] pkbkmf -!_ vf/]h
ul/Psf] 5 .
-#_
pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd vf/] h jf ;+z f] wg ePsf P] g jf P]gsf
bkmfx? cGtu{ t ul/Psf ;j} sfd sf/afxL o;} P]g cGtu{ t ul/Psf dflgg]5g\ .
142
-$_
of] P]g nfu" x'g'e Gbf cl3sf cfo jif{ sf] cfo s/ lgwf{/0f /
c;" npk/ ug]{ ;DaGwL Joj:yfx?sf ;DaGwdf cfo s/ P]g , @)#! sf Joj:yfx?
nfu" x'g] 5g\ .
143
cg';"rL
L!
-bkmf $ ;+ u ;DalGwt_
s/sf b/x?
!=
k|fs[lts JolQmsf] ;DaGwdf M
-!_
s'g} cfo jif{ df afl;Gbf k| fs[lts JolQmsf] s/of]Uo cfodf o; cg';" rLsf]
pkbkmf -@_ / -$_ sf clwgdf /xL b] xfo adf]lhdsf] b/n] s/ nfUg]5 M
-s_
Ps nfv ;f7L xhf/ ?k}+o f;Dd /f]huf/Lsf] s/of] Uo cfo ePdf Ps

k|ltzt s/ nfUg] .
-v_
Ps nfv ;f7L xhf/ ?k} ofFeGbf a9L t/ b' O{ nfv ;f7L xhf/ ?k} ofF ;Dd
s/of]Uo cfo ePdf v08 -s_ adf]lhd Ps nfv ;f7L xhf/ ?k} ofF ;Dd
Ps xhf/ 5 ;o ?k} ofF / Ps nfv ;f7L xhf/ ?k}o fFeGbf a9L s/of] Uo
cfodf kGw| k|ltzt,
-u_
b'O{ nfv ;f7L xhf/ ?k} ofFeGbf a9L s/of]Uo cfo ePdf v08 -v_
adf]lhd b'O{ nfv ;f7L xhf/ ?k} ofF ;Dd ;f]X xhf/ 5 ;o ?k}o fF / b'O{
nfv ;f7L xhf/ ?k} ofFeGbf a9L ePsf] s/of] Uo cfodf kRrL; k|ltzt,
/
-3_
klRr; nfv ?k} ofF eGbf al9 s/ of]Uo cfo ePdf v08 -u_ adf]lhd
nfu] sf] s/df yk rfnL; k|ltzt cltl/Qm s/ nfUg] 5 .
t/ Psnf} 6L kmd{ btf{ ePsf s/bftfsf] xsdf v08 -s_
adf]lhdsf] Ps k|ltzt s/ nfUg] 5}g .
-@_
s'g} cfo jif{ df bkmf %) adf]lhd 5gf}6 ug]{ s' g} bDktLsf] s/of]Uo cfodf o;
cg' ;"rLsf] pkbkmf -$_ sf] clwgdf /xL b]xfo adf]lhdsf] b/df s/ nfUg] 5 M
-s_
b'O{ nfv ?k} ofF ;Dd /f] huf/Lsf] s/of]U o cfo ePdf Ps k|ltzt s/
nfUg] .

144
-v_
b'O{ nfv ?k} ofF eGbf a9L t/ tLg nfv ?k}ofF; Ddsf] s/of]Uo cfo ePdf
v08 -s_ adf]lhd b' O{ nfv ?k}o fF;Dd b' O{ xhf/ ?k}ofF / b' O{ nfv
?k}o fFeGbf a9L s/of]U o cfodf kGw| k|ltzt,
-u_
tLg nfv ?k} ofFeGbf a9L s/of]U o cfo ePdf v08 -v_ adf]lhd tLg
nfv ?k}ofF; Dd ;q xhf/ ?k} ofF / tLg nfv ?k} o fFeGbf j9L s/of] Uo
cfodf kRrL; k|ltzt, /
-3_
klRr; nfv ?k} ofF eGbf al9 s/ of]Uo cfo ePdf v08 -u_ adf]lhd
nfu] sf] s/df yk rfnL; k|ltzt cltl/Qm s/ nfUg] 5 .
t/ Psnf}6L kmd{ btf{ ePsf s/bftfsf] xsdf pk/f] Qm v08-s_
adf]lhd Ps k|ltzt s/ nfUg] 5}g .
-#_
o; cg';" rLsf] pkbkmf -$_ df plNnlvt Joj:yf b] xfosf] cj:yfdf nfu"

x'g]5 M
-s_
afl;Gbf k|fs[lts JolQmsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} cfo jif{ df Ps nfv ;f7L

xhf/ ?k} ofFeGbf a9L cfo ePsf] jf bkmf %) adf]lhdsf] 5gf} 6 gu/] sf]
afl;Gbf bDktLsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} cfo jif{ df b'O{ nfv ?k} ofFeGbf a9L
cfo ePsf],
-v_
u}/Jofj;flos s/of]Uo ;DklQsf] lg;u{ af6 k|fKt v" b nfe ;f]

k|fs[lts JolQm jf bDkltsf] cfo / tbg'?k s/of]U o cfosf] u0fgfdf
;dfj] z ePsf] .
-$_ o; cg';" rLsf] pkbkmf -#_ sf] clwgdf /xL b]xfosf JolQmnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd
s/ nfUg] 5M
-s_
b]xfosf /sddWo] h' g a9L 5 ;f] /sddf ;f] k|fs[lts JolQm jf

bDkltsf] ;f] dfq s/of]Uo cfo eP ;/x dfgL o; cg' ;"r Lsf] pkbkmf
-!_ jf -@_ adf]lhdsf] b/n] s/ nfUg] 5 .

145
-!_
;f] k|fs[lts JolQm jf bDkltsf] hDdf s/of]Uo cfoaf6 ;f]

nfesf] /sd 36fO{ afFsL x' g cfpg] /sd,
-@_
k|fs[lts JolQmsf] ;DaGwdf Ps nfv ;f7L xhf/ ?k} ofF jf

bDkltsf] ;DaGwdf b' O{ nfv ?k}ofF .
-v_
;f] s/of]U o cfosf] afF sL /sdaf6 bz k|ltztsf b/n] s/ nfUg] 5 .

t/,
-!_
lg;u{ ePsf] u}/ Jofj;flos s/of]U o ;DklQ -hUuf tyf

3/hUuf_ sf] :jfldTj % jif{ eGbf a9L ePsf] 5 eg] kfFr
k|ltztsf b/n] s/ nfUg] 5 .
-@_
lg;u{ ePsf] u}/ Jofj;flos s/of]U o ;DklQ -hUuf tyf

3/hUuf_ sf] :jfldTj % jif{ eGbf sd /x]sf] 5 eg] bz
k|ltztsf b/n] s/ nfUg] 5 .
-%_
g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf] s]s f] b'u{d If] qdf sfo{ /t k|fs[lts JolQmsf] b' u{ d eQf jfkt
tf]lsPadf]lhd a9Ldf krf; xhf/ ?k} oF+f;Dd s/of]U o cfoaf6 36fO{ afFsL
/xg] /sddf dfq o; bkmf adf]lhd s/sf] u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-^_
g]kfnsf ljb] z l:yt s" 6g}lts lgof]u df sfo{ /t sd{ rf/Lsf] j} b]lzs eQfsf]
krxQ/ k|ltzt /sd s/of]U o cfoaf6 36fO{ afFsL /xg] /sddf o; bkmf
adf]lhd s/sf] u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-&_
o; P]g sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd s/sf] /sd b] xfo adf]lhd
x'g]5 M
-s_
dxfgu/kflnsf jf pkdxfgu/kflnsf If] qdf Aoj;fo ug]{ k| fs[lts

JolQmsf xsdf tLg xhf/ kfFr ;o ?k} ofF ,
-v_
gu/kflnsf If] qdf Aoj;fo ug]{ k| fs[lts JolQmsf xsdf b' O{ xhf/
?k}o fF,

146
-u_
cGo s' g} :yfgdf Aoj;fo ug]{ k|fs[lts JolQmsf xsdf Ps xhf/ b' O
;o krf; ?k} ofF .
-*_
u}/ afl;Gbf k|fs[l ts JolQmsf] s' g} cfo jif{ sf] s/of]U o cfodf klRr;
k|l tztsf b/n] s/ nfUg]5 .
-(_ o; bkmfdf cGoGq h'g ;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg s'g} afl;Gbf k| fs[l ts
JolQmsf] lgj[l te/0f cfo /x]5 eg] k| fs[l ts JolQmsf] nflu pkbkmf -!_ sf]
v08 -s_ jf bDklQsf] nflu pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -s_ df plNnlvt /sd
sf] kRrL; k|l tzt /sd s/of] Uo cfojf6 36fO{ jf+ sL /xg] /sddf dfq
o; bkmf jdf]l hd s/sf] u0fgf ul/g] 5 . t/ o;/L 36fOg] /sdsf] ;Ldf
tf]lsP jdf]l hd eGbf j9L x'g] 5}g .
-!)_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h' g ;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg s' g} afl;Gbf k|fs[l ts
JolQm ckf /x]5 eg] To:tf] k| fs[l ts JolQmsf] nflu pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 s_ jf bDkltsf] nflu pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -s_ df plNnlvt /sdsf]
krf; k|l tzt yk /sd s/of]Uo cfoaf6 36fO{ jf+ sL /xg] /sddf dfq o;
bkmf adf]l hd s/sf] u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-!!_
o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g ;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg s'g} afl;Gbf k| fs[l ts
JolQm kfl/>lds cfo dfq cfh{g ug]{ dlxnf /x]5 eg] To:tf] k| fs[l ts
JolQmn] ltg'{ kg]{ s/ /sddf bz k|l tzt 5' 6 x'g]5 .
-!@_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg s'g} afl;Gbf k|fs[l ts
JolQmn] nufgL aLdf u/]s f] /x] 5 eg] ;f] jfkt e' QmfgL u/] sf] jflif{ s
lk|ldod jf jL; xhf/ ?k} ofFd f h'g 36L x' G5 ;f] /sd s/of] Uo cfoaf6
36fO{ afFsL /xg] /sddf dfq o; bkmf adf]lhd s/sf] u0fgf ul/g] 5 .
-!#_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g ;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg ef8fsf ;jf/L ;fwg
wgLxaf6 b]xfo adf]l hdsf] jflif{ s s/ c;' n ul/g] 5 . ;jf/L ;fwg wgL
k| fs[l ts JolQm ePdf o;/L lt/] sf] s/ g} clGtd x' g]5 .

147
;jf/Lsf] lsl;d k|lt;jf/L ;fwgdf a'emfpg' kg]{ jflif{s s/

-s_ ldlga;, ldlg 6 s, 6 s / a; ?= !,%)).
-v_ sf/, lhk, Eofg, dfOqmf] a;
?= !,@)).
-u_ ly| lx\ j n/, c6f] l/S;f, 6]D kf]
?= *%).
-3_ 6]S 6/ / kfj/ l6n/
?= &%).
-!$_ o; bkmfdf cGoq h'g ;' s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg s' g} k|fs[l ts JolQmn]
s'g} jif{ e/L k" 0 f{?kn] o; P] gsf] bkmf !! df plNnlvt ljz]if pBf] u
;~rfngdf ;+ nUg /x] d f, o; bkmf adf]l hd s/sf] u0fgf ubf{ kRrL;
k|l tzt s/ nfUg] s/of] Uo cfodf aL; k|l tztsf b/n] s/ nfUg]5 .
-!%_ s'g} k|fs[l ts JolQmsf] s'g} cfo jif{ d f lgsf;Ljf6 ePsf] s/of]Uo cfodf
s/sf] u0fgf ubf{ kRrL; k|l tzt s/ nfUg] s/ of]Uo cfodf kGw|
k|l tztsf b/n] s/ nfUg] 5 .
@=
lgsfosf] ;DaGwdf M
-!_
o; bkmf sf] pkbkmf -@_, -#_, -$_, -%_ / -&_ sf] cwLgdf /xL s'g} cfo
jif{d f s'g} r'/ f] 6, la8L, l;uf/, vfg] ;"l t{ , v} gL, dlb/f, lao/, lgsfosf]
s/of]Uo cfodf kRrL; k|l tztsf b/n] s/ nfUg] 5 M
-@_
s'g} cfo jif{ df s'g} a}, ljQLo ;+: yf, ;fdfGo ladf Joj;fo ug]{ jf g] kfn
k] 6f]l nod P]g, @)$) adf]l hd k] 6f]l nod sfo{ ug]{ lgsfosf] s/of]Uo
cfodf tL; k|l tztsf b/n] s/ nfUg] 5 .
:ki6Ls/0f
:ki6Ls /0f M k] 6f]l nod sfo{ s f] xsdf s/of]Uo cfo eGgfn] k] 6f]l nod
;Df} tfdf plNnlvt sfo{l jlw tyf of] P]g / o; P]g cGtu{ t ag] s f] lgod
adf]l hd lgwf{/0f ePsf] s/of] Uo cfo ;Dg' k5{ .
-#_
s'g} lgsfosf] g]kfnsf] ;| f]taf6 b]x fo adf]l hd s' g} cfo jif{df ePsf]
s/of]Uo cfodf aL; k|l tztsf b/n] s/ nfUg] 5 .
-s_
;f] lgsfo s'g} jif{ el/ k" 0 f{ ?kn] o; P]g sf] bkmf !! df
plNnlvt ljz]i f pBf] u ;~rfngdf ;+ nUg /x] d f,

148
-v_ ;f] lgsfon],

-!_ s'g} ;8s, k'n, 6g] n, /f]k j] jf cfsfz] k'n lgdf{0f u/L
;~rfng u/] df,
:ki6Ls/0f M /f]kj] eGgfn] ;fdfg 9'jfgL ug]{ k| of]hgsf nflu

lgdf{0f ul/Psf] jf dflg; cf];f/ k;f/ ug]{ k| of]h gsf nflu
lgdf{0f ul/Psf] s]jnsf/ ;d]t nfO{ hgfpF5 .
-@_ s'g} 6n L a; jf 6 fd ;~rfng u/] df, jf
-#_ ;xsf/L P] g, @)$* adf]lhd btf{ eO{ s/ 5' 6 sf/f] af/ ug]{
afx] ssf] sf/f] af/ ug]{ ;xsf/L ;+: yf .
-#s_ s'g} lgsfosf] g]kfnsf] ;| f]t af6 s'g} cfo jif{ df lgsf;Laf6 ePsf] s/of]Uo
cfodf aL; k|ltztsf b/n] s/ nfUg] 5 .
-$_
s'g} cfo jif{d f s'g} lgsfon] ;fj{ hlgs k' j f{ wf/ ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0 f tyf
;~rfng u/L g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ h:tf cfof] hgfx? / laB' t
u[x lgdf{0 f, pTkfbg / k| ;f/0f u/] d f To:tf] lgsfonfO{ ;f] lgsfosf] s/of]Uo
cfodf aL; k|l tztsf b/n] s/ nfUg]5 .
-%_ s'g} cfo jif{ df s'g} d[ t afl;Gbf JolQmsf] ;DklQ k| fKt ug]{ jf /] vb] v ug]{
jf czQm
afl;Gbf k| fs[l ts JolQmsf] 6i 6sf] s/of]Uo cfodf ;f] ;DklQ
k| fKt ug]{ jf /] vb] v ug]{ jf ;f] 6i 6nfO{ afl;Gbf k|fs[l ts JolQm ;/x dfgL
o; cg' ;"rLsf] bkmf ! sf] pkbkmf -!_ / pkbkmf -$_ adf]l hd s/ nfUg]5 .
-^_
s'g} cfo jif{ d f s'g} u}/ afl;Gbf JolQmsf] g] kfnl:yt ljb] zL :yfoL
;+ :yfkgn] ljb] z k7fPsf]] cfodf kfF r k|ltztsf b/n] s/ nfUg]5 .
-&_
s'g} cfo jif{ df bkmf &) df plNnlvt cfosf] ;DaGwdf s'g} u} /jfl;Gbf
JolQmsf] s/of]Uo cfodf kfFr k|ltztsf b/n] s/ nfUg]5 .
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]lwt .

149
t/ g]kfnaf6 csf]{ ljb] z L d' n's df k'Ug] u/L k|:yfg gx' g] hn oftfoft,
xjfO{ oftfoft jf b" /;~rf/ ;]j f pknJw u/fpg] u}/ jfl;Gbf JolQmsf] xsdf
b'O{ k|ltztsf b/n] s/ nfUg] 5 .
150
cg';"rL
L@
-bkmf !( ;+ u ;DalGwt_
x|f; sLsf] lgwf{/0f

!=
x|f;of]Uo ;DklQsf] juL{s/0f / ;d"xLs/0f M

-!_
x|f;of] Uo ;DklQsf] juL{s/0f b]x fo adf]l hdsf] x' g]5 M

ju{
;DklQsf] ljj/0f
ejg, :6Sr/ / :yfoL k|s[l tsf o:t} k|sf/sf cGo agf} 6x?
.
sDKo" 6/, tYof s] nfpg] pks/0f, kmlg{ r/, lkmS:r/ /

sfof{ no pks/0fx? .
u c6f] df]a fON;, a; tyf ldgLa;x? .

3 lgdf{0f tyf pTvgg\ ;DaGwL pks/0fx? / bkmf !& sf] pkbkmf
-#_ bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -#_ / o; cg' ;"rLsf] pkbkmf -#_
;d] t cGo st} ;dfj]z gEfPsf x| f;of] Uo ;DklQx? .
ju{ 3 df pNn] v ePsf x|f;of] Uo ;DklQx? afx] ssf cb[ Zo
;DklQx? .
-@_
s'g} JolQmn] s'g} cfo jif{ df lghsf] :jfldTjdf /xL Joj;fo jf nufgLaf6
cfo cfh{ gsf] nfuL k| o f]u u/] sf] s'g} x|f;of]Uo ;DklQnfO{ klxnf] k6s
:jfldTjdf cfPsf] jf k|of] u ePsf] ;dodf lgDgfg' ;f/sf] ;d"x /fVg' kg]{ 5
/ ;f] ;d" xx?nfO{ ;f] jif{ df pQm JolQmsf] x| f;of] Uo ;DklQx?sf] ;d" x
dflgg]5 M
-s_
;f] JolQmsf] :jfldTjdf /x] sf] jf k|o f] udf /x] s f] p:t}

;DklQx?sf] ;DaGwdf ju{ s, v, u, jf 3 sf
x|f;of] Uo ;DklQ ;f] xL ju{s f cGo ;DklQx?sf] pxL ;d"xdf
.
-v_
ju{ sf x|f;of]Uo ;DklQsf] ;DaGwdf pxL ju{sf]

;DklQx? eP tfklg j] U nf j] U n} ;d"xdf /fVg' k5{ .
151
-#_
Joj;foaf6 cfo cfh{g ug]{ l;nl;nfdf k| fs[l ts ;|f]tsf] pTvgg, vlgh

lgsfNg] sfo{ tyf ;f] sf] ljsf;sf] nflu k/]s f] nfut ;f] cfo;+ u ;DalGwt
Joj;fosf] nflu ;DklQ vl/b ubf{ k/] s f] nfut ;/x dflgg]5 .
@=
x|f; vr{ M
-!_
s'g} klg JolQmn] s'g} cfo jif{ df ;f] JolQmsf] x| f;of]U o ;DklQsf ;d" xx?
afkt o; bkmfsf] pkbkmf -@_ / -^_ adf]l hd u0fgf ul/Psf k| To]s ;d"x df
/x]s f ;DklQsf] ;f] jif{ d f ePsf] x| f; a/fa/sf] vr{ sL ug{ kfpg]5 .
-@_
s'g} JolQmn] cfgf] cfo jif{ df ;d"xdf /x]sf ;DklQsf] x| f; sLsf] u0fgf
b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;"q sf] k| of] u u/L lgsfNg' kg]{ 5 .
sv
s
eGgfn] ;f] cfo jif{ sf] cGTodf ;DklQsf] ;d" xdf /x]s f] x| f;
cfwf/ /sdnfO{ hgfpFg] 5,
eGgfn] ;f] ;d"xsf] xsdf nfu" x' g] o; cg' ;"rLsf] bkmf #

df plNnlvt x| f; sL b/nfO{ hgfpFg]5 .
-#_
s'g} cfo jif{ sf] cGTodf ju{ s, v, u jf 3 df /x] sf x|f;of]Uo

;DklQsf] x| f; cfwf/ /sd b]x fo adf]lhdsf] v08 -s_ / v08 -v_ sf]
of] uaf6 v08 -u_ sf] /sd 36fO{ sfod ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
t/ o;/L 36fOPkl5sf] /sd z" Go eGbf sd x' g] 5}g M
-s_
cl3Nnf] jif{ sf] cGTosf] ;f] ;d"xsf] x| f; sLcfwf/ /sdaf6

pkbkmf -@_ / -^_ adf]l hd u0fgf ul/Psf] ;f] ;d"x sf] x| f;
vr{ sL u/L afF sL x'g] /sd .
-v_
;f] jif{ d f ;f] ;d"xsf] x|f; sL cfwf/ /sddf ;f] ;d"xdf

ylkPsf ;DklQsf] nflu ul/Psf] ;f] ;d"xdf yk u/] sf] ;f]
cfo jif{leq o; cg' ;" rLsf] pkbkmf -%_ adf]l hdsf] vr{
jf ;d" xdf hf]l 8Psf]
vr{ .
cfly{ s P] g, @)^& 4f/f ;+ z f]lwt .

152
-u_
;f] ;d"x sf] s'g} ;DklQsf] ;f] jif{df ePsf] lg;u{af6 k| fKt
s'g} /sd .
-$_
s'g} cfo jif{sf] cGTodf ju{ 3 cGtu{ tsf k|To]s x| f;of] Uo ;DklQsf] x| f;
sLsf] cfwf/ /sd b]x fo adf]l hdsf] /sdsf] s" n of] u x'g] 5 M
-s_
cl3Nnf] cfo jif{ sf] cGTodf ;d"x df /x] sf x| f;of] Uo

;DklQx?sf] x| f; sLsf] cfwf/ /sd, /
-v_
To; cfly{ s jif{d f ;f] x| f; sL cfwf/ /sddf ;f]

;d"xleqsf] ;DklQsf] nflu pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhd ylkPsf]
/sd .
-%_
s'g} JolQmsf] x| f;of]U o ;DklQsf] s' g} ;d" xdf ;dfj] z ePsf] s' g} x|f;of]Uo
;DklQsf] nflu ul/Psf] nfutnfO{ ;DalGwt ;d"xsf] x|f; cfwf/ /sddf
b]xfo adf]lhd hf] 8\g' kg]{5 M
-s_
;f] ;DklQ o; cg' ;"rLsf] bkmf ! adf]lhd ;d"x df ;dfj]z

ul/g] ;do jf ;f] ;DklQ k|fKt ug{ vr{ u/]sf] ;dodWo]
h'g kl5 cfpF5 ;f] ;dodf lgDg ;" q cg' ;f/ u0fgf u/L
klxnf] dfg dfgL hf] 8\g' kg]{5 .
s# v
o; v08sf] k|o f] hgsf] nflu s nfO{ b]x fosf] cjlwsf]
nflu b]x fosf] dfg x' g]5 M
-c_
cfo jif{sf] z' ?b] vL k'if d;fGt;Ddsf] cjlwsf] cGTosf]

;do tLg x'g]5 ,
-cf_
df3b]lv r}q d;fGtjLrsf] cjlw b'O{ x' g]5, /
-O_
a}zfvb]l v cfo jif{s f] cGTo ;Ddsf] cjlw Ps
x'g] 5 .
v eGgfn] ;f] nfut /sd hgfpF g]5 .

-v_
nfutsf] afF sL efu klxnf] efu yk ul/Psf] cfo jif{ kl5sf]

cfo jif{df hf]l 8G5 t/ ;f] cjlwsf] ljrdf o; cg' ;"rLsf]
bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd pQm ;d"x la36g ePsf]
x'g'x'b}g .
153
-^_
ju{ s, v, u jf 3 sf ;d"x sf] x| f;of] Uo ;DklQx?sf] x|f; sL

cfwf/ /sdaf6 o; bkmfsf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd u0fgf ul/g] x| f; vr{
s6fpF bf b'O{x hf/ ?k}ofFFe Gbf sd ePdf cltl/Qm x| f; vr{ afkt ;f] afF sL
/sd ;j} u0fgf ug'{ kg]{5 .
#=
x|f;sf] b/ M -!_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] cwLgdf /xL o; cg' ;"rLsf] bkmf @ sf] pkbkmf
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