Title: Experiment 15 Boiling Point Elevation Group: Chase Noye and Sean Adams Purpose: To prove that each

particle of a compound in a solution increases the boiling point of a solvent. Materials/Equipment: Distilled Water NaCl, 10.0g Unknown sample, 10.0g Beaker tongs Thermister Computer Safety: Close-toed Shoes Procedure: 1) In you notebook prepare a table with four columns and six rows. The columns should be labeled Solution, Mass of solute (g), and Boiling Point. The rows should be labeled as Water, NaCl, Sucrose, Na2SO4 x 7H2O, and unknown. 2) Using a balance and an Erlenmyer flask, measure out 50 g of distilled water. Make sure you zero the balance with the Erlenmyer flask. 3) Pour this into a bottle. Repeat steps 2 and 3 four times with four different bottles. 4) Measure out 10g of each of the following solutes: NaCl, Sucrose, and NaSO4 x 7H2O. 5) Pour these into three different bottles and label them accordingly. Eye Goggles MgSO4 x 7H2O Sucrose, 10.0g Balance Hot Plate 125mL Erlenmyer flask Plastic Bottles

6) Set up the thermister to the computer. If you need help setting up the equipment, ask your chemister teacher. 7) Place the first solution, which is just distilled water, onto the hot plate and begin heating it. Wait until the water is boiling vigorously. When the temperature remains the same this will be your boiling point. 8) Record this temperature 9) Repeat steps 8 and 9 three different times with the other two solutions and then the unknown. 10) After you have finished clean up and then calculate the molality of the solutions, the molar mass, and the percent error of the solutions. Also determine what the unknown was. Data: Number of particles in each of the solutes: Sucrose NaCl Na2SO4 x 7H2O Boiling Point: Solution Water Sucrose NaCl Na2SO4 x 7H2O Unknown Mass of Solute (g) 50g 50g 50g 50g 50g Boiling Point (C) 99.6 99.9 103.6 100.4 99.7 = = = C12H22O11 Na + Cl 2Na + SO4 = = = 1 2 3

Molality: m = (Change of Temperature/Kb), where Kb = .51 C/m Solution Sucrose NaCl Na2SO4 Molality (.3/. 51) = .588 (4.0/. 51) = 7.8 (.8/. 51) = 1.56

Molar Mass: mm = (g solute x # of particles)/(solvent x molal concentration) Solution NaCl Sucrose Na2SO4 Molar Mass (10 x 2)/(.050 x 7.8) = 51.3 g/m (10 x 1)/(.050 x .39) = 340.13 g/m (10 x 3)/(.050 x 1.569) = 382.4

Percent error: Percent error = (Molecular Weight Molar Mass)/(Molar Weight) x 100 Solution NaCl Sucrose Na2SO4 Molecular Weight 58 342.3 322 Percent Error (51.3 58)/(58) x 100 = 11.03% (342-340.12)/(342) x 100 = 0.6% (322 382,4)/(322) x 100 = -18.75%

Conclusion: Through the experiment I proved that by adding a substance to water you raise its boiling point, although there was some source of error. In theory the Na2SO4 should have raised waters boiling point because it had the most particles of the three different solutes. However, the Sodium Sulfate did have water molecules attached to it, which could have affected this. Other sources of error include human errors such as not measuring precisely. Through the experiment I determined that the unknown solution was sugar water because their boiling points matched up fairly well.