Carcinoma (Gk.

karkinos, or "crab", and -oma, "growth") is the medical term for the most common type of cancer occurring in humans. Put simply, a carcinoma is a cancer that begins in a tissue that lines the inner or outer surfaces of the body, and that generally arises from cells originating in theendodermal or ectodermal germ layer during embryogenesis.[1] More specifically, a "carcinoma" is tumor tissue derived from putative epithelial cells whosegenome has become altered or damaged to such an extent that the cells become transformed, and begin to exhibit abnormal malignant properties A sarcoma (from the Greek sarx meaning "flesh") is a cancer that arises from transformed cells in one of a number of tissues that develop from embryonicmesoderm.[1] Thus, sarcomas include tumors of bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, vascular, and hematopoietic tissues. (This is in contrast to carcinomas, which originate from epithelial cells and thus give rise to more common malignancies, such as breast, colon, and lung cancer.) y Symptoms of cancer depend on the type and location of the tumor. Some cancers may not have any symptoms at all. In certain cancers, such as gallbladder cancer, symptoms often do not start until the disease has reached an advanced stage The most common cause of cancer-related death is lung cancer. Treatment also varies based on the type of cancer and its stage . The stage of a cancer refers to how much it has grown and whether the tumor has spread from its original location. The Pathophysiology of Cancer When you are healthy, your body has over a trillion cells that divide at standard rate and pace.When you develop cancer your normal cells turn into cancer cells. Cancer cells have different DNA that healthy cells.

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1. One of the first steps in a healthy cell becoming a cancer cell is the change of the proto-oncogens to oncogenes.Proto-oncogenes are genes that are coded to maintain normal cell growth.An oncogenes is a gene that has changed to make the cells grow and divide faster. In cancer cells the cell grows and divides very quickly. 2.The second step to becoming a cancer cell is thetumor suppressor genes get turned off.Tumor suppressor genes are a part of a healthy cells DNA that help stop cancer from forming in healthy cells.Tumor suppressor genes help slow down cell growth, when these genes are turned off the cell with grow and divide very quickly. 3. The last step to becoming a Cancer cell is the DNA repair genes gets turned off. DNA repair genes help your healthy cells know if something is wrong with its DNA and how to fix it.When these genes get turned off the cell doesn t know if it is sick, and it can t fix any problems with its DNA. There are more than 100 different varieties of cancer, which can be divided into six major categories.

Carcinomas, the most common type of cancer, originate in tissues that cover a surface or line a cavity of the body. Sarcomas begin in tissue that connects, supports or surrounds other tissues and organs. Lymphomas are cancers of the lymph system, the circulatory system that bathes and cleanses the body's cells. Leukemias involve blood-forming tissues and blood cells. As their name indicates, brain tumors are cancers that begin in the brain Skin cancers, including dangerous melanomas, originate in the skin. Cancers are considered metastatic if they spread via the blood or lymphatic system to other parts of the body to form secondary tumors.